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1269:. Despite the name suggesting only ten groups of highly skilled craftsmen, the group actually comprised more than ten groups who were experts in various fields. However, after the Burmese army burned down the city in 1767 CE, various branches of fine arts that had thrived during the late Ayutthaya period had to disperse because craftsmen were taken away. Despite this unfortunate event, the city's artistic heritage can still be appreciated today at the archaeological site of the historic city and in various museums.
535:
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1520:, played a pivotal role in introducing modern art concepts and techniques to Thai artists and students. He taught them perspective, anatomy, composition, and color theory, and established the National Art Exhibition in 1949, providing a platform to showcase and promote Thai art. Silpa Bhirasri's famous sculptures and paintings reflected his artistic vision and appreciation of Thai culture and history, making him widely regarded as the father of Thai contemporary art.
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207:. It showcases the artistic achievements of a prehistoric culture that existed from about 2000 BCE to 300 CE. The people of Ban Chiang were skilled metalworkers, and evidence of early metallurgy, including copper and bronze artifacts, has been found at the site. The site also features diverse ceramics, some of which are decorated with distinctive red-on-buff swirl designs painted by hand.
1003:. These ceramics featured delicate blue-green or grayish-green tints and intricate designs painted in black or a darker hue of the glaze. They were fired at high temperatures, resulting in a durable and robust body. Despite its short-lived existence, the Sukhothai Kingdom's artistic legacy remains influential to this day. The kingdom's artistry and craftsmanship were absorbed into the
159:, is an important prehistoric site that provides valuable insights into the lifestyles of the people who settled in the area around 2000–500 BCE. Excavations have unearthed evidence of rice cultivation, animal husbandry, hunting, fishing, building construction, the creation of polished stone axes and pottery using locally available materials. The inhabitants were skilled in weaving
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of Thai culture and spirituality, such as
Buddhist symbols, folk motifs, and astrological signs, into their works. Their trailblazing efforts paved the way for many more artists of later generations, such as Damrong Wong-Upraj, Manit Poo-Aree, Pichai Nirand, and Anant Panin, to experiment with new forms and styles of expression.
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in the 1950s and 1960s. These artists challenged the conventional norms and expectations of Thai art by creating abstract and expressive works that explored their personal feelings and experiences. They used bold colors, shapes, and textures to convey their emotions and ideas, incorporating elements
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Another defining feature of
Sukhothai art is the Buddha images' graceful and elegant form, which exhibits refined proportions, a distinctive flame-like halo around the head, and a serene expression. These Buddha images are typically seated in the half-lotus posture with the right hand performing the
925:
Bronze sculptures from the U-Thong period exemplify elaborate casting, inheriting from the earlier
Dvaravati art. Sukhothai art mixed with U-Thong art, resulting in lighter Buddha statues with flame auras, eventually becoming characteristic of early Ayutthaya art. The U-Thong or Ayothaya Kingdom was
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across much of mainland
Southeast Asia. It inherited the artistic traditions of late U-Thong art and developed a distinctive style that blended various cultural influences from Sukhothai, Lopburi, India, Persia, China, Japan, and Europe. Ayutthaya also exerted its artistic influence over its vassal
1245:
The art of
Ayutthaya was characterized by a diverse array of techniques and styles, including the grand palaces and monasteries decorated with chedis, prangs, and Buddha images. Religious icons were often adorned with regal attire and crowns, emphasizing the close relationship between the king and
1352:
The early
Rattanakosin art was influenced by the late Ayutthaya art, which was characterized by the use of bright colors, gold leaf, and solid backgrounds in paintings. The artists also restored some of the art forms that had been damaged or lost, such as lacquerware and mother-of-pearl inlay.
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1561:, launched in 2018, provides a platform for artists to showcase their work on an international stage. These developments reflect a growing interest in Thai contemporary art and the increasing willingness of artists to experiment with new forms of expression
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art. The majority of these sites showcase monochrome red pictograms that depict animals, humans, geometric shapes, and handprints. While the dating of many sites remains unknown, some rock art sites have been reported to date back 3,000–5,000 years ago.
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and features low-roofed ubosot, vihāra, and chedis constructed with wood. A unique style of U-Thong chedi has an octagonal base, eight-sided structure, lotus crystal-adorned roof, and bell. These chedis are commonly found at various temples, such as
1873:
381:, as evidenced by various inscriptions during this period. The Dvaravati period played a significant role in the dissemination of Buddhism across the region, with noteworthy examples of Dvaravati towns including Nakhon Pathom ancient city in
213:
1957:
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continued the modernization and westernization of
Rattanakosin art, as he traveled to Europe and brought back new ideas and materials. He commissioned many buildings that combined Thai and European styles, such as the
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1533:
1501:
Contemporary Thai art emerged in the 1990s, blending old and new Thai cultural features with a diverse color palette and patterns to create modern and appealing art. However, its roots can be traced back to
1360:, Rattanakosin art began to incorporate elements from other cultures, such as European and Chinese. This was especially evident in architectural art, which blended Thai and Chinese styles. For example, the
1250:
and mother-of-pearl inlay, producing functional and decorative objects with intricate designs and vivid paintings. These techniques were frequently used to decorate religious objects such as Buddha images.
2961:– Thai Buddhist Art Website Project to Promote and play a part in the growth of the Thai Fine Art Community of Collectors and Aficionados. Representing a host of Thailand's Most Outstanding Artists.
1159:
architecture. The Buddha images of Lanna are frequently depicted with specific attributes like a round face, a smiling expression, and curled-up hair or an egg-shaped face with a halo of flames.
2046:
The style was comparable with those styles of Khmer sculptures and architectures in
Cambodia, therefore, the 'Ancient Khmer Style of Thailand' is used as an alternative term for 'Lopburi Style'.
187:, attracting merchants from different parts of the world and leading to cultural and ethnic diversity. The river watersheds surrounding the site have yielded a plethora of artifacts, including
534:
886:
arts, with the
Dvaravati influence being the most prominent. The resulting architecture and fine arts are collectively referred to as U-Thong and can be found in various provinces, including
996:
earth-touching gesture or walking with one foot forward and the right hand raised to the chest. The walking Buddha, in particular, is a unique style closely associated with
Sukhothai.
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art, with Wat Phra Borommathat Chaiya being the most similar. The majority of sculptures discovered in Southern Thailand are of religious significance, depicting figures such as the
1060:
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La ville de Lopburi (à 130 km au nord de Bangkok), qui a donné son nom à l'école khmérisante, et authentiquement khmère, de Thaïlande, est située à la bordure nord-est du Delta
2955:– Introduction of contemporary art and artists living and working in Northern Thailand and Myanmar. Guide to art galleries, art News and exhibitions with focus on Chiang Mai.
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271:
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This crowned Buddha image was cast in Lopburi, the Khmer provincial capital located in central (modern day) Thailand in the early centuries of the second millennium.
519:
2949:– Virtual museum of Thai contemporary artists. Listings of museums, galleries, exhibitions and venues. Contains muchinformation on Thai artists and art activities.
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introduced more changes to Rattanakosin art, as he was interested in Western science and culture. He adopted European architectural styles and techniques, such as
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1409:, a type of porcelain with colorful patterns that had previously been imported from China with Thai patterns but later began to be produced locally.
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1261:, played a crucial role in both civilian and military fief houses during the Ayutthaya period. This is evidenced by its recognition under the
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770:. Surviving examples of their art are mainly stone and bronze carvings. The Lopburi architectural style used bricks and stones, with the
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325:. While Theravada Buddhism was the dominant religion during this time, there is also evidence of other religious influences, including
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The Thai word refers on the one hand on the Angkorian tower structures, on the other hand on towers that build on this heritage style.
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1506:, the first Thai artist to adopt the Western realist style in his paintings, which added more depth and realism to his works.
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2582:"The Interpretation of European Settlements (Portuguese, Dutch and French) on the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Era"
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1386:, a talented painter who applied linear perspective to Thai paintings and created realistic scenes of nature and society.
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18:
1345:, a group of ten craftsmen who were responsible for creating fine art in Bangkok. Later, this group became part of the
986:. One of the most notable characteristics of Sukhothai art is the authentic Sukhothai-style chedi, also referred to as
3827:
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3189:
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in Chai Nat province or some temples in Suphanburi. Another type of U-Thong chedi is found at Wat Phra Borommathat in
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Lanna chedis are typically bell-shaped, evolving from a round plan to a polygonal plan as seen in the pagoda at
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1000:
874:, although this kingdom's existence is ambiguous. It is characterized by a Buddha image style influenced by
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3149:
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422:
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4156:
2437:
Chularatana, Julispong (2017). "Indo-Persian influence on late Ayutthaya art, architecture, and design".
2191:
The Prang Sam Yod ("Three-Spired Sanctuary"), the symbol of the Lop Buri region, was built by the Khmers.
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The Sukhothai Kingdom was also renowned for its exceptional glazed ceramics, which were produced in the
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1337:. The king wanted to revive the artistic traditions that had been lost during the destruction of the
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and Sukhothai art. This style received its name from the U-Thong Kingdom, which was centered in the
136:
One of the earliest examples of artistic expression in Thailand can be found in over 410 documented
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Ayutthaya art thrived between the 14th and 18th centuries CE, during the rise and dominance of the
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emerged. It led to the development of artistic styles, sculptures, and architecture similar to the
602:. This resulted in similarities between Srivijaya art in Southern Thailand and Central Java art in
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2917:. Translated by Chakrabongse, Narisa. Photographed by Paisarn Piemmettawat. Bangkok: River Books.
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Sukhothai art emerged in the 13th to 15th centuries CE, coincided with the establishment of the
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came under its influence. During this time, artistic works aimed to establish a Thai identity.
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971:
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919:
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622:, and clay votive tablets with Buddhist iconography. Srivijaya art in Southern Thailand, from
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2458:"ญี่ปุ่นในศิลปกรรมไทยโบราณภาพสะท้อนการเรียนรู้โลกของสังคมไทย ในสมัยอยุธยาและต้นรัตนโกสินทร์"
1818:
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Thai art, traditional works remain significant and continue to influence artists' concepts.
2558:[Chang Sip Mu: Are there 10 types? What are the crafts and how did they develop?].
1898:
1778:
1136:, which was the dominant religion in the region. While initially, it drew inspiration from
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747:. This artistic expression is known as the Lopburi style, named after the ancient city of
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70:
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as its capital caused a shift in artistic production. Lanna art is deeply entrenched in
1116:
Lanna art, also known as Chiang Saen art, denotes an artistic tradition that emerged in
85:
has played a significant role in Thai art, with many sculptures and paintings depicting
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4146:
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Relief containing a scene from the Gojaniya jātaka, Sukhothai art, 14/15th century AD,
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35:
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The flame and the lotus: Indian and Southeast Asian art from the Kronos collections
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1120:, spanning the period from the 14th to the 19th century AD. Its inception was in
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Veridian E-Journal, Silpakorn University (Humanities, Social Sciences and Arts)
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period, lasting from the 6th to the 12th centuries CE, witnessed the spread of
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1874:"Home Page Virtual Museum Archaeological Objects and Buildings Living Art Eng"
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1382:, and also learned about linear perspective from Western paintings. He hired
606:, specifically in bronze sculptures and votive tablets. The ancient sites in
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Lopburi artists were primarily associated with Brahmin-Hinduism, and later,
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58:
2556:"ช่างสิบหมู่ มี 10 ประเภทเลยไหม มีช่างอะไรบ้าง และพัฒนาการมาอย่างไร ?"
1319:
Sanphet Prasat Throne Hall, Ayuthayan kings' palace, replica in Muang Boran
2971:(Illustrated Text on Cosmology) from the Harvard Art Museums' collections.
493:
An ancient Dvaravati-style stupa dating back to the 8th-9th century CE in
3005:
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2059:"Crowned Buddha Thailand (Lopburi) 12th–13th century (architecture)"
469:
Dvaravati period stone sculpture, Phra Pathom Chedi National Museum.
1512:, an Italian sculptor who came to Thailand in 1923 and founded the
2958:
2828:
Lippe, Aschwin (1961). "A Dvaravati Bronze Buddha from Thailand".
1329:
Rattanakosin art is a style of art that emerged in 1780, when the
1246:
the Buddha. Artisans showcased their expertise in the creation of
1239:
842:
510:
361:. The art style of Dvaravati owed its influence to the art of the
168:
98:
94:
17:
457:
Dvaravati period stone buddha, Phra Pathom Chedi National Museum.
203:
is another important archaeological site in Thailand, located in
1641:
576:
Dvaravati period lion stucco, Phra Pathom Chedi National Museum.
164:
4380:
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between the 12th and 15th centuries CE, contemporaneously with
249:
site; painted ceramic; height: 32 cm, diameter: 31 cm
3969:
2299:
The iconography of the walking Buddha posture in Sukhothai art
1899:"Ban Chiang, a prehistoric archaeological site – Smarthistory"
481:
Dvaravati period stone jar, Phra Pathom Chedi National Museum.
2488:
Evidence for the 15th Century Ayutthayan Occupation of Angkor
4376:
2946:
105:, has been a major inspiration for Thai art, with colorful
1779:"Symbols and Meaning of Prehistoric Rock Art in Thailand"
1102:
Phra Phuttha Chinnarat at Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat,
1735:(in Thai). Fine Arts Department of Thailand. 2021-04-01
1523:
Silpa Bhirasri's influence can be seen in the works of
630:, displays the influence of Indian art styles such as
1777:
The Siam Society Under Royal Patronage (2022-02-10).
1368:
were built with Chinese-style roofs and decorations.
774:
style being the most common, influenced by the Khmer
163:
from plants possessing strong fibers, such as flax,
4710:
4670:
4414:
4305:
4265:
4007:
3707:
3567:
3403:
3242:
3136:
3101:
3025:
3016:
2866:(5 ed.). The Fine Arts Departmen. p. 24.
2486:Polkinghorne, M.; Pottier, C.; Fischer, C. (2018),
678:, Wat Phra Borom That Chaiya, Surat Thani province.
2757:"Bangkok's first biennial is a blissed-out affair"
2621:"ศิลปะสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์ พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๒๔- ปัจจุบัน"
1804:"Rock Art Research in Southeast Asia: A Synthesis"
1678:"The influence of Buddhism in historical Thai art"
1637:Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand
957:Phra Phuttha Trairattananayok, Wat Phanan Choeng,
191:, bronze and iron tools, glass beads, ivory dice,
45:refers to a diverse range of art forms created in
2911:Krairiksh, Piriya (2012). Sharrock, Peter (ed.).
2625:NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment
2413:NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment
2379:NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment
2271:NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment
2214:NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment
2123:NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment
2014:NAJUA: Architecture, Design and Built Environment
1546:In the mid-1990s, a group of artists created the
277:Tripod earthenware, Ca. 4,000 – 3,600 years ago,
2813:(6 ed.). Fine Arts Department. p. 24.
2789:(8 ed.). Fine Arts Department. p. 24.
1983:"Old Mon inscriptions and the Dvāravatī culture"
1754:"Let's Crossover: A Contemporary Art Exhibition"
2241:"Sukhothai Kingdom: The Golden Age of Buddhism"
1147:. Some chedis, for example, the one containing
610:, Southern Thailand, also bear resemblances to
1140:art, it gradually evolved its distinct style.
4392:
3985:
2990:
1704:"Development of Contemporary Art in Thailand"
357:images standing or seated on thrones and the
8:
2896:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
2699:"The Father of Contemporary Art in Thailand"
1956:พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติ ราชบุรี (2022-12-13).
992:, which has a distinct lotus-shaped design.
525:Dvaravati period stone sculpture located in
109:appearing in various types of art forms. In
2527:"Thai Lacquerware: From Nature to Fine Art"
2409:"ศิลปะสมัยอยุธยา พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๑๙-พ.ศ.๒๓๑๐"
909:U-Thong architecture is closely related to
219:Vessel in the form of a water buffalo from
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4377:
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3978:
3970:
3573:
3409:
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2975:
1711:Silpakorn University International Journal
1685:Journal of the Royal Institute of Thailand
333:. Dvaravati art, which employed hard blue
2706:Sripatum University International Journal
2550:
2548:
2546:
2312:
2245:Journal of International Buddhist Studies
2203:
2201:
2199:
1822:
922:and shows similarities to Srivijaya art.
497:. It now stands as a large laterite base.
223:; 2300 BC; ceramic; height: 18 cm (7
140:sites across the country, featuring both
2697:Bhirasri, Silpa; Jamuni, Pairoj (2010).
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2490:, Bangkok: Siam Society, pp. 98–132
2302:(Master's thesis). Silpakorn University.
2260:
2258:
926:dissolved with the establishment of the
715:Between the 11th and 13th centuries CE,
2830:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
2644:"เครื่องเบญจรงค์ ศิลปะสมัยรัตนโกสินทร์"
2375:"ศิลปะสมัยเชียงแสน พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๑๗-๒๔"
2010:"ศิลปะสมัยศรีวิชัย พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๑๓-๑๘"
1849:Rock art in East Asia: a thematic study
1846:Clottes, Jean; Smith, Benjamin (2019).
1668:
1563:
1411:
1271:
1259:Ten Essential Traditional Craftsmanship
1161:
1009:
932:
788:
648:
447:
209:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2402:
2400:
2368:
2366:
2267:"ศิลปะสมัยสุโขทัย พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๑๘-๒๐"
2239:Piyabhani, Phramaha Nantakorn (2016).
2112:
2110:
1405:. He also supported the production of
377:. People of Dvaravati were likely the
179:became a prominent trading hub in the
2210:"ศิลปะสมัยอู่ทอง พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๑๗-๒๐"
2119:"ศิลปะสมัยลพบุรี พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๑๖-๑๘"
1987:SEAArch – Southeast Asian Archaeology
1921:
7:
2674:. Goterrestrial Co., Ltd. 2020-10-15
1759:. The Art Auction Center. 2022-07-01
1647:List of Buddhist temples in Thailand
1124:; however, the establishment of the
642:, indicating a strong connection to
564:, Phra Pathom Chedi National Museum.
53:times to the present day, including
2964:Online display of the 19th-century
2642:สำนักพิพิธภัณฑ์และวัฒนธรรม (2017).
2351:. SARAKADEE-MUANG BORAN. 2017-10-12
778:style. In the 13th century AD, the
700:Khmer art in Thailand – Lopburi art
509:Si Thep Historical Park, Statue of
2755:Ruiz, Cristina (2 November 2018).
2737:. Silpakorn University. 2022-12-01
1341:by the Burmese. He re-established
974:. This art form was influenced by
586:During the 8th-13th centuries CE,
353:decorations, featured symmetrical
14:
544:is located at Khao Khlang Nai in
527:Phra Pathom Chedi National Museum
369:, as well as the Buddhist art of
4360:
4351:
4350:
2860:An Appreciation of Sukhothai Art
2731:"The National Exhibition of Art"
1601:
1580:
1566:
1484:
1470:
1456:
1442:
1428:
1414:
1312:
1300:
1286:
1281:Crowned Buddha, Wat Na Phra Men.
1274:
1212:
1197:
1179:
1164:
1095:
1071:
1059:
1043:
1027:
1012:
950:
942:Wat Phra Borommathat Worawihan,
935:
858:art, also known as Suphannaphum-
835:
813:
791:
683:
667:
651:
590:may have been influenced by the
569:
553:
533:
518:
502:
486:
474:
462:
450:
270:
254:
238:
212:
3816:Traditional musical instruments
2735:Silpakorn University Art Centre
2439:The Journal of the Siam Society
2091:Encyclopædia Universalis France
763:artistic movement in Thailand.
674:c. 9th Century, Bronze Bust of
4722:British Indian Ocean Territory
4318:British Indian Ocean Territory
1897:Rod-ari, Melody (2022-06-15).
1676:Bovornkitti, Lertsiri (2005).
1548:Chiang Mai Social Installation
1491:Memorial Crowns of the Auspice
1436:Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall
1403:Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall
1219:Kalong ware, 15th–16th century
540:The Buddhist wheel of the law
1:
2327:สังคโลกสู่การเป็นสินค้าส่งออก
1038:, Big Buddha image, Sukhothai
2580:Phungwong, Naratorn (2012).
2296:Prudtikul, Pornchai (2006).
1702:Mukdamanee, Vichoke (2002).
978:, which was propagated from
658:Wat Phra Borom That Chaiya,
3694:Water supply and sanitation
1478:Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall
1395:Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall
1019:The ruins of Wat Mahathat,
690:Ruins of Wat Kaew, Chaiya,
4784:
3548:Controlled-access highways
1066:14th century, Sawankhalok.
759:-influenced and genuinely
427:Nakhon Ratchasima province
365:and Post-Gupta periods in
294:
125:
4346:
3931:
3630:Universities and colleges
3576:
3412:
3251:
3145:
2857:Bhirasri, Silpa (2015b).
2804:Bhirasri, Silpa (2015c).
2780:Bhirasri, Silpa (2015a).
2668:"Contemporary Thai Style"
1617:Buddha images in Thailand
1084:Sukhothai Historical Park
1021:Sukhothai Historical Park
782:was established, and the
4477:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4067:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3362:House of Representatives
3256:Administrative divisions
1731:[Thai Patterns]
1401:and mixed-style such as
1267:King Borommatrailokkanat
1145:Wat Phra That Doi Suthep
1050:Sawankhalok, depicted a
845:, 11th century, Lopburi.
618:, Buddha protected by a
415:Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang
4732:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4328:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2888:Lerner, Martin (1984).
1187:Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep
755:and refers to both the
560:Dvaravati period stone
546:Si Thep Historical Park
3501:Science and technology
3469:Special economic zones
2149:"Prang (architecture)"
1538:, who were Thailand's
1007:, which succeeded it.
743:also known as Khom in
429:, Baan Dong Lakorn in
423:Maha Sarakham province
383:Nakhon Pathom province
89:and religious themes,
39:
3858:Mythological creature
3389:Deputy Prime Minister
3305:Intelligence agencies
2914:The Roots of Thai Art
2649:(in Thai). กรมศิลปากร
1802:Tan, Noel H. (2014).
1516:, which later became
1155:, were influenced by
721:northeastern Thailand
431:Nakhon Nayok province
395:Nakhon Sawan province
341:to produce intricate
283:Kanchanaburi province
181:Mae Klong River Basin
21:
4647:United Arab Emirates
4242:United Arab Emirates
3516:Traditional medicine
3230:World Heritage Sites
3185:Environmental issues
2507:. ศักดิ์ชัย สายสิงห์
2456:วิชญรัฐ, ว. (2020).
1632:History of Asian art
1559:Bangkok Art Biennale
1518:Silpakorn University
1356:During the reign of
1347:Fine Arts Department
1331:Rattanakosin Kingdom
1104:Phitsanulok province
692:Surat Thani province
660:Surat Thani province
594:, which encompassed
185:Tha Chin River Basin
128:Prehistoric Thailand
4672:States with limited
4269:limited recognition
2953:Golden Triangle Art
2531:Thailand Foundation
2407:นิลเดช, เ. (2016).
2373:นิลเดช, เ. (2016).
2349:"เจดีย์ในประเทศไทย"
2265:นิลเดช, เ. (2016).
2208:นิลเดช, เ. (2016).
2117:นิลเดช, เ. (2016).
1824:10.3390/arts3010073
1627:Culture of Thailand
1514:School of Fine Arts
1307:Wat Phra Si Sanphet
1294:Wat Chaiwatthanaram
984:Nakhon Si Thammarat
513:, Dvaravati period.
439:Ratchaburi province
403:Phetchabun province
391:Suphanburi province
205:Udon Thani province
157:Suphanburi province
30:on the base of the
3528:Telecommunications
3180:Floods in Thailand
3078:Siamese Revolution
2947:Rama IX Art Museum
2807:Thai Wood Cravings
2783:Thai Lacquer Works
2085:Boisselier, Jean.
2008:นิลเดช เ. (2016).
1729:"ลวดลายของชาติไทย"
1622:Cinema of Thailand
1574:Sanctuary of Truth
1134:Theravada Buddhism
1088:Sukhothai province
1054:mythical creature.
976:Theravada Buddhism
959:Ayutthaya province
911:Theravada Buddhism
799:Phra Prang Sam Yot
634:, post-Gupta, and
307:Theravada Buddhism
103:mythical creatures
81:, and more. While
40:
4750:
4749:
4714:other territories
4374:
4373:
4311:other territories
3967:
3966:
3927:
3926:
3914:Traditional games
3563:
3562:
3399:
3398:
3379:Political parties
3283:Foreign relations
3238:
3237:
3132:
3131:
3063:Ayutthaya Kingdom
3058:Sukhothai Kingdom
2959:Thai Buddhist Art
2924:978-616-7339-11-5
2873:978-616-283-214-7
2820:978-616-283-212-3
2796:978-616-283-208-6
2761:The Art Newspaper
2619:เดช, นิล (2016).
2175:Albert, Melissa.
1989:. 28 October 2019
1958:"ศิลปกรรมทวารวดี"
1859:978-2-918086-27-7
1652:Music of Thailand
1339:Ayutthaya Kingdom
1231:Ayutthaya Kingdom
1118:northern Thailand
1005:Ayutthaya Kingdom
972:Sukhothai Kingdom
944:Chai Nat province
928:Ayutthaya Kingdom
920:Chai Nat province
780:Sukhothai Kingdom
768:Mahayana Buddhism
731:and as a result,
723:was ruled by the
644:Mahayana Buddhism
592:Srivijaya Kingdom
588:Southern Thailand
327:Mahayana Buddhism
323:southern Thailand
261:Painted pottery,
4775:
4727:Christmas Island
4712:Dependencies and
4415:Sovereign states
4401:
4394:
4387:
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4364:
4354:
4353:
4323:Christmas Island
4009:Sovereign states
3994:
3987:
3980:
3971:
3947:
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3689:Waste management
3574:
3425:
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3249:
3143:
3073:Rattanakosin era
3068:Thonburi Kingdom
3023:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2976:
2966:Thai Manuscript
2936:
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2560:Silpawattanatham
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2462:วารสารสหวิทยาการ
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1783:The Siam Society
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1529:Sawasdi Tantisuk
1497:Contemporary art
1488:
1474:
1460:
1446:
1432:
1418:
1399:Vimanmek Mansion
1325:Rattanakosin art
1316:
1304:
1290:
1278:
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1201:
1183:
1168:
1099:
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1016:
1001:Sangkhalok style
954:
939:
872:U Thong District
864:central Thailand
862:art, emerged in
839:
829:Buriram province
817:
807:Lopburi province
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443:Pattani province
441:, and Yarang in
419:Kalasin province
411:Lamphun province
359:Wheel of the Law
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22:A row of gilded
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4687:Northern Cyprus
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4673:
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4457:Burma (Myanmar)
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4282:Northern Cyprus
4268:
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3828:Public holidays
3823:Performing arts
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3606:Sex trafficking
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3200:Protected areas
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2884:
2882:Further reading
2874:
2863:
2856:
2842:10.2307/3257880
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3961:
3956:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3907:Solar calendar
3904:
3902:Lunar calendar
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3523:Stock Exchange
3520:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3384:Prime Minister
3381:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Municipalities
3157:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Initial states
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2942:
2941:External links
2939:
2938:
2937:
2923:
2908:
2902:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2872:
2854:
2836:(5): 125–132.
2825:
2819:
2801:
2795:
2774:
2773:
2747:
2722:
2684:
2659:
2634:
2602:
2572:
2542:
2518:
2493:
2478:
2448:
2429:
2396:
2362:
2340:
2317:
2313:Bhirasri 2015b
2305:
2288:
2254:
2231:
2195:
2167:
2140:
2106:
2077:
2050:
2023:
2000:
1974:
1948:
1926:
1914:
1889:
1865:
1858:
1838:
1794:
1769:
1745:
1720:
1694:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1510:Silpa Bhirasri
1504:Khrua In Khong
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1384:Khrua In Khong
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1257:, which means
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1171:Wat Lok Moli,
1170:
1163:
1149:King Tilokaraj
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1011:
967:
964:
963:
962:
956:
949:
947:
941:
934:
852:
849:
848:
847:
841:
834:
832:
819:
812:
810:
797:
790:
701:
698:
697:
696:
689:
682:
680:
673:
666:
664:
657:
650:
616:Avalokitesvara
583:
580:
579:
578:
575:
568:
566:
559:
552:
550:
539:
532:
530:
524:
517:
515:
508:
501:
499:
492:
485:
483:
480:
473:
471:
468:
461:
459:
456:
449:
421:, Champasi in
393:, Chan Sen in
375:southern India
367:northern India
292:
289:
288:
287:
276:
269:
267:
260:
253:
251:
244:
237:
235:
218:
211:
177:Nong Ratchawat
171:. During the
155:, situated in
153:Nong Ratchawat
123:
120:
118:
115:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4780:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4697:South Ossetia
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4397:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4357:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4292:South Ossetia
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3990:
3988:
3983:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:Ethnic groups
3635:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Manufacturing
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Early history
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2809:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2748:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2673:
2672:Goterrestrial
2669:
2663:
2660:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2503:
2502:"ศิลปะล้านนา"
2497:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2315:, p. 23.
2314:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2289:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:(2): 123–131.
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2036:Thai Heritage
2033:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1817:(1): 73–104.
1816:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1691:(2): 355–362.
1690:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1588:Wat Rong Khun
1583:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:Fua Haripitak
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1422:Wat Phra Kaew
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:King Rama III
1354:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1225:Ayutthaya art
1224:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1205:Wat Phra Sing
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:Lanna Kingdom
1123:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1034:Phra Achana,
1030:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
991:
990:
989:Phum khao bin
985:
981:
977:
973:
966:Sukhothai art
965:
960:
953:
948:
945:
938:
933:
931:
929:
923:
921:
917:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:Nakhon Pathom
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
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582:Srivijaya art
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297:Dvaravati art
291:Dvaravati art
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101:, as well as
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:Buddha images
84:
80:
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72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
36:Wat Phra Kaew
33:
29:
25:
20:
16:
4642:Turkmenistan
4631:
4607:Saudi Arabia
4307:Dependencies
4237:Turkmenistan
4202:Saudi Arabia
4001:Art of Asia
3870:Architecture
3801:Martial arts
3726:
3722:Architecture
3613:Demographics
3601:Prostitution
3596:Lèse majesté
3442:Car industry
3435:Central bank
3293:Human rights
3266:Constitution
2967:
2913:
2893:
2890:
2859:
2833:
2829:
2806:
2782:
2764:. Retrieved
2760:
2750:
2739:. Retrieved
2734:
2725:
2714:. Retrieved
2712:(1–2): 14–25
2709:
2705:
2676:. Retrieved
2671:
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2637:
2628:
2624:
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2589:
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2564:. Retrieved
2559:
2534:, retrieved
2530:
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2465:
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2416:
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2062:
2053:
2045:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:
2026:
2017:
2013:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1961:
1951:
1940:, retrieved
1935:
1929:
1917:
1906:. Retrieved
1903:Smarthistory
1902:
1892:
1881:. Retrieved
1878:Smart Museum
1877:
1868:
1848:
1841:
1814:
1810:
1797:
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1782:
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1748:
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1723:
1717:(1–2): 1–14.
1714:
1710:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1671:
1556:
1545:
1540:avant-gardes
1522:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1388:
1380:neoclassical
1372:King Rama IV
1370:
1362:Grand Palace
1355:
1351:
1343:Chang Sip Mu
1342:
1328:
1258:
1255:Chang Sip Mu
1254:
1253:
1244:
1228:
1207:, Chiang Mai
1153:Wat Chet Yot
1151:'s ashes at
1142:
1138:Hariphunchai
1115:
998:
994:
988:
969:
924:
908:
854:
771:
765:
714:
612:Central Java
585:
562:dharmachakra
542:dharmachakra
407:Hariphunchai
319:northeastern
300:
176:
152:
151:
135:
111:contemporary
93:, including
55:architecture
42:
41:
15:
4674:recognition
4592:Philippines
4537:South Korea
4532:North Korea
4422:Afghanistan
4366:Asia portal
4267:States with
4187:Philippines
4127:South Korea
4122:North Korea
4017:Afghanistan
3919:Video games
3511:Measurement
3417:Agriculture
3170:Earthquakes
3109:Archaeology
3043:Tai peoples
2627:(in Thai).
2592:(2): 91–119
2093:(in French)
2016:(in Thai).
1532: [
1390:King Rama V
1335:King Rama I
1248:lacquerware
1122:Chiang Saen
1080:Wat Si Chum
1036:Wat Si Chum
868:Chiang Saen
851:U-Thong art
821:Phanom Rung
624:Surat Thani
309:throughout
245:Bowl; from
193:Roman coins
142:prehistoric
51:prehistoric
4757:Categories
4652:Uzbekistan
4627:Tajikistan
4547:Kyrgyzstan
4527:Kazakhstan
4442:Bangladesh
4432:Azerbaijan
4247:Uzbekistan
4222:Tajikistan
4137:Kyrgyzstan
4117:Kazakhstan
4037:Bangladesh
4027:Azerbaijan
3779:Literature
3591:Corruption
3506:Inventions
3424:(currency)
3357:Parliament
3325:Ministries
3288:Government
3276:Commission
3175:Ecoregions
3093:since 2001
3033:Prehistory
3026:Chronology
2903:0870993747
2741:2023-04-25
2716:2023-04-15
2678:2023-04-25
2653:2023-04-25
2596:2023-04-24
2566:2023-04-24
2472:2023-04-24
2468:(1): 58–73
2423:2023-04-24
2186:2023-11-13
2181:Britannica
2177:"Lop Buri"
2158:2023-11-13
2097:2023-11-13
2068:2023-11-13
2063:MET Museum
2041:2023-11-13
2032:"Lop Buri"
1968:2023-04-22
1962:กรมศิลปากร
1922:Lippe 1961
1908:2023-04-22
1883:2023-04-22
1852:. ICOMOS.
1788:2023-04-22
1763:2023-04-21
1739:2023-04-21
1663:References
1552:Chiang Mai
1234:states of
1191:Chiang Mai
1173:Chiang Mai
1130:Chiang Mai
916:Sankhaburi
888:Suphanburi
827:temple in
805:temple in
425:, Sema in
351:terracotta
343:sculptures
295:See also:
263:Ban Chiang
247:Ban Chiang
201:Ban Chiang
199:earrings.
197:Lingling-o
132:Ban Chiang
126:See also:
122:Prehistory
4737:Hong Kong
4692:Palestine
4617:Sri Lanka
4612:Singapore
4497:Indonesia
4408:Asian art
4333:Hong Kong
4287:Palestine
4212:Sri Lanka
4207:Singapore
4087:Indonesia
3769:Festivals
3764:Etiquette
3717:Animation
3684:Squatting
3625:Education
3538:Transport
3457:Renewable
3345:Air Force
3310:Judiciary
3271:Elections
3220:Volcanoes
3205:Provinces
3195:Mountains
3150:Addresses
3138:Geography
3119:Education
3088:1973–2001
3083:1932–1973
2933:761373058
2562:(in Thai)
2511:April 24,
2330:(in Thai)
2087:"Lopburi"
1993:April 25,
1964:(in Thai)
1936:Dvaravati
1407:Benjarong
1157:Sukhothai
1112:Lanna art
904:Ayutthaya
884:Sukhothai
876:Dvaravati
604:Indonesia
371:Amaravati
339:quartzite
335:limestone
303:Dvaravati
59:sculpture
4763:Thai art
4682:Abkhazia
4632:Thailand
4587:Pakistan
4572:Mongolia
4567:Maldives
4562:Malaysia
4462:Cambodia
4356:Category
4277:Abkhazia
4227:Thailand
4182:Pakistan
4162:Mongolia
4157:Maldives
4152:Malaysia
4052:Cambodia
3954:Category
3796:Marriage
3774:Folklore
3744:Clothing
3679:Religion
3669:Language
3662:COVID-19
3647:Gambling
3642:Feminism
3581:Abortion
3553:Railways
3543:Airports
3352:Monarchy
3330:Military
3320:Localism
3244:Politics
3225:Wildlife
3124:Military
3114:Economic
3102:By topic
3038:Peopling
3010:articles
3006:Thailand
2968:Traiphum
2766:25 April
2536:March 8,
2445:: 43–72.
2389:23 April
2355:23 April
2334:March 7,
2281:23 April
2224:23 April
2133:23 April
1942:March 7,
1833:62160170
1657:Thaitone
1595:See also
1450:Wat Arun
1397:and the
982:through
896:Chai Nat
860:Ayothaya
737:Hinduism
729:Cambodia
628:Songkhla
598:and the
331:Hinduism
315:northern
183:and the
173:Iron Age
161:textiles
146:historic
138:rock art
83:Buddhism
79:ceramics
67:textiles
63:painting
47:Thailand
43:Thai art
4657:Vietnam
4557:Lebanon
4487:Georgia
4437:Bahrain
4427:Armenia
4252:Vietnam
4167:Myanmar
4147:Lebanon
4077:Georgia
4032:Bahrain
4022:Armenia
3938:Outline
3848:Aquatic
3838:Symbols
3749:Cuisine
3709:Culture
3569:Society
3533:Tourism
3452:Nuclear
3405:Economy
3261:Cabinet
3210:Regions
3190:Islands
3165:Climate
3155:Borders
3018:History
2850:3257880
1464:Wat Pho
1366:Wat Pho
900:Lopburi
880:Lopburi
856:U-Thong
749:Lopburi
733:Brahmin
717:central
596:Sumatra
495:Si Thep
399:Si Thep
387:U-Thong
311:central
279:Ban Kao
228:⁄
221:Lopburi
189:pottery
117:History
24:Garudas
4702:Taiwan
4637:Turkey
4602:Russia
4542:Kuwait
4522:Jordan
4512:Israel
4472:Cyprus
4452:Brunei
4447:Bhutan
4297:Taiwan
4232:Turkey
4197:Russia
4132:Kuwait
4112:Jordan
4102:Israel
4062:Cyprus
4047:Brunei
4042:Bhutan
3959:Portal
3890:Flower
3880:Emblem
3865:Anthem
3843:Animal
3833:Sports
3784:Poetry
3739:Cinema
3732:Comics
3674:Racism
3652:Health
3618:People
3447:Energy
3374:Police
3367:Senate
3215:Rivers
3008:
2931:
2921:
2900:
2870:
2848:
2817:
2793:
1856:
1831:
1376:Gothic
1236:Angkor
1052:Makara
902:, and
882:, and
776:Angkor
725:Khmers
704:": -->
608:Chaiya
435:Ku Bua
355:Buddha
349:, and
347:stucco
321:, and
195:, and
167:, and
107:motifs
91:nature
75:crafts
32:Ubosot
4742:Macau
4662:Yemen
4622:Syria
4597:Qatar
4577:Nepal
4517:Japan
4492:India
4482:Egypt
4467:China
4338:Macau
4257:Yemen
4217:Syria
4192:Qatar
4172:Nepal
4107:Japan
4082:India
4072:Egypt
4057:China
3945:Index
3875:Deity
3811:Music
3806:Media
3791:Names
3759:Drama
3699:Women
3586:Crime
3430:Banks
3422:Baht
2864:(PDF)
2846:JSTOR
2811:(PDF)
2787:(PDF)
2702:(PDF)
2647:(PDF)
2631:: 83.
2505:(PDF)
2153:Menim
2020:: 45.
1829:S2CID
1807:(PDF)
1757:(PDF)
1733:(PDF)
1707:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1536:]
1240:Lanna
1128:with
980:Lanka
843:Shiva
825:Khmer
803:Khmer
772:Prang
761:Khmer
757:Khmer
741:Khmer
632:Gupta
511:Surya
363:Gupta
169:ramie
99:fauna
95:flora
49:from
28:Nāgas
4582:Oman
4552:Laos
4507:Iraq
4502:Iran
4177:Oman
4142:Laos
4097:Iraq
4092:Iran
3897:Time
3885:Flag
3853:Bird
3753:wine
3489:NEEC
3479:CWEC
3340:Navy
3335:Army
3298:LGBT
2929:OCLC
2919:ISBN
2898:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2815:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2768:2023
2538:2023
2513:2023
2419:: 73
2391:2023
2385:: 57
2357:2023
2336:2023
2283:2023
2277:: 63
2226:2023
2220:: 69
2135:2023
2129:: 53
1995:2023
1944:2023
1854:ISBN
1811:Arts
1642:Khon
1557:The
1527:and
1378:and
1364:and
1238:and
823:, a
801:, a
753:Lavo
719:and
706:edit
640:sena
636:Pala
620:Nāga
379:Mons
329:and
301:The
233:in.)
165:hemp
144:and
130:and
97:and
26:and
4309:and
3727:Art
3657:HIV
3494:SEC
3484:NEC
3474:EEC
3315:Law
2838:doi
2443:105
1819:doi
751:or
727:of
626:to
437:in
417:in
409:in
401:in
389:in
373:in
337:or
34:at
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2844:.
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2121:.
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2100:.
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2071:.
2061:.
2044:.
2034:.
2018:14
2012:.
1985:.
1960:.
1901:.
1876:.
1827:.
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930:.
906:.
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2228:.
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1997:.
1971:.
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