412:(1971–82), a series of reforms improved public services, the environment, housing, welfare, education and infrastructure. MacLehose was the longest-serving governor and, by the end of his tenure, had become one of the most popular and well-known figures in the Crown Colony. MacLehose laid the foundation for Hong Kong to establish itself as a global city in the 1980s and early 1990s.
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market" by some locals, as most customers were westerners during the initial period of its operation, but
Chinese citizens would soon embrace this new kind of store. By 1975, more than 200 big- and small-scaled supermarkets could be found in the city. These new stores eliminated most traditional rice
474:
With the rising public service provision came a clampdown on the free flow of refugees from mainland China that had powered the growth of Hong Kong since the Second World War. In 1974, the 'touch base' was introduced, under which only those immigrant arrivals who reached the urban areas were allowed
765:
The
Governor, concerned to avoid a possible police strike or even rebellion, at last issued a pardon, preventing arrests in cases committed before 1977. However, the pardon did not extend to higher-level detective superintendents. These high-level Chinese officers, famous for their riches, left for
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Soon, the stock rush began. New stocks were on sale every day; brokerage houses mushroomed; some people quit their jobs to become full-time investors, suffering a kind of urban disease that doctors called "stock illness". It is said that the investors during this period numbered to 500,000. The
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included TV dramas, which averaged 80 to 120 episodes, usually broadcasting at 7:00 pm. 66% of the population tuned in regularly covering 2 to 3 million viewers nightly. Popular series finales would empty streets and restaurants. Most series did not contain much if any
Chinese
733:
In the 1970s, corruption was a way of life in Hong Kong, being the norm in all government departments. Policemen would often extract bribes (popularly called "tea fee") before they investigated a crime, as did firemen before they rescued people and put out fires. Many
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in 1971, and expanded it to nine years in 1978. Companies were also seeking well educated employees for complex projects. Seventy-two percent of overseas graduates between 1962 and 1976 would come back to Hong Kong to take on highly skilled domestic positions.
989:
In 1976, a "Deposit-taking
Companies Ordinance" was also passed to enforce non-licensed bank institutions to register with the government. A minimum paid up capital requirement of HK$ 2.5 million was also required. The strategy was to mirror the
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was aired, and was named as such since the protagonist had eyes resembling eggs. The children were fascinated. Kids tried to "fly" in the air, imitating their heroes. Two kids (aged 3½ and 4½) attempted a flight jumping off a 7-storey building in
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Following decades of immense and sustained immigration, the shortage of housing in the territory became acute. Many lived in squatter settlements or boats, where they were susceptible to typhoons, fires and landslides. To improve the quality of
569:
were getting exposure in the music industry. Toys from Japan have arrived in Hong Kong via random and inconsistent shipments in the past. But the first big waves of
Japanese products with staying power in the market place were mainly
791:(known as the Senkaku Islands to Japan). The act stirred up campaigns for defending the Diaoyutai Islands among Chinese societies all around the world. The "Hong Kong Federation of Students" (香港專上學生聯會) requested a protest at
943:, the first underwater tunnel in Hong Kong, opened in 1972. For the first time in the region's history, people could travel between Hong Kong and Kowloon without taking ferries. As a result, small electrical boats like
973:
of 25% and limitation on loans and investments became the new requirements to operate legally. People began to have more trust in their banks, and the accumulation of savings led to people's willingness to invest.
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exile to Taiwan, which had no extradition treaty with Hong Kong. In time, the efforts of the ICAC changed the habits of an entire population and turned Hong Kong into one of the least corrupt cities in the world.
844:
and relieve overcrowded conditions, the government announced the Ten-year
Housing Programme (十年建屋計劃) in 1972, with the goal of providing quality housing for 1.8 million people in 10 years. The
426:) in 1974: eradicated corruption in public bodies, police force, firefighters and business corporations, which led to Hong Kong being regarded as one of the least corrupt cities during the 1990s
762:(ICAC). The investigations and arrests of many police officers created a furore among the police, who protested against the ICAC and even tried to overrun the headquarters in one protest.
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Many factors contributed to the decline of manufacturing in Hong Kong. The late 1970s saw increases in land prices. Along with the opening up of global trade with China via the 1978
807:. The British police officers involved were sent back to the UK and went unpunished. Protests concerning the defence of Diaoyutai Islands continued to be held the following months.
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on 26 July 1975. The younger brother was killed on the spot, while the elder was miraculously saved. The broadcast of the series was suspended for a while after the accident.
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636:) the following year, were sensational. Cornered for some times by Western and Mandarin films, Cantonese films were much revived in the 1970s, with the great success of 1976
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No. 10 on 16 August. A total of 5,664 people from 1,032 families became homeless. The typhoon also destroyed 653 wooden huts and damaged 24 buildings, six beyond repair.
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At the same time, Singapore and Taiwan underwent similar developments to those of Hong Kong. The competitiveness of manufacturing similar products led to
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Koo, Ramsey. Bray Mark. (2005) Education And
Society in Hong Kong And Macao: Comparative Perspectives on Continuity and Change. Springer Publishing.
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and corporations. Their names have been seared into the memories of the older generations, their stories adapted into several popular movies such as
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803:, the police tried to prevent the protest. Unnecessary violence erupted, leading to the arrests of students. The media criticised the violation of
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The 1970s was when Hong Kong gained daily news broadcasts. News programmes ranked in the top 10 continuously for a decade. Other segments of the
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did not take long to capture the market. The front and full-page ads of these two mega franchises aided in their increase in popularity
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James Lee and Yip Ngai-ming, "Public
Housing and Family Life in East Asia: Housing History and Social Change in Hong Kong, 1953-1990,"
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People grew richer entering the 1970s. Not surprisingly, people started to look for some means of investment. The passing of
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underwent many changes that shaped its future, led for most of the decade by its longest-serving and reform-minded
Governor,
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Ma, Eric Kit-wai. Ma, Chieh-Wei. (1999). Culture, Politics, and
Television in Hong Kong. United Kingdom: Routledge.
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in March 1973, leaving many people bankrupt. The Hong Kong economy recovered only slowly over the next few years.
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Hong Kong also found itself at a unique geographical and cultural crossroads. Many of the western artists like
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Mody, Ashoka. (1997). Infrastructure Strategies in East Asia: “The ”Untold Story". World Bank Publications.
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the Ten Years Housing Scheme, designed to end squatting and slums and provide ample housing for expansion.
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The British and the PRC governments began a long negotiation process that would ultimately lead to the
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traditionalism. The theme songs of these dramas also helped revive Cantonese music - indeed the term
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to stay. Six years later, it was replaced by a policy of repatriation for all illegal arrivals.
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Social welfare protection: Jobseekers' Allowance, Elderly Allowance, Disability Allowance, etc.
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Jao YC. (2001). The Asian Financial Crisis and the Ordeal of Hong Kong. Quorum, Greenwood.
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Understanding of history must teach Hongkongers – and mainlanders – the need for tolerance
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1022:. The construction, contracted by a Japanese company cost more than HK$ 400 million.
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748:(跛豪) in 1991. That is not to say British officers were entirely clean in their dealings.
357:. Economically, it reinvented itself from a manufacturing base into a financial centre.
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1983:
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detective superintendents amassed incredible wealth from their corrupt dealings with
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Adoption of Chinese, along with English, as an official language of British Hong Kong
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would begin the tightening up of banks. A minimum capital of HK$ 5 million and
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to shelter local companies. As a result, there was less demand for Hong Kong goods.
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reached Hong Kong but has weakened considerably from the 150 mph wind earlier.
1033:, or the "Kowloon Emperor", began his career of calligraphy graffiti in the 1970s.
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land lease agreement would end within 27 years in 1997. MacLehose began visiting
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construction went from 1969 to 1979, and was expected to be the same size as
924:(MTR) was opened in October 1979. The first line served eastern Kowloon from
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was established. It provided competition for the other two other companies:
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was formed to spearhead the programme. The government also introduced the
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respectively. Around 150 were killed and many buildings were destroyed.
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passed over Hong Kong causing extensive damage, forcing the hoisting of
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dealers (米舖), wine shops (辦館) and convenient stores (See Dor) (士多).
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in 1973 was filmed in Hong Kong. The film featured the wreck of SS
419:
Nine years of compulsory, free education for school-aged children
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As a result of the water shut-down by mainland China during the
957:, despite the limited land space and proximity to nearby hills.
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A number of MacLehose's most significant policies included:
758:, realising the seriousness of the problem, founded the
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Housing, Home Ownership and Social Change in Hong Kong
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was expanded in the first half of the 1970s to handle
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The Hong Kong government introduced six years of free
435:
Overhaul of the healthcare system and construction of
424:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
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riots in Hong Kong, the government responded with a
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in the 1970s, when the tunnel was being constructed.
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675:and that of the famous former Cunard Ocean liner
182:Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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799:on 7 July 1971. Having been frightened by the
703:torrential rains caused two serious landslides
1239:
641:
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619:
470:to preserve 70% of Hong Kong's green landmass
331:
8:
920:Hong Kong's first modern rapid transit, the
130:Japanese occupation (1941–1945)
1078:, by Peter Kammerer, SCMP, 23 November 2015
385:to talk about the future of Hong Kong with
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932:. In December, services were extended to
886:where smaller traditional stores couldn't
760:Independent Commission Against Corruption
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582:were some that were commonly available.
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1599:Special administrative regions of China
1042:
650:, which is said to remain the all-time
240:
52:
36:
32:This article is part of a series on the
892:restaurant opened on Paterson Street,
783:returned to Japan the sovereignty of
7:
908:The area around the entrance of the
775:Defend Diaoyutai Islands campaigns
25:
947:(小電船) were gradually eliminated.
377:resurfaced in the early 70s. The
400:Political and social development
120:Convention for the Extension of
44:
1299:Bao'an County and Xin'an County
553:was coined during this period.
81:Bao'an County and Xin'an County
1594:Sino-British Joint Declaration
1431:Country parks and conservation
994:concept in the United States.
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632:
1:
539:Television Broadcasts Limited
508:for at least another decade.
867:in Hong Kong, was opened in
502:traditional Chinese medicine
496:. Subsequently, many of the
1182:Retrieved 21 February 2007.
1167:McDonald's official site. "
1158:Retrieved 21 February 2007.
1102:Retrieved 21 February 2007.
846:Hong Kong Housing Authority
668:The Man with the Golden Gun
492:was adopted under the 1976
375:Second Convention of Peking
2011:
456:Development of new towns,
445:Princess Margaret Hospital
373:Political talks about the
1261:
1051:Journal of Family History
967:Banking Ordinance of 1964
729:Anti-corruption campaigns
620:
585:The 1975 Japanese series
1815:Cheung Chau Bun Festival
1579:One country, two systems
1471:Public parks and gardens
1416:Buildings and structures
1391:Administrative divisions
1174:26 February 2007 at the
1094:13 February 2007 at the
871:in 1970. It was called "
449:Prince of Wales Hospital
437:Queen Elizabeth Hospital
982:kept soaring, but then
662:is taken into account.
216:National security law (
92:(1841–1941, 1945–1997)
1627:Food and Health Bureau
1451:Islands and peninsulas
1156:HK Observatory report.
917:
535:Rediffusion Television
525:Domestic entertainment
370:
351:Hong Kong in the 1970s
18:The 1970s in Hong Kong
1850:Hong Kong nationalism
1835:Heritage conservation
1358:Handover of Hong Kong
1053:(2006) 31#1 pp. 66–82
1016:High Island Reservoir
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850:Home Ownership Scheme
612:, including the 1971
557:Foreign entertainment
531:Commercial Television
529:On 7 September 1975,
494:Metrication Ordinance
410:Governor of Hong Kong
394:Handover of Hong Kong
368:
302:of the United Kingdom
228:2021 electoral reform
174:Retrocession to China
104:Convention of Chuenpi
1150:16 July 2012 at the
941:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
922:Mass Transit Railway
910:Cross-Harbour Tunnel
665:The James Bond film
518:compulsory education
406:Sir Murray MacLehose
114:Convention of Peking
96:Colonial
38:History of Hong Kong
1564:Legislative Council
1466:Mountains and peaks
1328:Japanese occupation
1323:Battle of Hong Kong
1004:Cultural Revolution
856:Emerging businesses
781:American government
441:Queen Mary Hospital
285:Technical standards
122:Hong Kong Territory
1990:1970s in Hong Kong
1100:Hong Kong History.
1008:desalination plant
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753:Hong Kong Governor
673:Seawise University
606:martial arts films
506:old Chinese system
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1995:British Hong Kong
1977:
1976:
1584:Political parties
1539:Foreign relations
1271:Index of articles
835:Property and land
789:Diaoyutai Islands
686:Natural disasters
466:Establishment of
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212:COVID-19 pandemic
109:Treaty of Nanking
89:British Hong Kong
16:(Redirected from
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1865:Lion Rock Spirit
1840:Hong Kong orchid
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745:To be Number One
716:In August 1979,
696:Hurricane Signal
690:In August 1971,
656:Hong Kong cinema
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638:The Private Eyes
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369:Hong Kong, 1970s
355:Murray MacLehose
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298:History of China
207:2019–20 protests
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1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:List of roads
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:Fire services
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Air pollution
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1216:0-8213-4027-1
1213:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1200:1-56720-447-3
1197:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:0-415-17998-X
1130:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:1-4020-3405-9
1114:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1014:in 1975. The
1013:
1009:
1005:
997:
995:
993:
992:Deposit Trust
987:
985:
981:
975:
972:
968:
960:
958:
956:
952:
948:
946:
942:
937:
935:
934:Tsim Sha Tsui
931:
927:
923:
915:
911:
906:
899:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
834:
832:
830:
829:protectionism
825:
823:
816:Manufacturing
815:
810:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:Victoria Park
790:
786:
782:
779:In 1970, the
774:
769:
767:
763:
761:
757:
754:
749:
747:
746:
741:
737:
728:
724:Law and order
723:
721:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
685:
683:
681:
680:
674:
670:
669:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
639:
629:
628:
617:
616:
611:
607:
599:
597:
595:
590:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
564:
563:Elvis Presley
556:
554:
552:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
519:
511:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Metric System
483:
478:
476:
469:
468:country parks
465:
463:
459:
455:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
431:
428:
425:
421:
418:
417:
416:
413:
411:
407:
399:
397:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
367:
360:
358:
356:
352:
341:
336:
334:
329:
327:
322:
321:
319:
318:
312:
311:
310:
305:
303:
299:
296:
295:
293:
292:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
245:
244:
239:
229:
226:
223:
219:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
187:
186:
185:
183:
179:
175:
172:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
151:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
136:
134:
128:
123:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
100:
98:(1800s–1930s)
94:
93:
91:
90:
86:
82:
79:
78:
77:
72:
68:
66:
65:
61:
60:
59:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1905:Demographics
1800:Architecture
1777:Prostitution
1559:Legal system
1549:Independence
1461:Marine parks
1342:
1206:
1179:
1163:
1155:
1139:
1123:
1107:
1099:
1083:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1029:
1001:
988:
976:
964:
949:
938:
926:Shek Kip Mei
919:
894:Causeway Bay
888:. The first
863:, the first
859:
838:
826:
819:
797:Causeway Bay
778:
764:
750:
743:
732:
718:Typhoon Hope
715:
707:Sau Mau Ping
700:
692:Typhoon Rose
689:
678:
672:
666:
664:
637:
627:Fist of Fury
625:
615:The Big Boss
613:
603:
594:Kowloon City
586:
584:
560:
543:
528:
515:
487:
473:
414:
403:
391:
372:
350:
349:
307:
306:
184:(since 1997)
180:
155:
87:
73:
70:
62:
26:
1957:Anglosphere
1569:LGBT rights
1311:1800s–1930s
1289:Prehistoric
1062:James Lee,
1020:Plover Cove
1012:Castle Peak
955:Boeing 747s
865:supermarket
648:Michael Hui
608:starred by
572:super robot
567:The Beatles
498:wet markets
484:Metrication
64:Prehistoric
1984:Categories
1967:Sinosphere
1952:Visual art
1947:Television
1870:Literature
1673:Employment
1667:(currency)
1632:Healthcare
1544:Government
1476:Reservoirs
1169:McDonald's
1037:References
890:McDonald's
801:1967 riots
711:Mid-levels
652:box-office
361:Background
150:1967 riots
1895:Ngai jong
1855:Languages
1713:Transport
1698:The Hongs
1660:Companies
1617:Education
1554:Judiciary
1524:Elections
1519:Districts
1509:Basic Law
1383:Geography
1255:Hong Kong
1143:HK gov. "
1087:Eh Net. "
930:Kwun Tong
896:in 1975.
882:PARKnSHOP
805:democracy
751:In 1974,
660:inflation
610:Bruce Lee
512:Education
396:in 1997.
389:leaders.
275:Geography
270:Education
1937:Shopping
1927:Religion
1830:Graffiti
1825:Gambling
1721:Airlines
1589:Protests
1574:Military
1496:Politics
1486:Villages
1446:Harbours
1421:Channels
1180:History.
1172:Archived
1148:Archived
1092:Archived
998:Resource
878:Wellcome
861:Wellcome
770:Politics
709:and the
654:king of
588:Ultraman
580:Baxinger
551:Cantopop
462:Tuen Mun
300: /
280:Politics
250:Aviation
241:By topic
71:Imperial
54:Timeline
1885:Museums
1820:Cuisine
1792:Culture
1765:Society
1741:Ferries
1736:Cycling
1726:Airport
1703:Tourism
1678:Hawkers
1665:Dollar
1647:Economy
1436:Ecology
1411:Beaches
1281:History
1266:Outline
984:crashed
961:Finance
945:sampans
869:Central
811:Economy
736:Chinese
546:ratings
479:Culture
458:Sha Tin
408:, 25th
383:Beijing
265:Economy
260:Culture
132:(1940s)
1900:People
1875:McDull
1810:Comics
1805:Cinema
1637:Police
1529:Emblem
1481:Rivers
1214:
1198:
1145:HK gov
1131:
1115:
1089:Eh Net
1066:(1999)
1026:Trivia
873:Gweilo
740:triads
624:) and
600:Cinema
574:toys.
422:ICAC (
404:Under
1942:Sport
1915:Youth
1910:Women
1890:Music
1880:Media
1772:Crime
1756:Taxis
1731:Buses
1655:Banks
1456:Lakes
1401:Areas
1373:2020s
1368:2010s
1363:2000s
1353:1990s
1348:1980s
1343:1970s
1338:1960s
1333:1950s
658:when
202:2020s
197:2010s
192:2000s
166:1990s
161:1980s
156:1970s
146:1960s
141:1950s
1962:CJKV
1932:RTHK
1860:LGBT
1751:Rail
1683:Port
1534:Flag
1406:Bays
1212:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1129:ISBN
1113:ISBN
939:The
880:and
787:and
677:RMS
643:半斤八兩
621:唐山大兄
604:The
578:and
565:and
537:and
500:and
488:The
460:and
447:and
222:2024
218:2020
1316:WWI
1178:."
1154:."
1098:."
928:to
912:at
795:in
705:in
633:精武門
387:PRC
255:Bus
1986::
1187:^
682:.
443:,
439:,
220:,
1247:e
1240:t
1233:v
640:(
630:(
618:(
339:e
332:t
325:v
224:)
152:)
148:(
20:)
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