Nigger - Knowledge (XXG)

423: 997:". Starting in the following decade, colleges struggled with attempts to teach material about the slur in a sensitive manner. In 2012, a sixth grade Chicago teacher Lincoln Brown was suspended after repeating the contents of a racially charged note being passed around in class. Brown later filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the headmaster and the Chicago public schools. A New Orleans high school also experienced controversy in 2017. Such increased attention prompted Elizabeth Stordeur Pryor, the daughter of 708: 1361: 1678: 900:. The novel is written from the point of view, and largely in the language, of an uneducated white boy, who is drifting down the Mississippi River on a raft with an adult escaped slave, Jim. The word "nigger" is used (mostly about Jim) over 200 times. Twain's advocates note that the novel is composed in then-contemporary vernacular usage, not racist stereotype, because Jim, the black man, is a sympathetic character. 1062:

or reading a script). There is not a way to neutralize the emotion and history behind the word in any context. The use of the phrase 'N-word' was created as a euphemism, and the norm, with the intention of providing an acceptable replacement and moving people away from using the specific word. When a person violates this norm, it creates resentment, intense frustration, and great offense for many.

1147:. In 2022, in explaining why the employee did not receive any jail time, Grayson Kamm, a spokesman for Hillsborough State Attorney Andrew Warren, said "Two of the primary factors were the aggressive approach the victim took toward the defendant and everyone working with the defendant, and that the victim repeatedly used possibly the most aggressive and offensive term in the English language." 1878: 861: 2030:

appeared for the first time in a book published in 1771. The use of the Finnish equivalent ('neekeri') began in the late 19th century. Until the 1980s, it was commonly used and generally not yet considered derogatory, although a few instances of it being considered to be so have been documented since

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but do not necessarily mean the same. In some of these languages, the words refer to the color black in general and are not specifically used to refer to black people. When used to refer to black people, these words have acquired varying degrees of offensiveness, ranging from completely neutral (as

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suggested that it continues to be unacceptable for non-blacks to utter while singing or rapping along to hip-hop, and that by being so restrained it gives white Americans (specifically) an impression of what it is like to not be entitled to "do anything they please, anywhere". A concern often raised

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In many African-American neighborhoods, nigga is simply the most common term used to refer to any male, of any race or ethnicity. Increasingly, the term has been applied to any person, male or female. "Where y'all niggas goin?" is said with no self-consciousness or animosity to a group of women, for

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For reasons common to the slave condition all slave classes displayed a lack of industrial initiative and produced the famous Lazy Nigger, who under Russian serfdom and elsewhere was white. Just as not all Blacks, even under the most degrading forms of slavery, consented to become niggers, so by no

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1). Here the word evokes a sense of community and oneness among Black people. Many teens I interviewed felt the word had no power when used amongst friends, but when used among white people the word took on a completely different meaning. In fact, comedian Alex Thomas on BET stated, "I still better

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Black listeners often react to the term differently, depending on whether it is used by white speakers or by black speakers. In the former case, it is regularly understood as insensitive or insulting; in the latter, it may carry notes of in-group disparagement, or it may be understood as neutral or

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in popular media like music and film have created some confusion as to whether or not there is ever a time when the use of the N-word is acceptable. For non-Black people, the word should not be spoken as there is almost no context in which it is appropriate or constructive (even when singing a song

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During the late 18th and early 19th century, the word "nigger" also described an actual labor category, which African American laborers adopted for themselves as a social identity, and thus white people used the descriptor word as a distancing or derogatory epithet, as if "quoting black people" and

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to "others than full or partial negroes" is "felt as an insult by the person described, & betrays in the speaker, if not deliberate insolence, at least a very arrogant inhumanity"; but the second edition (1965) states "N. has been described as 'the term that carries with it all the obloquy and

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illustrates the word in spoken form—the speaker here referring to himself: "Travler, marm, this niggur's no travler; I ar' a trapper, marm, a mountain-man, wagh!" It was not used as a term exclusively for blacks among mountain men during this period, as Indians, Mexicans, and Frenchmen and Anglos

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news, with the agreement of victim and family, mentioned the slur when reporting on a physical and verbal assault on the black NHS worker and musician K-Dogg. Within the week the BBC received over 18,600 complaints, the black radio host David Whitely resigned in protest, and the BBC apologized.

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Surveys from 2006 showed that the American public widely perceived usage of the term to be wrong or unacceptable, but that nearly half of whites and two-thirds of blacks knew someone personally who referred to blacks by the term. Nearly one-third of whites and two-thirds of blacks said they had

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Of course, no one considered himself a nigger. It was always something you called someone who could be considered anything less than you. I soon found out there were a few black families living in Old Colony. They'd lived there for years and everyone said that they were okay, that they weren't

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niggers but just black. It felt good to all of us to not be as bad as the hopeless people in D Street or, God forbid, the ones in Columbia Point, who were both black and niggers. But now I was jealous of the kids in Old Harbor Project down the road, which seemed like a step up from Old Colony

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writes that "this word is one of the most controversial in English, and is liable to be considered offensive or taboo in almost all contexts (even when used as a self-description)". Intra-group usage has been criticized by some contemporary Black American authors, a group of them (the

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defending his son against accusations of racism, stating "Nothing could be further from the truth. My own background has meant that I am passionately opposed to any form of prejudice based on religion or race... His mother comes from the tough multiracial area of

227:) or "any person whose behavior is regarded as reprehensible". In some cases, with awareness of the word's offensive connotation, but without intention to cause offense, it can refer to a "victim of prejudice likened to that endured by African Americans" (as in 3294: 544: 502:, emphasizing that it was chosen in the South precisely because it was more offensive than "colored" or "negro". By the turn of the century, "colored" had become sufficiently mainstream that it was chosen as the racial self-identifier for the 506:(NAACP). In 2008 Carla Sims, its communications director, said "the term 'colored' is not derogatory, chose the word 'colored' because it was the most positive description commonly used . It's outdated and antiquated but not offensive." 822:

came under intense scrutiny for his conduct in 2008, he deviated from an address to the city council, saying, "In the past 30 days, I've been called a nigger more than any time in my entire life." Opponents accused him of "playing the

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came back from Africa, and decided to stop using the word onstage, he would sometimes start to slip up, because he was so used to speaking that way. It was the right word at the moment to keep the rhythm together in his sentence

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from the mid-18th century onward, and "degenerated into an overt slur" by the middle of the 19th century. Some authors still used the term in a neutral sense up until the later part of the 20th century, at which point the use of

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has historically "wreaked symbolic violence, often accompanied by physical violence", it began to disappear from general popular culture from the second part of the 20th century onward, with the exception of cases derived from

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after students protested his utterance of "nigger" and a professor at DePaul had his law course cancelled after 80% of the enrolled students transferred out. Instead of pursuing disciplinary action, a student at the

4187: 2143:. The first one is the most historically attested and was the most commonly used until the 1960s as an equivalent of the English word "negro". It was gradually felt as offensive during the 1970s and replaced with 1347:

is whether frequent exposure will inevitably lead to a dilution of the extremely negative perception of the word among the majority of non-black Americans who currently consider its use unacceptable and shocking.

4313: 3291: 3412: 1713:, used the word as a metaphor for what he saw as the role forced on students. Farber had been, at the time, frequently arrested as a civil rights activist while beginning his career as a literature professor. 4251: 1103:

was suspended and replaced with a guest host after she attended a meeting on racial justice and, in the process of quoting a journalist, used "a word that no-one like me should ever use". In August 2020,

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view its use as offensive; one says "I'm really not such an idiot that I don't realize that if a man calls me a nigger, it's his fault the first time, but mine if he has the opportunity to do it again."

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punched a 77-year-old white customer after the customer had repeatedly called the employee a nigger. The customer fell to the floor and hit his head. Three days later, he died, having suffered a

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In the 2010s, "nigger" in its various forms saw use with increasing frequency by African Americans amongst themselves or in self-expression, the most common swear word in hip hop music lyrics.

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consideration every song whose lyrics contain the word; however, Ron Roecker, vice president of communication for the Recording Academy, doubted it will have any effect on actual nominations.

5526: 503: 5453: 4466: 3947: 4083: 5483: 1797:". The slur usually remains uncensored on radio stations, but Costello's usage of the word came under scrutiny, particularly after he used racial slurs during a drunken argument with 4137: 3742: 1697:

also include non-black/non-white and other disadvantaged people. Some of these terms are self-chosen, to identify with the oppression and resistance of black Americans; others are

540:; the original had been called "the ugliest conceivable title" in a British review and American reviewers understood the change as reflecting American "refinement" and "prudery." 4848: 2031:

the 1950s; by the mid-1990s the word was considered racist, especially in the metropolitan area and among the younger population. It has since then usually been replaced by the

3078: 1228:. As of 2001, trends indicated that usage of the term in intragroup settings is increasing even amongst white youth, due to the popularity of rap and hip hop culture. Linguist 3869: 4549: 4029: 1516:

refused to say the actual word, calling it "the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language". Media personnel who reported on Fuhrman's testimony substituted

1057:, fired his chief communications officer, Jonathan Friedland, for using the word twice during internal discussions about sensitive words. In explaining why, Hastings wrote: 4183: 2395:

Whether this usage is considered acceptable may depend on a sense of the speaker's in-group belonging, as judged by the speaker him- or herself, the listener(s), or others.

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is always a slur, arguing that it is also used as a marker of camaraderie and friendship, comparable to the British and Australian term "mate" or the American "buddy".

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in older literature has become controversial because of the word's modern meaning as a racist insult. One of the most enduring controversies has been the word's use in

5786: 3404: 4242: 4439: 3562: 2904: 8526: 4961: 3802: 3523: 2793: 5625: 4381: 2358: 740: 4992: 1471:], his voice trembling, added that the "N-word" was so vile he would not utter it. "It's the filthiest, dirtiest, nastiest word in the English language." 5099: 5033: 4210: 4056: 3013: 2547: 2035:'musta' ('black '). In a survey conducted in 2000, Finnish respondents considered the term 'Neekeri' to be among the most offensive of minority designations. 4519: 4106: 4787: 4597:

Linguistic reclamation, also known as linguistic resignification or reappropriation, refers to the appropriation of a pejorative epithet by its target(s).

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The United Independent Compensatory Code/System/Concept: A Textbook/Workbook for Thought, Speech, and/or Action, for Victims of Racism (white supremacy)

4002: 2750: 4817: 3900: 3048: 2424: 853:. Magazines and newspapers typically do not use this word but instead print censored versions such as "n*gg*r", "n**ger", "n——" or "the N-word"; see 3826: 716: 5518: 8556: 8045: 5461: 4347: 774: 4462: 1070:

turned down a job after his human resources department took issue with him using the word to describe racism that he experienced as a black man.

5199: 3931: 5930: 5677: 5218: 2351: 1638: 326:) was a word for a dark-skinned individual. The earliest known published use of the term dates from 1574, in a work alluding to "the Nigers of 4079: 2253:) has been commonly used as neutral word to describe black people until recent years. It can also be used as a synonym for underpaid worker, " 6253: 6233: 6209: 5899: 5838: 5819: 5796: 5589: 5500: 5355: 4955: 4904: 4160: 3981: 3941: 3595: 3556: 3517: 3125: 2935: 2787: 2710: 2671: 2606: 2581: 1017: 5490: 3632: 4129: 3750: 576: 431: 796:(1968), about the front-line lot of the U.S. Army black soldier in combat in Vietnam. An Ali biographer reports that, when interviewed by 549: 532: 3601: 2677: 184:), which they see as contributing to the "construction of an identity founded on self-hate". In wider society, the inclusion of the word 8031: 4644: 2716: 1728: 1388:, as a descriptive term (lit. 'black person's head'). It also is or was a colloquial technical term in industry, mining, and seafaring. 585:

contempt and rejection which whites have inflicted on blacks'". The quoted formula goes back to the writings of the American journalist

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all suspended professors in 2019 over referring to the word "nigger" by name in classroom settings. In two other cases, a professor at

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English professor Neal A. Lester created what has been called "the first ever college-level class designed to explore the word 'nigger

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offered to reinstate Howard to his former position. Howard refused reinstatement but took a job elsewhere in the mayor's government.

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and taken as offensive. In January 1999, David Howard, a white Washington, D.C., city employee, was compelled to resign after using

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music cultures and is used as part of an in-group lexicon and speech. It is not necessarily derogatory and is often used to mean

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perspective to the study of power, class, and relations between planters and slaves in the South, uses the word pointedly in

1261: 888: 870: 744: 621: 4910: 3481: 3434: 3003:"A new version of an old song. Illustrating the growth of Public Sentiment [Old John Brown, he had a little nigger]" 1649:—in a financial context—while speaking with black colleagues, who took umbrage. After reviewing the misunderstanding, Mayor 4431: 3720: 5811: 5603: 4947: 2896: 2070: 1505: 1092: 697: 5707: 4732: 3810: 3655:"Res. No. 693-A – Resolution declaring the NYC Council's symbolic moratorium against using the "N" word in New York City" 2951: 6700: 6658: 3843: 897: 5066: 4710: 4373: 422: 94: 6939: 5970: 5400: 5361: 221:

has also been historically used to designate "any person considered to be of low social status" (as in the expression

132:(), meaning "black". It was initially seen as a relatively neutral term, essentially synonymous with the English word 5556: 4984: 4496: 3258: 8546: 7915: 5923: 5089: 4052: 3438: 3229: 3178: 1664: 1412:, records the usages of both "nigger" and the similar-sounding word "niggard" denoting a false bottom for a grate. 964: 736: 483: 98: 5323:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura / Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. pp. 170, 365. 5015: 3348: 3002: 2539: 1888: 1252:

is evaluatively neutral in terms of its inherent meaning; it may express positive, neutral, or negative attitudes;

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The word's usage in literature has led to it being a point of discussion in university lectures as well. In 2008,

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Brontsema, Robin (June 1, 2004). "A Queer Revolution: Reconceptualizing the Debate Over Linguistic Reclamation".

3969: 2880: 1497: 960: 836: 472: 331: 172: 1433:('White' + 'nigger') denotes a white person emulating "street Black behavior", hoping to gain acceptance to the 8521: 8455: 5891: 1718: 1324:, then the rhythmic presentation is off. That rhythmic language is a form of historical memory for Black people 990: 495: 444: 116: 4404: 2742: 5484:"Tabela 1.2 – População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo a situação do domicílio e o sexo – Brasil – 2009" 3998: 3681: 7236: 7125: 7103: 6807: 6237: 6213: 6048: 1895: 1538: 514: 48: 44: 3040: 2416: 1663:

is the Spanish word for black, and is commonly a part of place names and proper names, particularly in the

8551: 8158: 7263: 6718: 3370: 2829: 1840: 1569: 1565: 1396:", a US slave-era phrase denoting escaped slaves hiding in train-transported woodpiles. In the 1840s, the 1393: 1365: 1229: 1162: 448: 160: 3823: 1732: 8090: 6848: 5916: 2773: 2204: 1709: 1034: 804: 604: 382: 4339: 5738: 5196: 2315:

is a word for "black" but it is being used in a derogatory manner in a similar way as the word nigger.

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as mainstream American English usage to denote black-skinned Americans of African ancestry. President

7343: 6789: 6478: 6083: 6005: 5939: 2338: 2328: 1025: 751: 139: 5669: 5519:"G1 > Edição Rio de Janeiro – NOTÍCIAS – Sou incapaz de qualquer atitude racista, diz procurador" 5215: 2897:"The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North" 2853:"The Etymology of Nigger: Resistance, Language, and the Politics of Freedom in the Antebellum North" 1856:

as a significant periodical, published an essay entitled "Niggers of the New Age". This argued that

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The Columbia Companion to American History on Film: How the Movies Have Portrayed the American Past

2182: 1724: 1650: 1298: 1096: 1075: 1013: 938: 5584:. Skvort︠s︡ov, Lev Ivanovich., Скворцов, Лев Иванович (28-e izd., ispravlennoe ed.). Moskva. 5504: 3870:"'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' – Removing the N Word from Huck Finn: Top 10 Censored Books" 1308:

There's a certain rhythmic seduction to the word. If you speak in a sentence, and you have to say

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used this meaning to degrade the people considered to be of lower status, whether white or black.

727:. "Seymour friends meet here" in the background is a reference to the Democratic Party candidate: 8341: 7363: 5865: 5619: 5137: 5020: 4943: 3340: 3221: 3170: 2872: 2520: 1957: 1782: 1740: 1682: 1513: 1478: 1468: 1265: 811:; however, there is no penalty for using it. This formal resolution also requests excluding from 747: 378: 7304: 5581:

Tolkovyĭ slovarʹ russkogo i︠a︡zyka: okolo 100 000 slov, terminov i frazeologicheskikh vyrazheniĭ

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Allan, Keith (November 2015). "When is a slur not a slur? The use of nigger in 'Pulp Fiction'".

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Anti-abolitionist cartoon from the 1860 presidential campaign illustrating colloquial usage of "

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describes the term as "perhaps the most offensive and inflammatory racial slur in English". The

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Rahman, Jacquelyn (2012). "The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community".

7441: 6642: 5895: 5834: 5815: 5792: 5595: 5585: 5390: 5351: 5324: 5177: 5025: 4951: 4900: 4588: 3977: 3937: 3591: 3585: 3552: 3546: 3513: 3471: 3332: 3213: 3162: 3131: 3121: 2931: 2783: 2706: 2667: 2661: 2642: 2602: 2577: 2512: 2224: 1931: 1398: 1117: 715:, arguing the reason Democrats objected to African-Americans having the vote was that, in the 608: 263: 199: 164: 4937: 3507: 3101: 2777: 2700: 1005:, to give a talk opining that the word was leading to a "social crisis" in higher education. 8206: 8190: 7677: 7547: 7531: 6775: 6097: 6032: 5857: 5423: 5129: 4783: 4683: 4580: 3382: 3324: 3113: 3007: 2864: 2634: 2504: 2308: 2296: 2236: 2122: 2116: 2027: 2017: 1947: 1940: 1794: 1656: 1603: 1578: 1416: 1360: 1343: 1073:

While defending Laurie Sheck, a professor who was cleared of ethical violations for quoting

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is also used casually and fraternally among African Americans, most commonly in the form of

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by mixed-race individuals is still largely considered taboo, albeit not as inflammatory as

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alike could be a "niggur". "The noun slipped back and forth from derogatory to endearing."

8441: 8379: 7591: 7060: 7037: 5782: 5272: 5222: 5203: 5121: 4546:"Florida Dunkin' employee is sentenced for fatally punching customer who used racist slur" 3830: 3503: 3298: 3262: 2738: 2076: 2038: 1820: 1802: 1447: 1208:

is still debated, although it has established a foothold amongst younger generations. The

1169: 1140: 1125: 1021: 934: 842: 770: 728: 724: 643: 594: 567: 519: 354: 8174: 3202:"The Critical Reception of the First American Edition of "The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'"" 1041:

class presentation which argued that her use of the word in a lecture was not justified.

4107:"The original Emory Law School N-word using professor faces hearing on his future today" 3780: 2978: 2069:. The word can still be used as a synonym of "sweetheart" in some traditional Louisiana 1816:, and I think she would still beat the tar out of him if his orthodoxy were in doubt". 1285:... I hear a white boy say that to me, it means 'White boy, you gonna get your ass beat. 754:—an African-American presidential advisor—as a guest. The poem reappeared in 1929 after 8431: 8220: 8200: 8080: 8051: 8024: 7854: 7844: 7707: 7661: 7278: 7252: 7155: 6946: 6606: 6400: 6323: 6291: 6041: 4621: 4405:"Western University professor apologizes after student calls out his use of the n-word" 4369: 4243:"College student delivers presentation to call out professor for using n-word in class" 4211:"Professor formerly under fire for use of 'N-word' in teaching exercise back at DePaul" 3715: 3025: 2625:

Allan, Keith (2015). "When is a Slur Not a Slur? The Use of Nigger in 'Pulp Fiction'".

2100: 1987: 1798: 1786: 1677: 1628: 1121: 1113: 1084: 945: 904: 797: 762: 647: 370: 5383:

Pietikäinen, Sari (2002). "Etniset vähemmistöt uutisissa". In Raittila, Pentti (ed.).

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Rasismi lasten ja nuorten arjessa: Transnationaalit juuret ja monikulttuuristuva Suomi

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The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States

447:, the word was spelled "niggur", and is often recorded in the literature of the time. 8515: 8362: 8254: 8134: 7951: 7909: 7838: 7643: 7327: 7310: 7013: 6485: 6386: 6358: 6277: 6188: 6137: 6090: 5236: 5174:

Green Egg Omelette: An Anthology of Art and Articles from the Legendary Pagan Journal

5157: 4335: 4306:"Read the Netflix CEO's excellent memo about firing an executive who used the N-word" 3117: 2876: 2815: 2524: 2265:) means ghostwriter. Nowadays, a black person would often be described neutrally as " 2242: 2216: 1807: 1584: 1508:—who denied using racist language on duty—impeached himself with his prolific use of 1442: 1420: 1329: 1088: 1080: 1067: 1054: 1002: 998: 651: 527: 523: 142:(16th–19th century) often conveyed a merely patronizing attitude. The word took on a 679:, without irony, either to neutralize the word's impact or as a sign of solidarity. 8290: 7333: 6867: 6857: 6796: 6686: 6506: 6379: 6268: 4922: 4896:

The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States

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ever called me nigger." Later, his modified answer was the title of a documentary,

785: 777:. The identity of the author—who used the byline "unchained poet"—remains unknown. 590: 543: 452: 435: 403: 400: 396: 223: 204: 71: 7416: 5277: 4687: 2638: 631: 4894: 4463:"CBC host Wendy Mesley apologizes for using a certain word in discussion on race" 3465: 3386: 2980:

Here Lies Hugh Glass: A Mountain Man, a Bear, and the Rise of the American Nation

1996:('negro') used to be neutral, but many now consider it to be avoided in favor of 1770:, ethnic slurs against Native Americans, are examples of the racist extension of 8168: 7831: 7774: 7409: 7211: 7148: 7081: 6992: 6978: 6905: 6741: 6393: 6076: 3706: 2278: 2056: 1877: 1857: 1778: 1749: 1698: 1438: 1424: 1301: 1038: 1029: 800:

in 1966, the boxer actually said, "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong."

712: 626: 625:(1785), but "black" had not been widely used until the later 20th century. (See 571: 456: 228: 67: 29: 4612: 1087:

wrote that efforts to condemn racist language by white Americans had undergone

8308: 8262: 8258: 8152: 7987: 7945: 7571: 7384: 7197: 6874: 6837: 6679: 6499: 6365: 6123: 6055: 5699: 5599: 4818:"Profanity in lyrics: most used swear words and their usage by popular genres" 4736: 4520:"Tampa Dunkin' case: A racial slur, a fatal punch and 2 years of house arrest" 4184:"Professor cancels course on hate speech amid contention over his use of slur" 2955: 2369: 2343: 1690: 1554: 1373: 883: 865: 665:, an early-1970s popular usage. Some Black Americans continue to use the word 659: 509: 346: 189: 143: 5029: 4592: 3336: 3217: 3166: 2646: 2516: 2508: 1264:, a cable network aimed at a Black audience, described the word nigger as a " 589:, who used it in several writings between 1963 and 1975. Black characters in 8334: 7954: 7884: 7808: 7655: 7601: 7493: 6769: 6344: 6297: 6158: 5977: 5056: 4702: 1845: 1813: 1618: 1546: 1542: 1493: 824: 327: 128: 112: 79: 5579: 5384: 5345: 4130:"Universities repeatedly discipline professors for referring to the n-word" 3135: 3112:(10). James R. Osgood & Co., Boston (U.S. edition): 11,13,127,139,219. 711:

Historical American cartoon titled "Why the nigger is not fit to vote", by

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Worth, Robert F. (Fall 1995). "Nigger Heaven and the Harlem Renaissance".

5548: 4488: 4080:"Elizabeth Stordeur Pryor says use of the N-word is causing social crisis" 3106:

Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

2868: 1582:(black henbane), and even for animals that are in fact not black, such as 1376:" or "nigger head" was used as a name for many sorts of things, including 8482: 8074: 7357: 7288: 7245: 6823: 6734: 6151: 5998: 5984: 5344:

Rastas, Anna (2007). "Neutraalisti rasistinen? Erään sanan politiikkaa".

5306: 5061: 4758: 3405:"Using the n-word is more common than you (or President Obama) may think" 3255: 2663:

Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language

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said "woman is the nigger of the world;" three years later, her husband,

1745: 1573: 789: 180:) calling for the total abandonment of its usage (even under the variant 4841:"Ta-Nehisi Coates Gently Explains Why White People Can't Rap the N-Word" 4643:

Aldridge, Kevin; Thompson, Richelle; Winston, Earnest (August 5, 2001).

3225: 3201: 3174: 3150: 2903:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College: 203–245, especially 206 f. 1489: 8496: 8475: 8469: 8395: 8278: 8271: 8236: 8068: 7997: 7866: 7701: 7631: 7541: 7448: 7402: 6727: 6462: 6452: 6372: 6307: 6227: 6192: 6069: 5869: 5141: 4763: 4584: 3344: 3312: 1902: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1861: 1824: 1434: 1190: 1091:. Similar controversies outside the United States have occurred at the 1050: 479: 151:

became increasingly controversial regardless of its context or intent.

5639: 5124:(Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations". 4432:"Students, professor use 'N-word' during class at SU's Madrid program" 3803:"Academic Resources: Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word" 2852: 2819: 896:

was the fifth most challenged book during the 1990s, according to the

860: 443:

their non-standard language. During the early 1800s to the late 1840s

8490: 8424: 8372: 8243: 7981: 7801: 7767: 7742: 7511: 7218: 7204: 7183: 7162: 7141: 7054: 7047: 7006: 6985: 6960: 6899: 6762: 6755: 6613: 6592: 6513: 6468: 6432: 6418: 6330: 6313: 6284: 6178: 6130: 6062: 2702:

Bestial Traces:Race, Sexuality, Animality: Race, Sexuality, Animality

2172: 1429: 1137: 5861: 5133: 4275:"Netflix Fires Chief Communications Officer Over Use of Racial Slur" 3328: 1934:, have words that sound similar to or share etymological roots with 1738:

In 1969, in the course of being interviewed by the British magazine

5831:

New Amsterdam Gehenna: Segregated Death in New York City, 1630–1801

2305:

is the word for "black" and is the only way to refer to that color.

1805:

in 1979. In the same year, Costello's father published a letter in

818:

The word can be invoked politically for effect. When Detroit mayor

8416: 8405: 8355: 8324: 8229: 8104: 8038: 7972: 7921: 7891: 7781: 7749: 7557: 7475: 7272: 7190: 7176: 7169: 7031: 6999: 6748: 6557: 6446: 6351: 6337: 6247: 6184: 6115: 6104: 5991: 5963: 2066: 1676: 1359: 1209: 1181: 1156: 917: 859: 850: 706: 671: 542: 421: 307: 244: 134: 123: 107: 36: 25: 21: 5808:

Household Words: Bloomers, Sucker, Bombshell, Scab, Nigger, Cyber

1836:

means all or even most of the niggers in history have been Black.

1445:

wrote of the antecedents of this phenomenon in 1957 in his essay

629:, and, in the context of worldwide anti-colonialism initiatives, 8317: 8297: 8127: 8061: 8015: 7585: 6672: 6585: 6571: 6529: 2111: 1632: 1423:, then to white people sympathetic towards black Americans. The 460: 5912: 5908: 5735:«Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario 4053:"School reflects on race after student-teacher N-word exchange" 3933:

Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous

3901:"The 'n'-word gone from Huck Finn – what would Mark Twain say?" 2823: 2820:"Chapter 8. American Spelling > 2. The Influence of Webster" 2109:

is used for any man in general, regardless of skin color (like

8389: 8120: 8097: 8004: 7724: 7717: 7225: 6830: 6816: 6012: 1871: 1496:

by a major public figure came during the racially contentious

1186: 1105: 2373:

with a plot revolving around the word's extreme offensiveness

471:

By 1859 the term was clearly used to offend, in an attack on

266:

words for 'black', including the Spanish and Portuguese word

5578:

Ozhegov, Sergeĭ Ivanovich.; Ожегов, Сергей Иванович (2014).

5501:"Evolutio da populaco brasileira, segundo a cor – 1872/1991" 4703:"Perspectives: A View of the 'N-Word' from Sociolinguistics" 580:, states in the first edition (1926) that applying the word 5730: 5430:(in Finnish) (1/2001). Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus. 482:" or "negro" became a respectful alternative. In 1851, the 2214: 2208: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2008:('little black one') can be amicably or offensively used. 1953:). Examples of related words in other languages include: 650:", and was adopted by major media outlets. Moreover, as a 603:

By the late 1960s, the social change brought about by the

504:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

43:"Nigerto" and "N-word" redirect here. For other uses, see 1248:

the routine purpose of obtaining information. The point:

4161:"Professor won't teach more classes after saying N-word" 2161:

was considered a better translation of the English word

1512:

in tape recordings about his police work. Co-prosecutor

719:, African-Americans voted for the Republican candidates 385:

in New York City originally was known by the Dutch name

3288:

Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change

2207:" and is almost never proudly used by Afro-Brazilians. 459:. "Niggur" was evidently similar to the modern use of " 4761:(November 2007). "Cornel West Talks Rhymes and Race". 1721:: The Precocious Autobiography of a Quebec "Terrorist" 925:

in the hope of "countering the 'pre-emptive censorship

8461:

usually Indigenous, regarded as primitive/uncivilized

5549:"negrotei - definiție Argou și paradigmă - dexonline" 5389:. Tampere: Tampere University Press. pp. 25–26. 4489:"BBC apologises over racial slur used in news report" 3071:"Lohan calls Obama 'colored', NAACP says no big deal" 1602:(black), used in biologic and anatomic names such as 688:

personally used the term within the last five years.

2828:(2nd rev. and enl. ed.). New York: A.A. Knopf. 2119:). Haitian Creole derives predominantly from French. 2104: 2026:('negro/nigger'), as a loan word ('Neger') from the 522:, but used the term "negro" when writing in his own 8307: 8253: 8219: 8144: 8014: 7971: 7901: 7876: 7818: 7791: 7759: 7734: 7618: 7503: 7485: 7458: 7426: 7394: 7376: 7262: 7235: 7133: 7124: 7095: 7073: 7023: 6970: 6931: 6922: 6891: 6847: 6806: 6717: 6650: 6641: 6634: 6410: 6267: 6168: 6031: 6022: 5955: 3467:

Presidents and Black America: A Documentary History

1968:, is considered a neutral word for black people in 498:documented the "opprobrious" character of the word 198:) and in more recent cultural productions (such as 8283:(sometimes used against other semi-nomadic groups) 5887:The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why 5731:"negro, negra | Diccionario de la lengua española" 4241: 2743:"Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word" 2599:The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why 5350:(in Finnish). Tampere: Tampere University Press. 5155:McManus, Ross (June 14, 1979). "Elvis Costello". 5057:"N-word: The troubled history of the racial slur" 4374:"The idea that white's can't refer to the N-word" 3743:"100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999" 538:The Children of the Sea: A Tale of the Forecastle 536:(1897); in the United States, it was released as 5788:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word 3682:"Attorney General Cox: Kilpatrick should resign" 3509:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word 2660:Patricia T. O'Conner; Stewart Kellerman (2010). 2574:Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word 2540:"Opinion | How the N-Word Became Unsayable" 1557:(used as bird feed), sometimes use the spelling 1268:". "In the African American community, the word 775:a tea for congressmen's wives at the White House 518:(1883), used the term within quotes, indicating 391:(Cemetery of the Negro). An early occurrence of 353:in describing the African slaves shipped to the 5321:Vanhat sanat: Vanhan kirjasuomen ensiesiintymiä 3844:"New Huckleberry Finn edition censors 'n-word'" 3587:Muhammad Ali: Trickster in the Culture of Irony 3313:"Nella Larsen's Passing and the Fading Subject" 1833: 1622: 1465: 1306: 1258: 1245: 1059: 973: 5309:, Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse taal, 2010 5090:"D.C. Mayor Acted 'Hastily', Will Rehire Aide" 4607: 4605: 3625:"New York city council bans use of the N-word" 3373:(June 2007). "The pragmatics of connotation". 2666:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 134. 2359:List of topics related to the African diaspora 2228: 1392:as "defect" (a hidden problem), derives from " 1128:. The employee was arrested, and charged with 921:. The change was spearheaded by Twain scholar 530:published a novella in Britain with the title 214:) has sparked controversy and ongoing debate. 5924: 3254:. Oxford University Press, 1965. Compare the 2300: 2288: 2282: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2240: 2166: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2021: 642:" was advanced analogously to such terms as " 279: 267: 8: 3151:"Racism and "The Nigger of the "Narcissus""" 2277:, 'black-skinned'), though the organization 2092: 2086: 2080: 2060: 2050: 2042: 1204:Acceptance of intra-group usage of the word 291: 285: 273: 3200:RUDE, DONALD W.; DAVIS, KENNETH W. (1992). 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1597: 1591: 1532: 1500:in 1995. Key prosecution witness Detective 769:, the wife of African-American congressman 386: 338:was recorded two centuries later, in 1775. 310: 301: 7130: 6928: 6647: 6638: 6028: 5931: 5917: 5909: 5624:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3464:Jones, Stephen A.; Freedman, Eric (2011). 2576:. Pantheon Books. pp. 36–37, 91–111. 2334:List of ethnic group names used as insults 1785:". One year later in 1979, English singer 963:describes how many white residents of the 5126:The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 4985:"Issue of Racism Erupts in Simpson Trial" 3398: 3396: 3290:. Harvard University Press, 1989, p. 88 ( 2895:Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016). 2851:Stordeur Pryor, Elizabeth (Summer 2016). 2779:The Assassination of the Black Male Image 1972:. Some publications and institutions use 1918:Learn how and when to remove this message 1860:were treated badly by other parts of the 1613:(miserly) is etymologically unrelated to 1185:. This usage has been popularized by the 948:the term is used in such examples as the 854: 334:, the first derogatory usage of the term 5197:Waarom wil je ons zo graag neger noemen? 2065:. Some white Frenchmen have the surname 1731:leader, refers to the oppression of the 1377: 1372:In several English-speaking countries, " 1241:Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 2006 807:symbolically banned the use of the word 619:had used this word of his slaves in his 318:In its original English-language usage, 272:('black') and the now-pejorative French 7061:Maritime Southeast Asian-origin Indians 5606:from the original on September 15, 2024 5529:from the original on September 12, 2022 5364:from the original on September 15, 2024 4964:from the original on September 15, 2024 4913:from the original on September 15, 2024 4871:The Oxford English Reference Dictionary 4735:. Wrt-intertext.syr.edu. Archived from 4713:from the original on September 27, 2014 4701:Spears, Dr. Arthur K. (July 12, 2006). 4526:from the original on September 23, 2022 4350:from the original on September 21, 2019 4221:from the original on September 24, 2019 4159:Flaherty, Colleen (November 18, 2019). 4140:from the original on September 29, 2019 3635:from the original on September 15, 2024 3604:from the original on September 15, 2024 3565:from the original on September 15, 2024 3526:from the original on September 15, 2024 3484:from the original on September 15, 2024 2796:from the original on September 15, 2024 2408: 2388: 2085:is dated and now considered offensive. 2049:is now considered derogatory. Although 1537:(Latin for "black") occurs in Latinate 1276:) brings out feelings of pride." (Davis 1049:In 2018, the head of the media company 463:" or "guy". This passage from Ruxton's 395:in American English dates from 1625 in 78:have been increasingly replaced by the 74:. Starting in the 1990s, references to 8527:African-American-related controversies 5617: 5288:from the original on December 20, 2016 5069:from the original on February 10, 2021 4983:Noble, Kenneth B. (January 14, 1995). 4442:from the original on November 23, 2019 4384:from the original on November 11, 2019 4086:from the original on December 18, 2019 4059:from the original on November 12, 2020 4032:from the original on December 15, 2021 4026:"Can educators ever teach the N-word?" 4005:from the original on December 10, 2019 3974:All Souls: A Family Story from Southie 3950:from the original on September 8, 2024 3930:Coleman, Gabriella (October 6, 2015). 3470:. Los Angeles: CQ Press. p. 349. 3047:. Seattle, Wash.: Republican Pub. Co. 3041:"They Are Only "Niggers" in the South" 2753:from the original on November 23, 2017 2352:Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word 1419:, "nigger lover" initially applied to 1338:2010s: increase in use and controversy 445:fur trade in the Western United States 188:in classic works of literature (as in 5741:from the original on December 7, 2022 5434:from the original on December 4, 2019 5252:from the original on December 2, 2016 5088:Woodlee, Yolanda (February 4, 1999). 4430:Leffert, Catherine (March 13, 2019). 4411:from the original on November 5, 2019 4403:Lebel, Jacquelyn (October 28, 2019). 4078:Moulton, Cyrus (September 19, 2019). 3590:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 105–107. 3351:from the original on February 6, 2022 3232:from the original on February 6, 2022 3181:from the original on February 6, 2022 3081:from the original on January 10, 2018 3039:Johnson, Clifton (October 14, 1904). 2832:from the original on February 6, 2006 2719:from the original on October 16, 2019 2680:from the original on October 16, 2019 2427:from the original on January 18, 2024 1476:— Kenneth B. Noble, January 14, 1995 1168:affectionate, a possible instance of 1028:decided to stop teaching a course on 1018:Southern Connecticut State University 692:In names of people, places and things 492:Colored People of Boston and vicinity 122:The origin of the word lies with the 7: 5710:from the original on January 3, 2023 5650:from the original on August 18, 2022 5102:from the original on August 20, 2008 4899:. Intercultural Press. p. 166. 4552:from the original on August 14, 2022 4499:from the original on August 31, 2020 4024:Kaminer, Wendy (February 21, 2012). 3415:from the original on August 16, 2018 3252:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 3016:from the original on January 1, 2023 2620: 2618: 2567: 2565: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2059:, it has largely been supplanted by 1900:adding citations to reliable sources 1762:, an ethnic slur against Arabs, and 1685:referring to Arabs as "sand-niggers" 1281:not hear no white boy say that to me 1143:, and was sentenced to two years of 1116:, a 27-year-old black employee at a 903:In 2011, a new edition published by 874:, captioned "Misto Bradish's nigger" 782:conscripted to fight the Vietnam War 577:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 418:18th- and 19th-century United States 375:metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian 330:, bearing witnes". According to the 6861:(to Japan-affiliated Korean people) 5680:from the original on April 17, 2021 5403:from the original on April 17, 2021 4939:Huckleberry Finn as idol and target 4273:Mele, Christopher (June 23, 2018). 4190:from the original on March 15, 2020 3911:from the original on April 30, 2021 3842:Page, Benedicte (January 5, 2011). 3445:from the original on March 31, 2023 2907:from the original on March 14, 2023 2883:from the original on April 15, 2023 1151:Intra-group versus intergroup usage 1099:. In June 2020, Canadian news host 1095:in Canada and the Madrid campus of 794:No Vietnamese Ever Called Me Nigger 35:For the colloquial slang term, see 6940:American-Born Confused Desi (ABCD) 5559:from the original on June 12, 2023 5386:Etnisyys ja rasismi journalismissa 5055:Wilson, Cherry (October 4, 2020). 5036:from the original on June 11, 2024 5014:McWhorter, John (April 30, 2021). 4995:from the original on March 8, 2021 4873:(2nd ed.). 1996. p. 981. 4707:Diverse Issues in Higher Education 4469:from the original on June 10, 2020 4461:Calabrese, Darren (June 9, 2020). 4316:from the original on June 23, 2018 4285:from the original on June 23, 2018 4254:from the original on June 20, 2022 4182:Dwyer, Colin (February 13, 2018). 3899:Kehe, Marjorie (January 5, 2011). 3723:from the original on July 21, 2015 3661:from the original on March 8, 2022 3051:from the original on July 21, 2011 2782:. Simon and Schuster. p. 82. 2705:. Fordham Univ Press. p. 91. 2550:from the original on June 11, 2024 2538:McWhorter, John (April 30, 2021). 1853:Encyclopedia of American Religions 741:an October 1901 White House dinner 547:The US edition of Joseph Conrad's 195:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 14: 8542:Anti-African and anti-black slurs 5016:"How the N-Word Became Unsayable" 4851:from the original on May 24, 2019 4798:from the original on May 12, 2019 4128:Stein, Matthew (April 11, 2019). 4051:O'Sullivan, Donie (May 5, 2017). 3976:. Random House, Inc. p. 61. 3403:Tesler, Michael (June 25, 2015). 2926:Ruxton, George Frederick (1846). 1405:London Labour and the London Poor 1297:by black people, philosopher and 1256:Kevin Cato, meanwhile, observes: 1239:According to Arthur K. Spears in 1066:The following year, screenwriter 950:Gay Nigger Association of America 169:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 138:. Early attested uses during the 8447:Non-Anglo immigrant to Australia 4936:Arac, Jonathan (November 1997). 4839:Bain, Marc (November 13, 2017). 4573:Colorado Research in Linguistics 4304:Landy, Heather (June 23, 2018). 4240:Harvard, Sarah (March 7, 2019). 4209:Lee, Ella (September 23, 2019). 4105:Patrice, Joe (October 4, 2019). 3999:"Straight talk about the N-word" 3777:The Complete Works of Mark Twain 3773:"Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn" 3749:. March 27, 2013. Archived from 3623:Pilkington, Ed (March 1, 2007). 3250:Henry W. Fowler, Ernest Gowers: 3118:10.1097/00001888-200010000-00016 3012:. November 10, 1859. p. 3. 2930:. University of Oklahoma Press. 2457:Oxford English Dictionary Online 2221:are always extremely pejorative. 1876: 1381: 780:In explaining his refusal to be 233:Woman Is the Nigger of the World 16:Racial slur against black people 7435:Cheese-eating surrender monkeys 5833:. Brooklyn: Noir Verite Press. 5700:"Почему плохо говорить «негр»?" 5646:(in Russian). August 29, 2000. 5458:, 12 ottobre 2012 [IT]" 5424:"Etnisten nimitysten eri sävyt" 5176:. New Page Books. p. 209. 4820:. Musixmatch. December 16, 2015 3868:Twain, Mark (January 7, 2011). 3149:GOONETILLEKE, D.C.R.A. (2011). 2365:With Apologies to Jesse Jackson 1887:needs additional citations for 1829:The World the Slaveholders Made 849:has generally rendered its use 95:mentioned but not directly used 8557:Ethnonyms of African Americans 8032:Jewish-American princess (JAP) 6563:non-Spanish speaking Hispanics 4340:"Why I quit the writer's room" 3680:French, Ron (March 13, 2008). 2699:Peterson, Christopher (2013). 2497:Journal of English Linguistics 2203:can be offensive or at least " 1930:Other languages, particularly 1774:upon other non-white peoples. 1665:Southwest of the United States 1596:is the Latin feminine form of 1568:sounds similar to the English 1262:Black Entertainment Television 1136:, the employee pled guilty to 1037:challenged his professor in a 1008:In addition to Smith College, 889:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 871:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 827:" to save his political life. 784:(1955–75), professional boxer 622:Notes on the State of Virginia 494:. Writing in 1904, journalist 455:" lexicon, without pejorative 111:, whose spelling reflects the 1: 7937:eastern and central europeans 7311:English-speaking Welsh people 5812:University of Minnesota Press 5766:The Oxford English Dictionary 5706:(in Russian). April 8, 2019. 4948:University of Wisconsin Press 4688:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001 3905:The Christian Science Monitor 3437:. Theodore Roosevelt Center, 3286:). Compare Harold R. Isaacs: 2857:Journal of the Early Republic 2639:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001 2097:("colored ") is more neutral. 1729:Front de libération du Québec 1506:Los Angeles Police Department 1093:University of Western Ontario 739:" was written in reaction to 717:1868 US presidential election 698:Use of nigger in proper names 550:The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 533:The Nigger of the "Narcissus" 512:, in the autobiographic book 5791:. New York: Pantheon Books. 3551:. Columbia UP. p. 341. 3512:. Random House. p. 28. 3435:"Niggers in the White House" 3387:10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004 2952:"Language of the Rendezvous" 2055:was the standard term for a 1572:, occurring in biologic and 898:American Library Association 8342:Fresh off the boat / F.O.B. 6598:Central and South Americans 4548:. CBS News. March 9, 2022. 3267:Online etymology dictionary 2289: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2197:) is neutral; nevertheless 1385: 8573: 5773:Fuller, Neely Jr. (1984). 5202:February 20, 2016, at the 4082:. Telegram & Gazette. 3970:MacDonald, Michael Patrick 3545:Rollins, Peter C. (2003). 3439:Dickinson State University 1946:) to highly racist (as in 1849:, a magazine described in 1716:In his 1968 autobiography 1707:'s 1967 essay collection, 1212:denounces the use of both 1160: 1154: 965:Old Colony Housing Project 915:and also removed the word 834: 803:On February 28, 2007, the 737:Niggers in the White House 695: 562:20th-century United States 484:Boston Vigilance Committee 388:Begraafplaats van de Neger 242: 99:linguistic reappropriation 42: 18: 5946: 5806:Smith, Stephanie (2005). 5454:"Accademia della Crusca, 4163:. Inside Higher Education 3657:. New York City Council. 3102:"Life on the Mississippi" 2572:Kennedy, Randall (2002). 2283: 2267: 2255: 2241: 2215: 2209: 2199: 2193: 2187: 1498:O. J. Simpson murder case 1486:One of the first uses of 961:Michael Patrick MacDonald 837:Use of nigger in the arts 490:, posted warnings to the 488:abolitionist organization 332:Oxford English Dictionary 173:Oxford English Dictionary 89:, notably in cases where 8532:African-American society 6952:westernized South Asians 5892:Houghton Mifflin Company 5829:Swan, Robert J. (2003). 5640:"Латыши и гости столицы" 3584:Lemert, Charles (2003). 2983:. Macmillan. p. 272 2558:– via NYTimes.com. 2509:10.1177/0075424211414807 1719:White Niggers of America 1402:newspaper report series 1260:For instance, a show on 1175:In the black community, 991:Arizona State University 638:In the 1980s, the term " 414:in his 1806 dictionary. 371:New York under the Dutch 117:African-American English 20:Not to be confused with 6706:westernized East Asians 6664:westernized East Asians 6049:Black American princess 5850:African American Review 5456:Nero, negro e di colore 5422:Tervonen, Satu (2001). 5319:Jussila, Raimo (1998). 4893:Herbst, Philip (1997). 4649:The Cincinnati Enquirer 3317:African American Review 3311:Sullivan, Nell (1998). 3297:March 31, 2023, at the 3282:, vol. 21, 1963, p. 9 ( 3261:April 26, 2021, at the 1823:, noted for bringing a 1639:has been misinterpreted 1637:. In the US, this word 1633: 1623: 1539:scientific nomenclature 864:1885 illustration from 555:The Children of the Sea 515:Life on the Mississippi 473:abolitionist John Brown 300:ultimately derive from 49:Nigger (disambiguation) 45:N-word (disambiguation) 8537:American English words 8159:Indigenous Australians 5496:on September 24, 2015. 5242:"Volkskrant stijlboek" 5221:June 12, 2013, at the 5206:, joop.nl, 25 mei 2014 5172:G'Zell, Otter (2009). 4465:. The Canadian Press. 4001:. Teaching Tolerance. 3829:July 15, 2020, at the 3045:The Seattle Republican 2774:Hutchinson, Earl Ofari 2301: 2229: 2167: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2105: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2061: 2051: 2043: 2022: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1964:), loaned from French 1838: 1686: 1671:Denotational extension 1660: 1598: 1592: 1533: 1528:Similar-sounding words 1473: 1394:nigger in the woodpile 1369: 1366:Nigger in the woodpile 1335: 1293:Addressing the use of 1291: 1254: 1232:rejects the view that 1163:Ingroups and outgroups 1064: 985:In an academic setting 982: 875: 732: 558: 449:George Fredrick Ruxton 439: 434:slave escaping from a 387: 311: 302: 292: 286: 280: 274: 268: 144:derogatory connotation 8476:non-Jewish boy or man 8091:Rootless cosmopolitan 5884:Asim, Jabari (2007). 5768:(2nd ed.). 1989. 5507:on December 21, 2010. 5464:on September 30, 2019 4788:"Redefining the Word" 4645:"The evolving N-word" 4338:(September 6, 2019). 3375:Journal of Pragmatics 3278:Harold R. Isaacs in: 3077:. November 12, 2008. 2977:Coleman, Jon (2012). 2869:10.1353/jer.2016.0028 2597:Asim, Jabari (2008). 2205:politically incorrect 2014:is always pejorative. 1752:, published the song 1710:The Student as Nigger 1680: 1363: 1179:is often rendered as 1035:College of the Desert 863: 805:New York City Council 743:hosted by Republican 710: 605:civil rights movement 546: 426:Lyrics for the song " 425: 410:spelling in place of 383:African Burial Ground 239:Etymology and history 7364:Scottish Highlanders 7295:Welsh-speaking elite 6345:Hillbilly / Hilljack 6300:of European descent) 4786:(November 9, 2014). 3997:Price, Sean (2011). 3783:on September 9, 2006 3100:Twain, Mark (1883). 2958:on November 19, 2012 2928:Life In the Far West 2741:(January 11, 2001). 2355:, a 2006 documentary 2339:Kaffir (ethnic slur) 2329:List of ethnic slurs 2281:instead recommends " 2175:of the English word 2125:has three variants: 1896:improve this article 1561:seed. The classical 1467:The prosecutor [ 761:, wife of President 752:Booker T. Washington 607:had legitimized the 465:Life in the Far West 262:derive from various 140:Atlantic slave trade 97:. In an instance of 6781:westernized Chinese 5670:"Писатели-призраки" 5122:Kennedy, Randall L. 5095:The Washington Post 4792:The Washington Post 4655:on January 10, 2013 4372:(August 21, 2019). 3880:on January 10, 2011 3813:on January 22, 2007 3753:on January 12, 2012 3409:The Washington Post 3256:entry "nigger (n.)" 2747:The Washington Post 1984:is more widespread. 1701:used by outsiders. 1651:Anthony A. Williams 1617:, derived from the 1606:(black substance). 1563:Latin pronunciation 1378:commercial products 1299:public intellectual 1097:Syracuse University 1076:I Am Not Your Negro 1014:Augsburg University 1001:and a professor at 955:In his 1999 memoir 669:, often spelled as 6692:Chinese and Korean 6228:Redskin/Red Indian 5777:. ASIN B000BVZW38. 5729:ASALE, RAE-; RAE. 5021:The New York Times 4989:The New York Times 4944:Madison, Wisconsin 4585:10.25810/dky3-zq57 4495:. August 9, 2020. 4344:The New York Times 4279:The New York Times 3010:(Washington, D.C.) 2901:Smith ScholarWorks 2544:The New York Times 2461:nigger, n. and adj 2293:, 'dark-skinned'). 1783:Rock N Roll Nigger 1781:used the word in " 1735:in North America. 1687: 1514:Christopher Darden 1479:The New York Times 1469:Christopher Darden 1386:plants and animals 1370: 1266:term of endearment 907:replaced the word 876: 750:, who had invited 748:Theodore Roosevelt 733: 559: 440: 379:Pennsylvania Dutch 306:, the stem of the 278:. Etymologically, 8547:English profanity 8509: 8508: 7967: 7966: 7662:Northern Italians 7120: 7119: 7091: 7090: 7038:Northeast Indians 6918: 6917: 6630: 6629: 5901:978-0-618-19717-0 5840:978-0-9722813-0-0 5821:978-0-8166-4552-7 5798:978-0-375-42172-3 5644:www.kommersant.ru 5591:978-5-94666-678-7 5357:978-951-44-6946-6 4957:978-0-299-15534-6 4906:978-1-877864-97-1 4784:Thompson, Krissah 4676:Language Sciences 3983:978-0-345-44177-5 3943:978-1-78168-983-7 3597:978-0-7456-2871-4 3558:978-0-231-11222-2 3519:978-0-375-42172-3 3127:978-0-486-41426-3 2937:978-0-8061-1534-4 2789:978-0-684-83100-8 2712:978-0-8232-4520-8 2673:978-0-8129-7810-0 2627:Language Sciences 2608:978-0-547-52494-8 2583:978-0-9650397-7-2 2367:", an episode of 2256:литературный негр 1980:, but the use of 1932:Romance languages 1928: 1927: 1920: 1789:used the phrase " 1627:(stingy) and the 1399:Morning Chronicle 959:, Irish-American 566:A style guide to 524:narrative persona 438:, printed in 1851 381:communities; the 200:Quentin Tarantino 161:intra-group usage 154:Because the word 8564: 8502: 8501: 8497:non-Jewish woman 8486: 8480: 8465: 8464: 8451: 8450: 8437: 8436: 8420: 8414: 8401: 8400: 8385: 8384: 8368: 8367: 8351: 8350: 8337: 8330: 8329: 8300: 8293: 8286: 8285: 8274: 8246: 8239: 8232: 8212: 8211: 8207:Pacific Islander 8196: 8195: 8191:Pacific Islander 8180: 8179: 8164: 8163: 8137: 8130: 8123: 8116: 8115: 8100: 8093: 8086: 8085: 8064: 8057: 8056: 8041: 8034: 8027: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7992: 7960: 7959: 7941: 7940: 7927: 7926: 7894: 7887: 7869: 7862: 7861: 7850: 7849: 7834: 7827: 7811: 7804: 7784: 7777: 7770: 7752: 7745: 7727: 7720: 7713: 7712: 7697: 7696: 7683: 7682: 7667: 7666: 7651: 7646: 7639: 7634: 7627: 7611: 7610: 7607:Anglophile Irish 7597: 7596: 7581: 7580: 7577:Anglophile Irish 7567: 7566: 7563:Irish Travellers 7553: 7552: 7548:Irish Travellers 7537: 7536: 7532:Irish Protestant 7523: 7522: 7496: 7478: 7471: 7451: 7444: 7437: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7387: 7369: 7368: 7353: 7352: 7339: 7338: 7323: 7316: 7315: 7300: 7299: 7284: 7283: 7255: 7248: 7228: 7221: 7214: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7186: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7151: 7144: 7131: 7113: 7106: 7096:Southeast Asians 7084: 7066: 7065: 7050: 7043: 7042: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6963: 6956: 6955: 6942: 6929: 6911: 6910: 6884: 6883: 6870: 6863: 6862: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6784: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6710: 6709: 6696: 6695: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6667: 6648: 6639: 6623: 6622: 6609: 6602: 6601: 6588: 6581: 6580: 6567: 6566: 6553: 6552: 6539: 6538: 6525: 6524: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6494: 6481: 6474: 6473: 6458: 6457: 6442: 6441: 6428: 6427: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6319: 6318: 6303: 6302: 6287: 6280: 6260: 6259: 6243: 6242: 6223: 6222: 6199: 6197: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6119: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6051: 6044: 6029: 6015: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5973: 5966: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5910: 5905: 5873: 5844: 5825: 5802: 5783:Kennedy, Randall 5778: 5769: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5623: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5553:www.dexonline.ro 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5503:. Archived from 5497: 5495: 5489:. Archived from 5488: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5460:. Archived from 5450: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5232: 5226: 5213: 5207: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5161:. New York City. 5152: 5146: 5145: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4836: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4651:. Archived from 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4522:. 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Archived from 3769: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3686:The Detroit News 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3504:Kennedy, Randall 3500: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3400: 3391: 3390: 3381:(6): 1047–1057. 3367: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3308: 3302: 3276: 3270: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3197: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3008:The National Era 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2954:. 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Grant 656:African American 640:African American 617:Thomas Jefferson 587:Harold R. Isaacs 451:used it in his " 428:Run, Nigger, Run 390: 359:American English 343:colonial America 314: 305: 295: 289: 283: 277: 271: 211:Django Unchained 88: 58:English language 40: 33: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8561: 8522:1775 neologisms 8512: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8493: 8489: 8472: 8468: 8458: 8454: 8444: 8440: 8427: 8423: 8408: 8404: 8392: 8388: 8375: 8371: 8358: 8354: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8320: 8316: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8270: 8249: 8242: 8235: 8228: 8215: 8203: 8199: 8187: 8183: 8171: 8167: 8155: 8151: 8140: 8133: 8128:Zhyd / Zhydovka 8126: 8119: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8071: 8067: 8060: 8048: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8023: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7984: 7980: 7963: 7948: 7944: 7934: 7930: 7912: 7908: 7897: 7890: 7883: 7872: 7865: 7857: 7853: 7841: 7837: 7830: 7825: 7814: 7807: 7800: 7787: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7755: 7748: 7741: 7730: 7723: 7716: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7686: 7674: 7670: 7658: 7654: 7649: 7642: 7637: 7630: 7625: 7614: 7604: 7600: 7592:Irish Catholics 7588: 7584: 7574: 7570: 7560: 7556: 7544: 7540: 7528: 7526: 7514: 7510: 7499: 7492: 7481: 7474: 7467: 7454: 7447: 7440: 7433: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7390: 7383: 7372: 7360: 7356: 7346: 7342: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7307: 7305:Dic Siôn Dafydd 7303: 7291: 7287: 7275: 7271: 7258: 7251: 7244: 7231: 7224: 7217: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7147: 7140: 7116: 7109: 7102: 7087: 7080: 7069: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7034: 7030: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6966: 6959: 6949: 6945: 6938: 6914: 6902: 6898: 6887: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6860: 6856: 6843: 6836: 6829: 6822: 6815: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6772: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6713: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6661: 6657: 6626: 6616: 6612: 6605: 6595: 6591: 6584: 6574: 6570: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6528: 6516: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6488: 6484: 6477: 6465: 6461: 6449: 6445: 6435: 6431: 6421: 6417: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6364: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6336: 6329: 6322: 6310: 6306: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6276: 6263: 6254:Native American 6250: 6246: 6234:Native American 6230: 6226: 6218:American Indian 6210:Native American 6206: 6202: 6181: 6177: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6138:Queen / Queenie 6136: 6129: 6122: 6110: 6103: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6040: 6024: 6023:North and South 6018: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5983: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5951: 5942: 5937: 5902: 5883: 5880: 5878:Further reading 5862:10.2307/3042395 5847: 5841: 5828: 5822: 5810:. Minneapolis: 5805: 5799: 5781: 5772: 5763: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5744: 5742: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5713: 5711: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5616: 5609: 5607: 5592: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5555:(in Romanian). 5547: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5499: 5493: 5486: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5467: 5465: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5397: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5358: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5291: 5289: 5282:NRC handelsblad 5276: 5273:NRC Handelsblad 5270:Style guide of 5269: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5240: 5234:Style guide of 5233: 5229: 5225:, Taaltelefoon. 5223:Wayback Machine 5214: 5210: 5204:Wayback Machine 5195: 5191: 5184: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5134:10.2307/2999172 5120: 5119: 5115: 5105: 5103: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4958: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4916: 4914: 4907: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4878: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4782:Sheinin, Dave; 4781: 4780: 4776: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4739:on May 17, 2011 4731: 4730: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4407:. 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178:eradicationists 165:hip hop culture 82: 52: 41: 34: 19: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8570: 8568: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8514: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8503: 8487: 8466: 8452: 8438: 8421: 8402: 8386: 8369: 8352: 8338: 8331: 8313: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8301: 8294: 8287: 8275: 8267: 8265: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8240: 8233: 8225: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8214: 8213: 8197: 8181: 8165: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8138: 8131: 8124: 8117: 8101: 8094: 8087: 8065: 8058: 8052:Ashkenazi Jews 8042: 8035: 8028: 8020: 8018: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7977: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7942: 7928: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7895: 7888: 7880: 7878: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7863: 7851: 7835: 7828: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7812: 7805: 7797: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7778: 7771: 7763: 7761: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7753: 7746: 7738: 7736: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7721: 7714: 7708:South Italians 7698: 7684: 7668: 7652: 7647: 7640: 7635: 7628: 7622: 7620: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7598: 7582: 7568: 7554: 7538: 7524: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7489: 7487: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7479: 7472: 7464: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7430: 7428: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7413: 7406: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7388: 7380: 7378: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7354: 7340: 7324: 7317: 7301: 7285: 7279:English people 7268: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7253:Turco-Albanian 7249: 7241: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7208: 7201: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7145: 7137: 7135: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7114: 7107: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7051: 7044: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6974: 6972: 6971:Bengali Hindus 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6957: 6943: 6935: 6933: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6871: 6864: 6853: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6834: 6827: 6820: 6812: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6723: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6697: 6683: 6676: 6669: 6654: 6652: 6645: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6610: 6603: 6589: 6582: 6568: 6554: 6540: 6526: 6520:Newfoundlander 6510: 6503: 6496: 6482: 6475: 6459: 6443: 6429: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6397: 6390: 6383: 6376: 6369: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6334: 6327: 6320: 6304: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6271: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6244: 6224: 6200: 6174: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6120: 6108: 6101: 6094: 6087: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6042:Alligator bait 6037: 6035: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5974: 5967: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5900: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5856:(3): 461–473. 5845: 5839: 5826: 5820: 5803: 5797: 5779: 5770: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5737:(in Spanish). 5721: 5691: 5661: 5631: 5590: 5570: 5540: 5510: 5475: 5445: 5414: 5395: 5375: 5356: 5336: 5329: 5311: 5299: 5263: 5227: 5216:"Neger/zwarte" 5208: 5189: 5183:978-1601630469 5182: 5164: 5147: 5128:(26): 86–96 . 5113: 5080: 5047: 5006: 4975: 4956: 4950:. p. 29. 4928: 4905: 4885: 4876: 4862: 4831: 4809: 4774: 4750: 4724: 4693: 4666: 4635: 4622:dictionary.com 4601: 4563: 4537: 4518:Dan Sullivan. 4510: 4480: 4453: 4422: 4395: 4361: 4336:Mosley, Walter 4327: 4310:Quartz at Work 4296: 4265: 4232: 4201: 4174: 4151: 4120: 4097: 4070: 4043: 4016: 3989: 3982: 3961: 3942: 3922: 3891: 3860: 3834: 3794: 3764: 3734: 3716:dictionary.com 3698: 3672: 3646: 3615: 3596: 3576: 3557: 3537: 3518: 3495: 3476: 3456: 3426: 3392: 3362: 3323:(3): 373–386. 3303: 3271: 3243: 3192: 3161:(2/3): 51–66. 3141: 3126: 3092: 3062: 3031: 3026:newspapers.com 2994: 2969: 2943: 2936: 2918: 2863:(2): 203–245. 2843: 2816:Mencken, H. L. 2807: 2788: 2765: 2730: 2711: 2691: 2672: 2652: 2614: 2607: 2589: 2582: 2561: 2530: 2503:(2): 137–171. 2476: 2438: 2417:"Google Ngram" 2407: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2361: 2356: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2306: 2294: 2234: 2233:is derogatory; 2222: 2180: 2120: 2101:Haitian Creole 2098: 2091:('black ') or 2074: 2036: 2015: 1985: 1926: 1925: 1884: 1882: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1799:Stephen Stills 1787:Elvis Costello 1768:prairie nigger 1672: 1669: 1641:as related to 1629:Middle English 1529: 1526: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1453: 1441:sub-cultures. 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1339: 1336: 1304:said in 2007: 1155:Main article: 1152: 1149: 1122:skull fracture 1118:Dunkin' Donuts 1114:Tampa, Florida 1085:John McWhorter 1046: 1043: 986: 983: 946:Hacker culture 905:NewSouth Books 835:Main article: 832: 829: 798:Robert Lipsyte 763:Herbert Hoover 704: 701: 696:Main article: 693: 690: 684: 681: 658:resembles the 648:Irish American 593:'s 1929 novel 563: 560: 419: 416: 406:suggested the 322:(also spelled 251: 248: 243:Main article: 240: 237: 231:'s 1972 song " 208:and 2012 film 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8569: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8552:English words 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8499: 8498: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8471: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8439: 8434: 8433: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8412: 8407: 8403: 8398: 8397: 8391: 8387: 8382: 8381: 8374: 8370: 8365: 8364: 8357: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8339: 8336: 8332: 8327: 8326: 8319: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8299: 8295: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8273: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8245: 8241: 8238: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8209: 8208: 8202: 8198: 8193: 8192: 8186: 8182: 8177: 8176: 8170: 8166: 8161: 8160: 8154: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8143: 8136: 8132: 8129: 8125: 8122: 8118: 8113: 8112: 8106: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8076: 8070: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8054: 8053: 8047: 8043: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8029: 8026: 8025:Christ killer 8022: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8013: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7990: 7989: 7983: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7970: 7957: 7956: 7953: 7947: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7917: 7911: 7910:Bulgarophiles 7907: 7906: 7904: 7900: 7893: 7889: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7846: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7829: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7817: 7810: 7806: 7803: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7790: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7772: 7769: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7758: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7726: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7710: 7709: 7703: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7688:Sheep shagger 7685: 7680: 7679: 7673: 7669: 7664: 7663: 7657: 7653: 7648: 7645: 7641: 7636: 7633: 7629: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7617: 7608: 7603: 7599: 7594: 7593: 7587: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7555: 7550: 7549: 7543: 7539: 7534: 7533: 7525: 7520: 7519: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7418: 7414: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7366: 7365: 7359: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7341: 7336: 7335: 7329: 7328:Sheep shagger 7325: 7322: 7318: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7302: 7297: 7296: 7290: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7274: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7234: 7227: 7223: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7171: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7153: 7150: 7146: 7143: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7083: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7063: 7062: 7056: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7039: 7033: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6962: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6921: 6908: 6907: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6881: 6876: 6872: 6869: 6865: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6828: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6782: 6778: 6777: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6739: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6707: 6702: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6681: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6637: 6633: 6620: 6615: 6614:Yank / Yankee 6611: 6608: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6590: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6521: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6454: 6448: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6387:Trailer trash 6384: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6321: 6316: 6315: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6299: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6257: 6255: 6249: 6245: 6240: 6239: 6238:First Nations 6235: 6229: 6225: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6214:First Nations 6211: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6106: 6102: 6099: 6095: 6092: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6043: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6021: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5971:Black Diamond 5968: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5927: 5922: 5920: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5903: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5832: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5725: 5722: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5692: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5662: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5627: 5621: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5574: 5571: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5541: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5511: 5506: 5502: 5492: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5468:September 30, 5463: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5446: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5418: 5415: 5402: 5398: 5396:951-44-5486-3 5392: 5388: 5387: 5379: 5376: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5340: 5337: 5332: 5330:951-746-008-2 5326: 5322: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5300: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5274: 5267: 5264: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5237:de Volkskrant 5231: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5193: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5165: 5160: 5159: 5158:Rolling Stone 5151: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5114: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5081: 5068: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5051: 5048: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5010: 5007: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4976: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4929: 4924: 4917:September 24, 4912: 4908: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4889: 4886: 4880: 4877: 4872: 4866: 4863: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4832: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4697: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4670: 4667: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4636: 4624: 4623: 4618: 4616: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4567: 4564: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4530:September 25, 4525: 4521: 4514: 4511: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4454: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4423: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4396: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4354:September 19, 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4297: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4269: 4266: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4236: 4233: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4202: 4189: 4185: 4178: 4175: 4162: 4155: 4152: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4121: 4108: 4101: 4098: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4071: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4044: 4031: 4027: 4020: 4017: 4004: 4000: 3993: 3990: 3985: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3962: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3926: 3923: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3892: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3861: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3795: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3722: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3702: 3699: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3673: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3619: 3616: 3608:September 24, 3603: 3599: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3580: 3577: 3569:September 24, 3564: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3541: 3538: 3530:September 24, 3525: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3496: 3483: 3479: 3477:9781608710089 3473: 3469: 3468: 3460: 3457: 3449:September 12, 3444: 3440: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3206:The Conradian 3203: 3196: 3193: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3096: 3093: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3035: 3032: 3027: 3015: 3011: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2982: 2981: 2973: 2970: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2919: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2844: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2800:September 24, 2795: 2791: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2763:(Book review) 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2692: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2604: 2600: 2593: 2590: 2585: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2531: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2402: 2392: 2389: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2280: 2275: 2263: 2251: 2244: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2071:French creole 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2047: 2046: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1922: 1919: 1911: 1908:December 2023 1901: 1897: 1891: 1890: 1885:This section 1883: 1879: 1874: 1873: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1808:Rolling Stone 1804: 1800: 1796: 1795:Oliver's Army 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1764:timber nigger 1761: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1600: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1585:Sciurus niger 1581: 1580: 1575: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553:; sellers of 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1483: 1481: 1480: 1472: 1470: 1463:Notable usage 1457: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1443:Norman Mailer 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1421:abolitionists 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1362: 1355: 1351:Related words 1350: 1348: 1345: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1330:Richard Pryor 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1244: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1171: 1164: 1158: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089:mission creep 1086: 1082: 1081:James Baldwin 1078: 1077: 1071: 1069: 1068:Walter Mosley 1063: 1058: 1056: 1055:Reed Hastings 1052: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 1003:Smith College 1000: 999:Richard Pryor 992: 984: 981: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 951: 947: 942: 940: 939:Chris Meadows 936: 932: 924: 920: 919: 914: 910: 906: 901: 899: 895: 891: 890: 885: 881: 873: 872: 867: 862: 858: 856: 852: 848: 844: 838: 830: 828: 826: 821: 816: 814: 810: 806: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 757: 753: 749: 746: 742: 738: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 709: 703:Political use 702: 699: 691: 689: 682: 680: 678: 674: 673: 668: 664: 663:Afro-American 661: 657: 653: 652:compound word 649: 645: 641: 636: 634: 633: 628: 624: 623: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 598: 597: 592: 588: 583: 579: 578: 573: 569: 561: 556: 552: 551: 545: 541: 539: 535: 534: 529: 528:Joseph Conrad 525: 521: 517: 516: 511: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 469: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 437: 433: 429: 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Retrieved 2421:Google Ngram 2420: 2411: 2391: 2368: 2350: 2318: 2312: 2274:chernokozhij 2191:(as well as 2176: 2162: 2110: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1961: 1950: 1943: 1935: 1929: 1914: 1905: 1894:Please help 1889:verification 1886: 1850: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1818: 1806: 1791:white nigger 1776: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1739: 1737: 1717: 1715: 1708: 1705:Jerry Farber 1703: 1699:ethnic slurs 1694: 1688: 1681:Graffiti in 1674: 1655: 1646: 1642: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1590: 1583: 1577: 1558: 1550: 1531: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1502:Mark Fuhrman 1487: 1485: 1477: 1474: 1466: 1455: 1446: 1437:, thug, and 1428: 1414: 1410:Henry Mayhew 1403: 1397: 1389: 1371: 1341: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1294: 1292: 1273: 1269: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1246: 1240: 1238: 1233: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1166: 1145:house arrest 1134:plea bargain 1130:manslaughter 1112:In 2021, in 1111: 1101:Wendy Mesley 1074: 1072: 1065: 1060: 1048: 1007: 988: 974: 969:South Boston 956: 954: 943: 923:Alan Gribben 916: 912: 908: 902: 893: 887: 879: 877: 869: 846: 845:of the word 840: 831:Cultural use 817: 813:Grammy Award 808: 802: 793: 786:Muhammad Ali 779: 734: 686: 676: 670: 666: 662: 655: 637: 630: 620: 612: 602: 595: 591:Nella Larsen 581: 575: 565: 554: 548: 537: 531: 513: 508: 499: 491: 477: 470: 464: 453:mountain man 441: 436:slave patrol 411: 407: 404:Noah Webster 397:Rhode Island 392: 366: 362: 350: 340: 335: 323: 319: 317: 297: 259: 255: 253: 224:white nigger 222: 218: 216: 209: 205:Pulp Fiction 203: 193: 185: 181: 177: 155: 153: 148: 133: 127: 121: 106: 102: 90: 84: 75: 72:black people 70:directed at 62: 61: 55: 53: 8111:German Jews 8081:Crypto-Jews 7916:Macedonians 7859:(Mercheros) 7518:Republicans 7410:China Swede 6993:Danchi babu 6906:Benshengren 6742:Ching chong 6643:East Asians 6394:White trash 6077:House Negro 5745:February 1, 5610:December 9, 5278:"Stijlboek" 4999:February 2, 4743:January 23, 4682:: 187–199. 4659:October 14, 3915:February 2, 3884:January 23, 3853:February 2, 3355:February 6, 3236:February 6, 3185:February 6, 3055:January 23, 2633:: 187–199. 2431:January 18, 2290:temnokozhij 2279:Help Needed 2239:: the word 2088:Schwarze/-r 2062:prête-plume 2057:ghostwriter 2002:('black'). 1779:Patti Smith 1760:Sand nigger 1750:John Lennon 1691:denotations 1541:and is the 1425:portmanteau 1356:Derivatives 1302:Cornel West 1230:Keith Allan 1220:. Usage of 1030:hate speech 878:The use of 713:Thomas Nast 627:black pride 572:H.W. Fowler 553:was called 457:connotation 430:", about a 361:spellings, 315:('black'). 229:John Lennon 101:, the term 68:racial slur 30:Niger State 8516:Categories 8153:Blackfella 8135:Żydokomuna 7946:Yestonians 7877:Ukrainians 7693:Sardinians 7678:Sardinians 7672:Sardegnolo 7638:Greaseball 7385:Cheesehead 7198:Mat Salleh 7111:Vietnamese 7074:Pakistanis 6875:Sangokujin 6838:Xiao Riben 6680:Sangokujin 6535:Oklahomans 6500:Half-breed 6366:Peckerwood 6170:Indigenous 6124:Pickaninny 6056:Black Buck 5890:. Boston: 5764:"nigger". 5704:Такие Дела 5600:1041202243 5533:October 9, 5428:Kielikello 5246:Volkskrant 5106:August 17, 4968:August 18, 4556:August 14, 4503:August 26, 3954:August 24, 3665:August 17, 3639:August 17, 3419:August 15, 3155:Conradiana 2757:August 17, 2723:August 18, 2684:August 18, 2403:References 2370:South Park 2344:Blackfella 2284:темнокожий 2268:чернокожий 2183:Portuguese 2094:Farbige/-r 1864:movement. 1858:Neo-Pagans 1841:The editor 1819:Historian 1555:niger seed 1547:homophones 1518:the N-word 1456:The N-word 1374:Niggerhead 1161:See also: 931:Elon James 884:Mark Twain 866:Mark Twain 788:said, "No 765:, invited 759:Lou Hoover 756:First Lady 660:vogue word 510:Mark Twain 478:The term " 347:John Rolfe 190:Mark Twain 126:adjective 85:the N-word 8347:immigrant 8335:Barbarian 8309:Outsiders 8145:Oceanians 8075:Conversos 7955:Estonians 7952:Russified 7819:Spaniards 7809:Serbomans 7656:Polentone 7602:West Brit 7494:Grecomans 7417:Finnjävel 7237:Albanians 7126:Europeans 7104:Filipinos 6892:Taiwanese 6770:Jook-sing 6619:Americans 6549:Americans 6438:Canadians 6298:Bahamians 6159:Uncle Tom 6025:Americans 5978:Boerehaat 5674:newizv.ru 5620:cite book 5030:0362-4331 4771:(11): 44. 4759:Mohr, Tim 4593:1937-7029 3817:March 13, 3787:March 12, 3691:March 13, 3337:1062-4783 3280:Encounter 3218:0951-2314 3167:0010-6356 3020:March 11, 2877:148122937 2836:August 8, 2647:0388-0001 2554:March 22, 2525:144164210 2517:0075-4242 2472:N-word, n 2465:neger, n. 2168:di colore 2152:di colore 2140:di colore 1960:: Негър ( 1958:Bulgarian 1846:Green Egg 1814:Liverpool 1744:, artist 1683:Palestine 1647:niggardly 1619:Old Norse 1611:niggardly 1609:The word 1545:for some 1543:root word 1504:, of the 1494:euphemism 1458:euphemism 1328:... 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