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compliance with the benchmark, the rate of students receiving special education in Texas fell to 8.5% in 2015, far below the national average of 13%. School districts implemented a wide range of practices to reduce the number of students, including cutting services for certain children with autism and dyslexia, refusing to conduct eligibility evaluations in other languages, and refusing to accept medical records from other countries. Students who are
English Language Learners (ELL) also faced a disproportionate impact resulting in a 20% difference in the rate of ELL students getting special education services compared to native speakers. In
2668:
measures in Texas following the Robb
Elementary School tragedy. It highlights the efforts and trainings by the Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC) and outlines specific actions for school districts to improve safety and security. These actions include reviewing and updating Emergency Operations Plans, training staff, conducting safety assessments, and ensuring compliance with state laws. The letter also mandates random inspections to test security measures and calls for legislative support to secure necessary resources. The overall goal is to instill a culture of constant vigilance and accountability across all Texas schools.
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stated that further actions were necessary before the next school year. Abbott called for the creation of a Chief of School Safety and
Security within the Texas Education Agency (TEA) to coordinate efforts across various agencies and divisions, ensuring effective implementation of safety policies and best practices. This position was to report directly to the Commissioner and have a direct line to the Governor’s Office, enhancing communication and collaboration without duplicating existing work. Abbott underscored the collective responsibility to provide a safe environment for all students, educators, and staff.
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policies and best practices across Texas. Scott, who has an extensive background in security and intelligence, will report directly to
Commissioner Mike Morath and have a direct line to the Governor’s Office. He will coordinate safety efforts among multiple state agencies and school districts. Governor Abbott has also outlined significant actions to support the Uvalde community and enhance school safety statewide, including financial investments, mental health services, and legislative initiatives.
715:
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outcomes. We align school safety and security expertise with guidance provided through technical assistance to ensure effective best practices are implemented across the state. The Office of School Safety and
Security is divided in the monitoring and technical assistance division and the school readiness division.
938:, the state's largest school district, after the 8.5% goal was met the standard was lowered to 8%. As a result, the district cut hundreds of special education positions, postponed diagnostic evaluations to second grade, and created a list of disqualifying factors that keep students from getting services.
941:
TEA issued a no-bid contract for $ 4.4 million to SPEDx in 2017 to analyze student records to assist with the overhaul of its special education practices. Advocates raised concerns about the lack of a competitive bidding process and the
Georgia-based company's qualifications, and a former TEA special
918:
or appointed board if the elected members are "not getting their job done and they're not pleasing the
Legislature or the citizens, then we ought to take) a thorough look at what they are doing." In 2010, Al Jezeera stated that it was "drafting its own version of American history", including altering
1890:
TEA rates schools and districts using the same four criteria. According to the TEA, the number of state schools and districts receiving the top ratings of "exemplary" and "recognized" increased from 2,213 in 2005 to 3,380 in 2006. In 2020, all schools were given a "not rated" designator due to the
945:
In 2018, the U.S. Department of
Education found that "Texas violated federal law by failing to ensure students with disabilities were properly evaluated and provided with an adequate public education." A multi-year strategic plan was released in 2018. In a grant application to the agency, TEA stated
2688:
The mission of the Office of School Safety and
Security is to build the capacity of the regional education service centers (ESCs) and local education agencies (LEAs) to promote the physical and psychological well-being of students and staff - recognizing that safer schools positively impact student
1463:
Since 2011, the board can still recommend textbooks, but public school districts can order their own books and materials even if their selections are not on the state-approved list. So far, most districts have continued to follow the state-endorsed textbooks, but that trend is expected to change in
848:
performance, financial distress, or mismanagement). This can be in the form of requiring the district to submit corrective action plans and regular status reports, assigning monitors to oversee operations (including the authority to assign a management board, which essentially replaces and performs
2680:
In a letter dated June 9, 2022, to
Commissioner Morath, Governor Abbott emphasized the urgent need to prevent future tragedies like the one in Uvalde by enhancing school safety measures. Despite the comprehensive school safety and mental health legislation passed in 2019 and subsequent efforts, he
2676:
A statutory addition from HB3 charged the agency with establishing the Office of School Safety and Security - a division consisting of individuals with substantial expertise and experience in school or law enforcement safety and security operations. The passage of this bill created Texas Education
1491:
bloc. Ratliff said in 2013 that the board is "far different" in political complexion that it was in 2010. In 2022, the GOP captured an additional seat, bringing their total to 10 of the 15-member board. Many are social conservatives, campaigning against critical race theory and gender identity
2684:
Governor Greg Abbott announced the appointment of John P. Scott as the new Chief of School Safety and Security within the Texas Education Agency (TEA) on October 3. This position was created following the tragedy at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde to ensure the implementation of school safety
2667:
After the Uvalde school shooting, Governor Greg Abbott instructed state school safety and education officials to conduct random assessments on access control in Texas public and charter schools. In a letter dated June 1, 2022, Gov. Abbott emphasized the need to enhance and expand school safety
933:
found that since at least 2004, TEA denied special education services to thousands of students, prompting a federal investigation. State education officials set an arbitrary limit of 8.5% for the number of students who could receive special education services. By strictly enforcing district
3398:
1446:
The other half will have a 4-4-2 cycle, whereupon the seat would stand for election in four years (the year ending in 6), followed by another four-year cycle (the year ending in 0) but then the seat would stand for election in only two years (the year ending in
1855:
To serve the large number of individual school districts and charter schools in Texas, TEA is divided into 20 regions, each containing an Education Service Center (ESC, sometimes called regional service center or regional education service center).
807:
in Texas did not operate schools but spent money to send children to schools operated by other districts. In the late 1940s, state lawmakers passed a bill abolishing those districts, prompting a wave of mass school district consolidation.
859:
In addition to primary and secondary education, TEA has oversight duties with respect to driver's education courses (initial permits) and defensive driving courses (used to have a ticket dismissed and/or for lower insurance premiums).
872:
resigned as the director of the science curriculum after more than nine years. Comer said that her resignation was a result of pressure from officials who claimed that she had given the appearance of criticizing the teaching of
3406:
957:
The current commissioner of education is Mike Morath. A former member of the Dallas Independent School District's board of trustees, he was appointed commissioner of education by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott on December 14, 2015.
843:
Although school districts are independent governmental entities, TEA has the authority to oversee a district's operations (either involving an individual school or the entire district) if serious issues arise (such as poor
1903:
In addition to the state ranking, districts and schools can be awarded additional commendations (referred to as Gold Performance acknowledgements) for other noteworthy accomplishments not included in the ranking system.
487:
4557:
1873:
The assistance applies to both districts and schools, including charter schools. Notably, the ESCs have no regulatory authority over districts or schools (TEA headquarters reserves this right to itself).
4500:
4370:
4460:
692:
296:
4647:
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4218:
601:
1920:. The agency's budget must be approved on the legislature's biannual schedule. Revenues for the agency come from the state general fund (primarily sales taxes), the federal government, the
949:
In September 2020, in the midst of several attempts to place Houston ISD under state control, TEA investigators recommended a state-appointed conservator be selected to oversee the district.
4390:
3848:
300:
1877:
ESCs are not political units, and as such have no taxing authority. They are funded by state and federal funding, as well as by contracts made with individual districts and schools.
4275:
1443:
One-half will have a 2-4-4 cycle, whereupon the seat would stand for election in two years (the year ending in 4), followed by two four-year cycles (the years ending in 8 and 2).
574:
372:
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596:
458:
2736:. Accessed August 30, 2008. "The daily hearings schedule is also posted in the lobby of the William B. Travis State Office Building, 1701 N. Congress Avenue, Austin, Texas."
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ProPublica, By Lomi Kriel, The Texas Tribune and ProPublica, Alejandro Serrano, The Texas Tribune, and Lexi Churchill, The Texas Tribune and (January 18, 2024).
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The commissioner's role is to lead and manage the Texas Education Agency. The commissioner also co-ordinates efforts between state and federal agencies.
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Letter to Dr. Kathy Martinez-Prather, Director of the Texas School Safety Center, calling for immediate school safety review of Texas public schools
682:
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623:
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267:
53:
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856:(UIL), which oversees academic and athletic interscholastic competition in Texas public schools, is a separate entity not under TEA oversight.
678:
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school textbooks to remove what it said was a "left-leaning bias" and making changes that are said to have "religious and racial overtones".
686:
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100:
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4305:
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4078:
3938:
3789:
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1440:
Once the SBOE meets in session after said election, the members will participate in a drawing to determine their election cycle:
1426:
645:
330:
320:
880:
In 2009, the board received criticism from more than 50 scientific organizations over an attempt to weaken science standards on
4632:
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4335:
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315:
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the duties of the elected school board), and in extreme cases closure of a school campus or even the entire school district.
729:
276:
57:
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4170:
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1132:
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TEA is responsible for the oversight of public primary and secondary education in the state of Texas, involving over
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68:
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46:
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616:
448:
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3526:
3772:
2938:
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1022:
3557:""Cascading failures": Justice Department blasts law enforcement's botched response to Uvalde school shooting"
3705:
https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/leadership/state-board-of-education/sboe-board-members/sboe-member-district-8
158:
The main offices of the Texas Education Agency are located in the William B. Travis State Office Building in
4140:
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915:
3113:
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the next two years as the districts become more cognizant of their available options. Thomas Ratliff, a
1457:
1456:
The board devises policies and sets academic standards for Texas public schools, and oversees the state
1429:. Terms are four years in length, with one two-year term each decade. Similar to the arrangement of the
1219:
502:
492:
4180:
946:
that they will not be able to ensure adequate services for special education students until June 2020.
3462:
4610:
3928:
3868:
3370:
1422:
TEA is overseen by a 15-member State Board of Education (SBOE) elected from single-member districts.
824:. It is also responsible for the safety of students. However, it does not have any jurisdiction over
719:
554:
544:
497:
1437:
In elections in years ending in 2 (the election after the Census), all 15 seats are up for election.
776:
in the United States. The agency is headquartered in the William B. Travis State Office Building in
93:
4160:
3658:. Retrieved from https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/press/O-MartinezPratherKathy202206012051_1.pdf
2719:. Accessed December 13, 2015. "Texas Education Agency 1701 N. Congress Avenue Austin, Texas, 78701"
1924:(a sovereign wealth fund created by the state with revenues from public lands), and other sources.
1365:
765:
519:
2850:
4155:
911:
874:
1859:
Under Chapter 8 of the Texas Education Code, ESCs perform the following tasks on behalf of TEA:
4196:
3428:
3765:
3604:
3575:
3140:"Texas is preparing to tell the feds it can't promise a special education fix until June 2020"
1917:
1892:
942:
education director filed a federal complaint about TEA violating state procurement processes.
929:
889:
845:
3738:
899:
829:
769:
708:
914:
said that the government should "take a look" at the structure of the board and consider a
893:, a documentary film about the re-election of the chairman of the Texas Board of Education
153:
3776:
3114:"In new plan, Texas Education Agency vows special education overhaul with limited dollars"
2876:
869:
804:
777:
159:
2659:* Budget figure is projection; all other years are actual expenditure as reported by TEA
3760:
3754:
253:
17:
3671:. Retrieved from https://gov.texas.gov/uploads/files/press/O-MorathMike202206090810.pdf
2795:
2790:
1913:
1249:
1230:
1206:
825:
821:
3320:
3192:"TEA finds major failures in HISD's special ed department, recommends state oversight"
1863:
Assist school districts in improving student performance in each region of the system;
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3998:
2907:
1849:
1139:
1102:
1080:
1058:
1051:
1029:
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1001:
559:
211:
192:
2984:"Denied: How Texas keeps out tens of thousands of children out of special education"
1433:, SBOE members are divided into two groups based in part on the intervening Census:
4124:
3724:
3088:"Disability rights advocates call for Texas to halt education data mining contract"
1480:
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1008:
223:
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1383:
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205:
35:
3166:"State judge temporarily blocks Texas from taking over Houston school district"
3714:
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1256:
907:
789:
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3036:
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2983:
3009:"Denied: Schools push students out of special education to meet state limit"
1916:, at the direction of their elected legislature and with the consent of the
881:
3597:"Read the Justice Department Report on the Uvalde School Shooting Response"
670:
3732:
897:
and the curriculum controversy, was released. In late January 2013, PBS's
703:
1866:
Enable school districts to operate more efficiently and economically; and
2956:"Feds say Texas illegally failed to educate students with disabilities"
3669:
Letter to Commissioner Mike Morath on enhancing school safety measures
1869:
Implement initiatives assigned by the legislature or the commissioner.
4532:
District of Columbia Office of the State Superintendent of Education
3062:"Denied: Houston schools block disabled kids from special education"
141:
3682:"Governor Abbott Announces New Chief Of School Safety And Security"
1453:
As such, every two years, about half of the SBOE is on the ballot.
3814:
2903:"Straus: Look at changing state school board elections—maybe more"
1843:
773:
788:'s board of trustees, was appointed commissioner of education by
1844:
4200:
3785:
2712:
1487:, a former education board chairman who was the leader of the
29:
795:
on December 14, 2015, and began serving on January 4, 2016.
3527:"Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2016"
3495:"Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2018"
3463:"Texas Education Agency Operating Budget Fiscal Year 2020"
3037:"Denied: Texas schools shut out English Language Learners"
1912:
The Texas Education Agency is funded by the people of the
217:
Martin Winchester, Deputy Commissioner of Educator Support
27:
Education branch of the government of Texas, United States
3748:
244:
2747:"Morath takes office as Texas Commissioner of Education"
963:
4166:
Office of Court Administration/Texas Judicial Council
4648:
State departments of education of the United States
4540:
4524:
4263:
4235:
4133:
4112:
3826:
1460:and selects textbooks to be used in Texas schools.
239:
229:
Megan Aghazadian, Deputy Commissioner of Operations
198:
187:
179:
171:
166:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3521:
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3489:
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3455:
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2707:
2705:
3246:"Dallas Trustee is Next Education Commissioner"
3214:
3212:
2791:"Evolution Debate Led to Ouster, Official Says"
3849:Dept. of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services
2780:. February 22, 2011. Retrieved on May 9, 2011.
818:1,000 individual school districts in the state
4212:
3797:
3429:"Enrollment in Texas Public Schools, 2017-18"
2772:Chopping block: school district consolidation
737:
8:
3580:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
134:
2819:"State science curriculum director resigns"
4219:
4205:
4197:
3859:School for the Blind and Visually Impaired
3804:
3790:
3782:
3753:
1840:List of Education Service Centers in Texas
1496:
744:
730:
261:
252:
220:Kara Belew, Deputy Commissioner of Finance
152:
1127:Interim November 1, 1984 – April 12, 1985
311:History of education in the United States
232:Melody Parrish, Chief Information Officer
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
4254:Department of Defense Education Activity
3629:Agency, Texas Education (June 4, 2024).
2949:
2947:
1942:Enrollment % change over prior year
1926:
1848:Education Service Center Region XIII in
1329:Interim July 2, 2007 – October 15, 2007
1316:
1118:
4653:Government agencies established in 1949
4229:education agencies in the United States
3919:Dept. of Family and Protective Services
3368:Will Weissert, "Law weakens ed board",
3190:Carpenter, Jacob (September 30, 2020).
2701:
1498:SBOE officers, committees, and members
661:
435:
343:
288:
275:
3964:Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs
3879:Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner
3573:
3534:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3502:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3470:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3436:State of Texas, Texas Education Agency
3338:"End poor guidance of Texas education"
133:
4243:United States Department of Education
3031:
3029:
2978:
2976:
2855:National Center for Science Education
2713:Welcome to the Texas Education Agency
336:History of education in New York City
326:History of education in Massachusetts
7:
4593:
4186:State Commission on Judicial Conduct
4171:Office of Capital and Forensic Writs
3944:Health and Human Services Commission
2677:Code, Section. 37.1083 and 37.1084.
2672:Office of School Safety and Security
903:aired an abridged version the film.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4044:Residential Construction Commission
3954:Higher Education Coordinating Board
3894:Commission on Environmental Quality
3244:Collier, Kiah (December 14, 2015).
2827:. November 29, 2007. Archived from
1939:Enrollment (for school year ending)
927:A series of reports in 2016 by the
226:, Deputy Commissioner of Governance
214:, Deputy Commissioner for Academics
3399:"Schools improve across the state"
3086:Swaby, Aliyya (December 6, 2017).
2954:Swaby, Aliyya (January 11, 2018).
1881:School and district accountability
786:Dallas Independent School District
25:
4049:Soil and Water Conservation Board
3994:Dept. of Licensing and Regulation
3164:Swaby, Aliyya (January 9, 2020).
1899:Gold Performance acknowledgements
854:University Interscholastic League
4604:
4592:
4581:
4580:
4079:University of North Texas System
3939:Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority
3813:
3731:
3717:
3405:. August 3, 2006. Archived from
3346:. April 24, 2009. Archived from
3296:"TEA Commissioners 1950-Present"
3138:Swaby, Aliyya (March 27, 2019).
3112:Swaby, Aliyya (March 20, 2018).
2911:. March 27, 2009. Archived from
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2095:
2094:
2079:
2078:
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2064:
2049:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2019:
2018:
2005:
2004:
1981:
1980:
1957:
1956:
713:
702:
331:History of education in Missouri
321:History of education in Kentucky
140:
34:
4059:Texas A&M University System
3989:Library and Archives Commission
3536:. State of Texas. December 2015
3504:. State of Texas. December 2017
3472:. State of Texas. December 2019
1936:% budget change over prior year
923:Special education controversies
316:History of education in Chicago
146:The Texas Education Agency logo
45:needs additional citations for
4525:Agency of the federal district
4004:Lower Colorado River Authority
3969:Dept. of Information Resources
3949:Dept. of State Health Services
3874:Comptroller of Public Accounts
2935:Texas looks to rewrite history
803:Prior to the late 1940s, many
651:Full-service community schools
1:
4089:Texas State University System
3839:Alcoholic Beverage Commission
3438:. State of Texas. August 2018
2851:"Texas needs to get it right"
4658:1949 establishments in Texas
4094:Texas Tech University System
4074:University of Houston System
3979:Commission on Jail Standards
3220:"Office of the Commissioner"
2734:Railroad Commission of Texas
1933:Budget, for fiscal year ($ )
1886:Education performance rating
1361:
1343:
1302:
1284:
1265:
1236:
1215:
1186:
1163:
1089:
1067:
1038:
988:
191:1701 North Congress Avenue,
4104:Juvenile Justice Department
4014:Dept. of Parks and Wildlife
3904:Employees Retirement System
3667:Abbott, G. (2022, June 9).
3654:Abbott, G. (2022, June 1).
3385:"Education Service Centers"
3374:, September 16, 2013, p. 6A
2730:Week of April 16 – 20, 2001
967:Commissioners of Education
784:, formerly a member of the
629:For-profit higher education
4674:
4248:Bureau of Indian Education
4176:State Prosecuting Attorney
4084:University of Texas System
3271:"Commissioner's Biography"
1837:
582:School corporal punishment
4638:Public education in Texas
4576:
4151:Dept. of Criminal Justice
4146:Court of Criminal Appeals
4054:Teacher Retirement System
3889:Board of Dental Examiners
3631:"School Safety Resources"
3343:Austin American-Statesman
2824:Austin American-Statesman
1517:
1514:
1511:
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1505:
1502:
1326:
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953:Commissioner of education
617:School-to-work transition
151:
139:
4558:Northern Mariana Islands
4541:Agencies by insular area
4120:House of Representatives
3844:Animal Health Commission
2777:San Antonio Express-News
1945:State funding per pupil
1418:State Board of Education
864:Curriculum controversies
720:United States portal
266:This article is part of
69:"Texas Education Agency"
18:Texas Board of Education
4643:State agencies of Texas
4069:Trinity River Authority
4064:Dept. of Transportation
4009:Dept. of Motor Vehicles
3595:By (January 18, 2024).
1479:, in 2010 unseated the
764:) is the branch of the
438:Education policy issues
407:Environmental education
4633:Texas Education Agency
4039:Real Estate Commission
4029:Dept. of Public Safety
3934:Office of the Governor
3864:Brazos River Authority
3773:Texas Education Agency
3761:Texas Education Agency
3300:Texas Education Agency
3275:Texas Education Agency
3224:Texas Education Agency
2717:Texas Education Agency
1852:
1468:and the son of former
758:Texas Education Agency
575:Standards-based reform
550:Gender achievement gap
540:Racial achievement gap
473:Educational attainment
135:Texas Education Agency
4256:(military dependents)
3959:Historical Commission
3914:Facilities Commission
3775:recipient profile on
1922:Permanent School Fund
1908:Budget and enrollment
1847:
1606:Rebecca Bell-Metereau
1458:Permanent School Fund
868:On November 7, 2007,
641:Research universities
508:Student financial aid
503:Graduate unemployment
478:Post-secondary issues
454:Primary and secondary
417:Mathematics education
4611:United States portal
4099:Workforce Commission
3834:Dept. of Agriculture
3820:Texas state agencies
3409:on February 21, 2007
3371:Laredo Morning Times
3321:"District map (PDF)"
906:Texas House Speaker
709:Education portal
545:Desegregation busing
498:Elite overproduction
427:Vocational education
54:improve this article
4568:U.S. Virgin Islands
4034:Railroad Commission
3984:General Land Office
3884:School for the Deaf
3387:. October 16, 2023.
2933:Halkett, Kimberly.
2877:"The Revisionaries"
2831:on December 1, 2007
2799:. November 30, 2007
2770:Cervantes, Bobby. "
1499:
1470:Lieutenant Governor
1466:moderate Republican
766:government of Texas
662:Levels of education
634:For-profit colleges
602:Foreign involvement
136:
4250:(Native Americans)
4019:Preservation Board
3999:Lottery Commission
3974:Dept. of Insurance
3601:The New York Times
2883:. October 26, 2012
2881:rottentomatoes.com
1853:
1497:
1373:December 31, 2015
1370:September 1, 2012
1306:Shirley J. Neeley
1243:September 9, 1999
1227:September 3, 1999
1074:September 1, 1979
912:San Antonio, Texas
875:intelligent design
624:Community colleges
570:School segregation
488:Cost and financing
412:Language education
4620:
4619:
4264:Agencies by state
4194:
4193:
4181:State Law Library
4141:Courts of Appeals
3909:Ethics Commission
3766:Handbook of Texas
3561:The Texas Tribune
3250:The Texas Tribune
3196:Houston Chronicle
3170:The Texas Tribune
3144:The Texas Tribune
3118:The Texas Tribune
3092:The Texas Tribune
3066:Houston Chronicle
3041:Houston Chronicle
3013:Houston Chronicle
2988:Houston Chronicle
2960:The Texas Tribune
2657:
2656:
1953:$ 33,338,021,662*
1918:Governor of Texas
1893:COVID-19 pandemic
1831:
1830:
1566:Marisa Perez-Diaz
1415:
1414:
1388:
1381:
1351:
1330:
1324:
1309:January 13, 2004
1298:January 12, 2004
1292:
1269:Felipe T. Alanis
1261:
1254:
1211:
1204:
1174:February 1, 1991
1171:
1159:January 31, 1991
1156:November 1, 1984
1151:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1114:
1107:
1099:October 31, 1984
1085:
1063:
1056:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
930:Houston Chronicle
890:The Revisionaries
887:In October 2012,
846:standardized test
830:parochial schools
754:
753:
607:Special education
597:Sexual harassment
390:Medical education
344:Curriculum topics
280:
260:
259:
199:Agency executives
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4665:
4608:
4607:
4596:
4595:
4584:
4583:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4198:
4024:Space Commission
3899:Education Agency
3854:Attorney General
3818:
3817:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3783:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3749:Official website
3741:
3739:Education portal
3736:
3735:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3678:
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3665:
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3652:
3646:
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3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3531:
3523:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3499:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3467:
3459:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3433:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2951:
2942:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2915:on April 2, 2009
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2787:
2781:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2743:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2709:
2121:$ 25,136,102,615
2112:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2091:$ 26,112,248,988
2082:
2081:
2068:
2067:
2061:$ 27,381,560,474
2052:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2031:$ 26,186,545,591
2022:
2021:
2008:
2007:
2001:$ 27,698,128,088
1984:
1983:
1977:$ 28,161,490,444
1960:
1959:
1927:
1729:Patricia Hardy,
1500:
1401:January 1, 2016
1386:
1379:
1366:Michael Williams
1357:August 31, 2012
1349:
1328:
1322:
1290:
1259:
1252:
1209:
1202:
1169:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1126:
1122:William N Kirby
1112:
1105:
1093:Raymon L. Bynum
1083:
1061:
1054:
1048:August 31, 1979
1042:M. L. Brockette
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
964:
900:Independent Lens
832:(whether or not
805:school districts
770:public education
768:responsible for
746:
739:
732:
718:
717:
716:
707:
706:
646:Community school
565:Racial diversity
535:Achievement gaps
439:
301:in insular areas
283:
279:Education in the
278:
262:
256:
251:
248:
246:
156:
144:
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4129:
4108:
3924:Film Commission
3822:
3812:
3810:
3777:USAspending.gov
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3403:The Daily Texan
3397:
3396:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3350:on June 7, 2011
3336:
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2964:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2941:. 9 April 2010.
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1348:
1321:
1295:August 1, 2003
1291:(Interim) (1/2)
1289:
1255:
1246:March 31, 2002
1205:
1168:
1145:
1138:
1108:
1071:Alton O. Bowen
1057:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
955:
925:
870:Christine Comer
866:
822:charter schools
814:
801:
778:downtown Austin
750:
714:
712:
711:
701:
675:Early childhood
657:
592:School violence
525:Charter schools
437:
431:
400:Nursing degrees
378:Legal education
373:Music education
368:Civic education
306:By subject area
281:
277:
243:
235:
167:Agency overview
160:Downtown Austin
157:
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126:
115:
109:
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63:
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15:
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4548:American Samoa
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4466:South Carolina
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4431:North Carolina
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3929:Forest Service
3926:
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3896:
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3869:State Cemetery
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3711:External links
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1914:State of Texas
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1838:Main article:
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1552:Corpus Christi
1550:
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1527:
1526:Melissa Ortega
1524:
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1515:First elected
1513:
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1477:Mount Pleasant
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1275:July 31, 2003
1273:
1272:April 1, 2002
1270:
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1263:
1262:
1250:George W. Bush
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:George W. Bush
1228:
1225:
1224:March 9, 1995
1222:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:(Feb-Mar 1995)
1207:George W. Bush
1197:
1196:March 1, 1995
1194:
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1188:
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1177:June 30, 1991
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687:Post-secondary
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4371:Massachusetts
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4161:Supreme Court
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3686:gov.texas.gov
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3097:September 30,
3093:
3089:
3082:
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3071:September 30,
3067:
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3057:
3054:
3046:September 30,
3042:
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3018:September 30,
3014:
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2993:September 30,
2989:
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2961:
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2908:Star-Telegram
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2702:
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2663:School Safety
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2071:
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2060:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1955:
1952:
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1814:
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1797:
1795:Evelyn Brooks
1794:
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1697:
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1689:
1686:Keven Ellis,
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1646:Julie Pickren
1645:
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1461:
1459:
1454:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1425:There are no
1423:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1354:July 3, 2012
1353:
1346:
1342:
1339:July 2, 2012
1338:
1336:July 2, 2007
1335:
1334:
1331:
1320:Robert Scott
1315:
1312:July 1, 2007
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:James Nelson
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1220:Michael Moses
1218:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:July 1, 1991
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1167:Tom Anderson
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1140:Bill Clements
1134:
1129:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1103:Bill Clements
1101:
1098:
1096:June 1, 1981
1095:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1081:Bill Clements
1079:
1077:May 31, 1981
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1059:Bill Clements
1053:
1052:Dolph Briscoe
1050:
1047:
1045:July 1, 1974
1044:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1030:Dolph Briscoe
1024:
1023:Preston Smith
1017:
1016:John Connally
1010:
1003:
1002:Allan Shivers
1000:
997:
994:
991:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
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742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
727:
725:
724:
721:
710:
705:
700:
699:
694:
693:Organizations
691:
689:
688:
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680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
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603:
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598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
560:School choice
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
518:
514:
513:Student loans
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:Credentialism
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
468:
464:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
450:
449:Accreditation
447:
446:
444:
443:
440:
434:
428:
425:
423:
422:Sex education
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
391:
388:
384:
381:
380:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
363:Art education
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
348:
347:
342:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
298:
295:
294:
293:
292:
287:
284:
282:United States
274:
271:
269:
264:
263:
255:
250:
242:
238:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:Penny Schwinn
210:
207:
204:
203:
201:
197:
194:
193:Austin, Texas
190:
186:
182:
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174:
170:
165:
161:
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138:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4609:
4597:
4585:
4480:
4471:South Dakota
4461:Rhode Island
4456:Pennsylvania
4436:North Dakota
3898:
3764:
3725:Texas portal
3689:. Retrieved
3685:
3676:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3634:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3600:
3590:
3564:. Retrieved
3560:
3550:
3540:December 27,
3538:. Retrieved
3533:
3508:December 27,
3506:. Retrieved
3501:
3476:December 27,
3474:. Retrieved
3469:
3442:December 27,
3440:. Retrieved
3435:
3423:
3411:. Retrieved
3407:the original
3402:
3393:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3348:the original
3341:
3332:
3315:
3305:December 18,
3303:. Retrieved
3299:
3290:
3280:December 18,
3278:. Retrieved
3274:
3265:
3253:. Retrieved
3249:
3239:
3229:December 18,
3227:. Retrieved
3223:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3169:
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3143:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3117:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3065:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3040:
3016:. Retrieved
3012:
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2987:
2963:. Retrieved
2959:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2913:the original
2906:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2880:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2857:. March 2009
2845:
2835:November 30,
2833:. Retrieved
2829:the original
2822:
2813:
2803:November 30,
2801:. Retrieved
2794:
2785:
2775:
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:
2741:
2724:
2716:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2666:
2658:
1911:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1872:
1858:
1854:
1815:Aaron Kinsey
1753:
1752:Pam Little,
1730:
1687:
1666:Audrey Young
1626:Will Hickman
1586:Staci Childs
1546:L.J. Francis
1489:conservative
1473:Bill Ratliff
1462:
1455:
1452:
1431:Texas Senate
1424:
1421:
1404:
1347:Todd Webster
1327:
1288:Robert Scott
1200:Ann Richards
1190:Lionel Meno
1181:Ann Richards
1147:Ann Richards
1125:
1009:Price Daniel
992:J. W. Egdar
975:Commissioner
960:
956:
948:
944:
940:
928:
926:
905:
898:
888:
886:
879:
867:
858:
851:
842:
838:home schools
815:
802:
761:
757:
755:
669:
587:School meals
465:
265:
224:A.J. Crabill
188:Headquarters
180:Jurisdiction
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4563:Puerto Rico
4386:Mississippi
4301:Connecticut
4113:Legislative
2133:$ 4,878.97
2113:$ 4,990.81
2083:$ 5,166.60
2053:$ 4,886.35
2023:$ 5,129.59
1775:Aicha Davis
1709:Tom Maynard
1572:San Antonio
1485:Don McLeroy
1427:term limits
1410:Greg Abbott
1397:Mike Morath
1384:Greg Abbott
1380:(2012–2015)
1260:(2000–2002)
1253:(1999–2000)
1203:(1991–1995)
1143:(1987–1991)
1136:(1984–1987)
1106:(1981–1983)
1084:(1979–1981)
1055:(1974–1979)
1033:(1973/1974)
1026:(1963–1973)
1019:(1963–1969)
1012:(1957–1963)
1005:(1950–1957)
995:March 1950
981:Left office
978:Took office
936:Houston ISD
916:nonpartisan
895:Don McLeroy
836:) nor over
793:Greg Abbott
782:Mike Morath
206:Mike Morath
4627:Categories
4501:Washington
4421:New Mexico
4416:New Jersey
4291:California
3255:August 30,
3201:October 1,
3175:October 1,
3149:October 1,
3123:October 1,
2939:Al Jazeera
2756:January 6,
2696:References
1754:Vice Chair
1738:Fort Worth
1612:San Marcos
1377:Rick Perry
1279:Rick Perry
1257:Rick Perry
1150:(Jan 1991)
1133:Mark White
1110:Mark White
908:Joe Straus
834:accredited
790:Texas Gov.
555:Head Start
530:Inequality
383:Law school
80:newspapers
4511:Wisconsin
4476:Tennessee
4381:Minnesota
4356:Louisiana
4156:State Bar
3827:Executive
3763:from the
3609:0362-4331
3413:August 3,
3354:April 24,
2919:March 30,
2887:August 1,
2861:March 30,
2647:3,224,916
2627:3,271,509
2607:3,316,785
2587:3,378,318
2567:3,460,378
2547:3,541,771
2527:3,672,198
2507:3,730,544
2487:3,799,032
2467:3,837,096
2447:3,900,488
2427:3,954,434
2407:4,002,227
2387:4,071,433
2367:4,160,968
2347:4,255,821
2327:4,328,028
2307:4,400,644
2287:4,521,043
2267:4,594,942
2247:4,671,493
2227:4,749,571
2207:4,847,844
2187:4,933,617
2167:4,998,579
2147:5,075,840
2127:5,151,925
2102:5,232,065
2072:5,299,728
2042:5,359,127
2012:5,399,682
1731:Secretary
1512:Hometown
1503:District
1405:Incumbent
1170:(Interim)
984:Governor
882:evolution
683:Secondary
467:Financing
4587:Category
4496:Virginia
4446:Oklahoma
4426:New York
4401:Nebraska
4391:Missouri
4376:Michigan
4366:Maryland
4351:Kentucky
4331:Illinois
4306:Delaware
4296:Colorado
4286:Arkansas
4134:Judicial
3691:June 10,
3640:June 10,
3614:June 10,
3576:cite web
3566:June 10,
1761:Fairview
1715:Florence
1652:Pearland
1518:Seat up
1492:lessons.
1483:dentist
1350:(Acting)
353:Literacy
297:By state
268:a series
4599:Commons
4516:Wyoming
4491:Vermont
4396:Montana
4336:Indiana
4316:Georgia
4311:Florida
4281:Arizona
4271:Alabama
4236:Federal
1834:Regions
1821:Midland
1672:Trinity
1632:Houston
1592:Houston
1532:El Paso
826:private
799:History
679:Primary
289:Summary
240:Website
94:scholar
4451:Oregon
4406:Nevada
4346:Kansas
4321:Hawaii
4276:Alaska
4125:Senate
3768:Online
3607:
1850:Austin
1801:Frisco
1781:Dallas
1695:Lufkin
1509:Party
1387:(2015)
1113:(1984)
1062:(1979)
812:Duties
520:Reform
483:Bubble
247:.texas
172:Formed
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4481:Texas
4361:Maine
4326:Idaho
4227:K–12
3530:(PDF)
3498:(PDF)
3466:(PDF)
3432:(PDF)
3324:(PDF)
1827:2024
1807:2026
1787:2026
1767:2024
1744:2024
1721:2024
1701:2026
1688:Chair
1678:2026
1658:2026
1638:2026
1618:2026
1598:2024
1578:2024
1558:2026
1538:2024
1506:Name
1481:Bryan
1323:(2/2)
774:Texas
183:Texas
101:JSTOR
87:books
4553:Guam
4486:Utah
4441:Ohio
4341:Iowa
3693:2024
3642:2024
3616:2024
3605:ISSN
3582:link
3568:2024
3542:2019
3510:2019
3478:2019
3444:2019
3415:2006
3356:2009
3307:2015
3282:2015
3257:2017
3231:2015
3203:2020
3177:2020
3151:2020
3125:2020
3099:2020
3073:2020
3048:2020
3020:2020
2995:2020
2967:2020
2921:2009
2889:2015
2863:2009
2837:2007
2805:2007
2758:2019
2638:1988
2618:1989
2598:1990
2578:1991
2558:1992
2538:1993
2518:1994
2498:1995
2478:1996
2458:1997
2438:1998
2418:1999
2398:2000
2378:2001
2358:2002
2338:2003
2318:2004
2298:2005
2278:2006
2258:2007
2238:2008
2218:2009
2198:2010
2178:2011
2158:2012
2138:2013
2118:2014
2088:2015
2058:2016
2028:2017
1998:2018
1974:2019
1950:2020
1930:Year
1824:2022
1804:2022
1784:2018
1764:2018
1741:2002
1718:2012
1698:2016
1675:2020
1655:2022
1635:2020
1615:2020
1595:2022
1575:2012
1555:2022
1535:2022
852:The
820:and
756:The
685:) –
671:K–12
299:and
249:.gov
175:1949
73:news
2774:."
2732:".
2715:."
2630:1.4
2610:1.4
2590:1.9
2570:2.4
2550:2.4
2530:3.7
2510:1.6
2490:1.8
2470:1.0
2450:1.7
2430:1.4
2410:1.2
2390:1.7
2370:2.2
2350:2.3
2330:1.7
2310:1.7
2290:2.7
2270:1.6
2250:1.7
2230:1.7
2210:2.1
2190:1.8
2170:1.3
2150:1.5
2130:1.5
2105:1.6
2075:1.3
2045:1.1
2039:-4%
2015:0.8
1961:18%
1818:Rep
1798:Rep
1778:Dem
1758:Rep
1735:Rep
1712:Rep
1692:Rep
1669:Rep
1649:Rep
1629:Rep
1609:Dem
1589:Dem
1569:Dem
1549:Rep
1529:Dem
1475:of
1447:2).
1393:13
1362:12
1317:11
1303:10
910:of
828:or
772:in
762:TEA
245:tea
56:by
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2099:4%
2069:5%
2009:6%
1985:2%
1895:.
1812:15
1792:14
1772:13
1749:12
1726:11
1706:10
1344:-
1285:-
1266:9
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1991:-
1988:-
1967:-
1964:-
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