451:
388:
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36:
140:
730:(UTI) used for text files in macOS is "public.plain-text"; additional, more specific UTIs are: "public.utf8-plain-text" for utf-8-encoded text, "public.utf16-external-plain-text" and "public.utf16-plain-text" for utf-16-encoded text and "com.apple.traditional-mac-plain-text" for classic Mac OS text files.
650:
encodings (i.e. ANSI in the
Microsoft Notepad menus is really "System Code Page", non-Unicode, legacy encoding), except for in locales such as Chinese, Japanese and Korean that require double-byte character sets. ANSI encodings were traditionally used as default system locales within Microsoft
892:
difference as to the endianness of the byte stream. UTF-8 always has the same byte order. An initial BOM is only used as a signature — an indication that an otherwise unmarked text file is in UTF-8. Note that some recipients of UTF-8 encoded data do not expect a BOM. Where UTF-8 is used
675:(BOM), which communicates the endianness of the file content. Although UTF-8 does not suffer from endianness problems, many Microsoft Windows programs (i.e. Notepad) prepend the contents of UTF-8-encoded files with BOM, to differentiate UTF-8 encoding from other 8-bit encodings.
738:
When opened by a text editor, human-readable content is presented to the user. This often consists of the file's plain text visible to the user. Depending on the application, control codes may be rendered either as literal instructions acted upon by the editor, or as visible
547:
is an attempt to create a common standard for representing all known languages, and most known character sets are subsets of the very large
Unicode character set. Although there are multiple character encodings available for Unicode, the most common is
743:
that can be edited as plain text. Though there may be plain text in a text file, control characters within the file (especially the end-of-file character) can render the plain text unseen by a particular method.
515:
is the most common compatible subset of character sets for
English-language text files, and is generally assumed to be the default file format in many situations. It covers American English, but for the British
691:
defines a text file as a file that contains characters organized into zero or more lines, where lines are sequences of zero or more non-newline characters plus a terminating newline character, normally LF.
556:. Thus, a common operating mode of UTF-8 capable software, when opening files of unknown encoding, is to try UTF-8 first and fall back to a locale dependent legacy encoding when it definitely is not UTF-8.
897:
in 8-bit environments, the use of a BOM will interfere with any protocol or file format that expects specific ASCII characters at the beginning, such as the use of "#!" of at the beginning of Unix shell
639:. However, many other suffixes are used for text files with specific purposes. For example, source code for computer programs is usually kept in text files that have file name suffixes indicating the
1003:
552:, which has the advantage of being backwards-compatible with ASCII; that is, every ASCII text file is also a UTF-8 text file with identical meaning. UTF-8 also has the advantage that
1035:
543:
Because encodings necessarily have only a limited repertoire of characters, often very small, many are only usable to represent text in a limited subset of human languages.
253:, where the operating system does not keep track of the file size in bytes, the end of a text file is denoted by placing one or more special characters, known as an
418:
occurs in a text file, it is often easier to recover and continue processing the remaining contents. A disadvantage of text files is that they usually have a low
703:
as a text file whose characters are printable or space or backspace according to regional rules. This excludes most control characters, which are not printable.
646:
Most
Microsoft Windows text files use ANSI, OEM, Unicode or UTF-8 encoding. What Microsoft Windows terminology calls "ANSI encodings" are usually single-byte
299:, in which text files are stored as a sequence either of fixed-length records or of variable-length records with a record-length value in the record header.
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systems, text files do not contain any special EOF character, because file systems on those operating systems keep track of the file size in bytes.
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524:, or characters used outside English, a richer character set must be used. In many systems, this is chosen based on the default
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indicated that the type of the file was "TEXT". Lines of classic Mac OS text files are terminated with CR characters.
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On
Microsoft Windows operating systems, a file is regarded as a text file if the suffix of the name of the file (the "
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setting on the computer it is read on. Prior to UTF-8, this was traditionally single-byte encodings (such as
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433:) to assist the reader in interpretation. A text file may contain no data at all, which is a case of
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257:(EOF) marker, as padding after the last line in a text file. In modern operating systems such as
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use a common text file format, with each line of text separated by a two-character combination:
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of information. They avoid some of the problems encountered with other file formats, such as
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common in DOS applications. "Unicode"-encoded
Microsoft Windows text files contain text in
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At a generic level of description, there are two kinds of computer files: text files and
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Windows, before the transition to
Unicode. By contrast, OEM encodings, also known as
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system regarded the content of a file (the data fork) to be a text file when its
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to be terminated with a CR-LF marker, and many text editors (including
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Being a Unix-like system, macOS uses Unix format for text files.
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280:, and Windows, store text files as a sequence of bytes, with an
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text mode display system. They typically include graphical and
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600:, usually with additional information indicating an encoding.
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Because of their simplicity, text files are commonly used for
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258:
29:
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operating systems, text files format is precisely described:
410:, padding bytes, or differences in the number of bytes in a
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at the end of each line. Other operating systems, such as
628:) do not automatically insert one on the last line.
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1030:
1028:
814:
1036:"Designing Scripts for Cross-Platform Deployment"
302:"Text file" refers to a type of container, while
888:Yes, UTF-8 can contain a BOM. However, it makes
584:types). Such files can be viewed and edited on
572:content with very little formatting (e.g., no
1089:
847:Internationalization for Windows Applications
620:(LF). It is common for the last line of text
8:
132:
479:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
355:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1082:
1074:
1004:"System-Declared Uniform Type Identifiers"
425:A simple text file may need no additional
998:
996:
568:refers to a file format that allows only
499:Learn how and when to remove this message
375:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
877:"FAQ – UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 & BOM"
805:
131:
7:
564:On most operating systems, the name
477:adding citations to reliable sources
353:adding citations to reliable sources
276:, Unix-like systems, CP/M, DOS, the
230:that is structured as a sequence of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
27:Computer file containing plain text
182:Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
25:
857:from the original on Feb 21, 2023
391:A stylized iconic depiction of a
643:in which the source is written.
449:
325:
272:Some operating systems, such as
138:
34:
540:encodings for Asian languages.
45:needs additional citations for
1262:Hidden file / Hidden directory
695:Additionally, POSIX defines a
592:. Text files usually have the
1:
1305:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
976:IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition
946:IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition
916:IEEE Std 1003.1, 2017 Edition
875:Freytag, Asmus (2015-12-18).
536:) for European languages and
429:(other than knowledge of its
306:refers to a type of content.
249:In operating systems such as
222:; an old alternative name is
817:Computer Science Illuminated
604:Microsoft Windows text files
554:it is easily auto-detectable
1439:Comparison of file managers
1238:List of filename extensions
297:record-oriented filesystems
1515:
707:Apple Macintosh text files
1446:File system fragmentation
293:OS/360 and its successors
137:
1250:Extended file attributes
1158:Proprietary file formats
879:. The Unicode Consortium
843:"Using Byte Order Marks"
659:for use in the original
207:Generic container format
160:Internet media type
1451:File-system permissions
728:Uniform Type Identifier
711:Prior to the advent of
665:line-drawing characters
1008:Guides and Sample Code
971:"3.284 Printable File"
821:. Jones and Bartlett.
399:
1040:Mac Developer Library
981:IEEE Computer Society
951:IEEE Computer Society
921:IEEE Computer Society
390:
238:. A text file exists
191:UTI conformation
1466:File synchronization
1315:Semantic file system
1138:List of file formats
813:Lewis, John (2006).
800:Notes and references
769:List of file formats
641:programming language
473:improve this section
349:improve this section
244:computer file system
203:Document file format
54:improve this article
1295:Directory structure
1068:Power of Plain Text
784:Text-based protocol
779:Syntax highlighting
513:ASCII character set
218:(sometimes spelled
134:
1233:Filename extension
764:Filename extension
655:, were defined by
633:filename extension
400:
148:Filename extension
1494:Text file formats
1481:
1480:
1473:File verification
1226:Filename mangling
1153:Open file formats
911:"3.403 Text File"
741:escape characters
610:Microsoft Windows
509:
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263:Microsoft Windows
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186:public.plain-text
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16:(Redirected from
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1429:Data compression
1310:Grid file system
1288:Temporary folder
1278:Directory/folder
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1371:File descriptor
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853:. Jan 7, 2021.
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679:Unix text files
673:byte order mark
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614:carriage return
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416:data corruption
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226:) is a kind of
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1195:Zero-byte file
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1190:Temporary file
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1105:Computer files
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1062:External links
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717:classic Mac OS
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699:printable file
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653:DOS code pages
605:
602:
586:text terminals
561:
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538:wide character
507:
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489:September 2024
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448:
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435:zero-byte file
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365:September 2024
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278:classic Mac OS
240:stored as data
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199:Type of format
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895:transparently
891:
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828:0-7637-4149-3
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721:resource fork
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588:or in simple
587:
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482:
478:
474:
468:
467:
463:
458:This section
456:
452:
447:
446:
440:
438:
436:
432:
431:character set
428:
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413:
409:
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334:This section
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228:computer file
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110:December 2015
102:
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85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Text document
1461:File sharing
1434:File manager
1424:File copying
1271:Organisation
1216:8.3 filename
1170:Sidecar file
1148:Magic number
1122:
1048:. Retrieved
1039:
1016:. Retrieved
1007:
984:. Retrieved
974:
965:
954:. Retrieved
944:
941:"3.206 Line"
935:
924:. Retrieved
914:
905:
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889:
887:
881:. Retrieved
870:
859:. Retrieved
846:
837:
816:
808:
737:
725:
710:
696:
694:
682:
648:ISO/IEC 8859
645:
630:
621:
607:
590:text editors
579:
573:
565:
563:
542:
510:
495:
486:
471:Please help
459:
424:
412:machine word
401:
396:
371:
362:
347:Please help
335:
317:Data storage
311:binary files
308:
301:
271:
248:
223:
219:
215:
213:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1300:File system
1185:System file
1175:Sparse file
1133:File format
1119:Binary file
789:Text editor
534:ISO-8859-16
395:-formatted
282:end-of-line
255:end-of-file
194:public.text
69:"Text file"
1488:Categories
1407:Management
1332:Operations
1283:NTFS links
1204:Properties
1070:on C2 wiki
1050:2016-09-12
1046:2014-03-10
1044:Apple Inc.
1018:2016-09-12
1014:2009-11-17
1012:Apple Inc.
986:2015-12-15
956:2015-12-15
926:2019-03-01
883:2016-05-30
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