612:
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90:
702:
733:
789:
769:
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459:
70:
305:(2WTs) and very low center of gravity articulated steering 4-wheel tractors. Their designs by various European manufacturers were initially quite simple but effective, allowing them to cross slopes approaching 20%. In the 2000s new designs of wheels and tires, tracks, etc, and incorporation of electronics for better and safer control, allowed these machines to operate on slopes greater than 20% with various implements such as reaper-harvesters, rakes, balers, and transport trailers.
636:
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38:
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In Asian sub-tropical countries, a similar process has begun with the introduction of smaller, lower-tech and much lower-priced 2WTs in the 4-9 horsepower range that can be safely operated in the small, narrow terraces, and are light enough to be lifted and lowered from one terrace to the next. What
584:
times. The majority of the samples fell within the latter periods. However, the study's ability to precisely determine the original construction date remains uncertain, as the results could also reflect subsequent agricultural modifications that affected exposure to sunlight.
393:
to direct water through dry land and increase fertility levels and growth. These terraced farms are found wherever mountain villages have existed in the Andes. They provided the food necessary to support the populations of great Inca cities and religious centres such as
158:
529:
Despite their prevalence, there is a lack of consensus among scholars regarding their construction date. Various theories have been proposed, with Zvi Ron suggesting that their origins date back to ancient times, Finkelstein proposing the
1124:
Martín, Lidia & González
Morales, A & Ojeda, Antonio A.. (2016). Towards a new valuation of cultural terraced landscapes: The heritage of terraces in the Canary Islands (Spain). 26. 499-512. 10.19233/ASHS.2016.31.
317:
crops, and with their small 60-70cm-wide rotovators and special cage wheels are puddling the terraces for transplanted and broadcast rice. Farmers are also using the engines as stationary power sources for powering
1060:
Paudel, G.P., A. McDonald, D.B. Rahut, D.B KC, and S. Justice 2019 Scale-appropriate mechanization impacts on productivity among smallholders: Evidence from rice systems in the mid-hills of Nepal. Land Use Policy
330:-harvester attachments. In Nepal, the low costs of these mostly Chinese-made machines and the increased productivity they produce have meant that this scale-appropriate machinery is spreading across Nepal's
611:
161:
165:
164:
160:
159:
166:
701:
3640:
378:, who adopted them. The terraces were built to make the most efficient use of shallow soil and to enable irrigation of crops by allowing runoff to occur through the outlet.
163:
1243:
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113:
is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective
3783:
596:
474:
present a complex system of terraces covering the landscape from the coastal irrigated plantations to the dry fields in the highlands. These terraces, which are named
560:
periods. Seligman suggested that while some terraces were established in ancient times, the majority of them are more likely to have originated during the Roman and
522:, often found in conjunction with ancient rock-cut agricultural structures including quarries, winepresses, olive oil presses, water holes, lime kilns, roads, and
3035:
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142:
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in the south, are slowly disappearing, but volunteers are helping the farmers both to maintain their traditional methods and for sightseeing purposes.
3374:
293:
It was long held that steep mountain landscapes are not conducive to, or do not even permit, agricultural mechanization. In the 1970s in the
European
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3003:
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162:
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635:
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1236:
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3616:
1045:
1018:
985:
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3731:
3123:
891:
3663:
3349:
3192:
2905:
535:
669:
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3329:
2935:
3829:
3090:
1261:
1229:
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3339:
3213:
3172:
2379:
210:, Africa, and South America. Drier-climate terrace farming is common throughout the Mediterranean Basin, where they are used for
3793:
3324:
2983:
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2740:
926:"The Way of the Beer: Ritual Re-Enactment of History among the Mafa, Terrace Farmers of the Mandara Mountains (North Cameroon)"
506:
3824:
3218:
3182:
3030:
3025:
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2720:
689:
89:
3834:
3359:
2705:
2416:
1911:
1792:
1334:
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3425:
3253:
3248:
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2725:
2700:
717:
2710:
2372:
2224:
301:
farms began mechanizing the management of alpine pastures and harvesting of forage grasses through use of single axle
498:. The water is directed from a river by a duct along a terrace. This set-up was used in steep hilly areas in the UK.
3601:
3591:
3334:
3319:
3298:
3293:
3283:
2750:
2685:
2512:
1824:
1269:
243:
125:. Graduated terrace steps are commonly used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain. Terraced fields decrease both
3430:
3263:
2487:
2127:
1522:
814:
526:. According to Zvi Ron's estimation, these terraces encompass approximately 56% of the open grounds in the area.
523:
370:
for over a thousand years to farm potatoes, maize, and other native crops. Terraced farming was developed by the
1089:
3596:
3344:
3116:
2998:
2584:
2497:
2482:
2437:
2203:
2193:
2065:
2055:
1885:
1623:
1421:
1252:
31:
925:
1322:
415:
3420:
3405:
3288:
3278:
3187:
2925:
2648:
2643:
2534:
2502:
2043:
2018:
1958:
1638:
1579:
1433:
819:
708:
1409:
411:
3655:
3606:
3586:
3303:
3243:
2993:
2978:
2920:
2915:
2670:
2601:
2594:
2411:
2406:
2306:
2117:
1931:
1767:
1742:
1663:
1593:
1572:
1464:
386:
309:
is different from the Alpine use is that these 2WTs are being used for tillage and crop establishment of
2809:
2589:
1993:
1802:
1310:
1199:
U. Davidovich et al., "Archeological
Investigations and OSL Dating of Terraces at Ramat Rahel, Israel",
458:
69:
1457:
542:
and
Edelstein conducted research on terrace systems in the Rephaim valley, proposing that the ones in
3678:
3400:
3054:
2680:
2539:
2492:
2346:
2198:
2155:
2048:
1510:
1356:
826:
775:
553:
478:(chains), are built with stone walls of skillful design, which include attached stairs and channels.
374:
and other peoples of the south-central Andes before 1000 AD, centuries before they were used by the
3778:
3561:
3147:
3109:
2507:
2122:
2112:
1653:
1613:
1586:
1361:
1351:
569:
262:'s father-in-law were designed in terraces to give pleasant and varied views of the Bay of Naples.
251:
207:
146:
3061:
1397:
3788:
3736:
3440:
3354:
3066:
2988:
2814:
2730:
2073:
1782:
1565:
1484:
1143:
956:
573:
265:
Intensive terrace farming is believed to have been practiced before the early 15th century AD in
94:
3157:
3152:
2658:
2631:
2579:
2549:
2170:
1916:
1807:
1628:
1041:
1035:
1014:
981:
975:
948:
548:
519:
435:
323:
302:
239:
1001:
Gwimbe, Samuel Barde (2014). "Ancient
Terraces on Highland Fringes South of the Chad Basin".
3511:
3435:
3410:
3162:
2895:
2853:
2745:
2636:
2544:
2529:
2220:
2107:
1998:
1963:
1938:
1797:
1618:
1006:
940:
642:
577:
561:
447:
2253:
1518:
1371:
3566:
3516:
2870:
2606:
2336:
2160:
2078:
2013:
2008:
1906:
1772:
1643:
1498:
1417:
1330:
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1318:
246:
may have been built on an artificial mountain with stepped terraces, such as those on a
3581:
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2826:
2283:
2175:
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1896:
1658:
1648:
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203:
130:
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1405:
1306:
17:
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2885:
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2432:
2311:
2150:
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1747:
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910:
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274:
259:
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2519:
2477:
2331:
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2316:
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1983:
1926:
1757:
1474:
1187:
Judea and
Samaria: studies in settlement geography, in memory of Dr. Avraham Brawer
618:
565:
557:
443:
410:, terrace farming is known locally as the staircase or ladder farming (in Myanmar:
395:
371:
282:
199:
53:
3556:
3546:
3486:
3415:
3167:
2930:
2865:
2848:
2821:
2794:
2779:
2755:
2626:
2467:
2395:
2341:
2038:
1921:
1860:
1010:
676:
487:
375:
266:
255:
231:
179:
118:
106:
74:
42:
1453:
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are known for their terrace systems which were constructed at the beginning of
37:
3696:
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3177:
3132:
2621:
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2564:
2447:
2165:
2145:
2033:
1845:
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531:
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134:
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2301:
2187:
2003:
1988:
1604:
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1346:
511:
463:
331:
191:
171:
1441:
1221:
1112:
1554:
1470:
1393:
1134:
Whittington, G. (1967-01-01). "Towards a
Terminology for Strip Lynchets".
3526:
3521:
2524:
2351:
2238:
1968:
1943:
1870:
1787:
1777:
836:
680:
622:
247:
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1294:
1147:
3551:
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2880:
2836:
2804:
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2263:
1948:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1558:
1113:
An
Agricultural Wonder: Japan’s Vanishing Terraced Rice Fields (Photos)
960:
626:
491:
407:
390:
298:
126:
114:
62:
1542:
1342:
1183:יהודה ושומרון: פרקים בגיאוגרפיה ישובית, מוקדש לזכרו של אברהם יעקב ברור
3541:
3506:
3476:
3268:
2858:
2784:
2452:
2442:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2180:
1978:
1953:
1901:
1711:
866:
779:
759:
327:
314:
187:
78:
944:
2875:
1726:
977:
Sustainable Land
Management in the Tropics: Explaining the Miracle
809:
795:
661:
505:
457:
427:
382:
365:
360:
350:
310:
278:
215:
183:
156:
98:
88:
82:
68:
58:
52:
46:
36:
326:. Even more recently farmers are experimenting with use of small
2766:
2554:
2213:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1681:
1383:
739:
724:
294:
270:
138:
3105:
2368:
1225:
2364:
1168:
Stories Told by the
Mountains: Cultural Landscape Through Time
470:
Terraced fields are common in islands with steep slopes. The
1181:
Ron, Zvi (1977). "התפוצה של המדרגות החקלאיות בהרי ירושלים".
414:) and the agriculture technique of that kind is known as
892:"On Ancient Terraced Hills, Urbanism Sprouted With Crops"
355:
Diagram showing Inca terrace engineering for agriculture.
334:
and likely into the other countries of the Himalaya and
133:, and may be used to support growing crops that require
381:
The Inca people built on these, developing a system of
933:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
1189:] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: כנען. pp. 210–229.
546:
were built during the Iron Age II, whereas those in
3771:
3755:
3714:
3677:
3654:
3626:
3615:
3449:
3383:
3312:
3201:
3140:
3012:
2956:
2904:
2765:
2669:
2466:
2425:
2282:
2237:
2136:
2100:
2091:
2064:
1884:
1833:
1820:
1735:
1689:
1680:
1603:
1281:
1268:
1034:Molefi Kete Asante; Ama Mazama (26 November 2008).
911:"Mapping precolonial African agricultural systems"
242:. Terracing is also used for sloping terrain; the
269:. Terraces were used by many groups, notably the
1003:African Indigenous Knowledge and the Disciplines
564:periods. A 2014 research study on terraces near
695:Terraced farmland in Peru, adopted by the Inca.
149:because of the significance of this technique.
1005:. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. pp. 45–61.
924:Genest, Serge; Muller-Kosack, Gerhard (2003).
3117:
2380:
1237:
534:, and Feig, Stager, and Harel suggesting the
518:Ancient terraces are a common feature in the
494:). An example of an ancient Lynch Mill is in
8:
832:Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
143:Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
3623:
3124:
3110:
3102:
2387:
2373:
2365:
2097:
1830:
1686:
1278:
1244:
1230:
1222:
3375:North Bengal Medical College and Hospital
1072:"Terrace cultivation | agriculture"
3784:Cities and towns in Darjeeling district
3763:Cities and towns in Darjeeling district
3259:Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park
1170:(in Hebrew). Resling. pp. 176–184.
858:
592:
490:, a terrace was also called a "lynch" (
363:, farmers have used terraces, known as
572:(OSL), yielded dates ranging from the
1161:
1159:
1157:
7:
3355:Southfield (formerly Loreto) College
3073:
3193:Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)
3085:
794:Rice cultivation, Lower Himalayas,
3370:Himalayan Mountaineering Institute
2936:Environmental impact of irrigation
1040:. SAGE Publications. p. 328.
170:Farmers working on rice terraces (
27:Terrain formed by tiered platforms
25:
1262:Offshore geotechnical engineering
570:Optically Stimulated Luminescence
432:100 Selected Terraced Rice Fields
145:have been designated as a UNESCO
3577:Tibetan Refugee Self Help Centre
3350:Victoria Boys' School (Kurseong)
3214:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
3173:Gorkha National Liberation Front
3084:
3072:
3060:
3049:
3048:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1479:
1469:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1370:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1037:Encyclopedia of African Religion
787:
767:
747:
731:
716:
700:
688:
668:
649:
641:Tetang Village terraced fields,
634:
610:
595:
3804:Villages in Darjeeling district
3799:People from Darjeeling district
3004:Agriculture and the environment
2741:British Agricultural Revolution
1217:Terrace Fields around the World
1136:The Agricultural History Review
3219:Jore Pokhri Wildlife Sanctuary
3183:Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council
2948:Climate change and agriculture
2721:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1:
3360:Darjeeling Government College
1912:Mechanically stabilized earth
3628:Darjeeling Sadar subdivision
3426:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
3254:Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary
2726:Arab Agricultural Revolution
1664:Hydraulic conductivity tests
1201:Journal of Field Archaeology
1166:Rubin, Rehav (Buni) (2018).
980:. Routledge. pp. 145–.
3715:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
2225:Stress distribution in soil
1011:10.1007/978-94-6209-770-4_6
707:Terraced hay fields in the
3851:
3592:Mag-Dhog Yolmowa Monastery
3320:University of North Bengal
3294:Demographics of Darjeeling
3284:Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary
2686:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
1375:Pore pressure measurement
974:Fred Zaal (1 April 2016).
738:Jatiluwih rice terrace in
244:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
29:
3045:
3036:Universities and colleges
2654:Universities and colleges
2459:
2402:
2128:Preconsolidation pressure
1523:Standard penetration test
1259:
881:they are Broad flat steps
815:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
182:are used widely in rice,
3830:Agricultural terminology
3641:Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri
3345:Goethals Memorial School
3021:Agriculturist profession
2498:Agricultural engineering
2483:Agricultural cooperative
1624:California bearing ratio
1422:Rotary-pressure sounding
1253:Geotechnical engineering
1090:"Farming Like the Incas"
675:Terraced field in Kabal
524:agricultural watchtowers
406:In mountainous areas of
32:Terrace (disambiguation)
3421:Transport in Darjeeling
3406:Happy Valley Tea Estate
3289:Singalila National Park
3188:Darjeeling Municipality
2926:Agricultural wastewater
2649:Sustainable food system
2644:Sustainable agriculture
2535:Animal-free agriculture
2503:Agricultural technology
2044:Geosynthetic clay liner
2019:Expanded clay aggregate
1639:Proctor compaction test
1580:Crosshole sonic logging
1566:Nuclear densometer test
1323:Geo-electrical sounding
1076:Encyclopedia Britannica
820:Yuanyang County, Yunnan
711:basin during the 1930s.
709:Upper Mississippi River
656:Terraced fields in the
416:လှေခါးထစ်စိုက်ပျိုးနည်း
258:, the villa gardens of
41:Terraced fields in the
3794:Hill stations in India
3587:Bhutia Busty Monastery
3416:Economy of West Bengal
3304:Chowrasta (Darjeeling)
3141:History and government
3026:Agricultural machinery
2984:History of agriculture
2969:Agriculture by country
2964:Agricultural machinery
2921:Agricultural pollution
2916:Agricultural expansion
2691:Austronesian expansion
2602:Mechanised agriculture
2307:Earthquake engineering
2118:Lateral earth pressure
1743:Hydraulic conductivity
1594:Wave equation analysis
1573:Exploration geophysics
1465:Deformation monitoring
1434:Rotary weight sounding
909:Widgren, Mats (2009).
602:Cultivation terraces,
515:
467:
359:In the South American
356:
175:
102:
86:
66:
50:
18:Terraces (agriculture)
3825:Agricultural terraces
3617:Community development
3431:Katihar–Siliguri line
3384:Economy and Transport
3031:Government ministries
2974:Agriculture companies
2810:Convertible husbandry
2488:Agricultural supplies
2438:Agricultural Engineer
1485:Settlement recordings
1410:Rock control drilling
1311:Cone penetration test
1203:37, 3 (2012): 192-208
867:"World Heritage List"
509:
461:
412:mm:လှေခါးထစ်တောင်ယာ
354:
169:
92:
73:Rice terraces of the
72:
56:
40:
3835:Artificial landforms
3679:Siliguri subdivision
3656:Kurseong subdivision
3401:Pattabong Tea Garden
3365:St. Joseph's College
2681:Neolithic Revolution
2540:Cellular agriculture
2493:Agricultural science
2347:Agricultural science
2049:Cellular confinement
1094:Smithsonian Magazine
827:Banaue Rice Terraces
776:Banaue Rice Terraces
121:is therefore called
93:Rice terrace in the
30:For other uses, see
3636:Darjeeling Pulbazar
3562:Tendong Lho Rumfaat
3330:St. Joseph's School
3325:Mount Hermon School
3148:Darjeeling district
2239:Numerical analysis
2123:Overburden pressure
2113:Pore water pressure
1893:Shoring structures
1768:Reynolds' dilatancy
1669:Water content tests
1654:Triaxial shear test
1614:Soil classification
1587:Pile integrity test
898:. 2 September 1997.
756:Batad Rice Terraces
552:were linked to the
520:Jerusalem Mountains
462:Terraced fields in
252:Villa of the Papyri
222:, and other crops.
208:Mediterranean Basin
147:World Heritage Site
3737:Matigara-Naxalbari
3441:Darjeeling Ropeway
2815:Rotational grazing
2731:Columbian exchange
2214:Slab stabilisation
2194:Stability analysis
896:The New York Times
574:Hellenistic period
516:
468:
357:
332:Himalaya Mountains
303:two-wheel tractors
176:
103:
95:Fukuoka Prefecture
87:
67:
51:
3812:
3811:
3710:
3709:
3340:St. Paul's School
3158:History of Bengal
3153:History of Sikkim
3099:
3098:
2659:Urban agriculture
2632:Rice-duck farming
2580:Intensive farming
2550:Extensive farming
2362:
2361:
2233:
2232:
2209:Sliding criterion
2171:Response spectrum
2087:
2086:
1917:Pressure grouting
1816:
1815:
1676:
1675:
1629:Direct shear test
1335:Permeability test
1061:85(2019):104-113.
1047:978-1-5063-1786-1
1020:978-94-6209-770-4
987:978-1-317-04776-6
617:Rice terraces in
538:. Archaeologists
532:Middle Bronze Age
342:In specific areas
250:. At the seaside
240:3rd millennium BC
206:, as well as the
167:
57:Rice terraces in
16:(Redirected from
3842:
3624:
3436:Bagdogra Airport
3411:Tourism in India
3249:Darjeeling Sadar
3234:Observatory Hill
3163:History of Nepal
3126:
3119:
3112:
3103:
3088:
3087:
3076:
3075:
3064:
3052:
3051:
2896:Wildlife farming
2746:Green Revolution
2697:Ancient history
2637:Rice-fish system
2545:Contract farming
2530:Animal husbandry
2389:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2221:Bearing capacity
2108:Effective stress
2098:
1999:Land reclamation
1939:Land development
1834:Natural features
1831:
1798:Specific storage
1687:
1619:Atterberg limits
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1483:
1473:
1458:Screw plate test
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1374:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1279:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1031:
1025:
1024:
998:
992:
991:
971:
965:
964:
930:
921:
915:
914:
906:
900:
899:
888:
882:
880:
878:
877:
863:
791:
771:
751:
735:
723:Rice terrace in
720:
704:
692:
672:
653:
643:Mustang District
638:
614:
599:
466:, Canary Islands
446:in the north to
168:
21:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3767:
3751:
3706:
3673:
3650:
3646:Rangli Rangliot
3618:
3611:
3567:Maghe Sankranti
3445:
3379:
3308:
3197:
3136:
3130:
3100:
3095:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3008:
2999:Poultry farming
2952:
2907:
2900:
2871:Poultry farming
2761:
2737:Modern history
2717:Post-classical
2665:
2664:
2663:
2607:Organic farming
2462:
2461:
2457:
2421:
2398:
2393:
2363:
2358:
2337:Earth materials
2278:
2240:
2229:
2138:
2132:
2083:
2060:
2014:Earth structure
2009:Erosion control
1907:Ground freezing
1897:Retaining walls
1880:
1822:
1812:
1773:Angle of repose
1731:
1672:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1559:Visible bedrock
1511:Simple sounding
1499:Shear vane test
1275:instrumentation
1274:
1272:
1264:
1255:
1250:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1000:
999:
995:
988:
973:
972:
968:
945:10.2307/3556793
928:
923:
922:
918:
908:
907:
903:
890:
889:
885:
875:
873:
865:
864:
860:
855:
806:
799:
792:
783:
772:
763:
752:
743:
736:
727:
721:
712:
705:
696:
693:
684:
673:
664:
654:
645:
639:
630:
615:
606:
600:
591:
504:
484:
456:
424:
404:
349:
344:
291:
232:Yemen Highlands
228:
226:Ancient history
157:
155:
117:. This type of
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3848:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3817:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3602:Mahakal Temple
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Ghum Monastery
3579:
3574:
3572:Chotrul Duchen
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3396:Terrace fields
3393:
3391:Darjeeling tea
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3335:Loreto Convent
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3299:Mahakal Temple
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:related topics
3131:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3106:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2827:Insect farming
2824:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2706:Ancient Greece
2703:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2284:Related fields
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2204:Classification
2201:
2196:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2176:Seismic hazard
2173:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1803:Shear strength
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1778:Friction angle
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Oedometer test
1656:
1651:
1649:Sieve analysis
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1537:
1535:Total sounding
1526:
1525:
1514:
1513:
1502:
1501:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1461:
1460:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1436:
1425:
1424:
1413:
1412:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1338:
1337:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1302:
1301:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1211:External links
1209:
1206:
1205:
1192:
1173:
1153:
1142:(2): 103–107.
1126:
1117:
1105:
1081:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1026:
1019:
993:
986:
966:
939:(4): 642–643.
916:
901:
883:
857:
856:
854:
851:
850:
849:
844:
842:Terrace garden
839:
834:
829:
824:
823:
822:
812:
805:
802:
801:
800:
793:
786:
784:
782:, Philippines.
773:
766:
764:
762:, Philippines.
753:
746:
744:
737:
730:
728:
722:
715:
713:
706:
699:
697:
694:
687:
685:
674:
667:
665:
655:
648:
646:
640:
633:
631:
616:
609:
607:
601:
594:
590:
587:
544:Khirbet er-Ras
510:Terraces near
503:
500:
483:
480:
472:Canary Islands
455:
454:Canary Islands
452:
430:, some of the
423:
420:
403:
400:
348:
345:
343:
340:
290:
289:Recent history
287:
227:
224:
204:southeast Asia
154:
151:
131:surface runoff
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3847:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:Manebhanjyang
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:Sivalik Hills
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Kangchenjunga
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3093:
3092:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3047:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Meat industry
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:Biotechnology
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2906:Environmental
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:Sheep farming
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Dairy farming
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2767:Farming Types
2764:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Ancient Egypt
2699:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Paludiculture
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2513:Biotechnology
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Agriculturist
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:Geomorphology
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
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2250:
2247:
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2219:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
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2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Consolidation
2154:
2152:
2151:Frost heaving
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2096:
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2090:
2080:
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2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:Geosynthetics
2027:
2025:
2024:Crushed stone
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Cut-and-cover
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
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1898:
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1832:
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1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:Water content
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
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1472:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
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1450:
1447:
1446:Sample series
1443:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1403:
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1399:
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1340:
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1328:
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1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1270:Investigation
1267:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1215:
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1193:
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1177:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1160:
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1118:
1115:(Nippon.com)
1114:
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1064:
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1030:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
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989:
983:
979:
978:
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962:
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954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
927:
920:
917:
912:
905:
902:
897:
893:
887:
884:
872:
868:
862:
859:
852:
848:
847:Terraced wall
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
803:
797:
790:
785:
781:
777:
770:
765:
761:
757:
750:
745:
741:
734:
729:
726:
719:
714:
710:
703:
698:
691:
686:
682:
678:
671:
666:
663:
659:
658:Upper Mustang
652:
647:
644:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
608:
605:
598:
593:
588:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:Second Temple
551:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
527:
525:
521:
513:
508:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
481:
479:
477:
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421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
367:
362:
353:
347:South America
346:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
313:, wheat, and
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
260:Julius Caesar
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
96:
91:
84:
80:
76:
71:
64:
60:
55:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3597:Peace Pagoda
3482:Yolmo/Yamloo
3395:
3089:
3077:
3065:
3053:
2941:Overdrafting
2890:
2800:Goat farming
2711:Ancient Rome
2617:Permaculture
2575:Horticulture
2520:Agroforestry
2478:Agribusiness
2332:Biogeography
2327:Hydrogeology
2317:Soil science
2297:Geochemistry
2056:Infiltration
1984:Cut and fill
1973:
1927:Soil nailing
1793:Permeability
1758:Bulk density
1475:Inclinometer
1398:Ram sounding
1283:
1200:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1120:
1108:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1056:
1036:
1029:
1002:
996:
976:
969:
936:
932:
919:
913:. p. 5.
904:
895:
886:
874:. Retrieved
870:
861:
742:, Indonesia.
619:Hoang Su Phi
566:Ramat Rachel
547:
543:
528:
517:
485:
475:
469:
431:
425:
405:
396:Machu Picchu
380:
372:Wari culture
364:
358:
307:
292:
264:
229:
180:paddy fields
177:
122:
110:
104:
3557:Devil Dance
3279:Rock Garden
3168:British Raj
3091:Wikiproject
2931:Overgrazing
2866:Pig farming
2849:Paddy field
2822:Hydroponics
2795:Fur farming
2780:Aquaculture
2775:Agrivoltaic
2756:Monoculture
2677:Prehistory
2627:Polyculture
2448:Farm worker
2426:Occupations
2396:Agriculture
2342:Archaeology
2066:Foundations
2039:Geomembrane
1922:Slurry wall
1861:Water table
1825:Interaction
1821:Structures
1808:Sensitivity
1605:Laboratory
677:Swat valley
488:Old English
320:water pumps
267:West Africa
256:Herculaneum
190:farming in
119:landscaping
107:agriculture
75:Hani people
43:Jabal Haraz
3819:Categories
3779:Darjeeling
3772:Categories
3747:Phansidewa
3727:Darjeeling
3697:Phansidewa
3487:Miji/Damai
3244:Tiger Hill
3178:Gorkhaland
3133:Darjeeling
2957:Categories
2622:Plantation
2570:Free range
2565:Feed ratio
2199:Mitigation
2181:Shear wave
2166:Earthquake
2161:Compaction
2146:Permafrost
2137:Phenomena/
2034:Geotextile
1959:Embankment
1949:Excavation
1886:Earthworks
1846:Vegetation
1841:Topography
1763:Thixotropy
1753:Void ratio
1736:Properties
1634:Hydrometer
1379:Piezometer
1299:Core drill
1099:2015-09-20
876:2012-09-22
853:References
660:region of
604:Walkerburn
496:Lyme Regis
336:Hindu Kush
281:, and the
236:Bronze Age
137:, such as
135:irrigation
45:region of
3789:Himalayas
3722:Kalimpong
3702:Kharibari
3692:Naxalbari
3607:Chowrasta
3313:Education
3274:Sandakphu
3229:Jalapahar
3224:Katapahar
3202:Geography
2989:Livestock
2832:Livestock
2560:Farmhouse
2322:Hydrology
2302:Petrology
2190:analysis
2188:Landslide
2093:Mechanics
2004:Track bed
1989:Fill dirt
1974:Terracing
1547:Trial pit
1362:Statnamic
1347:Load test
953:0001-9720
562:Byzantine
512:Ein Karem
464:La Gomera
448:Kagoshima
440:日本の棚田百選一覧
387:aqueducts
324:threshers
212:vineyards
200:southwest
178:Terraced
172:Indonesia
123:terracing
3756:Template
3742:Siliguri
3732:Kurseong
3687:Matigara
3669:Kurseong
3527:Buddhism
3522:Hinduism
3055:Category
2881:Orchards
2854:Pastoral
2525:Agronomy
2352:Agrology
2241:software
2139:problems
1969:Causeway
1944:Landfill
1871:Subgrade
1788:Porosity
1783:Cohesion
1148:40273237
837:Satoyama
804:See also
681:Pakistan
623:Ha Giang
568:, using
549:Ein Yael
536:Iron Age
514:, Israel
442:), from
436:Japanese
248:ziggurat
220:cork oak
3537:Chhurpi
3532:Wai-wai
3512:Bengali
3450:Culture
3079:Commons
2891:Terrace
2837:Pasture
2805:Grazing
2751:Organic
2671:History
2585:animals
2508:Digital
2468:General
2412:History
2407:Outline
2292:Geology
2264:SVSlope
2074:Shallow
1994:Grading
1932:Tieback
1876:Subsoil
1866:Bedrock
1856:Topsoil
1851:Terrain
1644:R-value
1607:testing
1357:Dynamic
1284:in situ
1282:Field (
961:3556793
627:Vietnam
589:Gallery
582:Ottoman
492:lynchet
482:England
476:cadenas
408:Myanmar
402:Myanmar
391:puquios
366:andenes
299:pasture
238:in the
218:trees,
127:erosion
115:farming
111:terrace
63:Vietnam
3619:blocks
3552:Chhang
3542:Thukpa
3517:Nepali
3507:Gorkha
3477:Bhutia
3472:Lepcha
3462:Sherpa
3457:Tamang
3269:Phalut
3067:Portal
2908:impact
2859:Bocage
2785:Cattle
2453:Herder
2443:Farmer
2274:Plaxis
2269:UTEXAS
2259:SVFlux
2249:SEEP2D
2101:Forces
1954:Trench
1902:Gabion
1712:Gravel
1352:Static
1146:
1044:
1017:
984:
959:
951:
871:UNESCO
780:Ifugao
760:Ifugao
578:Mamluk
540:Gibson
502:Israel
389:, and
383:canals
328:reaper
315:potato
202:, and
188:barley
141:. The
79:Yunnan
3664:Mirik
3502:Limbu
3497:Newar
3492:Kamai
3013:Lists
2876:Ranch
2844:Mixed
2595:crops
2417:Index
2254:STABL
1727:Loess
1690:Types
1185:[
1144:JSTOR
957:JSTOR
929:(PDF)
810:Anden
796:Nepal
662:Nepal
558:Roman
444:Iwate
428:Japan
422:Japan
361:Andes
311:maize
283:Dogon
279:Gwoza
216:olive
196:south
184:wheat
99:Japan
83:China
59:Sa Pa
47:Yemen
3547:Momo
2590:pigs
2555:Farm
2079:Deep
1722:Loam
1717:Peat
1707:Sand
1702:Silt
1697:Clay
1682:Soil
1384:Well
1042:ISBN
1015:ISBN
982:ISBN
949:ISSN
774:The
754:The
740:Bali
725:Bali
580:and
556:and
434:(in
376:Inca
322:and
295:Alps
275:Ngas
271:Mafa
230:The
192:east
186:and
153:Uses
139:rice
129:and
109:, a
3467:Rai
1964:Cut
1273:and
1007:doi
941:doi
778:in
758:in
576:to
486:In
426:In
254:in
105:In
77:in
3821::
2223:*
1156:^
1140:15
1138:.
1092:.
1074:.
1013:.
955:.
947:.
937:73
935:.
931:.
894:.
869:.
679:,
625:,
621:,
438::
418:.
398:.
385:,
338:.
297:,
285:.
277:,
273:,
214:,
198:,
194:,
97:,
81:,
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3118:t
3111:v
2388:e
2381:t
2374:v
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1823:(
1286:)
1245:e
1238:t
1231:v
1150:.
1102:.
1078:.
1050:.
1023:.
1009::
990:.
963:.
943::
879:.
798:.
683:.
629:.
368:,
174:)
101:.
85:.
65:.
49:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
