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which began being re-appropriated as a positive descriptor in the early 1990s by activist groups. However, due to its history and – in some regions – continued use as a pejorative, there remain LGBT individuals who are uncomfortable with having this term applied to them. The use of the
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from meaning that a person was happy and fortunate to meaning that they are foolish and unsophisticated. The process of pejoration can repeat itself around a single concept, leaping from word to word in a phenomenon known as the
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is often viewed as another act of reclamation, though much like the latter in the LGBT movement, there exists a vocal subset of people with Sub-Saharan
African descent that object to the use of the word under any circumstances.
65:, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or
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Linguistic reclamation, also known as linguistic resignification or reappropriation, refers to the appropriation of a pejorative epithet by its target(s).
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from meaning a person was foolish to meaning that a person is pleasant. When performed deliberately, it is described as
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Brontsema, Robin (2004-06-01). "A Queer
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When a term begins as pejorative and eventually is adopted in a non-pejorative sense, this is called
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The Honest Jakes or Privy has graduated via
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127:. An example of pejoration is the shift in meaning of the word
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toward someone or something. It is also used to express
30:"Name slur" redirects here. For other uses of slur, see
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Henderson, Anita (Spring 2003). "What's in a Slur?".
353:"Five words that don't mean what you think they do"
516:"Our complicated relationship with the term queer"
177:. One example is the shift in meaning of the word
541:"Considering the N-Word: To Reject or Reclaim?"
383:"Ableist Language and the Euphemism Treadmill"
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591:"Remarks on 'The Semantics of Racial Slurs'"
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407:. Faber & Faber. p. 19.
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27:Derogatory or discriminating term
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568:Croom, Adam M. (2011). "Slurs".
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93:, meaning "to make worse", from
602:Croom, Adam M. (January 2014).
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381:Stollznow, Karen (2020-08-11).
423:"Amelioration (word meanings)"
405:On Learning the English Tongue
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539:Higson, Rachel (2017-09-28).
761:Prejudice and discrimination
627:. Vol. 78, no. 1.
514:Druhan, Colin (2019-03-06).
403:Bell, Vicars Walker (1953).
385:. Cambridge University Press
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69:) in some or all contexts.
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105:Pejoration and melioration
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85:past participle stem of
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208:racial slur
185:reclamation
171:melioration
144:privy-house
751:Criticisms
730:Categories
550:2023-03-12
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500:2021-07-12
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310:2012-04-25
286:References
249:Dysphemism
244:Defamation
125:pejoration
83:Late Latin
79:pejorative
67:vice versa
39:pejorative
473:1937-7029
427:ThoughtCo
279:Profanity
140:bog-house
123:known as
101:"worse".
77:The word
73:Etymology
63:hostility
59:criticism
431:Archived
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304:Archived
232:See also
164:restroom
160:bathroom
89:peiorare
221:variant
148:latrine
55:respect
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259:Insult
212:nigger
199:faggot
162:, and
156:toilet
681:This
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130:silly
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338:2016
203:dyke
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