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The current contents of the screen of /dev/ttyN can be accessed using the device /dev/vcsN (where `vcs' stands for `virtual console screen'). From a program it is usually better to use /dev/vcsaN (`virtual console screen with attributes') instead - it starts with a header giving the number of rows
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In the early days of computing, with the advent of interactive computing, the prevailing model involved a central computer connected to multiple terminals. This configuration, known as the centralized or mainframe model, featured a powerful central computer that performed all the processing tasks,
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When personal computers became ubiquitous in the 1980s, they offered the option of running software on the user's personal computer, providing an opportunity to replace the expensive and space consuming hardware terminals with something that had additional functions. Immediately software became
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Character-oriented terminals can be "dumb" or "smart". Dumb terminals are those that can interpret a limited number of control codes (CR, LF, etc.) but do not have the ability to process special escape sequences that perform functions such as clearing a line, clearing the screen, or controlling
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key on the keyboard or a "send" button of some sort in the user interface. At that point, the entire line is transmitted. Line-at-a-time mode implies local echo, since otherwise the user will not be able to see the line as it is being edited and constructed. However, line-at-a-time mode is
746:". In this mode, the terminal emulator only sends complete lines of input to the host system. The user enters and edits a line, but it is held locally within the terminal emulator as it is being edited. It is not transmitted until the user signals its completion, usually with the
389:, especially running on data centers and cloud servers, the necessity of accessing remote computers through character based terminals remains. This is evident in the fact, that today lists of terminal emulators that could serve as alternative to the aforementioned
963:, using the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer or workstation. The word "text" is key since virtual consoles are not GUI terminals and they do not run inside a graphical interface. Virtual consoles are found on most
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Some terminal emulators also include escape sequences for configuring the behavior of the terminal to facilitate good interoperation between the terminal and programs running inside of it, for example to configure
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implementation provided by the terminal emulator program must be capable of recognizing and properly dealing with "interrupt" and "abort" events that arrive in the middle of locally editing a line.
312:, for they essentially have the same limited functionality as does a mechanical Teletype. This type of dumb terminal is still supported on modern Unix-like systems by setting the
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local echo. When entering a password, for example, line-at-a-time entry with local editing is possible, but local echo is turned off (otherwise the password would be displayed).
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devices. This pair is used to emulate a physical port/connection to the host computing endpoint - computer's hardware provided by operating system APIs, some other software like
579:. In text mode, writing to the file displays text on the virtual console and reading from the file returns text the user writes to the virtual console. As with other
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that communicates in blocks of data. It is the most common type of data terminal, because it is easy to implement and program. Connection to the mainframe computer or
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323:. Smart or intelligent terminals are those that also have the ability to process escape sequences, in particular the VT52, VT100 or ANSI escape sequences.
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Terminal emulators that simulate the 3270 protocol are available for most operating systems, for use both by those administering systems such as the
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system calls. One can compare devices using the patterns vcs ("virtual console screen") and vcsa ("virtual console screen with attributes") such as
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The complexities of line-at-a-time mode are exemplified by the line-at-a-time mode option in the telnet protocol. To implement it correctly, the
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A character-oriented terminal is a type of computer terminal that communicates with its host one character at a time, as opposed to a
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Terminal emulators may implement local editing, also known as "line-at-a-time mode". This is also mistakenly referred to as "
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systems. They are primarily used to access and interact with servers, without using a graphical desktop environment.
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served as input/output devices for users to interact with the system. These systems were initially character based.
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available, that could emulate the functions of the hardware terminals on a PC. Examples of such software for
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A terminal window allows the user access to a text terminal and all its applications such as
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1382:. Addison-Wesley professional computing series. Vol. 1: The protocols. Addison-Wesley.
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covers all remote terminals, including graphical interfaces. A terminal emulator inside a
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Finally, some emulators simply refer to a set of standards, such as the standards for
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Many terminal emulators have been developed for physical hardware terminals such as
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Telemate, which was published in 1988 and could emulate a DEC VT102 terminal.
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arrived, providing the technical background for more terminal emulators like
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Typical Linux system programs used to access the virtual consoles include:
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With terminal emulators those device files are emulated by using a pair of
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within some other display architecture. Though typically synonymous with a
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In asynchronous terminals data can flow in any direction at any time. In
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cursor position. In this context dumb terminals are sometimes dubbed
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804:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Additionally, programs have been developed to emulate assorted
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that a program can use, most easily via a library such as
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Such programs are available on many platforms, including
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and columns and the location of the cursor. See vcs(4).
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or else. For example, in Linux systems these would be
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Other examples of synchronous terminals include the
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1143:"A Brief History of Terminal Emulation | Turbosoft"
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1167:"Ubuntu Manpage: tty — general terminal interface"
728:mechanism rather than an input display option).
271:Computer terminal § Character-oriented terminals
1028:"What is dumb terminal? definition and meaning"
1399:Computer Science and Communications Dictionary
1397:Weik, Martin H. (2000). "terminal emulation".
959:, also called virtual terminals, are emulated
441:, Burroughs/Unisys A-series T27/TD830/ET1100,
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1314:Bangia, Ramesh (2010). "line mode terminal".
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362:During the 1990s, new operating systems like
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1058:"Emulating a Terminal on Personal Computers"
836:a protocol controls who may send data when.
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924:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
697:to close a currently unused virtual console
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1447:
1129:"XTerm - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)"
708:echo (computing) § Terminal emulators
1354:TCP/IP – The Ultimate Protocol Guide
1337:(5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
944:Learn how and when to remove this message
820:Learn how and when to remove this message
691:to run a program on a new virtual console
530:systems used serial port devices such as
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1443:by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
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1401:. Vol. 1. Springer. p. 1763.
1016:FU Berlin, 3. Minicomputer architecture
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142:, an open-source terminal emulator for
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844:mainframe computers are an example of
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16:Program that emulates a video terminal
685:to switch the current virtual console
636:-- typically it starts the text mode
297:is achieved via RS-232 serial links,
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1316:Dictionary of Information Technology
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1195:The Linux keyboard and console HOWTO
922:adding citations to reliable sources
437:HP700/92, Sperry/Unisys 2000-series
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1100:"Powering Linux in the Data-Center"
712:Terminal emulators may implement a
227:Terminals usually support a set of
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977:Binary Synchronous Communications
732:Line-at-a-time mode/Local editing
460:Some terminal emulators, such as
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269:This section is an excerpt from
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1333:Daintith, John (2004). "echo".
34:needs additional citations for
1335:Oxford dictionary of computing
738:Computer terminal § Modes
646:for several virtual consoles.
397:Examples of terminals emulated
393:offers over 100 alternatives.
347:, usually running versions of
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1633:Technical communication tools
264:Character-oriented terminals
1407:10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_19359
1199:Linux Documentation Project
840:-based terminals used with
800:the claims made and adding
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1441:Terminal Window Definition
1374:; Wright, Gary R. (1994).
1352:Miller, Philip M. (2009).
982:List of terminal emulators
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564:(for the master side) and
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1285:Stevens & Wright 1994
1263:, "echoplex mode" p. 479.
1086:"SSH Clients for Windows"
583:, there are also special
760:Network Virtual Terminal
471:"terminals" such as the
357:graphical user interface
187:graphical user interface
1114:"Alternatives to Putty"
987:Online service provider
571:There are also special
291:block-oriented terminal
285:character mode terminal
231:for controlling color,
198:command-line interfaces
1643:Bulletin board systems
1032:BusinessDictionary.com
513:Implementation details
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846:synchronous terminals
834:synchronous terminals
766:Synchronous terminals
650:can be configured in
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303:proprietary protocols
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1251:, "echoplex" p. 479.
997:Terminal multiplexer
918:improve this section
716:function, which may
314:environment variable
159:terminal application
43:improve this article
1372:Stevens, W. Richard
1299:, p. 590, 591.
1171:manpages.ubuntu.com
216:, or over a direct
202:text user interface
58:"Terminal emulator"
1638:Terminal emulators
1478:Terminal emulators
1432:Terminal Emulation
1378:TCP/IP illustrated
1127:Thomas E. Dickey.
1038:on August 13, 2020
785:possibly contains
662:distributions use
589:control characters
497:systems including
445:ViewPoint, AT386,
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189:is often called a
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1416:978-0-7923-8425-0
1389:978-0-201-63346-7
1363:978-1-59942-493-4
1344:978-0-19-860877-6
1325:978-93-8029-815-3
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656:X display manager
518:Unix-like systems
484:ANSI escape codes
372:Telix for Windows
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155:terminal emulator
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32:This article
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1040:. Retrieved
1036:the original
1031:
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955:
940:
934:October 2021
931:
916:Please help
904:
878:VIP7800 and
865:
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810:January 2011
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652:/etc/inittab
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539:device files
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431:Data General
400:
385:Through the
384:
376:ZOC for OS/2
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353:command line
345:Workstations
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288:
281:A Televideo
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245:ISO/IEC 6429
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99:October 2009
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1561:Terminology
1297:Miller 2009
1273:Bangia 2010
744:half-duplex
722:half-duplex
718:erroneously
666:instead of
575:files like
181:, the term
1622:Categories
1556:Terminator
1307:References
1204:2008-07-31
1176:2021-10-04
1152:2021-10-04
850:block mode
794:improve it
720:be named "
714:local echo
702:Local echo
613:/dev/vcsa1
566:/dev/ttyp0
562:/dev/ptyp0
541:for them.
251:Background
241:ANSI X3.64
200:(CLI) and
148:Windows 11
144:Windows 10
69:newspapers
1529:Red Ryder
1494:Alacritty
1318:. Laxmi.
1261:Weik 2000
1249:Weik 2000
1237:Weik 2000
1042:March 13,
965:Unix-like
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695:deallocvt
674:CLI tools
654:or by an
609:/dev/vcs1
593:functions
528:Unix-like
495:Unix-like
453:925, and
451:Televideo
427:IBM 3179G
328:Emulators
301:or other
258:terminals
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971:See also
882:700/92.
868:IBM 5250
838:IBM 3270
640:process
630:read by
423:IBM 5250
299:Ethernet
183:terminal
171:terminal
169:a video
167:emulates
1524:Konsole
926:removed
911:sources
792:Please
753:require
748:↵ Enter
664:systemd
598:ncurses
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457:50/60.
364:Windows
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214:dial-up
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380:PuTTY
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