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properties, bounded by lines of discontinuity. A plateau or a hill can be observed at various scales, ranging from a few hundred meters to hundreds of kilometers. Hence, the spatial distribution of landforms is often scale-dependent, as is the case for soils and geological strata.
995:
Igstar, cxvellie (2017), Howard, Jeffrey (ed.), "Anthropogenic
Landforms and Soil Parent Materials", Anthropogenic Soils, Progress in Soil Science, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 25–51, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54331-4_3, ISBN 978-3-319-54331-4, retrieved 2022-08-12
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cameras. Until recently, compiling the data found in such data sets required time consuming and expensive techniques involving many man-hours. The most detailed DEMs available are measured directly using
514:
Elementary landforms (segments, facets, relief units) are the smallest homogeneous divisions of the land surface, at the given scale/resolution. These are areas with relatively homogeneous
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Hargitai Hetal. (2015) Classification and
Characterization of Planetary Landforms. In: Hargitai H (ed) Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms. Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3
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are parts of a high-order landforms that can be further identified and systematically given a cohesive definition such as hill-tops, shoulders,
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Page D (2015) The
Geology of Planetary Landforms. In: Hargitai H (ed) Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms. Springer.
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is the study of terrain, although the word is often used as a synonym for relief itself. When relief is described
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Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as elevation, slope, orientation, structure
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619:(geographical proper names) of individual landform objects (mountains, hills, valleys, etc.) are called
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Some generic landform elements including: pits, peaks, channels, ridges, passes, pools and plains.
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791: – Hole at the top of a sea-cave which allows waves to force water or spray out of the hole
637:(DEM) using some automated techniques where the data has been gathered by modern satellites and
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907:, Progress in Soil Science, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 25–51,
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Robert A. MacMillan; David H. McNabb; R. Keith Jones (September 2000).
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factors can also influence landforms—for example, note the role of
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are the four major types of landforms. Minor landforms include
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Landforms do not include several man-made features, such as
753: – Study of the region between the ocean and the land
856:
Szabó, József; Dávid, Lóránt; Lóczy, Dénes, eds. (2010).
291:) elements including various kinds of inland and oceanic
732: – Feature of the solid surface of a planetary body
741: – Type of anthropogenic effect on the environment
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
694: – Changes to a shoreline by accretion and erosion
823: – Transport of sediment to the beach environment
785: – Erosion of hard substrates by living organisms
668: – Links to Knowledge (XXG) articles on landforms
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779: – Natural processes that remove soil and rock
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901:"Anthropogenic Landforms and Soil Parent Materials"
167:feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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747: – Displacement of land along the coastline
27:Feature of the solid surface of a planetary body
899:Howard, Jeffrey (2017), Howard, Jeffrey (ed.),
604:The scientific study of landforms is known as
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8:
295:and sub-surface features. Mountains, hills,
152:called Cono de Arita constitutes a landform.
803: – Narrow flat area created by erosion
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1012:. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press.
797: – Arch-shaped natural rock formation
771: – U.S. nonprofit organization (CERF)
769:Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
479:) is the third or vertical dimension of
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503:are used to describe relief, including
458:exemplify the highest-order landforms.
327:showing physical features of a rolling
215:, including submerged features such as
718: – Belt of sand along a shoreline
662: – Scientific study of landforms
954:from the original on 11 October 2023.
171:. Landforms together make up a given
7:
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700: – Sediment replacement process
680: – Person who studies landforms
58:adding citations to reliable sources
829: – Coastal management practice
759: – Branch of civil engineering
577:; and geographic features, such as
325:Great Smoky Mountains National Park
633:Landforms may be extracted from a
522:A number of factors, ranging from
339:, and a backdrop of the old, much
25:
835: – Aspect of coastal erosion
712: – Emergent coastal landform
312:
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509:triangulated irregular networks
175:, and their arrangement in the
45:needs additional citations for
1:
730:Coastal and oceanic landforms
466:, foreslopes and backslopes.
1050:Open-Geomorphometry Project
913:10.1007/978-3-319-54331-4_3
859:Anthropogenic Geomorphology
739:Coastal development hazards
704:Modern recession of beaches
686:Beach erosion and accretion
331:, actually part of a broad
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344:Appalachian mountain range
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868:10.1007/978-90-481-3058-0
231:Physical characteristics
827:Sand dune stabilization
821:Coastal sediment supply
635:digital elevation model
763:Coastal morphodynamics
542:in the development of
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1006:Room, Adrian (1996).
815:Deposition (sediment)
666:Glossary of landforms
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1666:Geographical feature
1502:Volcanic crater lake
558:in the formation of
501:different techniques
351:Hierarchy of classes
183:. Landforms include
54:improve this article
947:National Geographic
905:Anthropogenic Soils
757:Coastal engineering
642:aerial surveillance
629:Recent developments
599:terrestrial planets
379:
378:Landforms by Order
724:Coastal management
550:, and the work of
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1586:Artificial island
1492:Submarine volcano
1401:Continental shelf
1368:coastal landforms
1164:Continental plain
1099:List of landforms
922:978-3-319-54331-4
877:978-90-481-3057-3
801:Wave-cut platform
751:Coastal geography
698:Beach nourishment
460:Landform elements
449:
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203:features such as
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16:(Redirected from
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1517:Volcanic plateau
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142:Salar de Arizaro
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660:Geomorphology
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43:This article
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1507:Volcanic dam
1204:Alluvial fan
1089:
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982:. Retrieved
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945:
936:
926:, retrieved
904:
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858:
851:
795:Natural arch
716:Strand plain
710:Raised beach
649:techniques.
639:stereoscopic
632:
620:
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548:salt marshes
546:systems and
521:
516:morphometric
513:
495:is used. In
481:land surface
480:
476:
471:
468:
450:
323:Panorama of
234:
225:ocean basins
179:is known as
157:
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138:conical hill
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1366:Oceanic and
1106:Mountainous
560:coral reefs
497:cartography
491:, the term
443:Gokhur Lake
360:Karst tower
293:waterbodies
1682:Categories
1664:See also:
1579:Artificial
1487:Lava field
1406:Coral reef
1234:Floodplain
984:2008-06-26
942:"Landform"
928:2022-08-12
843:References
833:Submersion
783:Bioerosion
587:grasslands
540:vegetation
536:Biological
532:deposition
493:bathymetry
489:underwater
485:Topography
456:continents
439:Sand Dunes
435:Waterfalls
395:Continents
386:Landforms
335:, distant
269:peninsulas
209:peninsulas
181:topography
110:April 2012
80:newspapers
69:"Landform"
1693:Landscape
1688:Landforms
1641:Reservoir
1532:Wall rock
1482:Lava dome
1441:Peninsula
1351:Ice field
1308:Waterfall
1171:Ice sheet
1150:Tableland
1090:landforms
965:Room 1996
886:251582329
613:onomastic
573:and many
409:Mountains
341:weathered
337:foothills
289:mountains
273:volcanoes
221:volcanoes
201:shoreline
189:mountains
177:landscape
150:Argentina
1601:Building
1565:Sandhill
1555:Dry lake
1460:Volcanic
1446:Seamount
1128:Mountain
952:Archived
789:Blowhole
653:See also
617:toponyms
595:Universe
417:Plateaus
297:plateaux
158:landform
1542:Aeolian
1527:Volcano
1467:Caldera
1421:Isthmus
1411:Estuary
1391:Channel
1346:Glacier
1318:Glacial
1256:Meander
1224:Channel
1196:Fluvial
1140:Plateau
1000:Sources
777:Erosion
672:Terrain
622:oronyms
583:forests
579:deserts
575:harbors
528:erosion
499:, many
473:Terrain
464:saddles
445:, etc.
427:Valleys
261:valleys
197:valleys
193:canyons
173:terrain
94:scholar
1651:Tunnel
1636:Quarry
1631:Polder
1596:Bridge
1570:Tundra
1550:Desert
1472:Geyser
1426:Lagoon
1416:Island
1331:Cirque
1303:Valley
1293:Strait
1271:Rapids
1244:island
1214:Canyon
1186:Tundra
1181:Steppe
1155:Valley
1016:
919:
884:
874:
585:, and
567:canals
552:corals
477:relief
452:Oceans
413:Plains
405:Second
399:Oceans
368:Guilin
333:valley
305:buttes
301:plains
299:, and
265:rivers
257:cliffs
253:ridges
245:mounds
211:, and
195:, and
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1626:Levee
1616:Ditch
1606:Canal
1477:Guyot
1396:Coast
1376:Atoll
1341:Fjord
1336:Esker
1326:Arête
1298:Swamp
1286:mouth
1281:delta
1276:River
1261:Oasis
1251:Levee
1229:Cliff
1209:Beach
1176:Plain
1145:Ridge
1133:range
1113:Butte
1086:Earth
882:S2CID
647:LIDAR
591:Earth
571:ports
556:algae
431:Peaks
423:Third
391:First
383:Order
372:China
329:plain
285:hills
281:lakes
277:ponds
249:hills
241:berms
185:hills
146:Salta
136:This
101:JSTOR
87:books
1646:Road
1560:Dune
1386:Cape
1266:Pond
1239:Lake
1219:Cave
1123:Hill
1118:Flat
1014:ISBN
917:ISBN
872:ISBN
554:and
544:dune
530:and
507:and
475:(or
454:and
397:and
287:vs.
279:vs.
213:seas
205:bays
165:land
73:news
1611:Dam
1381:Bay
1088:'s
909:doi
864:doi
611:In
526:to
140:in
56:by
1684::
950:.
944:.
915:,
903:,
880:.
870:.
862:.
625:.
608:.
601:.
581:,
569:,
562:.
511:.
483:.
441:,
437:,
433:,
429:,
415:,
411:,
370:,
366:,
283:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
255:,
251:,
247:,
243:,
227:.
219:,
207:,
191:,
187:,
156:A
148:,
144:,
1078:e
1071:t
1064:v
1022:.
987:.
911::
888:.
866::
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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