428:
2523:
47:
440:
54:
395:
473:
458:
3358:
2883:
687:
407:
2813:
959:
indicate that the starting point of the tradition of
Dvaravati culture possibly dates as far back as 200 CE. Archaeological, art historical, and epigraphic (inscriptions) evidence all indicate, however, that the main period of Dvaravati spanned the seventh to ninth centuries. Dvaravati culture and
2075:
Wibhu
Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Pittayawat Pittayaporn, Sukhum Ruangchai, Roland SchrÃķder, Enrico Macholdt, Metawee Srikummool, Daoroong Kangwanpong, Alexander HÞbner, Leonardo Arias Alvis, Mark Stoneking (2017).
1508:
2230:"Buddhism and its Relationship to Dvaravati Period Settlement Patterns and Material Culture in Northeast Thailand and Central Laos c. SixthâEleventh Centuries AD: A Historical Ecology Approach to the Landscape of the Khorat Plateau"
1921:
TA-HTAUNG TA_YA HNIT-HSE SHIT-KHU DWARAWATI THEIN YA - 1128 year (= 1766 A.D) obtained at the conquest of
Dwarawati (= Siam). One may note that in that year the Burmese invaded Siam and captured Ayutthaya, the capital, in
2025:
Kutanan, Wibhu; Liu, Dang; Kampuansai, Jatupol; Srikummool, Metawee; Srithawong, Suparat; Shoocongdej, Rasmi; Sangkhano, Sukrit; Ruangchai, Sukhum; Pittayaporn, Pittayawat; Arias, Leonardo; Stoneking, Mark (2021).
3098:
3065:
3053:
2767:
4416:
1573:
1106:, which shows the royal lineage relation between Dvaravati and Chenla. However, the name of such a king was missing. The other king was mentioned in the Nern Phra Ngam inscription, found in
1757:
911:
and ended by a
Sundaravarman and his sons Narapatisimhavarman and Mangalavarman. But at that time, the 12th century, Dvaravati began to come under constant attacks and aggressions of the
1588:
466:
was a
Buddhist sanctuary. The central stupa, rectangular in shape and oriented toward the east, is characteristic of dvaravati architectural style, dated back around 6th-7th century CE.
851:
According to an inscription on a bronze gun acquired by the
Burmese in 1767, when Ayuthia, Siam's capital at the time, fell to an invading Burmese force, the Burmese still referred to
4421:
2348:
2918:
2710:
4436:
798:. Archaeological research over the past two decades or so has revealed the presence of a "Proto-Dvaravati" period which spans the 4th to 5th centuries, and perhaps earlier.
2383:
951:
The traditional chronology of
Dvaravati is mainly based on the Chinese textual account and stylistic comparison by art historians. However, the results from excavations in
2664:(History, development, and geography of the ancient city of Suphan Buri Province, Central Thailand, 8th-25th B.E.), Samnakphim MahÄwitthayÄlai ThammasÄt, Krung ThÄp, 2547.
2779:
2147:
2669:
4431:
1722:
4026:
2406:
1421:. Additionally, groups of musicians have been portrayed with their instruments, prisoners, females with their attendants, soldiers indicative of social life.
4446:
2801:
4401:
4381:
3721:
3393:
2218:
Glover, I. (2011). The
Dvaravati Gap-Linking Prehistory and History in Early Thailand. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 30, 79-86.
899:, amongst others. Legends engraved on royal urns report the following kings: Suryavikrama (673-688), Harivikrama (688-695), Sihavikrama (695-718). A
4426:
3626:
2911:
46:
2851:
982:
4090:
3902:
1775:
3944:
2359:
3875:
1595:
427:
3775:
2386:
3469:
2982:
1963:
4212:
4197:
3652:
955:
and Tha Muang mound at U-Thong raise questions about the traditional dating. Newly dated typical
Dvaravati cultural items from the site of
3484:
3479:
2992:
2987:
3216:
3204:
4441:
3758:
3701:
2904:
2696:
2619:
translated from the French with updates and additional appendices, figures and plans by
Joyanto K.Sen, Bangkok, White Lotus Press, 2006.
1831:
4406:
3897:
3621:
3556:
1051:
The excavation in several sites found silver coins dated the 7th century that mentioned the king and queen of the kingdom written in
3785:
2609:
2595:
2577:
2464:
2207:
1698:
2077:
1098:(K. 978), dated 550 CE, also mentions the enthronement of the Dvaravati ruler, who was also a son of Prathivindravarman, father of
813:, was almost left abandoned, while the remaining was split into the city-state confederation of Suphannabhumi in the west and the
3581:
3515:
3505:
1995:
3838:
3672:
3566:
3313:
3250:
3233:
1555:
481:, was an ancient Dvaravati-style stupa in Si Thep, dated back around 8th-9th century CE, at present, it is large laterite base.
2703:
1067:(the goddess of the meritorious King Dvaravati). In addition, the copper plate dating from the 6thâmid 7th centuries found at
670:
656:
642:
617:
603:
3924:
3885:
3865:
3571:
3489:
2997:
2487:
2311:
3992:
2028:"Reconstructing the Human Genetic History of Mainland Southeast Asia: Insights from Genome-Wide Data from Thailand and Laos"
1798:
1771:
4386:
4058:
3753:
3679:
3616:
3591:
3386:
2677:
271:
4411:
4234:
4085:
3965:
3939:
3853:
3551:
3520:
3510:
3344:
3339:
2410:
1631:
1560:
1468:
4224:
4002:
3596:
3586:
3268:
2808:
694:, (Dvaravati culture), 650-700 C.E.. Three musicians in right are playing (from center) a 5-stringed lute, cymbals, a
2634:
Dedications to Her Royal Highness Princess Galyani Vadhana Krom Luang Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra on her 80th birthday,
1087:
of Khmer reigned from 910â923, 200 years later than the age of the inscription, and Harshavarman I's grandfather was
2625:, âÅŠ-ThÃēng et son importance pour l'histoire de ThaÃŊlande Nouvelles donnÃĐes sur l'histoire ancienne de ThaÃŊlandeâ,
1865:
4155:
3949:
3919:
3890:
3880:
3780:
3474:
3449:
3007:
988:
1003:
rather than a centralised state, expanding from the coastal area of the upper peninsula to the riverine region of
4391:
4165:
4140:
4033:
3912:
3907:
3870:
3860:
3848:
3826:
3611:
3444:
2946:
88:
61:
2774:
4118:
4009:
3997:
3689:
3662:
3379:
3334:
2841:
1414:
969:
2662:
MÆ°Ėang Suphan bon sÄnthÄng kanĖplÄŦanplĮĢng thÄng prawattisÄt Phutthasattawat thÄŦ 8 - ton Phutthasattawat thÄŦ 25
3211:
3199:
4315:
3813:
3694:
2820:
2641:
Living a Life in Accord with Dhamma: Papers in Honor of Professor Jean Boisselier on his Eightieth Birthday,
1758:"The Martaban Trade: An Examination of the Literature from the Seventh Century until the Eighteenth Century"
908:
810:
497:
478:
463:
3245:
4310:
3987:
3684:
3546:
1107:
1040:
1016:
888:
3228:
2762:
2561:
Elizabeth Lyons, âDvaravati, a Consideration of its Formative Periodâ, R. B. Smith and W. Watson (eds.),
1950:
Ayutthaya, they still named the kingdom after its former kingdom as "Krung Thep Dvaravati Sri Ayutthaya".
1083:, and the name mentioned might be the Khmer king as well. However, the periods seem unrelated since King
4244:
4160:
4080:
4021:
3934:
3706:
3667:
3601:
3534:
3194:
2141:
1640:
1569:
999:
Little is known about the administration of Dvaravati. It might simply have been a loose gathering of
4396:
4261:
4075:
4053:
4043:
4038:
3977:
3748:
3741:
3726:
3716:
3640:
3434:
3429:
3278:
3273:
2951:
2941:
1020:
876:
735:). It was described by Chinese pilgrims in the middle of the 7th century as a Buddhist kingdom named
19:
This article is about a historical Mon kingdom. For the Dvaravati in the Hindu epic Mahabharata, see
855:
as Dvaravati. Several genetic studies published in the 2020s also founded the relations between the
721:
political principality from the 6th century to the 11th century, located in the region now known as
4341:
4334:
4303:
4298:
4105:
3929:
3801:
3657:
3606:
3561:
3414:
3406:
3060:
2927:
1406:
1095:
828:
in 1351, as the succeeded state, as its capital's full name referred to the Kingdom of Dvaravati;
99:
2286:
1737:
4376:
4276:
4135:
4070:
4048:
3843:
3763:
3576:
3318:
2846:
2791:
2786:
2267:
1970:
1964:"Synthesis of Suphannabhume historical Knowledge in Suphanburi Province by Participatory Process"
1905:
1762:
1716:
1652:
1536:
977:
900:
784:
748:
546:
412:
3093:
1076:
896:
3048:
884:
4350:
4229:
4219:
4207:
4202:
4095:
3982:
3770:
3459:
3454:
3147:
2972:
2967:
2796:
2605:
2591:
2573:
2460:
2259:
2203:
2117:
2057:
1704:
1694:
1528:
1426:
1365:
1004:
852:
845:
841:
825:
821:
756:
357:
326:
927:
survived its southern progenitors until the late 13th century, when it was incorporated into
871:
The culture of Dvaravati was based around moated cities, the earliest of which appears to be
4293:
4281:
4249:
3831:
3464:
2977:
2249:
2241:
2107:
2097:
2089:
2047:
2039:
2003:
1644:
1520:
1024:
973:
722:
346:
196:
79:
809:
basin around the 11thâ13th centuries. In the 14th century, one of its main principalities,
4355:
4271:
4175:
3736:
3731:
3711:
3362:
3308:
2887:
2622:
2390:
1999:
1935:
1509:"The case for proto-DvÄravatÄŦ: A review of the art historical and archaeological evidence"
1072:
2078:"New insights from Thailand into the maternal genetic history of Mainland Southeast Asia"
2495:
2319:
2125:
439:
4286:
4239:
4113:
3240:
3131:
2738:
2181:
2112:
2052:
2027:
1808:
1284:
1084:
1056:
1036:
920:
916:
649:
368:
260:
4370:
4192:
4170:
4065:
3288:
3283:
3152:
2825:
2585:
2102:
1540:
1422:
1385:
1188:
1099:
1088:
1068:
956:
880:
872:
833:
768:
710:
502:
304:
207:
174:
165:
2271:
2161:
790:
Dvaravati also refers to a culture, an art style, and a disparate conglomeration of
394:
20:
4145:
3121:
3043:
3022:
2657:
New York and Bangkok, Metropolitan Museum of Art and River Books, 2014, p. 32.
2290:
1476:
1399:
1080:
1032:
924:
912:
814:
791:
686:
663:
635:
608:
515:
472:
457:
154:
2672:[Evidences of Governors and Aristocratsâ Existences in Dvaravati Period]
2202:
Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd.,
4180:
4128:
4014:
3439:
3167:
2555:
2448:
860:
695:
416:
143:
110:
53:
2563:
Early South East Asia: Essays in Archaeology, History and Historical Geography,
3157:
3088:
2093:
1524:
1434:
904:
856:
795:
780:
718:
699:
446:
2688:
2263:
2043:
1708:
1532:
4266:
4187:
4149:
3818:
3162:
3126:
787:. Dvaravati sent the first embassy to the Chinese court in around 605â616.
740:
251:
2121:
2061:
2245:
1688:
4123:
3402:
2757:
1803:
1626:
1395:
1110:, dated mid 5th â mid 6th centuries CE but the name was missing as well.
1052:
1012:
1008:
1000:
952:
935:
840:). All former Dvaravati principalities, Lavo, the northern cities of the
744:
533:
528:
282:
185:
2552:
The Dvaravati Wheels of the Law and the Indianization of South East Asia
2524:"Evidences of Governors and Aristocrats' Existences in Dvaravati Period"
1909:
1893:
4254:
3105:
3072:
2869:
2639:
Natasha Eilenberg, M.C. Subhadradis Diskul, Robert L. Brown (editors),
2254:
1661:
1656:
1446:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1028:
1015:
were significant. The three largest settlements appear to have been at
892:
776:
752:
726:
622:
335:
132:
2896:
2229:
3223:
1438:
1410:
1403:
1369:
1280:
1192:
1103:
928:
806:
802:
691:
315:
231:
220:
121:
70:
3371:
2646:
C. Landes, âPiÃĻce de lâÃĐpoque romaine trouvÃĐ Ã U-Thong, ThaÃŊlandeâ,
2426:. In collaboration with Karl-Heinz Golzio. Center for Khmer Studies.
1648:
1556:"DvÄravatÄŦ: The Earliest Kingdom of Siam (6th to 11th Century A.D.)"
406:
2162:"The Mon-Dvaravati Tradition of Early North-central Southeast asia"
1996:"Bronze Gun - 12-pounder bronze Siamese - about early 18th century"
1867:
Traditional Thai historiography and its nineteenth century decline
1391:
772:
685:
293:
863:(Central Thai people) who were the descendants of the Ayutthaya.
382:
Dvaravati Kingdom/culture and contemporary Asian polities, 800 CE
2456:
1071:
also mentions King Harshavarman (āļŦāļĢāļĢāļĐāļ§āļĢāļĄāļąāļ), who was assumed by
965:
961:
3375:
2900:
2692:
2632:
Peter Skilling, "Dvaravati: Recent Revelations and Research",
1469:"āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļāļ! āļāļģāđāļĄāļāļķāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļ§āđāļē "āļĻāļĢāļĩāđāļāļ" āļāļ·āļāļĻāļđāļāļĒāđāļāļĨāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĢāļ§āļāļĩ"
939:
934:
The term Dvaravati derives from coins which were inscribed in
2676:(in Thai). Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University. Archived from
2655:
Lost Kingdoms: Hindu Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast,
2565:
Oxford University Press, New York, 1979, pp. 352â359.
1898:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1589:"The Ai-Lao and Nan Chao/Tali Kingdom: A Re-orientation"
824:, was subsequently founded southward on the bank of the
2670:"āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļāļĒāļđāđāļāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļāļāļĢāļāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļāļąāđāļāļŠāļđāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĢāļ§āļāļĩ"
2590:. New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.
1149:
Rulers before Chakravantin's reign are still unknown.
1075: to be one of the kings of Dvaravati, while
433:
Buddha, art of Dvaravati period, c. 8th-9th century CE
4417:
States and territories established in the 5th century
1739:
Dvaravati: Early Buddhist Kingdom in Central Thailand
1394:
culture, and played an important role in introducing
848:
in 1388, 1438, and the mid-15 century, respectively.
2570:(Sri) Dvaravati: the Initial Phase of Siam's History
1969:(in Thai). Nakhon Ratchasima College. Archived from
801:
Dvaravati lost its importance after the rise of the
4104:
3964:
3800:
3639:
3533:
3498:
3422:
3413:
3327:
3301:
3261:
3187:
3180:
3140:
3114:
3081:
3031:
3015:
3006:
2960:
2934:
2862:
2834:
2750:
844:, and Suphannabhumi, was later incorporated to the
566:
556:
542:
521:
511:
490:
445:Bronze double denarius of the Gallic Roman emperor
400:
Spread of Dvaravati culture and Mon Dvaravati sites
28:
2629:Bangkok, Krom Sinlapakon, 2509 , pp. 161â176.
2424:A Selection of Sanskrit Inscriptions from Cambodia
1660:
2636:Bangkok, The Siam Society, 2003, pp. 87â112.
2554:. Studies in Asian Art and Archaeology, Vol. 18,
1094:Moreover, the inscription found in Ban Wang Pai,
1023:, and Praak Sriracha, with additional centers at
968:from the sixth century onward. Key sites include
725:, and was speculated to be a succeeding state of
1113:The following is a list of rulers of Dvaravati.
1091:, not Isanavarman as the inscription mentioned.
1079:considered the plate was brought from the
2455:(in French). Vol. Tome II et III. Paris:
4422:States and territories disestablished in 1388
3387:
2912:
2704:
2558:, ed. Leiden and New York: E. J. Brill, 1996.
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1063:(King Sridvaravati, who has great merit) and
1039:, Dong Lakhon, U-Taphao, Ban Khu Mueang, and
419:), art of Dvaravati period, c. 8th century CE
8:
2529:(in Thai). Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University
2146:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1347:Rulers between 718 to 949 are still unknown
1832:"The King of Sri Dvaravati and His Regalia"
1797:āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļāļāđ āđāļŦāļĨāđāļēāļĄāļēāļāļ°āđāļāļĢāļīāļ (4 February 2022).
1475:(in Thai). 13 December 2023. Archived from
1390:Dvaravati itself was heavily influenced by
4437:14th-century disestablishments in Thailand
3970:
3806:
3645:
3539:
3419:
3394:
3380:
3372:
3184:
3012:
2919:
2905:
2897:
2711:
2697:
2689:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
1940:(Thesis). Silpakorn University. p. 31
1721:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1627:"The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula"
1115:
730:
25:
2617:The Archaeology of the Mons of DvÄravatÄŦ,
2436:Some Aspects of Asian History and Culture
2253:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2111:
2101:
2051:
1894:"A XVIIth Century Malay Cannon in London"
903:dated 937 documents a line of princes of
2604:, āļāļĢāļļāļāđāļāļāļŊ: āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļīāļĄāļāđāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļāļĢāļēāļ, 2004,
2582:Swearer, Donald K. and Sommai Premchit.
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
1873:(PhD). University of Bristol. p. 21
1620:
1618:
1616:
948:literally means "that which has gates".
2584:The Legend of Queen Cama: Bodhiramsi's
2517:
2515:
2513:
2312:"āļāļēāļĢāļķāļāđāļŦāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĢāļ§āļāļĩ (āđāļĄāļ·āļāļāļāļāļāļāļ 3)"
1690:The Indianized states of Southeast Asia
1457:
923:in the first half of the 12th century.
449:(269-271 AD) found at U Thong, Thailand
4432:5th-century establishments in Thailand
2139:
1714:
1463:
1461:
759:in the South. Its northern border met
2650:vol.26, no.1, 1982, pp. 113â115.
2627:BÅrÄnwitthayÄ rÆ°Ėang MáŧŪang ĘŧÅŠ ThÅĖng,
565:
555:
551:
7:
2643:Bangkok, Silpakorn University, 1997.
1937:THE INTERPRETATION OF SI SATCHANALAI
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
763:, which was speculated to be either
4447:Former monarchies of Southeast Asia
2668:Supitchar Jindawattanaphum (2020).
2522:Supitchar Jindawattanaphum (2020).
1507:Murphy, Stephen A. (October 2016).
1409:on the religious monuments include
4402:Former countries in Southeast Asia
2453:Nouvelles inscriptions du Cambodge
2082:European Journal of Human Genetics
1513:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
1131:
767:, situated along the coast of the
14:
2422:Bhattacharya, Kamaleswar (2009).
1934:JARUDHIRANART, Jaroonsak (2017).
1168:Also father of Prathivindravarman
830:Krung Thep Dvaravati Si Ayutthaya
4382:Former countries in Thai history
3356:
2881:
2164:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
668:
654:
640:
615:
601:
471:
456:
438:
426:
405:
393:
52:
45:
4427:1380s disestablishments in Asia
4213:Traditional musical instruments
2384:"Book Review: Voices from S-21"
1625:Lawrence Palmer Briggs (1950).
919:was ultimately invaded by King
16:7th to 11th-century Mon kingdom
2602:āļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļīāļĨāļāļ°āļŦāļĢāļīāļ āļļāļāđāļāļĒ
2588:, a Translation and Commentary
2572:, Bangkok, Muang Boran, 1999,
2395:The American Historical Review
1:
1273:
1252:
1231:
1031:, Pong Tuk, Mueang Phra Rot,
2411:Special Broadcasting Service
1561:The Journal of Asian Studies
1554:Stanley J. O'Connor (1970).
4091:Water supply and sanitation
2438:by Upendra Thakur. Page 37.
2228:Murphy, Stephen A. (2013).
1864:Pongsripian, Winai (1983).
1839:Journal of the Siam Society
1772:University of HawaiĘŧi Press
1425:have also been found, also
960:influence also spread into
4463:
4442:1st millennium in Thailand
3945:Controlled-access highways
2719:Dvaravati Historical Sites
2184:and Aroonrut Wichienkeeo.
1383:
1276:late 6thâmid 7th centuries
1065:ÅrÄŦdvaravatÄŦsvaradevÄŦpuáđya
989:Nakhon Ratchasima Province
879:. Other key sites include
18:
4407:Former monarchies of Asia
4328:
4027:Universities and colleges
3973:
3809:
3648:
3542:
3353:
2878:
2724:
2494:(in Thai). Archived from
2358:(in Thai). Archived from
2318:(in Thai). Archived from
2103:21.11116/0000-0001-7EEF-6
2094:10.1038/s41431-018-0113-7
1962:āļāļąāļāļāļąāļŠ āđāļāļĩāļĒāļĢāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ (2017).
1807:(in Thai). Archived from
1632:The Far Eastern Quarterly
1525:10.1017/s0022463416000242
1346:
1214:Son of Prathivindravarman
1148:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
837:
731:
714:
580:
576:
552:
387:
40:
35:
3759:House of Representatives
3653:Administrative divisions
2186:The Chiang Mai Chronicle
1799:"āļāļ§āļēāļĢāļ§āļāļĩ āđāļāļāļąāļāļāļķāļāļāļāļāļāļĩāļ"
820:However, a new kingdom,
739:situated to the west of
2287:"Dvaravati art in Isan"
2285:Pichaya Svasti (2013).
838:āļāļĢāļļāļāđāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĢāļ§āļāļĩāļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļĒāļļāļāļĒāļē
702:with a gourd resonator.
3898:Science and technology
3866:Special economic zones
3335:Constitutional history
2648:The Silpakorn Journal,
2044:10.1093/molbev/msab124
1892:Blagden, C.O. (1941).
1756:Pamela Gutman (2002).
1687:CÅdÃĻs, George (1968).
1108:Nakhon Pathom province
1061:ÅrÄŦdvaravatÄŦsvarapunya
703:
568:âĒ Disestablished
4255:Mythological creature
3786:Deputy Prime Minister
3702:Intelligence agencies
3082:Northeastern Thailand
2835:Northeastern Thailand
2246:10.1353/asi.2013.0017
1830:Boeles, J.J. (1964).
1736:Indrawooth, Phasook.
1641:Duke University Press
1570:Duke University Press
964:and parts of lowland
689:
512:Common languages
4387:Buddhism in Thailand
3913:Traditional medicine
3627:World Heritage Sites
3582:Environmental issues
2952:Peopling of Thailand
2660:WÄrunÄŦ ĘŧÅsathÄrom.
2413:(December 10, 2007).
1976:on 16 September 2017
1587:Grant Evans (2014).
944:. The Sanskrit word
877:Suphan Buri Province
4412:Indianized kingdoms
3363:Thailand portal
3269:Nakhon Si Thammarat
2928:History of Thailand
2888:Thailand portal
2763:Chula Prathon Chedi
2739:HaripuÃąjaya Kingdom
2006:on 20 February 2024
1479:on 14 December 2023
1096:Phetchabun province
991:, and many others.
558:âĒ Established
3925:Telecommunications
3577:Floods in Thailand
3475:Siamese Revolution
2792:Phra Pathommachedi
2787:Phra Prathon Chedi
2742:(7thâ13th century)
2734:(7thâ11th century)
2498:on 31 October 2023
2407:SBS French program
2389:2008-10-12 at the
2365:on 8 November 2023
2322:on 8 November 2023
2234:Asian Perspectives
2128:on 18 January 2024
1763:Asian Perspectives
1178:Prathivindravarman
785:northeast Thailand
771:somewhere between
747:), to the east of
704:
547:Post-classical era
415:wheel of the law (
4364:
4363:
4324:
4323:
4311:Traditional games
3960:
3959:
3796:
3795:
3776:Political parties
3680:Foreign relations
3635:
3634:
3529:
3528:
3460:Ayutthaya Kingdom
3455:Sukhothai Kingdom
3369:
3368:
3297:
3296:
3262:Southern Thailand
3188:Northern Thailand
3181:Regional kingdoms
3176:
3175:
3141:Southern Thailand
3115:Northern Thailand
2894:
2893:
2842:Fa Daet Song Yang
2731:Dvaravati Kingdom
2683:on 25 April 2024.
2600:āļŠāļļāļĢāļāļĨ āļāļģāļĢāļīāļŦāđāļāļļāļĨ,
2550:Robert L. Brown,
2488:"āļāļēāļĢāļķāļāļāđāļēāļāļ§āļąāļāđāļāđ"
2349:"āļāļēāļĢāļķāļāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāļ"
1778:on 2 October 2023
1665:on 26 April 2024.
1576:on 28 April 2024.
1473:www.silpa-mag.com
1398:and particularly
1377:
1376:
1366:Rajendravarman II
1279:Unrelated to the
1005:Chao Phraya River
901:Khmer inscription
846:Ayutthaya Kingdom
842:Sukhothai Kingdom
826:Chao Phraya River
729:or Lang-ya-hsiu (
717:) was an ancient
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
628:
627:
328:ABBASID CALIPHATE
30:Dvaravati Kingdom
4454:
4392:Buddhist culture
4344:
4337:
4086:Waste management
3971:
3822:
3807:
3646:
3540:
3470:Rattanakosin era
3465:Thonburi Kingdom
3420:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3373:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3345:Economic history
3340:Military history
3302:Regional history
3254:
3237:
3220:
3208:
3185:
3102:
3069:
3057:
3032:Central Thailand
3013:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2898:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2863:Western Thailand
2855:
2817:
2805:
2783:
2771:
2751:Central Thailand
2713:
2706:
2699:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2675:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2519:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2484:
2471:
2470:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2404:
2398:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2353:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2257:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2200:
2189:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2124:. Archived from
2115:
2105:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2038:(8): 3459â3477.
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2002:. Archived from
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1811:on 28 April 2024
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1774:. Archived from
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1684:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1659:. Archived from
1622:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1601:on 14 March 2023
1600:
1594:. Archived from
1593:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1572:. Archived from
1551:
1545:
1544:
1504:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1465:
1275:
1255:late 6th century
1254:
1233:
1133:
1116:
986:
974:Kalasin Province
839:
755:), and adjoined
734:
733:
723:central Thailand
716:
672:
671:
658:
657:
644:
643:
632:
631:
619:
618:
605:
604:
598:
597:
582:
581:
475:
460:
442:
430:
409:
397:
375:
373:
364:
362:
353:
351:
342:
340:
331:
329:
322:
320:
311:
309:
300:
298:
289:
287:
278:
276:
267:
265:
256:
254:
247:
245:
236:
234:
227:
225:
216:
214:
203:
201:
192:
190:
181:
179:
170:
168:
161:
159:
150:
148:
139:
137:
128:
126:
117:
115:
106:
104:
95:
93:
84:
82:
81:UYGHUR KHAGANATE
75:
73:
66:
64:
57:
56:
49:
36:6thâ11th century
26:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4320:
4225:Public holidays
4220:Performing arts
4100:
4003:Sex trafficking
3956:
3820:
3792:
3631:
3597:Protected areas
3525:
3494:
3409:
3400:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3328:Topical history
3323:
3293:
3257:
3248:
3231:
3214:
3202:
3172:
3136:
3110:
3096:
3077:
3063:
3051:
3027:
3002:
2956:
2930:
2925:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2858:
2849:
2830:
2811:
2799:
2777:
2765:
2746:
2745:
2720:
2717:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2623:Jean Boisselier
2615:Pierre Dupont,
2547:
2545:Further reading
2542:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2474:
2467:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2405:
2401:
2397:(October 2002).
2391:Wayback Machine
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2201:
2192:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2000:Royal Armouries
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1943:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1914:
1912:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1713:
1701:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1649:10.2307/2049556
1624:
1623:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1506:
1505:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1402:to the region.
1388:
1382:
1187:Also father of
1073:Jean Boisselier
1049:
997:
980:
875:in what is now
869:
669:
655:
641:
616:
609:Mon city-states
602:
569:
559:
538:
507:
486:
485:
484:
483:
482:
479:Khao Khlang Nok
476:
468:
467:
464:Khao Khlang Nai
461:
452:
451:
450:
443:
435:
434:
431:
422:
421:
420:
410:
402:
401:
398:
383:
380:
379:
378:
377:
376:
371:
369:
367:
365:
360:
358:
356:
354:
349:
347:
345:
343:
338:
336:
334:
332:
327:
325:
323:
316:
314:
312:
305:
303:
301:
294:
292:
290:
283:
281:
279:
274:Paleo-Siberians
272:
270:
268:
261:
259:
257:
252:
250:
248:
243:
241:
239:
237:
232:
230:
228:
221:
219:
217:
211:
208:
206:
204:
197:
195:
193:
186:
184:
182:
175:
173:
171:
166:
164:
162:
157:
155:
153:
151:
146:
144:
142:
140:
135:
133:
131:
129:
124:
122:
120:
118:
113:
111:
109:
107:
102:
100:
98:
96:
91:
89:
87:
85:
80:
78:
76:
71:
69:
67:
62:
60:
58:
51:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4460:
4458:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4369:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4304:Solar calendar
4301:
4299:Lunar calendar
4291:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3920:Stock Exchange
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3781:Prime Minister
3778:
3773:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Municipalities
3554:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:Initial states
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3243:
3238:
3226:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3008:Initial states
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2620:
2613:
2598:
2580:
2568:Dhida Saraya,
2566:
2559:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2509:
2472:
2465:
2440:
2428:
2415:
2399:
2376:
2356:finearts.go.th
2333:
2303:
2277:
2240:(2): 300â326.
2220:
2211:
2190:
2182:David K. Wyatt
2174:
2153:
2088:(6): 898â911.
2067:
2017:
1987:
1954:
1926:
1904:(1): 122â124.
1884:
1856:
1822:
1789:
1748:
1728:
1699:
1668:
1612:
1579:
1546:
1519:(3): 366â392.
1490:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1423:Votive tablets
1384:Main article:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:Harshavarman I
1277:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1181:āļāļĪāļāļīāļ§āļĩāļāļāļĢāļ§āļĢāļĄāļąāļ
1179:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1085:Harshavarman I
1057:Pallava script
1048:
1045:
1037:Kamphaeng Saen
1035:, Si Mahosot,
996:
993:
970:Mueang Fa Daet
921:Suryavarman II
917:Southeast Asia
868:
865:
861:Siamese people
792:principalities
761:Chia-lo-she-fo
682:
681:
678:
677:
674:
673:
666:
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659:
652:
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629:
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543:Historical era
540:
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531:
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366:
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108:
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59:
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33:
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15:
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3:
2:
4459:
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4280:
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4097:
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4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Ethnic groups
4032:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
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3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Manufacturing
3859:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:
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3811:
3808:
3805:
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3799:
3787:
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3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Early history
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3364:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Raktamaritika
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:Suphannabhumi
3059:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:Early history
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2889:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
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2819:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
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2781:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:974-7383-61-6
2607:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:0-7914-3776-0
2593:
2589:
2587:
2586:Camadevivamsa
2581:
2579:
2578:974-7381-34-6
2575:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2466:2-85539-617-4
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:9786167339443
2205:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2032:Mol Biol Evol
2029:
2021:
2018:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1857:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1700:0-7081-0140-2
1696:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:trays, and a
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1386:Dvaravati art
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1189:Bhavavarman I
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:Bhavavarman I
1097:
1092:
1090:
1089:Indravarman I
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:Nakhon Pathom
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
994:
992:
990:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
954:
949:
947:
943:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
907:started by a
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Nakhon Pathom
878:
874:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
817:in the east.
816:
812:
808:
805:in the lower
804:
799:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:Bay of Bengal
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
728:
724:
720:
712:
708:
701:
697:
693:
688:
667:
665:
662:
661:
653:
651:
648:
647:
639:
637:
634:
633:
630:
624:
621:
614:
613:
610:
607:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
575:
571:
561:
548:
545:
541:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
524:
520:
517:
514:
510:
504:
503:Nakhon Pathom
501:
499:
496:
495:
493:
489:
480:
474:
465:
459:
448:
441:
429:
418:
414:
408:
396:
386:
374:
363:
352:
341:
330:
321:
319:
310:
308:
299:
297:
288:
286:
277:
275:
266:
264:
255:
246:
235:
226:
224:
215:
213:
202:
200:
191:
189:
180:
178:
169:
160:
149:
138:
127:
116:
105:
94:
83:
74:
65:
55:
48:
39:
34:
27:
22:
4267:Architecture
4198:Martial arts
4119:Architecture
4010:Demographics
3998:Prostitution
3993:LÃĻse majestÃĐ
3839:Car industry
3832:Central bank
3690:Human rights
3663:Constitution
3122:Singhanavati
3038:
3023:Suvarnabhumi
2993:1973 to 2001
2988:1932 to 1973
2983:Rattanakosin
2737:
2730:
2729:
2685:</ref>
2678:the original
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2616:
2601:
2583:
2569:
2562:
2556:Fontein, Jan
2551:
2531:. Retrieved
2500:. Retrieved
2496:the original
2492:db.sac.or.th
2491:
2452:
2449:Saveros, Pou
2443:
2435:
2431:
2423:
2418:
2402:
2394:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2360:the original
2355:
2324:. Retrieved
2320:the original
2315:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2291:Bangkok post
2280:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2214:
2185:
2177:
2166:. Retrieved
2156:
2142:cite journal
2130:. Retrieved
2126:the original
2085:
2081:
2070:
2035:
2031:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:the original
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1971:the original
1957:
1949:
1942:. Retrieved
1936:
1929:
1920:
1913:. Retrieved
1901:
1897:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1866:
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1845:(1): 102â103
1842:
1838:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:the original
1802:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:the original
1767:
1761:
1751:
1738:
1731:
1693:. Honolulu.
1689:
1662:the original
1636:
1630:
1603:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1582:
1574:the original
1565:
1559:
1549:
1516:
1512:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1472:
1445:, bells and
1441:chandelier,
1400:Buddhist art
1389:
1364:Ancestor of
1296:Suryavikrama
1267:Harshavarman
1224:
1204:
1163:
1157:Chakravantin
1112:
1093:
1081:Khmer Empire
1077:George CÅdÃĻs
1064:
1060:
1050:
998:
950:
945:
938:
933:
925:Hariphunchai
915:and central
913:Khmer Empire
870:
850:
829:
819:
815:Lavo Kingdom
800:
789:
764:
760:
736:
706:
705:
650:Hariphunchai
591:Succeeded by
590:
585:
572:11th century
317:
306:
295:
284:
273:
262:
240:
222:
209:
198:
187:
176:
4397:Mon history
4316:Video games
3908:Measurement
3814:Agriculture
3567:Earthquakes
3506:Archaeology
3440:Tai peoples
3314:Phitsanulok
3249: [
3232: [
3215: [
3203: [
3168:Tambralinga
3132:HaripuÃąjaya
3097: [
3064: [
3052: [
2850: [
2812: [
2800: [
2778: [
2775:Dong Lakhon
2766: [
2533:19 December
2502:19 December
2255:10125/38732
2010:20 February
1643:: 256â305.
1483:14 December
1433:, pottery,
1358:āļ§āļēāļ āļāļļāđāļāļāļāļĢ
1355:Vap Upendra
1330:Sihavikrama
1313:Harivikrama
1246:Isanavarman
1234:6th century
1027:, Chansen,
981: [
737:To-lo-po-ti
696:tube zither
586:Preceded by
562:6th century
417:Dharmacakra
4371:Categories
4176:Literature
3988:Corruption
3903:Inventions
3821:(currency)
3754:Parliament
3722:Ministries
3685:Government
3673:Commission
3572:Ecoregions
3490:since 2001
3430:Prehistory
3423:Chronology
3195:Chiang Mai
3158:Langkasuka
3094:Khottrabun
3089:Canasapura
2998:Since 2001
2942:Prehistory
2809:Si Mahosot
2653:John Guy,
2369:8 November
2326:8 November
2168:2009-12-15
2132:19 January
1605:21 January
1453:References
1435:terracotta
1249:āļāļĩāļŠāļēāļāļ§āļĢāļĄāļąāļ
1160:āļāļąāļāļĢāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļīāļ
1021:Suphanburi
995:Government
909:Bhagadatta
905:Canasapura
897:Si Mahosot
857:Mon people
796:Mon people
783:in modern
781:Canasapura
765:Kalasapura
749:Sri Ksetra
732:āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļĒāļ°āļŠāļīāđāļ§
700:bar zither
690:Thailand,
664:Suphanburi
447:Victorinus
92:PRATIHARAS
4377:Dvaravati
4166:Festivals
4161:Etiquette
4114:Animation
4081:Squatting
4022:Education
3935:Transport
3854:Renewable
3742:Air Force
3707:Judiciary
3668:Elections
3617:Volcanoes
3602:Provinces
3592:Mountains
3547:Addresses
3535:Geography
3516:Education
3485:1973â2001
3480:1932â1973
3163:Srivijaya
3127:Ngoenyang
3049:Phip Phli
3039:Dvaravati
3016:Legendary
2973:Ayutthaya
2968:Sukhothai
2935:Antiquity
2316:sac.or.th
2296:March 13,
2264:1535-8283
1980:8 January
1717:cite book
1709:961876784
1541:163844418
1533:0022-4634
1270:āļŦāļĢāļĢāļĐāļ§āļĢāļĄāļąāļ
1138:Romanized
1001:chiefdoms
946:dvÄravatÄŦ
942:dvÄravatÄŦ
885:Phong Tuk
853:Ayutthaya
822:Ayutthaya
741:Isanapura
727:Lang-chia
707:Dvaravati
623:Lang-chia
522:Religion
348:BYZANTINE
339:KHAGANATE
253:SRIVIJAYA
4351:Category
4193:Marriage
4171:Folklore
4141:Clothing
4076:Religion
4066:Language
4059:COVID-19
4044:Gambling
4039:Feminism
3978:Abortion
3950:Railways
3940:Airports
3749:Monarchy
3727:Military
3717:Localism
3641:Politics
3622:Wildlife
3521:Military
3511:Economic
3499:By topic
3435:Peopling
3407:articles
3403:Thailand
2978:Thonburi
2797:Phra Rot
2758:Chan Sen
2451:(2002).
2387:Archived
2272:53315185
2122:29483671
2062:33905512
1944:13 April
1915:13 April
1910:41559979
1877:13 April
1849:13 April
1815:28 April
1804:Matichon
1782:27 April
1443:earrings
1429:for tin
1396:Buddhism
1281:Ankorian
1053:Sanskrit
1013:Buddhism
1009:Hinduism
953:Chan Sen
936:Sanskrit
745:Cambodia
534:Hinduism
529:Buddhism
285:Samoyeds
188:Jurchens
101:RASHTRA-
90:GURJARA-
4335:Outline
4245:Aquatic
4235:Symbols
4146:Cuisine
4106:Culture
3966:Society
3930:Tourism
3849:Nuclear
3802:Economy
3658:Cabinet
3607:Regions
3587:Islands
3562:Climate
3552:Borders
3415:History
3319:Bangkok
3279:Pattani
3274:Singora
3212:Lamphun
3200:Lampang
3148:Pan Pan
3106:Wen Dan
3073:Tun Sun
2961:History
2870:Khu Bua
2821:Si Thep
2113:5974021
2053:8321548
1657:2049556
1447:cymbals
1431:amulets
1415:makaras
1411:garudas
1335:695-718
1318:688-695
1301:673â688
1225:Unknown
1205:Unknown
1164:Unknown
1069:U Thong
1041:Si Thep
1033:Lopburi
1029:Khu Bua
1025:U Thong
957:U-Thong
893:Khu Bua
889:Si Thep
873:U Thong
867:History
811:Si Thep
777:Rangoon
757:Pan Pan
715:āļāļ§āļēāļĢāļ§āļāļĩ
636:Lopburi
516:Old Mon
498:Si Thep
491:Capital
370:TIBETAN
318:Shatuos
307:Tanguts
263:Kyrgyzs
177:Khitans
158:DYNASTY
21:DvÄrakÄ
4356:Portal
4287:Flower
4277:Emblem
4262:Anthem
4240:Animal
4230:Sports
4181:Poetry
4136:Cinema
4129:Comics
4071:Racism
4049:Health
4015:People
3844:Energy
3771:Police
3764:Senate
3612:Rivers
3405:
3241:Phayao
3224:Lan Na
2826:Uthong
2608:
2594:
2576:
2463:
2270:
2262:
2206:
2188:, p.33
2120:
2110:
2060:
2050:
1908:
1707:
1697:
1655:
1539:
1531:
1439:bronze
1427:moulds
1417:, and
1407:motifs
1404:Stucco
1392:Indian
1283:king,
1193:Chenla
1104:Chenla
1047:Rulers
929:Lan Na
807:Mekong
803:Angkor
692:Ku Bua
372:EMPIRE
361:YABGUS
359:OGHUZ-
350:EMPIRE
337:KHAZAR
296:Kimeks
242:DVARA-
233:CHENLA
223:Tatars
212:YABGHU
210:KARLUK
199:Tungus
147:SHAHIS
114:EMPIRE
4342:Index
4272:Deity
4208:Music
4203:Media
4188:Names
4156:Drama
4096:Women
3983:Crime
3827:Banks
3819:Baht
3289:Reman
3284:Satun
3253:]
3246:Phrae
3236:]
3219:]
3207:]
3101:]
3068:]
3056:]
2854:]
2816:]
2804:]
2782:]
2770:]
2681:(PDF)
2674:(PDF)
2527:(PDF)
2363:(PDF)
2352:(PDF)
2268:S2CID
1974:(PDF)
1967:(PDF)
1922:1767.
1906:JSTOR
1871:(PDF)
1835:(PDF)
1770:(1).
1743:(PDF)
1653:JSTOR
1639:(3).
1599:(PDF)
1592:(PDF)
1568:(2).
1537:S2CID
1419:NÄgas
1370:Ankor
1361:949-?
1211:550â?
1184:?â550
1141:Thai
1125:Reign
1119:Order
1055:with
985:]
779:, or
773:Tavoy
753:Burma
167:SILLA
123:CHAM-
103:KUTAS
4294:Time
4282:Flag
4250:Bird
4150:wine
3886:NEEC
3876:CWEC
3737:Navy
3732:Army
3695:LGBT
3309:Isan
3044:Lavo
2847:Sema
2606:ISBN
2592:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2535:2023
2504:2023
2461:ISBN
2457:EFEO
2371:2023
2328:2023
2298:2021
2260:ISSN
2204:ISBN
2148:link
2134:2024
2118:PMID
2058:PMID
2012:2024
1982:2023
1946:2023
1917:2023
1879:2023
1851:2023
1817:2024
1784:2024
1723:link
1705:OCLC
1695:ISBN
1607:2024
1529:ISSN
1485:2023
1132:Ref.
1128:Note
1122:Name
1011:and
978:Sema
966:Laos
962:Isan
895:and
859:and
834:Thai
775:and
711:Thai
244:VATI
156:TANG
145:TURK
136:ZHAO
134:NAN-
112:PALA
63:SIND
4124:Art
4054:HIV
3891:SEC
3881:NEC
3871:EEC
3712:Law
3229:Nan
2250:hdl
2242:doi
2108:PMC
2098:hdl
2090:doi
2048:PMC
2040:doi
1645:doi
1521:doi
1380:Art
1368:of
1191:of
1102:of
987:in
972:in
940:ÅrÄŦ
794:of
719:Mon
698:or
413:Mon
72:800
4373::
3251:th
3234:th
3217:th
3205:th
3099:th
3066:th
3054:th
2852:th
2814:th
2802:th
2780:th
2768:th
2512:^
2490:.
2475:^
2459:.
2409:.
2393:.
2354:.
2336:^
2314:.
2289:.
2266:.
2258:.
2248:.
2238:52
2236:.
2232:.
2193:^
2144:}}
2140:{{
2116:.
2106:.
2096:.
2086:26
2084:.
2080:.
2056:.
2046:.
2036:38
2034:.
2030:.
1998:.
1948:.
1919:.
1902:19
1900:.
1896:.
1843:52
1841:.
1837:.
1801:.
1768:40
1766:.
1760:.
1719:}}
1715:{{
1703:.
1671:^
1651:.
1635:.
1629:.
1615:^
1566:29
1564:.
1558:.
1535:.
1527:.
1517:47
1515:.
1511:.
1493:^
1471:.
1460:^
1449:.
1413:,
1352:10
1327:09
1310:08
1293:07
1274:c.
1264:06
1253:c.
1243:05
1232:c.
1221:04
1201:03
1175:02
1154:01
1059::
1043:.
1019:,
1007:.
983:th
976:,
931:.
891:,
887:,
883:,
836::
713::
125:PA
4152:)
4148:(
3395:e
3388:t
3381:v
2920:e
2913:t
2906:v
2712:e
2705:t
2698:v
2612:.
2537:.
2506:.
2469:.
2373:.
2330:.
2300:.
2274:.
2252::
2244::
2171:.
2150:)
2136:.
2100::
2092::
2064:.
2042::
2014:.
1984:.
1881:.
1853:.
1819:.
1786:.
1745:.
1725:)
1711:.
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