72:. The Germans were convinced that the Tunny cipher system was unbreakable. Tunny was the cipher system which carried only the highest grade of intelligence: messages from the German Army Headquarters in Berlin and the top generals and field marshals on all fronts. Some were signed by Hitler himself. Tens of thousands of Tunny messages were intercepted by the British and broken at Bletchley Park by Captain Roberts and his fellow codebreakers in the Testery. These messages contained much vital insight into top-level German thinking and planning.
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The story of Enigma (declassified in the 1970s) is well known, but the story of Tunny, Germany's top-secret cipher machine, was only declassified in the 2000s. Most of the cryptanalysts in the
Testery died before they could tell their stories. For the first time, on 25 October 2011, a BBC Timewatch
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of the G.P.O. (Post Office). This had far greater capacity and speed than the
Robinson and so the whole breaking process became much faster. The Colossus was essential for making the very fast counts needed to work out the "de-chis", but the psi-wheels and motor-wheels were still broken by hand in
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The
Testery was hand code-breaking Tunny for 12 months before the Robinson machine was produced and for 19 months before Colossus operated. With the help of the Newmanry, the Testery broke up to 90% of the traffic given to them to work on in the Colossus period.
119:. He said that "Bletchley decrypts shortened the War by at least two years". Tunny played a very important role in all of this, a war which was costing at least 10 million lives a year. A great deal of this was down to Bill Tutte.
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The logical structure of the Tunny system was worked out by mathematician Bill Tutte in the spring of 1942. Tunny had 12 wheels, and was more advanced, complex, faster and far more secure than the well-known 3-4 wheeled
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The
Testery used hand decrypting methods to break Tunny traffic. Within one year of its foundation, the Testery had deciphered 1.5 million texts by these methods. By the war's end in
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was produced, to help speed up one stage – breaking of the chi wheels, but the
Robinson was slow and not reliable. In February 1944 a new machine called "
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in May 1945, the
Testery had grown to nine cryptanalysts, a team of 24 ATS, a total staff of 118, organised in three shifts working round the clock.
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in May 1945, the
Testery had grown to nine cryptanalysts, a team of 24 ATS, a total staff of 118, organised in three shifts working round the clock.
44:. All four were fluent in German. From 1 July 1942 on, this team switched and was tasked with breaking the German High Command's most top-level code
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The information provided by Tunny enabled the Allies to ascertain German movements, saving thousands of lives at critical junctures such as
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91:" became operational; it was the world's first electronic computer. Colossus was designed and built in only ten months by
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127:, about the Testery, Tunny, Bill Tutte and Tommy Flowers, was produced, featuring testimony from Jerry Roberts.
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36:, hence its alternative name. Four founder members were Tester himself and three senior cryptanalysts: Captain
83:. Mathematicians in the Newmanry used machine methods to speed up breaking Tunny. Early on, a machine called
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That version is a facsimile copy, but there is a transcript of much of this document in '.pdf' format at:
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Part of the "General Report on Tunny", the
Newmanry History, formatted by Tony Sale
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Bletchley Park and D-Day: The Untold Story of How the Battle for
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List of senior executives and codebreakers on Tunny in the
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After the Testery had been breaking Tunny for a year by hand, the
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Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers
302:(2006), "Major Tester's Section: The significance of breaking
455:"Bletchley codebreaker Raymond 'Jerry' Roberts appointed MBE"
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General Report on Tunny: With Emphasis on Statistical Methods
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Peter Ericsson: shift-leader, linguist and senior codebreaker
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General Report on Tunny With Emphasis on Statistical Methods
166:: codebreaker and mathematician; joint appointment with the
175:: codebreaker (later moved on to be a wheel setter)
184:: codebreaker; joint appointment with the Newmanry
139:: linguist and head of Testery (not a codebreaker)
178:Victor Masters: shift-leader (not a codebreaker)
52:successfully broke Tunny system in Spring 1942.
441:"Lorenz: Hitler's "Unbreakable" Cipher Machine"
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196:: shift-leader, linguist and senior codebreaker
363:, UK Public Record Office HW 25/4 and HW 25/5
271:"Code-Breakers: Bletchley Park's Lost Heroes"
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489:1945 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
125:Code-breakers: Bletchley Park’s Lost Heroes
334:Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret
484:1942 establishments in the United Kingdom
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258:Good, Michie & Timms 1945
111:in the Soviet Union. General
115:gave the best summary after
227:Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
157:Peter Edgerley: codebreaker
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357:; Timms, Geoffrey (1945),
336:, London: Atlantic Books,
199:Jack Thompson: codebreaker
148:John Christie: codebreaker
420:, Yale University Press,
316:Oxford University Press
332:Gannon, Paul (2006),
318:, pp. 249–259,
203:By the war's end in
113:Dwight D. Eisenhower
396:Ellsbury, Graham,
457:December 2012 on
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343:978-1-84354-331-2
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217:Allen Coombs
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188:Denis Oswald
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173:Roy Jenkins
152:Tom Colvill
473:Categories
459:BBC Online
405:3 November
375:Sale, Tony
351:Good, Jack
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233:References
81:Max Newman
50:Bill Tutte
416:(2019),
377:(2001),
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107:and the
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310:(ed.),
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205:Europe
62:Europe
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384:(PDF)
304:Tunny
280:4 May
105:D-Day
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407:2010
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282:2015
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