42:
1510:, and so probably dominate in oligotrophic conditions. Their ammonia oxidation pathway requires less oxygen than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, so they do better in environments with low oxygen concentrations like sediments and hot springs. Ammonia-oxidizing Nitrososphaerota can be identified metagenomically by the presence of archaeal ammonia monooxygenase (
2099:
Walker CB, de la Torre JR, Klotz MG, Urakawa H, Pinel N, Arp DJ, Brochier-Armanet C, Chain PS, Chan PP, Gollabgir A, Hemp J, Hügler M, Karr EA, Könneke M, Shin M, Lawton TJ, Lowe T, Martens-Habbena W, Sayavedra-Soto LA, Lang D, Sievert SM, Rosenzweig AC, Manning G, Stahl DA (May 2010).
1619:
Nitrososphaerota, which compose the Marine Group I.1a, are distributed in the subphotic zone, between 100m and 350m. Other marine
Nitrososphaerota live in shallower waters. One study has identified two novel Nitrososphaerota species living in the sulfidic environment of a tropical
1552:. This is done using a hydroxypropionate/hydroxybutyrate cycle similar to the Thermoproteota but which appears to have evolved independently. All Nitrososphaerota that have been identified by metagenomics thus far encode this pathway. Notably, the Nitrososphaerota CO
1962:
Spang A, Hatzenpichler R, Brochier-Armanet C, Rattei T, Tischler P, Spieck E, Streit W, Stahl DA, Wagner M, Schleper C (August 2010). "Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammonia-oxidizing archaea supports the phylum
Thaumarchaeota".
3531:"Microbial community stratification controlled by the subseafloor fluid flow and geothermal gradient at the Iheya North hydrothermal field in the Mid-Okinawa Trough (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 331)"
1518:
as a substrate for nitrification. This would allow for competition with phytoplankton that also grow on urea. One study of microbes from wastewater treatment plants found that not all
Nitrososphaerota that express
1556:-fixation pathway is more efficient than any known aerobic autotrophic pathway. This efficiency helps explain their ability to thrive in low-nutrient environments. Some Nitrososphaerota such as
1539:. Isotopic analysis indicates that most nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere from the ocean, which provides around 30% of the natural flux, may be due to the metabolic activities of archaea.
1640:, though the nature of this relationship is unknown. The two species are very large, forming filaments larger than ever before observed in archaea. As with many Nitrososphaerota, they are
1514:) genes, which indicate that they are overall more dominant than ammonia oxidizing bacteria. In addition to ammonia, at least one Nitrososphaerota strain has been shown to be able to use
2163:
Schouten S, Hopmans EC, Schefuß E, Damste JS (2002). "Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids: a new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures?".
4595:
2358:
1101:
314:
Nitrososphaerota-derived membrane-spanning tetraether lipids (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers; GDGTs) from marine sediments can be used to reconstruct past temperatures via the
1644:. Genetic analysis and the observation that the most basal identified Nitrososphaerota genomes are from hot environments suggests that the ancestor of Nitrososphaerota was
2672:
Lebedeva EV, Hatzenpichler R, Pelletier E, Schuster N, Hauzmayer S, Bulaev A, Grigor'eva NV, Galushko A, Schmid M, Palatinszky M, Le
Paslier D, Daims H, Wagner M (2013).
2505:"Genome sequence of Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis from group I.1b enriched from Everglades soil reveals novel genomic features of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea"
2674:"Enrichment and genome sequence of the group I.1a ammonia-oxidizing Archaeon "Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis" representing a clade globally distributed in thermal habitats"
2003:
Pearson A, Hurley SJ, Walter SR, Kusch S, Lichtin S, Zhang YG (2016). "Stable carbon isotope ratios of intact GDGTs indicate heterogeneous sources to marine sediments".
3688:
4569:
3625:"Pangenome evidence for extensive interdomain horizontal transfer affecting lineage core and shell genes in uncultured planktonic thaumarchaeota and euryarchaeota"
2407:"Nitrososphaera viennensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic and mesophilic, ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from soil and a member of the archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota"
2380:
2384:
1105:
3300:
Mussmann M, Brito I, Pitcher A, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Hatzenpichler R, Richter A, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Müller A, Daims H, Wagner M, Head IM (October 2011).
2562:
Könneke M, Bernhard AE, de la Torre JR, Walker CB, Waterbury JB, Stahl DA (September 2005). "Isolation of an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon".
4556:
1502:
Nitrososphaerota are important ammonia oxidizers in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and are the first archaea identified as being involved in
4582:
1564:. At least two isolated strains have been identified as obligate mixotrophs, meaning they require a source of organic carbon in order to grow.
1527:, indicating a potential for a diversity of metabolic lifestyles within the phylum. Marine Nitrososphaerota have also been shown to produce
3681:
3359:
Santoro AE, Buchwald C, McIlvin MR, Casciotti KL (2011-09-02). "Isotopic
Signature of N2O Produced by Marine Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea".
1781:
Tourna M, Stieglmeier M, Spang A, Könneke M, Schintlmeister A, Urich T, Engel M, Schloter M, Wagner M, Richter A, Schleper C (May 2011).
3173:
Könneke M, Schubert DM, Brown PC, Hügler M, Standfest S, Schwander T, Schada von
Borzyskowski L, Erb TJ, Stahl DA, Berg IA (June 2014).
1913:"A DNA topoisomerase IB in Thaumarchaeota testifies for the presence of this enzyme in the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eucarya"
2299:
3477:"First description of giant Archaea (Thaumarchaeota) associated with putative bacterial ectosymbionts in a sulfidic marine habitat"
2790:"Genomic and proteomic characterization of "Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis": an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from the open ocean"
2456:"First description of giant Archaea (Thaumarchaeota) associated with putative bacterial ectosymbionts in a sulfidic marine habitat"
1523:
genes are active ammonia oxidizers. These
Nitrososphaerota may be capable of oxidizing methane instead of ammonia, or they may be
4621:
3726:
264:. This assignment was confirmed by further analysis published in 2010 that examined the genomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea
3721:
3674:
3006:"Genome sequence of "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus salaria" BD31, an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from the San Francisco Bay estuary"
2733:"A novel ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from wastewater treatment plant: Its enrichment, physiological and genomic characteristics"
4587:
3053:
Bayer B, Vojvoda J, Offre P, Alves RJ, Elisabeth NH, Garcia JA, Volland JM, Srivastava A, Schleper C, Herndl GJ (May 2016).
3805:
3795:
3778:
2248:
3302:"Thaumarchaeotes abundant in refinery nitrifying sludges express amoA but are not obligate autotrophic ammonia oxidizers"
2957:"Draft genome sequence of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon, "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus koreensis" AR1, from marine sediment"
4530:
3055:"Physiological and genomic characterization of two novel marine thaumarchaeal strains indicates niche differentiation"
335:
2227:
238:
4649:
3235:
Qin W, Amin SA, Martens-Habbena W, Walker CB, Urakawa H, Devol AH, Ingalls AE, Moffett JW, Armbrust EV (2014).
2331:
2304:
2277:
272:
266:
244:
232:
50:
2106:
genome reveals unique mechanisms for nitrification and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea"
4095:
3810:
4659:
4483:
1662:
4535:
1225:
1177:
647:
608:
386:
3773:
2849:"Genome of a low-salinity ammonia-oxidizing archaeon determined by single-cell and metagenomic analysis"
1215:
1166:
1152:
637:
600:
376:
215:
210:
141:
135:
3529:
Breuker A, Schippers A, Nishizawa M, Takaki Y, Sunamura M, Urabe T, Nunoura T, Takai K (October 2014).
1314:
322:, as these lipids vary in structure according to temperature. Because most Nitrososphaerota seem to be
4056:
1449:
1263:
1187:
933:
694:
366:
4654:
4626:
4543:
3593:
3542:
3488:
3431:
3368:
3313:
3248:
3186:
3126:
3066:
2860:
2801:
2744:
2685:
2626:
2571:
2516:
2467:
2172:
2117:
2012:
1857:
1798:
1603:, production of it by the Nitrososphaerota may be important for a large number of aquatic organisms.
1471:
1363:
1252:
1234:
1125:
983:
787:
654:
393:
293:
257:
3944:
3237:"Marine ammonia-oxidizing archaeal isolates display obligate mixotrophy and wide ecotypic variation"
2503:
Zhalnina KV, Dias R, Leonard MT, Dorr de
Quadros P, Camargo FA, Drew JC, et al. (7 July 2014).
1410:
1339:
1326:
1276:
814:
712:
497:
4521:
2908:"Genome sequence of an ammonia-oxidizing soil archaeon, "Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis" MY1"
1633:
1507:
1436:
1289:
906:
732:
1567:
A study has revealed that
Nitrososphaerota are most likely the dominant producers of the critical
1423:
1199:
879:
338:
pool, and thus have the potential to be used for reconstructions of the carbon cycle in the past.
4011:
3889:
3790:
3768:
3756:
3731:
3400:
2595:
2188:
1763:
1351:
770:
444:
308:
156:
65:
2405:
Stieglmeier M, Klingl A, Alves RJ, Rittmann SK, Melcher M, Leisch N, et al. (August 2014).
3582:"Ammonia oxidation-dependent growth of group I.1b Thaumarchaeota in acidic red soil microcosms"
2788:
Santoro AE, Dupont CL, Richter RA, Craig MT, Carini P, McIlvin MR, et al. (January 2015).
4608:
4402:
4282:
4183:
4106:
4029:
3800:
3763:
3751:
3741:
3654:
3611:
3568:
3506:
3457:
3392:
3384:
3341:
3282:
3264:
3214:
3152:
3092:
3035:
2986:
2937:
2888:
2829:
2770:
2713:
2654:
2587:
2544:
2485:
2436:
2145:
2074:
1980:
1944:
1893:
1875:
1826:
1755:
1705:
1657:
1596:
1398:
1304:
862:
676:
483:
434:
147:
288:
for the phylum. Most organisms of this lineage thus far identified are chemolithoautotrophic
4613:
4410:
4340:
3715:
3644:
3636:
3601:
3558:
3550:
3496:
3447:
3439:
3376:
3331:
3321:
3272:
3256:
3204:
3194:
3142:
3134:
3082:
3074:
3025:
3017:
2976:
2968:
2927:
2919:
2878:
2868:
2819:
2809:
2760:
2752:
2703:
2693:
2644:
2634:
2579:
2534:
2524:
2475:
2426:
2418:
2180:
2176:
2135:
2125:
2064:
2056:
2020:
1972:
1934:
1924:
1883:
1865:
1816:
1806:
1747:
1695:
1388:
473:
219:
4574:
4324:
4268:
4222:
4131:
4006:
3991:
3973:
3958:
3901:
3884:
3175:"Ammonia-oxidizing archaea use the most energy-efficient aerobic pathway for CO2 fixation"
1543:
1114:
582:
424:
119:
89:
3597:
3546:
3492:
3435:
3372:
3317:
3252:
3190:
3130:
3070:
2864:
2805:
2748:
2689:
2630:
2575:
2520:
2471:
2121:
2016:
1861:
1802:
4240:
4151:
4081:
3931:
3913:
3746:
3649:
3624:
3563:
3530:
3452:
3419:
3336:
3301:
3277:
3236:
3209:
3174:
3147:
3114:
3087:
3054:
3030:
3005:
2981:
2956:
2932:
2907:
2883:
2848:
2824:
2789:
2765:
2732:
2708:
2673:
2649:
2614:
2613:
Lehtovirta-Morley LE, Stoecker K, Vilcinskas A, Prosser JI, Nicol GW (September 2011).
2539:
2504:
2431:
2406:
2140:
2101:
2069:
2044:
1939:
1912:
1821:
1782:
1621:
1588:
1560:
are able to incorporate organic carbon as well as inorganic, indicating a capacity for
1536:
1532:
1481:
1373:
1000:
831:
514:
451:
297:
223:
3666:
2184:
4643:
4466:
4349:
4258:
4195:
4171:
3826:
3623:
Deschamps P, Zivanovic Y, Moreira D, Rodriguez-Valera F, López-García P (June 2014).
3501:
3476:
2615:"Cultivation of an obligate acidophilic ammonia oxidizer from a nitrifying acid soil"
2480:
2455:
1888:
1845:
1600:
1572:
1528:
1503:
253:
56:
3404:
2192:
1506:. They are capable of oxidizing ammonia at much lower substrate concentrations than
311:
indicates that they constitute ~1% of the sea surface metagenome across many sites.
41:
4392:
4387:
4370:
4319:
4308:
3968:
3953:
3896:
3835:
2955:
Park SJ, Kim JG, Jung MY, Kim SJ, Cha IT, Kwon K, Lee JH, Rhee SK (December 2012).
2599:
1767:
305:
301:
281:
249:
2873:
2698:
2529:
4515:
4248:
3923:
3908:
1730:
Brochier-Armanet C, Boussau B, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (March 2008). "Mesophilic
1645:
1584:
1568:
1546:
1524:
1460:
1139:
958:
4506:
3306:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3179:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2794:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2619:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2110:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1791:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3697:
2060:
2024:
1976:
1576:
4600:
3420:"Aquatic metagenomes implicate Thaumarchaeota in global cobalamin production"
3388:
3268:
2354:
2326:
1879:
3606:
3581:
3380:
3326:
3260:
3199:
2814:
2639:
2130:
1870:
1811:
1641:
1637:
1561:
331:
323:
285:
261:
17:
3658:
3615:
3572:
3510:
3461:
3443:
3396:
3345:
3286:
3218:
3156:
3138:
3096:
3078:
3039:
2990:
2941:
2892:
2833:
2774:
2717:
2658:
2591:
2548:
2489:
2440:
2422:
2149:
2078:
2045:"The Thaumarchaeota: an emerging view of their phylogeny and ecophysiology"
1984:
1948:
1929:
1830:
1759:
1709:
1700:
1683:
2206:
1897:
4500:
3785:
3640:
3554:
2847:
Blainey PC, Mosier AC, Potanina A, Francis CA, Quake SR (February 2011).
2272:
1616:
4561:
3021:
2972:
2923:
2906:
Kim BK, Jung MY, Yu DS, Park SJ, Oh TK, Rhee SK, Kim JF (October 2011).
2583:
1751:
3701:
289:
201:
76:
2756:
276:, concluding that these species form a distinct lineage that includes
3418:
Doxey AC, Kurtz DA, Lynch MD, Sauder LA, Neufeld JD (February 2015).
1583:
from the environment; thus the Nitrososphaerota could play a role in
205:
197:
4477:
54:, partially with virions of Nitrosopumilus spindle-shaped virus 1 (
4122:
3108:
3106:
1684:"Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes"
315:
226:(formerly Crenarchaeota). Three described species in addition to
4548:
3475:
Muller F, Brissac T, Le Bris N, Felbeck H, Gros O (August 2010).
3004:
Mosier AC, Allen EE, Kim M, Ferriera S, Francis CA (April 2012).
2454:
Muller F, Brissac T, Le Bris N, Felbeck H, Gros O (August 2010).
2411:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
4231:
1515:
4481:
3670:
284:
has been found only in Nitrososphaerota, making it a potential
218:
and found to differ significantly from other members of the
3113:
Brochier-Armanet C, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (February 2012).
1911:
Brochier-Armanet C, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (December 2008).
2731:
Li Y, Ding K, Wen X, Zhang B, Shen B, Yang Y (March 2016).
1571:. This finding has important implications for eukaryotic
2359:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1615:, are marine and live in the open ocean. Most of these
1102:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
4490:
4401:
4348:
4339:
4239:
4230:
4221:
4121:
4054:
3942:
3877:
3858:
3834:
3825:
1542:Many members of the phylum assimilate carbon by
1100:The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
260:that was previously thought to be unique to the
252:data, such as the sequences of these organisms'
3241:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1850:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1587:and by extension global levels of atmospheric
3682:
2385:National Center for Biotechnology Information
1106:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
2043:Pester M, Schleper C, Wagner M (June 2011).
1734:: Proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the
330:, their GDGTs can act as a record for past
292:-oxidizers and may play important roles in
248:. The phylum was proposed in 2008 based on
4478:
4345:
4236:
4227:
3831:
3689:
3675:
3667:
1787:, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon from soil"
40:
31:
3648:
3605:
3562:
3500:
3451:
3335:
3325:
3276:
3208:
3198:
3146:
3086:
3029:
2980:
2931:
2882:
2872:
2823:
2813:
2764:
2707:
2697:
2648:
2638:
2538:
2528:
2479:
2430:
2139:
2129:
2068:
1938:
1928:
1887:
1869:
1820:
1810:
1699:
1846:"Archaea in coastal marine environments"
1591:. Because of the importance of vitamin B
1674:
3535:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
3230:
3228:
3168:
3166:
256:genes, and the presence of a form of
7:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2038:
2036:
2034:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1595:in biological processes such as the
2165:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1624:. Of these two species, Candidatus
975:
949:
922:
895:
868:
803:
776:
766:
701:
689:
682:
643:
633:
595:
588:
578:
489:
479:
440:
430:
382:
372:
362:
355:
25:
3115:"Spotlight on the Thaumarchaeota"
3502:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02309.x
2481:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02309.x
1632:, the latter is associated with
2228:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
2049:Current Opinion in Microbiology
2005:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
1648:, and mesophily evolved later.
1611:Many Nitrososphaerota, such as
572:Phylogeny of Nitrososphaerota
349:Phylogeny of Nitrososphaerota
1:
2185:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00979-2
1368:Lehtovirta-Morley et al. 2016
3629:Genome Biology and Evolution
3580:Wu Y, Conrad R (July 2014).
2874:10.1371/journal.pone.0016626
2699:10.1371/journal.pone.0080835
2530:10.1371/journal.pone.0101648
179:Brochier-Armanet et al. 2008
108:Brochier-Armanet et al. 2021
2249:"LTP_06_2022 Release Notes"
1740:Nature Reviews Microbiology
1682:Oren A, Garrity GM (2021).
204:proposed in 2008 after the
4676:
3481:Environmental Microbiology
2460:Environmental Microbiology
1579:and must acquire vitamin B
1508:ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
336:dissolved inorganic carbon
4458:
3709:
3586:FEMS Microbiology Ecology
2061:10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.007
2025:10.1016/j.gca.2016.02.034
1977:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.003
1785:Nitrososphaera viennensis
1688:Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
1636:with which it may have a
1466:DeLong & Preston 1996
1131:corrig. Zhang et al. 2019
997:
980:
973:
954:
947:
927:
920:
900:
893:
873:
866:
828:
808:
801:
781:
774:
764:
726:
706:
699:
687:
680:
651:
641:
631:
605:
593:
586:
511:
494:
487:
477:
448:
438:
428:
390:
380:
370:
360:
239:Nitrososphaera viennensis
162:
155:
132:
127:
66:Scientific classification
64:
48:
39:
34:
2387:(NCBI) taxonomy database
2332:Genome Taxonomy Database
2305:Genome Taxonomy Database
2278:Genome Taxonomy Database
2104:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
1844:DeLong EF (1992-06-15).
1626:Giganthauma insulaporcus
1613:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
1558:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
1476:corrig. Jung et al. 2018
273:Nitrososphaera gargensis
267:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
245:Nitrososphaera gargensis
233:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
51:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
4096:Methanomassiliicoccales
4021:Methanonatronarchaeales
3607:10.1111/1574-6941.12340
3381:10.1126/science.1208239
3327:10.1073/pnas.1106427108
3261:10.1073/PNAS.1324115111
3200:10.1073/pnas.1402028111
3010:Journal of Bacteriology
2961:Journal of Bacteriology
2912:Journal of Bacteriology
2815:10.1073/pnas.1416223112
2640:10.1073/pnas.1107196108
2273:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
2177:2002E&PSL.204..265S
2131:10.1073/pnas.0913533107
1871:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5685
1812:10.1073/pnas.1013488108
1630:Giganthauma karukerense
1378:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
1355:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
1309:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
1294:de la Torre et al. 2008
1258:de la Torre et al. 2008
1119:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
4018:Methanonatronarchaeia
3928:"Methanofastidiosales"
3444:10.1038/ismej.2014.142
3139:10.1038/ismej.2011.145
3079:10.1038/ismej.2015.200
2423:10.1099/ijs.0.063172-0
1965:Trends in Microbiology
1930:10.1186/1745-6150-3-54
1701:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056
1663:List of Archaea genera
1638:symbiotic relationship
320:paleotemperature proxy
4300:"Methanomethylicales"
3868:"Hydrothermarchaeles"
3865:"Hydrothermarchaeia"
3859:"Hydrothermarchaeota"
1535:has implications for
294:biogeochemical cycles
278:Cenarchaeum symbiosum
211:Cenarchaeum symbiosum
171:"Nitrososphaeraeota"
4418:"Heimdallarchaeales"
4297:"Methanomethylicia"
4279:"Geothermarchaeales"
4100:"Natronoplasmatales"
4086:"Aciduliprofundales"
4045:"Syntropharchaeales"
3555:10.1128/AEM.01741-14
2379:Sayers, et al.
2300:"ar53_r214.sp_label"
1575:, many of which are
258:type I topoisomerase
4465:Alternative views:
4068:"Thermoprofundales"
4039:"Syntropharchaeia"
3878:"Methanobacteriota"
3851:"Persephonarchaeia"
3598:2014FEMME..89..127W
3547:2014ApEnM..80.6126Y
3493:2010EnvMi..12.2371M
3436:2015ISMEJ...9..461D
3373:2011Sci...333.1282S
3367:(6047): 1282–1285.
3318:2011PNAS..10816771M
3253:2014PNAS..11112504Q
3247:(34): 12504–12509.
3191:2014PNAS..111.8239K
3131:2012ISMEJ...6..227B
3071:2016ISMEJ..10.1051B
3022:10.1128/JB.00013-12
2973:10.1128/JB.01857-12
2924:10.1128/JB.05717-11
2865:2011PLoSO...616626B
2806:2015PNAS..112.1173S
2749:2016NatSR...623747L
2690:2013PLoSO...880835L
2631:2011PNAS..10815892L
2584:10.1038/nature03911
2576:2005Natur.437..543K
2521:2014PLoSO...9j1648Z
2472:2010EnvMi..12.2371M
2122:2010PNAS..107.8818W
2017:2016GeCoA.181...18P
1862:1992PNAS...89.5685D
1803:2011PNAS..108.8420T
1752:10.1038/nrmicro1852
1634:Gammaproteobacteria
1454:Santoro et al. 2015
1415:Moeller et al. 2019
1226:Conexivisphaeraceae
1178:Geothermarchaeaceae
648:Conexivisphaeraceae
609:Geothermarchaeaceae
387:Conexivisphaeraceae
167:Whitman et al. 2018
165:"Nitrososphaerota"
4276:Conexivisphaerales
4137:"Aenigmatarchaeia"
4103:"Sysuiplasmatales"
4012:Methanomicrobiales
4001:"Methanoliparales"
3890:Methanobacteriales
3641:10.1093/gbe/evu127
2737:Scientific Reports
1352:Nitrososphaeraceae
1216:Conexivisphaerales
1167:Geothermarchaeales
1153:Nitrosodeserticola
1144:Muller et al. 2010
771:Nitrososphaeraceae
638:Conexivisphaerales
601:Geothermarchaeales
445:Nitrososphaeraceae
377:Conexivisphaerales
142:Geothermarchaeales
136:Conexivisphaerales
4637:
4636:
4609:Open Tree of Life
4484:Taxon identifiers
4475:
4474:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4403:Heimdallarchaeota
4382:"Sigynarchaeales"
4335:
4334:
4303:"Nezhaarchaeales"
4283:Nitrososphaerales
4209:"Undinarchaeota"
4189:"Nanohalarchaeia"
4162:"Huberarchaeota"
4132:Aenigmatarchaeota
4117:
4116:
4107:Thermoplasmatales
4092:"Lunaplasmatales"
4089:"Gimiplasmatales"
4042:"Methanophagales"
4030:Methanosarcinales
3998:"Methanoliparia"
3963:"Mnemosynellales"
2757:10.1038/srep23747
2417:(Pt 8): 2738–52.
1856:(12): 5685–5689.
1658:Eocyte hypothesis
1597:citric acid cycle
1487:
1477:
1467:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1399:Nitrosopumilaceae
1394:
1379:
1369:
1356:
1345:
1332:
1319:
1315:Methylarchaeaceae
1310:
1305:Nitrososphaerales
1295:
1282:
1269:
1259:
1240:
1230:
1221:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1173:
1158:
1157:Hwang et al. 2021
1145:
1132:
1120:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1011:
863:Nitrosopumilaceae
852:
851:
843:
842:
753:
752:
744:
743:
677:Nitrososphaerales
666:
665:
620:
619:
567:
566:
562:
561:
553:
552:
544:
543:
535:
534:
526:
525:
484:Nitrosopumilaceae
463:
462:
435:Nitrososphaerales
414:
413:
405:
404:
220:hyperthermophilic
186:
185:
180:
177:"Thaumarchaeota"
174:
168:
148:Nitrososphaerales
35:Nitrososphaerota
27:Phylum of archaea
16:(Redirected from
4667:
4630:
4629:
4617:
4616:
4604:
4603:
4591:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4565:
4564:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4479:
4443:"Wukongarchaeia"
4435:"Borrarchaeales"
4424:"Kariarchaeales"
4415:"Gerdarchaeales"
4411:Heimdallarchaeia
4379:"Lokiarchaeales"
4363:"Hermodarchaeia"
4346:
4316:"Marsarchaeales"
4292:"Culexarchaeles"
4289:"Culexarchaeia"
4273:"Caldarchaeales"
4237:
4228:
4184:Nanohalarchaeota
4057:Thermoplasmatota
4034:Methanotrichales
4026:Methanosarcinia
3988:"Methanocellia"
3920:"Theionarchaeia"
3832:
3738:
3718:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3668:
3662:
3652:
3619:
3609:
3576:
3566:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3424:The ISME Journal
3415:
3409:
3408:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3119:The ISME Journal
3110:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3059:The ISME Journal
3050:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2935:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2827:
2817:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2701:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2532:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2434:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2381:"Thaumarchaeota"
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2355:"Thaumarchaeota"
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2171:(1–2): 265–274.
2160:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2072:
2040:
2029:
2028:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1932:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1873:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1727:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1679:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1453:
1450:Nitrosopelagicus
1440:
1427:
1414:
1401:
1392:
1389:Nitrosopumilales
1377:
1367:
1354:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1308:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1264:Nitrosocaldaceae
1257:
1239:Kato et al. 2020
1238:
1229:Kato et al. 2020
1228:
1220:Kato et al. 2020
1219:
1205:Adam et al. 2022
1204:
1193:Adam et al. 2022
1192:
1188:Geothermarchaeum
1181:Adam et al. 2022
1180:
1172:Adam et al. 2022
1171:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1118:
976:
950:
934:Nitrosopelagicus
923:
896:
869:
804:
777:
767:
702:
695:Nitrosocaldaceae
690:
683:
644:
634:
596:
589:
579:
569:
568:
490:
480:
474:Nitrosopumilales
441:
431:
383:
373:
367:Conexivisphaeria
363:
356:
346:
345:
190:Nitrososphaerota
178:
173:Oren et al. 2015
172:
166:
103:Nitrososphaerota
44:
32:
21:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4650:2008 in science
4640:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4586:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4555:
4547:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4486:
4476:
4471:
4446:
4438:"Sifarchaeales"
4429:"Njordarchaeia"
4421:"Hodarchaeales"
4397:
4376:"Helarchaeales"
4360:"Freyrarchaeia"
4357:"Baldrarchaeia"
4331:
4325:Thermoproteales
4269:Nitrososphaeria
4253:"Korarchaeales"
4223:Proteoarchaeota
4217:
4212:"Undinarchaeia"
4165:"Huberarchaeia"
4142:"Altarchaeota"
4113:
4076:"Poseidoniales"
4050:
4007:Methanomicrobia
3992:Methanocellales
3983:"Hikarchaeales"
3974:Halobacteriales
3959:Archaeoglobales
3938:
3902:Methanococcales
3885:Methanobacteria
3873:
3854:
3846:"Hadarchaeales"
3821:
3820:
3736:
3714:
3705:
3695:
3665:
3622:
3579:
3541:(19): 6126–35.
3528:
3524:
3522:Further reading
3519:
3518:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3312:(40): 16771–6.
3299:
3298:
3294:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3185:(22): 8239–44.
3172:
3171:
3164:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2918:(19): 5539–40.
2905:
2904:
2900:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2625:(38): 15892–7.
2612:
2611:
2607:
2570:(7058): 543–6.
2561:
2560:
2556:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2327:"Taxon History"
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2116:(19): 8818–23.
2098:
2097:
2086:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2002:
2001:
1992:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1729:
1728:
1717:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1654:
1628:and Candidatus
1609:
1594:
1582:
1555:
1550:
1500:
1486:Qin et al. 2017
1428:Lehtovirta 2011
1402:Qin et al. 2017
1393:Qin et al. 2017
1364:Nitrosocosmicus
1331:Hua et al. 2019
1318:Hua et al. 2019
1281:Luo et al. 2021
1268:Qin et al. 2016
1253:Nitrosocaldales
1235:Conexivisphaera
1126:Cenoporarchaeum
1115:Nitrososphaeria
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
853:
844:
788:Nitrosocosmicus
754:
745:
667:
655:Conexivisphaera
621:
583:Nitrososphaeria
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
464:
425:Nitrososphaeria
415:
406:
394:Conexivisphaera
344:
329:
319:
123:
120:Nitrososphaeria
109:
106:
105:
93:
90:Proteoarchaeota
79:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4673:
4671:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4618:
4605:
4601:thaumarchaeota
4592:
4579:
4566:
4553:
4540:
4527:
4522:Thaumarchaeota
4512:
4496:
4494:
4492:Thaumarchaeota
4488:
4487:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4432:"Sifarchaeia"
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4367:
4366:"Jordarchaeia"
4364:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4314:
4313:"Gearchaeales"
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4263:"Hecatellales"
4256:
4255:
4254:
4245:
4243:
4241:Thermoproteota
4234:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4204:"Nanohalobiia"
4202:
4201:"Nanoarchaeia"
4192:
4191:
4190:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:"Micrarchaeia"
4168:
4167:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4157:"Iainarchaeia"
4148:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4082:Thermoplasmata
4079:
4078:
4077:
4073:"Poseidoniia"
4071:
4070:
4069:
4065:"Izemarchaea"
4062:
4060:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3980:"Hikarchaeia"
3978:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3950:
3948:
3945:Halobacteriota
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3932:Thermococcales
3929:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3914:Methanopyrales
3906:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3843:"Hadarchaeia"
3840:
3838:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3811:Mesomycetozoea
3808:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3747:Diaphoretickes
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:classification
3696:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3635:(7): 1549–63.
3620:
3577:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3487:(8): 2371–83.
3467:
3410:
3351:
3292:
3224:
3162:
3102:
3065:(5): 1051–63.
3045:
2996:
2967:(24): 6940–1.
2947:
2898:
2839:
2780:
2723:
2684:(11): e80835.
2664:
2605:
2554:
2515:(7): e101648.
2495:
2466:(8): 2371–83.
2446:
2397:
2371:
2345:
2318:
2291:
2264:
2240:
2219:
2198:
2155:
2084:
2030:
1990:
1954:
1917:Biology Direct
1903:
1836:
1797:(20): 8420–5.
1773:
1736:Thaumarchaeota
1715:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1622:mangrove swamp
1608:
1605:
1592:
1589:carbon dioxide
1580:
1553:
1548:
1537:climate change
1533:greenhouse gas
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1482:Nitrosopumilus
1478:
1472:Nitrosarchaeum
1468:
1456:
1443:
1441:Li et al. 2016
1430:
1417:
1411:Nitrosospongia
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1374:Nitrososphaera
1370:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:Ou et al. 2022
1340:Methanotowutia
1333:
1327:Methylarchaeum
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1283:
1277:Nitrosothermus
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:Nitrosopumilus
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
984:Nitrosarchaeum
979:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
953:
948:
946:
943:
942:
939:
938:
926:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
899:
894:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
872:
867:
865:
859:
858:
855:
854:
850:
849:
846:
845:
841:
840:
837:
836:
832:Nitrososphaera
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
815:Nitrosopolaris
807:
802:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
780:
775:
773:
765:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
751:
750:
747:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
713:Nitrosothermus
705:
700:
698:
688:
686:
681:
679:
673:
672:
669:
668:
664:
663:
660:
659:
650:
642:
640:
632:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
618:
617:
614:
613:
604:
594:
592:
587:
585:
577:
574:
573:
565:
564:
560:
559:
556:
555:
551:
550:
547:
546:
542:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
529:
528:
524:
523:
520:
519:
515:Nitrosopumilus
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
498:Nitrosarchaeum
493:
488:
486:
478:
476:
470:
469:
466:
465:
461:
460:
457:
456:
452:Nitrososphaera
447:
439:
437:
429:
427:
421:
420:
417:
416:
412:
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:
399:
398:
389:
381:
379:
371:
369:
361:
359:
354:
351:
350:
343:
340:
334:ratios in the
327:
317:
298:nitrogen cycle
296:, such as the
224:Thermoproteota
194:Thaumarchaeota
184:
183:
182:
181:
175:
169:
160:
159:
153:
152:
151:
150:
145:
138:
130:
129:
125:
124:
117:
115:
111:
110:
107:
101:
99:
95:
94:
87:
85:
81:
80:
75:
73:
69:
68:
62:
61:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4672:
4661:
4660:Archaea phyla
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4442:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4350:Lokiarchaeota
4347:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4309:Thermoproteia
4307:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4259:Bathyarchaeia
4257:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:Nanoarchaeota
4193:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:Micrarchaeota
4169:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:Iainarchaeota
4149:
4145:"Altarchaeia"
4144:
4143:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3954:Archaeoglobia
3952:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:Euryarchaeota
3824:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Stramenopiles
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3737:(major groups
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3592:(1): 127–34.
3591:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3430:(2): 461–71.
3429:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3125:(2): 227–30.
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:(8): 2121–2.
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2859:(2): e16626.
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2800:(4): 1173–8.
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2360:
2356:
2353:J.P. Euzéby.
2349:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:(8): 331–40.
1970:
1966:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:(3): 245–52.
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:Crenarchaeota
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1601:DNA synthesis
1598:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1573:phytoplankton
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1531:, which as a
1530:
1529:nitrous oxide
1526:
1525:heterotrophic
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:nitrification
1497:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1437:Nitrosotenuis
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1291:
1290:Nitrosocaldus
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
995:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
985:
978:
977:
971:
970:
967:
966:
963:
961:
960:
952:
951:
945:
944:
941:
940:
937:
935:
932:
925:
924:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
908:
907:Nitrosotenuis
905:
898:
897:
891:
890:
887:
886:
883:
881:
878:
871:
870:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
848:
847:
839:
838:
835:
834:
833:
826:
825:
822:
821:
818:
816:
813:
806:
805:
799:
798:
795:
794:
791:
789:
786:
779:
778:
772:
769:
768:
762:
761:
758:
757:
749:
748:
740:
739:
736:
734:
733:Nitrosocaldus
731:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
714:
711:
704:
703:
696:
692:
691:
685:
684:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
662:
661:
658:
657:
656:
649:
646:
645:
639:
636:
635:
629:
628:
625:
624:
616:
615:
612:
610:
602:
598:
597:
591:
590:
584:
581:
580:
576:
575:
571:
570:
558:
557:
549:
548:
540:
539:
531:
530:
522:
521:
518:
517:
516:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
499:
492:
491:
485:
482:
481:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
459:
458:
455:
454:
453:
446:
443:
442:
436:
433:
432:
426:
423:
422:
419:
418:
410:
409:
401:
400:
397:
396:
395:
388:
385:
384:
378:
375:
374:
368:
365:
364:
358:
357:
353:
352:
348:
347:
341:
339:
337:
333:
325:
321:
312:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
269:
268:
263:
259:
255:
254:ribosomal RNA
251:
247:
246:
241:
240:
235:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
176:
170:
164:
163:
161:
158:
154:
149:
146:
143:
139:
137:
134:
133:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
113:
112:
104:
100:
97:
96:
91:
86:
84:Superphylum:
83:
82:
78:
74:
71:
70:
67:
63:
59:
58:
57:Thaspiviridae
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4491:
4393:Thorarchaeia
4388:Odinarchaeia
4371:Lokiarchaeia
4320:Sulfolobales
3969:Halobacteria
3897:Methanococci
3836:Hadarchaeota
3796:Opisthokonta
3632:
3628:
3589:
3585:
3538:
3534:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3244:
3240:
3182:
3178:
3122:
3118:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2915:
2911:
2901:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2389:. Retrieved
2374:
2363:. Retrieved
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2330:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2303:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2276:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2201:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2055:(3): 300–6.
2052:
2048:
2008:
2004:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1776:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1694:(10): 5056.
1691:
1687:
1677:
1646:thermophilic
1629:
1625:
1612:
1610:
1585:algal blooms
1566:
1557:
1541:
1520:
1511:
1501:
1480:
1470:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1424:Nitrosotalea
1420:
1407:
1386:
1372:
1360:
1336:
1323:
1302:
1286:
1273:
1251:
1247:
1233:
1213:
1200:Scotarchaeum
1198:
1186:
1165:
1161:
1149:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1099:
999:
998:
982:
981:
957:
955:
930:
928:
903:
901:
880:Nitrosotalea
876:
874:
830:
829:
811:
809:
784:
782:
729:
727:
709:
707:
653:
652:
606:
513:
512:
496:
495:
450:
449:
392:
391:
313:
302:carbon cycle
282:crenarchaeol
280:. The lipid
277:
271:
265:
250:phylogenetic
243:
237:
231:
228:C. symbiosum
227:
209:
193:
189:
187:
118:
102:
60:) attached.
55:
49:
29:
18:Thaumarchaea
4655:Vitamin B12
4516:Wikispecies
4467:Wikispecies
4249:Korarchaeia
3924:Thermococci
3909:Methanopyri
3698:Prokaryotes
1607:Environment
1577:auxotrophic
1569:vitamin B12
1461:Cenarchaeum
1140:Giganthauma
1104:(LPSN) and
959:Cenarchaeum
326:that fix CO
306:Metagenomic
4644:Categories
2391:2021-03-20
2365:2021-03-20
1669:References
1642:mesophilic
1617:planktonic
1562:mixotrophy
1498:Metabolism
1447:Candidatus
1434:Candidatus
1421:Candidatus
1408:Candidatus
1361:Candidatus
1337:Candidatus
1324:Candidatus
1287:Candidatus
1274:Candidatus
1150:Candidatus
1137:Candidatus
324:autotrophs
309:sequencing
262:eukaryotes
3791:Amoebozoa
3769:Alveolata
3757:Cryptista
3732:Eukaryota
3389:0036-8075
3269:0027-8424
2743:: 23747.
2207:"The LTP"
2011:: 18–35.
1880:0027-8424
332:Carbon-13
286:biomarker
216:sequenced
4562:11048569
4549:10594366
4507:Q1186957
4501:Wikidata
3786:Amorphea
3764:Rhizaria
3752:Hacrobia
3742:Excavata
3727:Bacteria
3659:24923324
3616:24724989
3573:25063666
3511:21966926
3462:25126756
3405:36668258
3397:21798895
3346:21930919
3287:25114236
3219:24843170
3157:22071344
3097:26528837
3040:22461555
2991:23209206
2942:21914867
2893:21364937
2853:PLOS ONE
2834:25587132
2775:27030530
2718:24278328
2678:PLOS ONE
2659:21896746
2592:16177789
2549:24999826
2509:PLOS ONE
2490:21966926
2441:24907263
2193:54198843
2150:20421470
2079:21546306
1985:20598889
1949:19105819
1831:21525411
1760:18274537
1710:34694987
1652:See also
1262:Family "
342:Taxonomy
300:and the
196:) are a
157:Synonyms
98:Phylum:
72:Domain:
4462:Source:
3801:Animals
3722:Archaea
3702:Archaea
3650:4122925
3594:Bibcode
3564:4178666
3543:Bibcode
3489:Bibcode
3453:4303638
3432:Bibcode
3369:Bibcode
3361:Science
3337:3189051
3314:Bibcode
3278:4151751
3249:Bibcode
3210:4050595
3187:Bibcode
3148:3260508
3127:Bibcode
3088:4839502
3067:Bibcode
3031:3318490
2982:3510587
2933:3187385
2884:3043068
2861:Bibcode
2825:4313803
2802:Bibcode
2766:4814877
2745:Bibcode
2709:3835317
2686:Bibcode
2650:3179093
2627:Bibcode
2600:4340386
2572:Bibcode
2540:4084955
2517:Bibcode
2468:Bibcode
2432:4129164
2173:Bibcode
2141:2889351
2118:Bibcode
2070:3126993
2013:Bibcode
1940:2621148
1898:1608980
1858:Bibcode
1822:3100973
1799:Bibcode
1768:8030169
1397:Family
1350:Family
1313:Family
1224:Family
1176:Family
1108:(NCBI)
290:ammonia
222:phylum
202:Archaea
200:of the
114:Class:
77:Archaea
4627:559429
4614:102415
4588:951425
4536:392682
4341:Asgard
3779:Plants
3716:Domain
3657:
3647:
3614:
3571:
3561:
3509:
3460:
3450:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3344:
3334:
3285:
3275:
3267:
3217:
3207:
3155:
3145:
3095:
3085:
3038:
3028:
2989:
2979:
2940:
2930:
2891:
2881:
2832:
2822:
2773:
2763:
2716:
2706:
2657:
2647:
2598:
2590:
2564:Nature
2547:
2537:
2488:
2439:
2429:
2361:(LPSN)
2338:10 May
2311:10 May
2284:10 May
2257:10 May
2233:10 May
2212:10 May
2191:
2148:
2138:
2077:
2067:
1983:
1947:
1937:
1923:: 54.
1896:
1886:
1878:
1829:
1819:
1766:
1758:
1708:
1544:fixing
1387:Order
1303:Order
1214:Order
1113:Class
242:, and
206:genome
198:phylum
192:(syn.
128:Order
4622:WoRMS
4570:IRMNG
4123:DPANN
3806:Fungi
3401:S2CID
2596:S2CID
2252:(PDF)
2189:S2CID
1889:49357
1764:S2CID
1248:Order
1162:Order
4596:LPSN
4583:ITIS
4557:GBIF
4531:BOLD
4232:TACK
3655:PMID
3612:PMID
3569:PMID
3507:PMID
3458:PMID
3393:PMID
3385:ISSN
3342:PMID
3283:PMID
3265:ISSN
3215:PMID
3153:PMID
3093:PMID
3036:PMID
2987:PMID
2938:PMID
2889:PMID
2830:PMID
2771:PMID
2714:PMID
2655:PMID
2588:PMID
2545:PMID
2486:PMID
2437:PMID
2340:2023
2313:2023
2286:2023
2259:2023
2235:2023
2214:2023
2146:PMID
2075:PMID
1981:PMID
1945:PMID
1894:PMID
1876:ISSN
1827:PMID
1756:PMID
1706:PMID
1599:and
1521:amoA
1516:urea
1512:amoA
270:and
230:are
214:was
188:The
4575:258
4544:EoL
3645:PMC
3637:doi
3602:doi
3559:PMC
3551:doi
3497:doi
3448:PMC
3440:doi
3377:doi
3365:333
3332:PMC
3322:doi
3310:108
3273:PMC
3257:doi
3245:111
3205:PMC
3195:doi
3183:111
3143:PMC
3135:doi
3083:PMC
3075:doi
3026:PMC
3018:doi
3014:194
2977:PMC
2969:doi
2965:194
2928:PMC
2920:doi
2916:193
2879:PMC
2869:doi
2820:PMC
2810:doi
2798:112
2761:PMC
2753:doi
2704:PMC
2694:doi
2645:PMC
2635:doi
2623:108
2580:doi
2568:437
2535:PMC
2525:doi
2476:doi
2427:PMC
2419:doi
2181:doi
2169:204
2136:PMC
2126:doi
2114:107
2065:PMC
2057:doi
2021:doi
2009:181
1973:doi
1935:PMC
1925:doi
1884:PMC
1866:doi
1817:PMC
1807:doi
1795:108
1748:doi
1738:".
1696:doi
1547:HCO
931:Ca.
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877:Ca.
812:Ca.
785:Ca.
730:Ca.
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316:TEX
208:of
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