1368:
211:
1356:
1314:
1380:
346:. In July 1950, the Abbey church of Tokwon was destroyed by American bombs. From 1949 to 1952 14 monks and two sisters were executed after harsh imprisonment and torture. During the same period, 17 monks and two sisters died of starvation, illness, hard physical labour and bad living conditions in the camps. Abbot-Bishop Boniface Sauer died on 1 February 1950, in a prison in
383:
289:
When the
Vicariate Apostolic of Seoul was divided in 1920, the monks of the Abbey of St Benedict took charge of the newly created Vicariate Apostolic of Wonsan. By 1927, the original monastery in Seoul was closed, the community of around forty monks having relocated to Tokwon. Between 1927 and 1928,
321:
came to an end, the Abbey of Tokwon fell under the control of Soviet occupying forces. Though the monastery was for a time used to quarter soldiers, eventually monastic life was permitted to resume. By the time Soviet forces withdrew in 1949, there were around 60 monks at the Abbey of Tokwon (25 of
463:, just 70 km (43 mi) northwest of the abbey, and other prison camps in North Korea and subjected to torture and inhuman treatment because of their faith. Christians in North Korea can practice their faith only in secret and in constant fear of discovery and punishment.
282:. Following the model used in their African monasteries, lay brothers established a carpentry shop and a trade school, while priests busied themselves with pastoral work and education. With the arrival of more monks from Europe, the monastery was raised to the status of an
1432:
1090:
369:
during the wave of anti-Christian persecution under the rule of Kim Il Sung. The process is entitled “beatification Abbot Bishop
Boniface Sauer (O.S.B.), Fr. Benedict Kim (O.S.B.) and companions”.
773:
1134:
455:
of Tokwon
Territorial Abbey, but he is not allowed to visit North Korea. Since the 1950s there are no priests or Catholic communities in Tokwon Territorial Abbacy or any other
693:
1437:
1462:
829:
1452:
313:. As Abbot of Tokwon, Boniface Sauer became the ordinary of the territorial abbacy, while at the same time he was charged with being the apostolic administrator of
1472:
1393:
350:, ahead of the execution of all senior monks in October 1950. In January 1954, the surviving 42 German monks and sisters were repatriated to Germany via the
1087:
723:
668:
610:
251:
since 1949 made any church activity in the abbacy impossible. However the
Territorial Abbacy of Tokwon is formally still kept as one of the few remaining
1100:
984:
1442:
1152:
1127:
339:
248:
1457:
1081:
527:
1467:
1167:
748:
1253:
1231:
1221:
1195:
1120:
781:
701:
1264:
1201:
1106:
472:
1216:
1211:
1206:
591:
314:
210:
1103:– Report to emphasize the urgent need to respond to mass killings, arbitrary imprisonment, torture and related international crimes
1042:
1259:
1178:
425:
1274:
1269:
1236:
1226:
291:
1012:
1333:
1328:
1173:
1323:
1290:
247:, the community transferred to Tokwon in the 1920s to take charge of the newly created Apostolic Vicariate of Wonsan. The
1346:
1372:
290:
the monks built a minor and major seminary to train indigenous secular priests, while from 1929 to 1931 a church in the
404:
1447:
879:
297:
In 1940, the
Territorial Abbacy of Tokwon was created, covering the cities of Wonsan (where Tokwon is located) and
1143:
460:
428:
was built on the premises of the abbey. The abbey's remaining buildings (former church and seminary and former
164:
477:
452:
72:
351:
343:
1109:– Eyewitness accounts of severe violations of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion in North Korea
1384:
275:
232:
393:
535:
1360:
1318:
397:
587:
294:
was constructed. Around this time, the community began to cultivate local monastic vocations.
252:
225:
855:"Main building of Wŏnsan Agricultural University, the former German Benedictine abbey Tŏgwon"
1088:
Missionary
Benedictines of St. Ottilien: The Martyrs of Tokwon: Historical Preliminary Notes
1094:
256:
128:
1020:
1053:
803:
557:
362:
171:
909:
326:) and around 20 sisters of the Tutzing Congregation in a monastery in nearby Wonsan.
1426:
934:
497:
440:
358:
342:
occupied the monastery, arrested all monks and sisters and moved them to prisons and
323:
268:
318:
189:
1433:
Asian
Monasteries of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien
959:
1107:
U.S. Commission on
International Religious Freedom: Thank you father Kim Il Sung
448:
335:
240:
64:
1313:
1097:– Detailed biographies for the beatification of 36 martyrs from Abbey of Tokwon
985:"North Korea: A case to answer, a call to act; section H. Persecution (p. 52)"
433:
138:
1408:
1395:
1112:
1101:
Christian
Solidarity Worldwide: North Korea: A case to answer – a call to act
286:
on May 15, 1913. Fr
Boniface Sauer, OSB, became the community's first abbot.
347:
228:
887:
854:
935:"North Korean Martyrs, the first process for beatification gets underway"
498:"North Korean Martyrs, the first process for beatification gets underway"
456:
429:
306:
298:
366:
302:
236:
88:
439:
In 1952, some surviving Benedictine monks and sisters founded a new
444:
310:
283:
279:
244:
1050:
U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, November 2005
749:"The Martyrs of Tokwon: A Chronology of the Martyrdoms (German)"
271:
1116:
558:"Catholic Dioceses in the World by Type: Territorial Abbacies"
376:
1082:
UCA News: Diocesan Directory: Territorial Abbacy of Tokwon
880:"St. Maurus and St. Placidus' Abbey, Waegwan, South Korea"
276:
Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien
233:
Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien
753:
Missionary Benedictines of St. Ottilien, June 10, 2011
728:
Missionary Benedictines of St. Ottilien, June 10, 2011
673:
Missionary Benedictines of St. Ottilien, June 10, 2011
615:
Missionary Benedictines of St. Ottilien, June 10, 2011
1344:
960:"Korea, for a reconciliation between North and South"
669:"The Martyrs of Tokwon: Historical Preliminary Notes"
1283:
1245:
1187:
1159:
203:
195:
185:
180:
170:
160:
152:
144:
134:
124:
119:
111:
100:
95:
83:
71:
59:
54:
21:
528:"Diocesan Directory: Territorial Abbacy of Tokwon"
459:in North Korea. Many Christians are imprisoned in
830:"Former Tokwon Church & Seminary (Wonsan)"
1128:
1013:"50,000 Christians imprisoned in North Korea"
724:"The Martyrs of Tokwon: Biographies (2-part)"
611:"The Martyrs of Tokwon: Biographies (1-part)"
199:Apostolic Administrator Abbot Blasio Park OSB
8:
584:The Benedictine Congregation of St. Ottilien
40:
1043:"Thank You Father Kim Il Sung (p. 40 - 42)"
914:Giga-Catholic Information, January 15, 2012
562:Giga-Catholic Information, January 14, 2012
28:
1135:
1121:
1113:
209:
18:
1438:Roman Catholic monasteries in North Korea
1463:Roman Catholic cathedrals in North Korea
249:persecution of Christians in North Korea
1351:
1084:– Portrait of Tokwon Territorial Abbacy
778:Religion and Spirituality, May 28, 2007
774:"N. Korea martyrs slated for sainthood"
663:
661:
605:
603:
586:. St Ottilien: EOS Verlag. p. 35.
489:
1453:Roman Catholic dioceses in North Korea
522:
520:
518:
357:In May 2007 the process began for the
1473:Religion in Korea under Japanese rule
1153:Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea
694:"Destroyed Church in Wonsan Vicinity"
7:
992:Christian Solidarity Worldwide, 2007
451:. Today the abbot of Waegwan is the
910:"Territorial Abbacy of Tokwon (덕원)"
808:Flickr Photo Sharing, March 6, 2008
243:. Founded as a monastic mission in
78:Immediately subject to the Holy See
804:"Wonsan University of Agriculture"
473:Freedom of religion in North Korea
14:
31:Territorialis Abbatia Tokvonensis
1378:
1366:
1354:
1312:
426:Wonsan University of Agriculture
381:
1443:Benedictine monasteries in Asia
16:Monastery in modern North Korea
1334:Catholic Church in South Korea
1329:Catholic Church in North Korea
407:and remove irrelevant content.
334:In May 1949 under the rule of
1:
1458:Kangwon Province, North Korea
1291:Military Ordinariate of Korea
1017:Vatican Radio, April 15, 2011
582:Sieber, OSB, Godfrey (1992).
405:relocate relevant information
58:
1468:1940 establishments in Korea
652:The Benedictine Congregation
637:The Benedictine Congregation
400:on an aspect of the subject.
215:Territorial Abbacy of Tokwon
156:Tokwon Abbey of St. Benedict
1299:Territorial Abbey of Tŏkwon
884:Inkama Abbey, April 2, 2011
461:Yodok political prison camp
315:Hamhung apostolic vicariate
235:, located near the town of
23:Territorial Abbey of Tŏkwon
1489:
1144:Catholic dioceses in Korea
859:Panoramio, October 5, 2008
365:from the Abbey of Tokwon,
340:Ministry of State Security
1307:
1150:
208:
50:
41:
1409:39.194006°N 127.373825°E
532:UCA News, August 2, 2006
939:Asia News, May 25, 2007
502:Asia News, May 25, 2007
478:Order of Saint Benedict
453:apostolic administrator
436:use by the university.
361:of the 36 North Korean
73:Ecclesiastical province
1319:Catholicism portal
1168:Archdiocese of Gwangju
352:Trans-Siberian Railway
29:
1414:39.194006; 127.373825
1373:Roman Catholic Church
1222:Diocese of P’yŏngyang
1059:on September 16, 2012
1324:Apostolic Nunciature
1254:Archdiocese of Daegu
1232:Diocese of Uijeongbu
1196:Archdiocese of Seoul
1023:on September 8, 2012
698:Willibrord’s Gallery
441:monastery in Waegwan
292:neo-Romanesque style
1405: /
1265:Diocese of Cheongju
1202:Diocese of Chunchon
1160:Province of Gwangju
964:30 days, March 2006
443:, near the town of
394:a different subject
338:, the North Korean
1448:Territorial abbeys
1217:Diocese of Incheon
1212:Diocese of Hamhŭng
1207:Diocese of Daejeon
1093:2014-10-17 at the
432:) are probably in
267:In February 1909,
253:territorial abbeys
181:Current leadership
1342:
1341:
1295:
1260:Diocese of Andong
1246:Province of Daegu
1188:Province of Seoul
1179:Diocese of Jeonju
784:on March 14, 2013
538:on April 18, 2012
422:
421:
373:Current situation
301:and the counties
219:
218:
1480:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1317:
1316:
1293:
1275:Diocese of Busan
1270:Diocese of Masan
1237:Diocese of Wonju
1227:Diocese of Suwon
1137:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1052:. Archived from
1047:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1019:. Archived from
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
989:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
931:
925:
924:
922:
920:
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
890:on June 10, 2004
886:. Archived from
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
800:
794:
793:
791:
789:
780:. Archived from
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
720:
714:
713:
711:
709:
704:on July 18, 2012
700:. Archived from
690:
684:
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679:
665:
656:
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641:
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623:
621:
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579:
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572:
570:
568:
554:
548:
547:
545:
543:
534:. Archived from
524:
513:
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508:
494:
417:
414:
408:
385:
384:
377:
344:internment camps
213:
103:- Catholics
67:
45:
44:
43:
34:
32:
19:
1488:
1487:
1483:
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1479:
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1423:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1399:
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1379:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1311:
1303:
1279:
1241:
1183:
1174:Diocese of Jeju
1155:
1146:
1141:
1095:Wayback Machine
1078:
1073:
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932:
928:
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903:
893:
891:
878:
877:
873:
863:
861:
853:
852:
848:
838:
836:
834:Wikimapia, 2011
828:
827:
823:
813:
811:
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797:
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772:
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757:
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659:
649:
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629:
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363:Servants of God
332:
265:
257:Catholic Church
239:in what is now
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172:Secular priests
148:12 January 1940
129:Catholic Church
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63:
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25:
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1388:
1387:
1385:Modern history
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1076:External links
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810:. 6 March 2008
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413:September 2022
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1294:(South Korea)
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993:
986:
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965:
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936:
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927:
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689:
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664:
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658:
654:. p. 38.
653:
650:Sieber, OSB.
646:
643:
639:. p. 37.
638:
635:Sieber, OSB.
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593:3-88096-645-1
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390:This section
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359:beatification
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87:Tokwon (near
86:
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66:
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53:
49:
36:
33:
20:
1390:
1298:
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1194:
1166:
1061:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1049:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
1016:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
991:
979:
967:. Retrieved
963:
954:
942:. Retrieved
938:
929:
917:. Retrieved
913:
904:
892:. Retrieved
888:the original
883:
874:
862:. Retrieved
858:
849:
837:. Retrieved
833:
824:
812:. Retrieved
807:
798:
786:. Retrieved
782:the original
777:
768:
756:. Retrieved
752:
743:
731:. Retrieved
727:
718:
706:. Retrieved
702:the original
697:
688:
676:. Retrieved
672:
651:
645:
636:
630:
618:. Retrieved
614:
583:
577:
565:. Retrieved
561:
552:
540:. Retrieved
536:the original
531:
505:. Retrieved
501:
492:
438:
423:
410:
403:Please help
398:undue weight
391:
356:
333:
319:World War II
296:
288:
266:
222:Tokwon Abbey
221:
220:
165:St. Benedict
161:Patron saint
125:Denomination
84:Metropolitan
77:
42:천주교 덕원자치수도원구
26:
1412: /
1400:127°22′26″E
1361:North Korea
1027:January 11,
997:January 11,
969:January 10,
944:January 10,
919:January 19,
894:January 19,
864:January 19,
839:January 19,
814:January 19,
788:January 19,
758:January 19,
733:January 19,
708:January 10,
678:January 19,
620:January 19,
567:January 19,
542:January 19,
507:January 19,
449:South Korea
336:Kim Il Sung
278:arrived in
255:within the
241:North Korea
226:Benedictine
145:Established
120:Information
65:North Korea
1427:Categories
1397:39°11′38″N
484:References
263:Foundation
139:Roman Rite
101:Population
96:Statistics
348:Pyongyang
330:Martyrdom
229:monastery
153:Cathedral
1091:Archived
1063:April 2,
467:See also
367:martyred
112:Churches
55:Location
1347:Portals
457:diocese
434:secular
430:rectory
396:or has
307:Chonnae
299:Munchon
274:of the
231:of the
190:Francis
107:unknown
60:Country
1284:Others
590:
324:Korean
303:Anbyon
269:German
237:Wonsan
224:was a
89:Wonsan
1057:(PDF)
1046:(PDF)
988:(PDF)
445:Daegu
322:them
317:. As
311:Kowon
284:abbey
280:Seoul
272:monks
245:Seoul
196:Abbot
1065:2012
1029:2012
999:2012
971:2012
946:2012
921:2012
896:2012
866:2012
841:2012
816:2012
790:2012
760:2012
735:2012
710:2012
680:2012
622:2012
588:ISBN
569:2012
544:2012
509:2012
424:The
309:and
186:Pope
176:none
135:Rite
115:none
447:in
204:Map
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