38:
456:. She held the crusaders that came to her father's aid in contempt for their actions against the Empire after they looted various conquests and failed to return to the Basileus' demesne many of the lands they promised to return to him. She regarded the crusaders, whom she refers to as Celts, Latins and Normans, as uneducated barbarians. Despite this, Anna claims that she portrayed them in a neutral light. Some historians believe her work to be biased because of her feelings towards the Crusaders and how highly she regarded her father.
599:
historical text have been assigned to her gender both positively and negatively. This interpretation of her histories is known as a "gendered history", meaning it is the history of
Alexios and of Anna through her style, which is not seen in male authors. While the Roman historian Edward Gibbon saw this "gendered" narrative to betray "in every page the vanity of a female author", with some scholars agreeing with him, other scholars claim that this style might be indicative of Anna's mentor,
611:
lack of modern feminist ideals, without which she was not interested in questioning her societal place in her narrative, even though her depictions of women do not fit in with the majority of male authors of the time. Her style can be understood from her belief that intelligence and nobility are far greater than gender in terms of importance and so Anna does not view her history as overstepping any necessary gender roles.
586:
that she will stop crying properly to return to her duty of history, an episode which she repeats twice in the narrative. She shows a desire to control aspects that are, for her culture, feminine. Anna concerns herself primarily with intellect, which she attributes to men and women. Her attitudes, along with the lack of comparable sources from female authors in that era, make the
197:
585:
never cry, with the exception of
Alexios' funeral, during which grief is the appropriate cultural response. None of the female characters act in a cowardly way. She points to her own gender in a similar way when mentioning her own tears while writing certain events. Immediately she informs the reader
552:
It is largely agreed that Anna
Komnene was the author. The predominance of military matters is argued to match Anna's choice to write history in the epic genre, reflecting the cultural influence of her family. Mentions in the text of her engagement, her role as a wife and the commentary on her female
561:, so that "t is not necessary to imagine that she left out a reference to her most important source". Many scholars believe that the great detail about her father's home life and military style, combined with her experiences and mentions of femininity, provide a strong case for her authorship of the
439:
interests many historians because Anna wrote it in a different format to the norm of the time. Anna
Komnene is the only female Greek historiographer of her era and historians are keen to believe that her style of writing owes much to her being a woman. Despite including herself in the historiography
409:
and religious conflict. Anna
Komnene chronicles the different groups of people involved in the crusades, and refers to them as "Celts", "Latins", and "Normans". She also talks about her father, Alexios Komnenos in great detail and his conquests throughout his rule from 1081 to 1118. She does this by
610:
Anna
Komnene is considered unique for her time in the intensity by which she integrates her own narrative and emotion and yet she does not mention all personal details, such as having four children. For some, this combination of style and lack of personal, gendered information is reconciled by her
573:
Women of the aristocracy had more opportunities to pursue higher education, in comparison to those of humble origins, whose education was mainly learning to write and read, memorizing psalms and studying the scriptures. Some female aristocrats had an interest in literature and would be praised for
557:"unmistakable", according to some scholars. She certainly could have written about military affairs, since she was able to accompany her father, the emperor, on military campaigns. She names her sources explicitly as "those who accompanied the emperor on campaign", as well as Alexios Komnenos and
598:
Anna
Komnene's unusual style of writing history has been attributed to her gender. Her style is noteworthy in that it included a history of her father's actions during the First Crusade and her reactions to some of these events. Her opinions and commentary on particular events in an otherwise
498:
for his accession to the throne (in place of Anna herself) following
Alexios' death. From a modern reader's point of view, the inconsistencies in the descriptions of military events and the Empire's misfortunes (partially due to these literary and especially
464:
In her introduction, Anna
Komnene stated her intention to record true events and to give an account of her father's deeds which "do not deserve to be consigned to forgetfulness". She is aware that in writing her father's history she may be accused of using
528:
was in fact written by Anna
Komnene. One scholar stated that the text gives very few comments that would suggest the author's gender or any other aspect of their background, aside from a few explicit mentions. This has led some scholars to argue that the
581:, Anna Komnene portrays gender and gender stereotypes in an unusual way. Like her male counterparts, she characterizes women along the typical stereotypes, such as being "liable to tears and as cowardly in the face of danger". Despite this, women in the
226:
The book is divided into 15 books and a prologue. Its scope is limited to the duration of Alexios' reign, which it is thus able to depict in full detail, especially regarding political relations between the Byzantine Empire and western European powers.
172:– a topic which is very common in contemporary writing. It documents firsthand the decline of Byzantine cultural influence in eastern and western Europe, particularly in the West's increasing involvement in its geographic sphere. The
208:
469:
language and often tries to remind the reader of her integrity as an impartial reporter of past events. Emphasis on Alexios as a "specifically Christian emperor", and a moral as well as politically laudable one, is pervasive.
430:
was written in Greek in around 1148 and first edited by Possinus in 1651. Anna Komnene described herself in the text and openly acknowledges her feelings and opinions for some events, which goes against the typical format of
574:
their depth of knowledge by contemporary writers. Despite that, Komnene's high education and expertise in secular literature – the study of which was typically discouraged – remained exceptional.
1596:
414:
in her work, as stated by Lenora Neville, "the characterization of Alexios as wily sea captain steering the empire through constant storms with guile and courage strongly recalls
156:. Anna described the political and military history of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of her father, thus providing a significant account on the Byzantium of the
1430:
452:
Anna Komnene's writings are a major source of information on her father, Alexios I of the Byzantine Empire. She was around the age of 55 when she began work on the
1700:
1611:
607:
as a model for her narration in her history and took his style even further, suggesting it was not her gender but her influences that led to her writing style.
37:
435:. She differed widely from Greek prose historians and because of this the book was initially well received; it was subjected to criticism later. The
840:
478:
tradition, while contrasting it with the negative portrait of or the absence of, his successors John II and Manuel I. Anna discussed the Latins (
726:
1931:
715:
The Alexiad of the Princess Anna Comnena: being the history of the reign of her father, Alexius I, Emperor of the Romans, 1081–1118 A.D.
1536:
1936:
1799:
1580:
754:
744:
542:
1854:
1822:
1759:
1733:
1685:
1559:
1517:
1498:
1466:
854:
692:
47:
696:
1845:
Reinsch, Diether R. (2000), "Women's Literature in Byzantium? – The Case of Anna Komnene", in Thalia Gouma-Peterson (ed.),
1941:
1442:
1956:
1714:
440:
and the other qualities that make her style vastly different from the typical historiography of the era, Anna Komnene's
833:
1946:
787:
780:
773:
1711:
Anonyme Metaphrase zu Anna Komnene, Alexias XI–XIII. Ein Beitrag zur Erschließung der byzantinischen Umgangssprache
168:
and highlights the conflicting perceptions of the East and West in the early 12th century. It does not mention the
590:
considered by some a poor source to use when gauging how average women in Byzantium felt about the First Crusade.
1883:
541:
and suggests that Anna was merely working from her husband's field notes, thus Howard-Johnston renames it "
1951:
674:
1620:
534:
378:
127:
169:
1926:
1678:
Alexios I Komnenos: Papers of the Second Belfast Byzantine International Colloquium, 14–16 April 1989
864:
311:
558:
504:
183:
in mid-14th century to increase its readability, which testifies to the work's lasting interest.
149:
1642:
797:
682:
388:
addresses domestic conflicts and the Norman preparation for their second invasion (1105–1107).
1850:
1818:
1795:
1755:
1729:
1721:
1694:
1681:
1605:
1576:
1555:
1532:
1513:
1494:
1462:
850:
750:
740:
688:
284:
also addresses war against the Normans (1082–1083) and their first clash with the "heretics".
146:
816:
410:
presenting a "Byzantine view" of the Crusades. Some historians have noticed the influence of
1895:
884:
736:
495:
157:
103:
1769:
803:
718:
600:
471:
411:
374:
238:
923:
after the mid-1140s because in it she comments obliquely on the politics surrounding the
141:
historical and biographical text written around the year 1148, by the Byzantine princess
874:, tr. Giacinto Agnello (Palermo: Palazzo Comitini edizioni, 2010) ISBN 978-88-967621-0-3
1864:
Shlosser, Franziska E. (1990), "Byzantine Studies and the History of the Crusades: The
1659:
Hill, Barbara (1996), "A Vindication of the Rights of Women to Power by Anna Komnene",
924:
432:
249:
217:
180:
118:
89:
1920:
1811:
1743:
1591:
1546:
Frankopan, Peter (2002), "Perception and Projections of Prejudice: Anna Comnena, the
889:
625:
406:
356:
319:
288:
addresses the end of war against the Normans (1085) and the death of Robert Guiscard.
915:, p. 1142 puts the date of the composition after 1148 without arguing his case.
1833:
273:
196:
142:
59:
1570:
1900:
894:
475:
153:
138:
79:
846:
822:
177:
486:"), whom she described as barbarians. This distaste extends to the Turks and
793:) (contains an edition of the Greek text no longer considered authoritative)
722:
619:
Below is a list of manuscripts containing the complete work or its summary.
487:
466:
93:
772:, ed. and tr. Bernard Leib, 3 vols., Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1937–1945 (
348:
addresses the end of the Scythian war (1091) and plots against the Emperor.
17:
503:
influences) may seem exaggerated and stereotypical. Despite these issues,
415:
331:
165:
1623:(1996), "Engendered Category or Recognizable Life: Anna Komnene and Her
392:
addresses Aaron's conspiracy and the second Norman invasion (1107–1108).
479:
307:
269:
253:
234:
1550:
and the First Crusade", in Susan B. Edgington; Sarah Lambert (eds.),
483:
265:
1884:"Anna Komnene and Her Sources for Military Affairs in the 'Alexiad'"
207:
341:
Pecheneg incursions on the northern Byzantine frontier (Books 7–8)
1531:, translated by E. R. A. Sewter (Rev. ed.), London: Penguin,
553:
modesty that influences her writing make Anna's authorship of the
500:
603:. Some take this even further to suggest that Anna used Psellos'
474:
compares Alexios' treatment in the text to the techniques of the
295:
Byzantine relations with the Turks (Books 6–7, 9–10, and 14–15):
1728:, vol. 2, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 1142,
264:
addresses Alexios as Emperor (1081), the internal problems with
1770:"Lamentation, History, and Female Authorship in Anna Komnene's
326:
addresses Turks, Franks, Cumans and Manicheans (1108–1115).
1817:(Rev. ed.), New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press,
1482:
of Anna Komnene: Artistic Strategy in the Making of a Myth
1130:
1128:
1115:
1113:
318:
addresses war against the Cumans and the beginning of the
770:
Alexiade (règne de l'empereur Alexis I Comnène 1081-1118)
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1004:
1002:
1000:
533:
was not written by a woman. This belief, put forward by
1792:
Anna Komnene: The Life and Work of a Medieval Historian
1597:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1724:(1991), "Komnene, Anna", in Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.),
164:
documents the Byzantine Empire's interaction with the
310:
and the Dalmatians (1092–1094) and the conspiracy of
987:
985:
983:
981:
919:, p. 5 explains that "Anna was working on the
749:revised by Peter Frankopan (London: Penguin, 2009)
649:
Codex Monacensis Graecus 355 (prologue and summary)
220:
and the Crusaders Counsil, 13th century manuscript.
132:
99:
85:
75:
65:
55:
1849:, translated by Thomas Dunlap, New York: Garland,
1810:
1672:Howard-Johnston, J. (1996), "Anna Komnene and the
652:Codex Parisinus Graecus 400 (prologue and summary)
646:Codex Vaticanus Graecus 981 (prologue and summary)
1572:Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800-1200
735:, tr. Edgar Robert Ashton Sewter (Harmondsworth:
537:, focuses mainly on the military sections of the
302:addresses war against the Scythians (1087–1090).
1064:
1062:
1060:
1159:
1147:
280:addresses war against the Normans (1081–1082).
1746:(2000), "The Pen and the Sword: Who Wrote the
1304:
444:has been seen as a "straightforward" history.
27:12th-century Byzantine history by Anna Komnene
1868:of Anna Comnena as Source for the Crusades",
524:There has been some debate as to whether the
366:also addresses the First Crusade (1097–1104).
8:
359:and Byzantine reactions to it (Books 10–11)
233:Attacks against the Byzantine empire by the
30:
1104:
1894:(2), Sociedad Española de Bizantinística,
1699:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1610:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
29:
1899:
1527:Frankopan, Peter (2009), "Introduction",
1364:
1134:
1119:
1092:
972:
960:
936:
152:. It was written in a form of artificial
1340:
1219:
1183:
1171:
640:Codex Ottobonianus Graecus 131 & 137
248:addresses Alexios' becoming general and
1554:, New York: Columbia University Press,
1484:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
1388:
1376:
1292:
1231:
1207:
1195:
1080:
1051:
1039:
1020:
1008:
916:
912:
905:
1692:
1603:
1412:
1352:
1316:
991:
948:
1794:, New York: Oxford University Press,
1754:, New York: Garland, pp. 63–81,
1750:?", in Gouma-Peterson, Thalia (ed.),
1328:
723:Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
330:addresses the last expeditions — The
7:
1512:, New Haven: Yale University Press,
1400:
1267:
1255:
1243:
687:(2 vols., Berlin: De Gruyter, 2001)
1778:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
1726:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
373:Attacks on Byzantine frontiers by
256:' preparation for their invasion.
25:
1838:Women in World History Curriculum
1643:"Bibliography, Anna Comnena: The
1429:Brians, Paul (18 December 1998),
1068:
637:Codex Barberinianus 235 & 236
507:emphasizes the importance of the
863:, tr. Diether Reinsch (Cologne:
260:addresses the Komnenian revolt.
206:
195:
36:
1641:Halsall, Paul (February 2001),
1493:. University of Chicago Press.
334:— Death of Alexios (1116–1118).
42:12th-century manuscript of the
1888:Revista de Estudios Bizantinos
1813:History of the Byzantine State
48:Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana
1:
842:Alexiad. Malazgirt'in Sonrası
697:vol. I: Prolegomena et Textus
306:addresses operations against
1809:Ostrogorsky, George (1969),
1715:Austrian Academy of Sciences
727:Internet Medieval Sourcebook
634:Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1438
1901:10.1344/EBizantinos2014.2.6
1508:Connor, Carolyn L. (2004),
1489:Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997).
1439:Washington State University
624:Codex Coislinianus 311, in
133:
1973:
1932:12th-century history books
1847:Anna Komnene and Her Times
1752:Anna Komnene and Her Times
1476:Buckley, Penelope (2014),
849:(Istanbul: İnkılâp, 1996)
830:Paměti byzantské princezny
160:. Among other topics, the
1870:Byzantinische Forschungen
1790:Neville, Leonora (2016),
1768:Neville, Leonora (2013),
1661:Byzantinische Forschungen
1629:Byzantinische Forschungen
813:, tr. Oktawiusz Jurewicz
643:Codex Apographum Gronovii
569:Representations of gender
122:
35:
1937:Texts about the Crusades
1709:Hunger, Herbert (1981),
1457:Brown, R. Allen (1984),
679:and Athanasios Kambylis
252:. It also discusses the
216:Alexios I Komnenos with
1882:Sinclair, Kyle (2014),
1569:Garland, Linda (2006).
1461:, London: St. Martins,
520:Questions of authorship
511:as a primary document.
1621:Gouma-Peterson, Thalia
1552:Gendering the Crusades
671:, ed. Diether Reinsch
669:Annae Comnenae Alexias
631:Codex Florentinus 70,2
401:The main theme of the
250:Domestikos ton Scholon
806:(Moscow: Nauka, 1965)
515:Gender and authorship
379:Bohemond I of Antioch
237:, under their leader
1942:Byzantine literature
1653:, Fordham University
1283:4.8.1 and Prol. 4.2.
1160:Howard-Johnston 1996
1148:Howard-Johnston 1996
836:(Praha: Odeon, 1996)
1957:Epic poems in Greek
1651:Medieval Sourcebook
1343:, pp. 397–398.
1305:Gouma-Peterson 1996
1162:, p. 289, 302.
1095:, p. xxi–xxii.
821:(2 vols., Wrocław:
312:Nicephorus Diogenes
176:was paraphrased in
66:Original title
32:
1947:Alexios I Komnenos
1722:Kazhdan, Alexander
1510:Women of Byzantium
1174:, p. 145–146.
1150:, pp. 260–302
1146:For examples, see
658:Published editions
559:George Palaiologos
505:George Ostrogorsky
150:Alexios I Komnenos
820:
686:
678:
131:
109:
108:
100:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
1964:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1877:
1859:
1840:
1827:
1816:
1804:
1785:
1764:
1738:
1717:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1667:
1654:
1636:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1586:
1564:
1541:
1522:
1504:
1485:
1471:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1441:, archived from
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1367:, p. 69–70.
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1319:, book 3, p. 69.
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1186:, p. 67–68.
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1105:Ostrogorsky 1969
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
995:
989:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
910:
885:Byzantine Empire
834:Růžena Dostálová
814:
680:
672:
594:Gender and style
496:John II Komnenos
494:also criticized
268:family, and the
210:
199:
158:High Middle Ages
136:
126:
124:
104:Byzantine Empire
40:
33:
21:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1881:
1863:
1857:
1844:
1831:
1825:
1808:
1802:
1789:
1767:
1762:
1742:
1736:
1720:
1708:
1691:
1688:
1671:
1658:
1640:
1619:
1602:
1590:
1583:
1568:
1562:
1545:
1539:
1526:
1520:
1507:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1469:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1445:on 2 April 2013
1431:"Anna Comnena:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1258:, p. 45-6.
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
998:
990:
979:
975:, p. x–xi.
971:
967:
959:
955:
947:
943:
935:
931:
911:
907:
903:
881:
804:Yakov Lyubarsky
765:
719:Elizabeth Dawes
711:
706:
665:
660:
655:
617:
601:Michael Psellos
596:
571:
535:Howard-Johnston
522:
517:
462:
450:
424:
422:Narrative style
412:Greek mythology
399:
375:Robert Guiscard
272:' crossing the
239:Robert Guiscard
224:
223:
222:
221:
213:
212:
211:
202:
201:
200:
189:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1879:
1861:
1855:
1842:
1834:"Anna Comnena"
1829:
1823:
1806:
1800:
1787:
1765:
1760:
1744:Macrides, Ruth
1740:
1734:
1718:
1706:
1686:
1669:
1656:
1638:
1617:
1592:Gibbon, Edward
1588:
1581:
1566:
1560:
1543:
1538:978-0140455274
1537:
1524:
1518:
1505:
1499:
1491:The Byzantines
1486:
1473:
1467:
1454:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1415:, p. 257.
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1365:Frankopan 2002
1357:
1355:, p. 253.
1345:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1295:, p. 213.
1285:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1234:, p. 120.
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1139:
1135:Frankopan 2002
1124:
1120:Frankopan 2002
1109:
1107:, p. 351.
1097:
1093:Frankopan 2009
1085:
1083:, p. 130.
1073:
1056:
1054:, p. 193.
1044:
1042:, p. 194.
1025:
1013:
1011:, p. 192.
996:
977:
973:Frankopan 2009
965:
961:Frankopan 2009
953:
941:
937:Frankopan 2009
929:
925:Second Crusade
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
880:
877:
876:
875:
868:
857:
837:
826:
807:
794:
764:
761:
760:
759:
758:
757:
730:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
664:
663:Greek original
661:
659:
656:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
621:
616:
613:
595:
592:
570:
567:
521:
518:
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476:hagiographical
461:
458:
449:
446:
433:historiography
423:
420:
398:
395:
394:
393:
381:(Books 11–13)
368:
367:
350:
349:
336:
335:
290:
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218:Hugh the Great
215:
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205:
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194:
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185:
181:medieval Greek
170:schism of 1054
145:, daughter of
107:
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90:Historiography
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1969:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:First Crusade
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
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1897:
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1826:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1801:9780190939892
1797:
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1582:9780754657378
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1455:
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1440:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1403:, p. 51.
1402:
1397:
1394:
1391:, p. 97.
1390:
1385:
1382:
1379:, p. 95.
1378:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:Shlosser 1990
1337:
1334:
1331:, p. 90.
1330:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1307:, p. 32.
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1270:, p. 46.
1269:
1264:
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1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:, p. 45.
1245:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1222:, p. 70.
1221:
1220:Macrides 2000
1216:
1213:
1210:, p. 98.
1209:
1204:
1201:
1198:, p. 96.
1197:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1184:Macrides 2000
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:Sinclair 2014
1168:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1137:, p. 69.
1136:
1131:
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1125:
1122:, p. 68.
1121:
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986:
984:
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978:
974:
969:
966:
963:, p. ix.
962:
957:
954:
950:
945:
942:
939:, p. xv.
938:
933:
930:
927:(1145–1149)."
926:
922:
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890:First Crusade
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626:Fonds Coislin
623:
622:
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614:
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608:
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605:Chronographia
602:
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584:
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357:First Crusade
354:
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333:
329:
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322:(1094–1097).
321:
320:First Crusade
317:
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294:
287:
283:
279:
275:
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263:
259:
255:
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244:
243:
242:
241:(Books 1–6):
240:
236:
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39:
34:
19:
1905:, retrieved
1891:
1887:
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1865:
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1832:Reese, Lyn,
1812:
1791:
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1595:
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1528:
1509:
1490:
1481:
1477:
1458:
1447:, retrieved
1443:the original
1438:
1432:
1408:
1396:
1389:Reinsch 2000
1384:
1377:Reinsch 2000
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1293:Neville 2013
1288:
1280:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1232:Cavallo 1997
1227:
1215:
1208:Reinsch 2000
1203:
1196:Reinsch 2000
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1142:
1100:
1088:
1081:Garland 2006
1076:
1052:Neville 2013
1047:
1040:Neville 2013
1021:Halsall 2001
1016:
1009:Neville 2013
968:
956:
944:
932:
920:
917:Neville 2016
913:Kazhdan 1991
908:
871:
860:
841:
829:
825:, 1969–1972)
810:
798:
790:Livres XI-XV
789:
782:
775:
769:
732:
714:
704:Translations
668:
618:
609:
604:
597:
587:
582:
578:
576:
572:
562:
554:
551:
546:
538:
530:
525:
523:
508:
491:
463:
453:
451:
441:
436:
427:
425:
402:
400:
389:
385:
370:
369:
363:
352:
351:
345:
338:
337:
327:
323:
315:
303:
299:
292:
291:
285:
281:
277:
274:Adriatic Sea
261:
257:
245:
230:
229:
225:
173:
161:
143:Anna Komnene
113:
112:
110:
69:
60:Anna Komnene
43:
1927:1140s books
1680:, Belfast,
1575:. Ashgate.
1459:The Normans
1433:The Alexiad
1413:Connor 2004
1353:Connor 2004
1317:Gibbon 1994
992:Brians 1998
949:Hunger 1981
895:Attic Greek
776:Livres I-IV
733:The Alexiad
615:Manuscripts
154:Attic Greek
80:Attic Greek
18:The Alexiad
1921:Categories
1856:0815338511
1824:0813511984
1761:0815336454
1735:0195046528
1713:, Vienna:
1687:0853895813
1561:0231125992
1519:0300186460
1500:0226097927
1468:0312577761
1422:References
1329:Brown 1984
855:9751011353
847:Bilge Umar
823:Ossolineum
788:vol. III:
783:Livres V-X
693:3110158132
543:Nicephoros
448:Influences
178:vernacular
50:, Florence
1876:: 397–406
1784:: 192–218
1401:Hill 1996
1268:Hill 1996
1256:Hill 1996
1244:Hill 1996
872:Alessiade
870:Italian:
839:Turkish:
811:Aleksjada
799:Алексиада
796:Russian:
781:vol. II:
725:, 1928) (
721:(London:
488:Armenians
472:Frankopan
467:panegyric
187:Structure
128:romanized
94:biography
1907:17 March
1695:citation
1606:citation
1600:, London
1594:(1994),
1449:22 April
1279:Komnene
879:See also
859:German:
809:Polish:
774:vol. I:
768:French:
739:, 1969)
416:Odysseus
377:'s son,
332:Bogomils
314:(1094).
166:Crusades
139:medieval
76:Language
31:Alexiad
1866:Alexiad
1772:Alexiad
1748:Alexiad
1674:Alexiad
1645:Alexiad
1635:: 25–34
1625:Alexiad
1548:Alexiad
1529:Alexiad
1480:Alexiad
1281:Alexiad
921:Alexiad
867:, 1996)
861:Alexias
828:Czech:
737:Penguin
709:English
628:(Paris)
588:Alexiad
583:Alexiad
579:Alexiad
577:In the
563:Alexiad
555:Alexiad
547:Alexiad
539:Alexiad
531:Alexiad
526:Alexiad
509:Alexiad
501:Homeric
492:Alexiad
480:Normans
454:Alexiad
442:Alexiad
437:Alexiad
428:Alexiad
405:is the
403:Alexiad
390:Book 13
386:Book 12
364:Book 11
328:Book 15
324:Book 14
316:Book 10
308:Tzachas
270:Normans
254:Normans
235:Normans
174:Alexiad
162:Alexiad
147:Emperor
137:) is a
134:Alexias
130::
123:Ἀλεξιάς
114:Alexiad
70:Ἀλεξιάς
44:Alexiad
1853:
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845:, tr.
832:, tr.
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717:, tr.
691:
490:. The
484:Franks
397:Themes
346:Book 8
304:Book 9
300:Book 7
286:Book 6
282:Book 5
278:Book 4
266:Doukas
262:Book 3
258:Book 2
246:Book 1
56:Author
1069:Reese
901:Notes
763:Other
482:and "
119:Greek
86:Genre
1909:2021
1892:2014
1851:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1796:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1701:link
1682:ISBN
1612:link
1577:ISBN
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