Báb - Knowledge

1671:, where he states, ", unsigned and undated, was claimed to be in the Báb's handwriting and consists of a complete recantation and renunciation of any superhuman claim which he may have advanced or have appeared to advance. There is nothing to show to whom it is addressed, or whether it is the recantation referred to in the last paragraph of the or another. The handwriting, though graceful, is not easily legible..." But Amanat considers the document, which has no signature and date, to be fabricated. According to Amanat the document does not match the writing style of the Báb and was forged by the government officials of Tabriz to discredit him and please the Shah. Amanat believes that in the best scenario, the document may have been prepared by the government officials, but the Báb refused to sign it. He stood his ground despite great pressure to recant and gain his freedom. Consequently, he was executed by a firing squad in public in Tabriz to crush the Bábí movement and to display the restored power of the Qajar government under the new minister, 1959:

God shall make manifest". The Báb always discusses his own revelation and laws in the context of this promised figure. The essence and purpose of the Báb's own mission, as he always stressed, was to prepare the people for the advent of him. The Báb describes this messianic figure as the origin of all divine attributes, and states that his command is equivalent to God's command. He asks his followers to independently investigate and look for the promised one, and recognize him out of his own intrinsic reality, works and attributes, and not due to any reasons external to him. He even warns them not to be deprived of the promised one by arguing against him from the works of the Báb, the same way the followers of the previous religions opposed the next prophet while citing their holy scriptures. Furthermore, the Báb speaks of the imminence of the advent of the promised one and refers to the time of his advent as year nine and nineteen.

2079:, particularly his prayers, which are often recited individually as well as in devotional gatherings. The works of the Báb have also excited scholarly interest and analysis. Elham Afnan describes the writings of the Báb as having "restructured the thoughts of their readers, so that they could break free from the chains of obsolete beliefs and inherited customs". Jack McLean notes the novel symbolism of the Báb's works, observing that "The universe of the Báb's sacred writings is pervasively symbolic. Numbers, colors, minerals, liquids, the human body, social relationships, gestures, deeds, language (letters and words), and nature itself are all mirrors or signs that reflect the profounder reality of the names and attributes (asmá va sifát) of God". The Báb's works are characterised by linguistic innovation, including many 1796:), the Báb was taken to the courtyard of the barracks where he was imprisoned. Thousands of people gathered to watch his execution. The Báb and Anis were suspended on a wall and a large firing squad of soldiers prepared to shoot. Numerous eye-witness reports, including those of Western diplomats, recount the result. The order was given to fire. Accounts differ on the details, but all agree that the first volley failed to kill the Báb; the bullets had instead cut the rope suspending them from the wall. A second firing squad was brought in and a second order to fire given. This time the Báb was killed. In Bábí and Baháʼí tradition, the failure of the first volley to kill the Báb is believed to be a miracle. The remains of the Báb and Anis were thrown into a ditch and assumed eaten by dogs, an action condemned by 1751:

Cause of spiritual and social renewal. In many places in this commentary, Sayyid Ali Muhammad referred to himself by the traditional Muslim title "Báb" (Gate) although it was apparent from the context that he intended by this term a spiritual claim very different from any which had previously been associated with it. At one level, his use of the title "Gate" was designed to lessen the challenging impact of his claim to be an independent Messenger of God, while at another, for those who grasped the implications of his claims, this title pointed to his role as the forerunner or "Gate of Ba" – a reference to Baha'u'llah, the promised universal messenger anticipated by the world's major scriptures.

2428:("Book of Five Grades"): Having been composed in March and April 1850, this is one of the Báb's last works. The book consists of eighty-five sections arranged in seventeen groups, each under the heading of a different name of God. Within each group are five "grades", that is, five different sorts of sections: verses, prayers, homilies, commentaries, and Persian language pieces. Each group was sent to a different person and was composed on a different day. Thus the work is a kind of miscellany of unrelated material. Some of the sections represent further exposition of basic themes in the Báb's teachings; others consists of lengthy iterations of the names of God, and variations on their roots. 1615:

extant eyewitness reports of the trial, of which several may originate from an earlier source. Six of the reports are from Muslim accounts and portray the Báb in an unfavorable light. There are 62 questions found in the nine sources, however eighteen occur in one source, fifteen in two, eight in three, five in four, thirteen in five, and three in six. Not including "yes" and "he did not answer", only thirty-five answers remain, of which ten occur in one source, eight in two, six in three, three in four, two in five, five in six. Only one answer is found in all nine eyewitness sources, where the Báb states that "I am that person you have been awaiting for one thousand years."

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abolishing the priesthood, and emphasizing ethics, independent investigation of truth, and human nobility are among the key teachings of the Báb. Another fundamental focus of his teachings is his emphasis on the advent of a messianic figure, whom he frequently refers to as "he whom God shall make manifest." The Báb consistently discusses his own revelation and laws in the context of this promised figure. Unlike previous religions where references to promised figures were only occasional and hinted at through allusions, the main focus of the Bayan, the mother book of the Bábí dispensation, is preparing the way for "he whom God shall make manifest."

1951:. According to Saiedi, if Amir Kabir knew about the key role that Bahá'u'lláh was playing in the Bábí community, he would have him executed. Bahá'u'lláh, Mírzá Yahyá and one of the Báb's secretaries had reached an agreement that in order to protect Bahá'u'lláh, the younger brother would be recognized as the figurehead of the Bábí community and would be kept in hiding out of harm's way. This would leave Bahá'u'lláh freer to continue his activities as a leading Bábí. Accordingly, the Báb sent a letter to Mírzá Yahyá naming him to nominal leadership pending the imminent appearance of the Promised One, commonly referred to as ' 1149:, highlighting the continuity and renewal of religion. He also emphasized ethics, independent investigation of truth, and human nobility. Additionally, he provided prescriptions to regulate marriage, divorce, and inheritance, and set forth rules for a future Bábí society, although these were never implemented. Throughout, the Báb always discussed his own revelation and laws in the context of the aforementioned promised figure. Unlike previous religions, which sporadically alluded to promised figures, the primary focus of the 1978:. Azali successorship remains disputed. Baháʼí sources report that 11 of the 18 "witnesses" appointed by Mírzá Yahyá to oversee the Bábí community became Baháʼís, as his son did. The man allegedly appointed by Mírzá Yahyá to succeed him, Hadí Dawlat-Abádí, later publicly recanted his faith in the Báb and Mírzá Yahyá. Today Baháʼís have several million followers, while estimates of the number of Azalís are generally around one thousand in Iran, and any organization of theirs seems to have ceased to exist. 1862:, especially refraining from causing others sadness, and in bringing all things, whether in nature or man-made, to a state of perfection, a process of imbuing all things with beauty and spiritual purpose. In this way, civilization itself becomes a sacred undertaking; a task that can only be understood, the Báb indicates, by fixing one's "gaze on the Order of Baha'u'llah." As underscored by Saiedi, "the wider importance of the Báb's writings lie in their inextricable relation to those of Baha'u'llah..." 2400:("Seven Proofs"): There are two works by this name, the longer one in Persian, the shorter one in Arabic; both were composed in Maku in late 1847 or early 1848. Nicholas called the Persian Seven Proofs "the most important of the polemical works that issued from the pen of Sayyid ʿAlí Muhammad". The work was written to either a non-Bábí or to a follower whose faith had been shaken, but the recipient's identity is unknown. The Arabic text summarizes the seven proofs found in the Persian text. 2177:

of the will of God with the historical stage of the development of humanity." As human understanding and action undergoes change, so too is religion an unfolding and progressive phenomenon. The Persian Bayan, the principal scriptural work of the Báb during this period, openly proclaims the inception of a new religion. The Báb's legal system included details for marriage, burial, pilgrimage, prayer, and other practices that appear designed for a future Bábí state or to be implemented by

2374:: This is undoubtedly the most important work of the Báb and contains a mature summary of his teachings. It was composed in Maku in late 1847 or early 1848. The work consists of nine chapters titled váhids or "unities", which in turn are usually subdivided into nineteen bábs or "gates"; the one exception is the last unity, which has only ten bábs. The Báb explained that it would be the task of "He Whom God shall make manifest" to complete the work; Baháʼís believe Baháʼu'lláh's 1955:' by the Báb. At the time Mírzá Yahyá, still a teenager, had never demonstrated leadership in the Bábí movement, and was still living in the house of his older brother, Baháʼu'lláh. According to Amanat, it seems very unlikely that Mírzá Yahyá, a young man who was no more than 18 years old in could have been directly the focus of the Báb attention, especially in the situation where the Báb was prohibited from communicating with his followers in the prisons of Maku and Chihriq. 1928: 1290:

mathematics and calligraphy, which were little studied. The Báb's preoccupation with spirituality, creativity and imagination also angered his teachers and was not tolerated in the atmosphere of the 19th-century Persian school system. This led the Báb to become disillusioned with the education system, he later instructs adults to treat children with dignity, to allow children to have toys and engage in play and to never show anger or harshness to their students.

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to his home where Mullá Husayn told him of his search for the possible successor to Kazim Rashti, the Promised One. The Báb claimed this, and to be the bearer of divine knowledge. Mullá Husayn became the first to accept the Báb's claims to be an inspired figure and a likely successor to Kazim Rashti. The Báb had replied satisfactorily to all of Mullá Husayn's questions and had written in his presence, with extreme rapidity, a long

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consequently not appreciated by the hearts and minds of the people around him; and a later stage, where he openly declared that he was not only the promised Twelfth Imam of Shiah Islam, but a Prophet who has brought a new world religion, prophesied by Torah, Gospel and the Quran. This new revelation, he claimed, would release the creative energies and capacities necessary for the establishment of global unity and peace.

340: 56: 2112:, mentions nine complete commentaries on the Quran, revealed during the Báb's imprisonment at Maku, which have been lost without a trace. Establishing the true text of the works that are still extant, as already noted, is not always easy, and some texts will require considerable work. Others, however, are in good shape; several of the Báb's major works are available in the handwriting of his trusted secretaries. 2158:

emphasizing the unity of God and his prophets and of all people. Rather than revealing new religious laws, early Bábí doctrine "focuses on the inner and mystical meanings of religious law" and "turning ritual action into a spiritual journey" These themes continue in later years, but a shift takes place where his emphasis moves to philosophical elucidation, and finally to legislative pronouncements.

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predecessor but ultimately leading to the emergence of a still more perfect religion. These prophets are seen as perfect reflections of God in the world. He emphasizes the unity of prophets, comparing them to mirrors reflecting the same sun (God). Additionally, the Báb asserts that divine revelation is an ongoing process, with new prophets appearing throughout history.

2328:"): The Báb wrote this commentary for Yahyá Dárábí Vahíd while he was in Shiraz; it is the most important work revealed during the Shiraz period. Though the surah is only three verses in length, being the shortest in the Quran, the commentary on it is over two hundred pages in length. The work was widely distributed, and at least a dozen early manuscripts are extant. 6777: 590: 2173:

The realization of "true justice" in the world, and the central role of religion in attaining such justice, is another major focus of this stage. He even, in his Treatise on Singing, explores the philosophy of music, "where like every other human action, singing becomes moral or immoral depending on the intention of the actor and the function of the act."

962: 1153:, the foundational text of the Bábí faith, was to prepare for the arrival of the promised one. The Báb was popular among the lower classes, the poor and the urban merchants, artisans and some villagers, he faced opposition from the orthodox clergy and the government, which eventually executed him and thousands of his followers, who were known as Bábís. 1380:...very taciturn, and would never utter a word unless it was absolutely necessary. He did not even answer our questions. He was constantly absorbed in his own thoughts, and was preoccupied with repetition of his prayers and verses. He is described as a handsome man with a thin beard, dressed in clean clothes, wearing a green shawl and a black turban. 2232:. The entire work, which is several hundred pages in length and is considered to be revelation by Baháʼís, required forty days to write; it is one of the Báb's longer Arabic works. It was widely distributed in the first year of the Bábí movement, functioning as something of a Quran or Bible for the Bábís. In the book the Báb states his claim to be a 1566: 1893:

described as possessing all divine attributes and having authority equal to God's. The Báb encourages independent investigation to recognize the promised one based on their character and actions, not external factors. He warns against rejecting the promised one based on the Bábí scriptures, mirroring how past religions opposed new prophets.

1535:. This renunciation saved him from immediate execution. According to Abbas Amanat in conformity with his own policy of prudence during the early stages of his mission, the Báb wrote a statement, apparently under pressure, renouncing his claims to the position of Bábiya (gatehood) and disowning those who advocated such beliefs about him. 2181:, the promised universal messenger of God who is mentioned throughout the Báb's writings. All these laws were contingent on the approval of "Him Whom God shall make manifest" and thus their importance lied in the spiritual meaning which they symbolized: the recognition of Him Whom God shall make manifest in the next divine revelation. 1855:

one indivisible people...". A universal ethical perspective was thus emphasized by the Báb, including the moral imperative of making no distinction between believers and nonbelievers and of recognizing the objective needs of others. The intent of these teachings was to lay the basis "for the revolutionary transformation of humankind."

1461:, which combine to form the Word) and given the task of spreading the new faith (understood as the return or continuation of the one Faith of Abraham) across Iran and Iraq. The Báb emphasized the spiritual station of these 18 individuals, who, along with himself, made the first "Unity" of his religion according to the Arabic term 1313:(1822–1882), the daughter of a prominent merchant in Shíráz. The marriage proved a happy one, though their only child – a boy named Ahmad – died the year he was born (1843) and Khadijih never conceived again. The young couple occupied a modest house in Shiraz along with the Báb's mother. Later, Khadijih became a Baháʼí. 1401:– a significant martyr and symbol of sacrifice in Shia Islam. Although previously inclined toward sharing the Qur'an, it was after this dream that he was able to write his own verses and prayers, claiming divine inspiration. In April 1844, his wife Khadijih became the first to believe in his revelation. 2176:

In 1848 the Báb's teachings changed with a clear abrogation of Islamic law and the introduction of his own set of doctrines and practices. A radical thesis was offered: religion is not to be understood as the unending imposition of the Will of God on humans, but rather the "product of the interaction

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Unlike earlier religions in which references to future promised figures were occasional and only in hints and allusions, the entirety of the Bayan, the mother book of the Bábí dispensation, is essentially a discourse on a messianic figure, even greater than himself, that the Báb refers to as "he Whom

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The Báb reinterprets resurrection not as the end of the world but as the decline of an old religion and its revival through a new revelation. He uses the metaphor of seasons to explain this cyclical progression. He argues that just as a tree dies in winter but reemerges in spring, so too do religions

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The unsigned and undated official government report states that because of his harsh beating, the Báb orally and in writing recanted, apologized, and stated that he would not continue to advance claims of divinity. The document of his alleged recantation was written shortly after his trial in Tabriz.

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The Báb discusses many fundamental issues in religion in this second stage including how to recognize spiritual truth, the nature of the human being, the meaning of faith, the nature of good deeds, the preconditions of spiritual journey and the question of the eternality or origination of the world.

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The writings of the Báb have been described in terms of different typologies, including chronologically and thematically. The Báb himself divides his writings into two stages: the first stage, where for purposes of preparation and prudence, the subtleties of his claims and teachings were veiled and

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are the greatest proof of his mission and the writings of the Báb comprise over two thousand tablets, epistles, prayers, and philosophical treatises. Most works were revealed in response to specific questions by Bábís. Sometimes the Báb revealed works very rapidly by chanting them in the presence of

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based on secularism, internationalism, and the rejection of war. It is this vision which has enabled it to survive to the present day – as Bahá'ísm – in pockets and communities peopled by five million souls, and which qualifies it for inclusion in any narrative about modernisation in the Middle East.

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The Báb emphasizes forgiveness, kindness, and doing good to others, even those who wrong you. He advocates for personal improvement, environmental preservation, and creating a beautiful and prosperous society. He forbids violence and promotes peaceful coexistence through kindness and gentle manners.

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A core Bábí belief is the concept of continuous and evolving religion. God progressively reveals himself through prophets, and as humanity advances, divine teachings become more comprehensive and sophisticated. Each religion arises in response to the specific social needs of its time, surpassing its

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The nature of the Báb's different claims and how they were understood to various groups is complicated. Detractors argue that the changing claims represent the Báb's own changing aspirations, while supporters describe the issue as a prudent and gradual disclosure of a coherent identity. For example,

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The Báb's first religiously inspired experience, claimed and witnessed by his wife, is dated to about the evening of 3 April 1844. The Báb's first public connection with his sense of a mission came with the arrival of Mullá Husayn in Shiraz. On the night of 22 May Mullá Husayn was invited by the Báb

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He referred to himself by the traditional Muslim title "Báb" (meaning the gate) although it was apparent from the context that he intended by this term a spiritual claim very different from any which had previously been associated with it. He proclaimed that the central purpose of his mission was to

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The teachings of the Báb offer new interpretations of the notions of God, religion, and prophets, and reinterpret religious concepts such as heaven, hell, and resurrection accordingly. Progressive revelation, continuity, and renewal of religion, modernizing education, improving the status of women,

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identifies its author as a Messenger of God, in the line of Moses, Jesus, Muhammad and those who had preceded them. This commentary is addressed to the whole of humankind, with many references to the peoples of the earth, and of the rulers of East and West, inviting them to accept a new, "wondrous"

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The gradual unfolding of claims caused some confusion, both among the public and for some of his followers. Some early believers saw him as a messenger from God with divine authority, and this resulted in disagreement within the Bábí community. Even though the Báb had intended to convey his message

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The Babi movement, which began in the 1840s, went on to become an important catalyst of social progressiveness in mid-nineteenth-century Iran, promoting interreligious peace, social equality between the sexes and revolutionary anti-monarchism... it went on to present a vision of modernity that was

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The Báb emphasizes the inherent capacity of humans to think critically and engage in independent investigation of truth. He abolishes the clergy and emphasizes the words of revelation, not miracles, as the true test of a prophet's legitimacy. He removes the power structure of priests and prohibits

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At the heart of the teachings of the Báb was a call for the reconciliation of all members of the human family, marking the advent of a new stage in human history: "be as the leaves and fruit of the same tree, that haply ye may become a source of comfort to one another... It behooveth you all to be

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The Báb strongly advocates for rationality, science, and efficient education. He envisions a progressive society built on well-organized schools, teaching ethics, respect for diverse opinions, scientific inquiry, and the role of women in society. He encourages the learning of natural sciences and

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Unlike earlier religions with occasional hints of future prophets, the Bábí scripture, the Bayan, revolves around a messianic figure greater than himself, referred to as "He Whom God Shall Make Manifest." The Báb positions his own mission as preparing the way for this promised one. This figure is

2422:("The Book of Names"): This is an extremely long book about the names of God. It was penned during the Báb's last days at Chehriq, before his execution. The various manuscript copies contain numerous variations in the text; the book will require considerable work to reconstruct its original text. 2144:

in his religious works, though in his Arabic letters he made very few mistakes. A reason for this inconsistency could be to distinguish those who could not see past the outer form of the words from those that could understand the deeper meaning of his message. The Báb in his Treatise on Grammar,

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was started by the Báb in November or December 1843, some six months before declaring his mission. The first half was completed by February or March 1844; the second half was revealed after the Báb's declaration. It is the only work of the Báb's revealed before his declaration that has survived

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The Bábí faith significantly improved the lives of women compared to prevailing norms. He generally treats women and men equally in his laws, alleviating burdens imposed by Islamic law. He discourages polygamy, forbids forced marriage and concubinage, and grants women greater control over their

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The trial, attended by the Crown Prince, occurred in July 1848 and involved numerous local clergy. They questioned the Báb about the nature of his claims, his teachings, and demanded that he produce miracles to prove his divine authority. They admonished him to recant his claims. There are nine

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and faced a firing squad of 750 rifles. Following the first volley, the Báb was discovered to be missing and later found and returned to the square. He was eventually killed by the second volley. Accounts differ on the details, but all agree that the first volley failed to kill him. This widely

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summarises the Báb's impact: "Alone, He undertook a task that can scarcely be conceived... This illustrious Being arose with such power as to shake the foundations of the religious laws, customs, manners, morals, and habits of Persia, and instituted a new law, faith, and religion." He has been

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The trial did not bring a decisive result. Some clergy called for capital punishment, but the government pressured them to issue a lenient judgement because the Báb was popular. The government asked medical experts to declare the Báb insane to prevent his execution. It is also likely that the

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whenever he found existing theological terms inadequate. Free association and stream-of-consciousness-style composition are marked features of some works. Several scholars have identified the continual repetition of particular words or phrases of religious importance to be a distinct feature

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The Báb views religion as a dynamic phenomenon resulting from the interaction between God's will and humanity's historical stage. He rejects the traditional view of religion as an absolute and unchanging imposition of God's will. Religion, like humanity, is a dynamic and progressive reality.

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The Báb's teachings can be further understood as having three broad stages, each with a dominant thematic focus. His earliest teachings are primarily defined by his interpretation of the Quran and hadith, which recast common understandings of theological belief in light of a new hermenutics

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primary school, where he remained for six or seven years. In contrast to the formal, orthodox theology which dominated the school curriculum of the time, which included the study of jurisprudence and Arabic grammar, the Báb from a young age felt inclined towards unconventional subjects like

2133:, gives a description of many works; much of the following summary is derived from that source. In addition to major works, the Báb revealed numerous letters to his wife and followers, many prayers for various purposes, numerous commentaries on verses or chapters of the Quran, and many 1962:

In 1863, nineteen years after the Báb declared his mission, Baha'u'llah, in the company of his companions in Iraq, and later in 1866 in Edirne, in a more publicized manner, claimed to be the figure promised by the Báb. Most of the Bábí community accepted him and later became known as

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the events of the birth, declaration and death of the Báb are commemorated by Baháʼí communities on a yearly basis. At the centennial of the declaration of the Báb to Mulla Husayn in May 1944, the Baháʼís had a viewing of the portrait of the Báb during the celebrations held at the

1301:. As a merchant, he was renowned for his honesty and trustworthiness in his business, which was focused on trade with India, Oman, and Bahrain. Some of his earlier writings suggest that he did not enjoy the business and instead applied himself to the study of religious literature. 2475:

the second disciple of the Báb was condemned jointly by an assembled group of Shiite and Sunni clerics on a charge of heresy in Iraq in 1844 (the year of the declaration of the Báb), because he believed in the author of a work (Qayyūm al-asmā) that claimed to be a revelation of

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Most of the writings of the Báb have been lost, however. The Báb himself stated they exceeded five hundred thousand verses in length; the Quran, in contrast, is 6300 verses in length. If one assumes 25 verses per page, that would equal 20,000 pages of text. Nabíl-i-Zarandí, in

2355:): This is one of the two important works the Báb penned in Isfahan. It was written spontaneously and publicly in response to a request by Mir Sayyid Muhammad, the chief cleric of the city; much of it was written in one evening, to the astonishment to those present. 1388:

notes "the gentle, the youthful and irresistible person of the Báb" and praises him as being "matchless in His meekness, imperturbable in His serenity, magnetic in His utterance" This personality has been described as having "captivated many of those who met him".

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and traditions, establishing a new religion and introducing a new social order focused on unity, love, and service to others. He encouraged the learning of arts and sciences, modernizing education, and improving the status of women. He introduced the concept of

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The statement made by the Báb in first disclosing his claim to Mulla Husyan describes himself not only as the Messenger of God, but especially as the "Remembrance of God" and the "Proof of God" which unequivocally referred to the long-expected Hidden Imam.

2392:: This is the shorter and less important of the two Bayáns. It consists of eleven váhids or "unities", each with nineteen bábs or "gates". It offers a succinct summary of the Báb's teachings and laws. It was composed at Maku in late 1847 or early 1848. 1448:

Mullá Husayn became the Báb's first disciple. Within five months, seventeen other disciples of Kazim Rashti recognized the Báb as a Manifestation of God. Among them was a woman, Fátimih Zarrín Táj Barag͟háni, a poet, who later received the name of

1641:, examined the Báb and complied with the government's request to find grounds for clemency. The physician's opinion saved the Báb from execution for a time, but the clergy insisted that he face corporal punishment instead, so the Báb suffered 1649:

Some authors theorise that the assertions were made to embarrass the Báb and undermine his credibility with the public, and that the language of this document is very different from the Báb's usual style, and so prepared by the authorities.

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According to Manuchehri, the approach of laying claim to a lower position was intended to create a sense of anticipation for the appearance of the Hidden Imam, as well to avoid persecution and imprisonment, because a public proclamation of

1364:, where he attended lectures of Kazim Rashti. As of his death in December 1843, Kazim Rashti counselled his followers to leave their homes to seek the Mahdi, who, according to his prophecies, would soon appear. One of these followers, 2290:("Book of the Spirit"): This book contains 700 or 900 verses and was written while the Báb was sailing back to Bushehr from pilgrimage. The original was nearly destroyed when the Báb was arrested. Several manuscript copies are extant. 1946:

shortly before the king's death), great care was taken to avoid putting him in the spotlight. Even the Báb's letters to Bahá'u'lláh came in the name of his younger brother Mírzá Yahyá. The danger that threatened Bahá'u'lláh was from

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The remains were clandestinely rescued by a handful of Bábís and then hidden. Over time the remains were secretly transported according to the instructions of Baháʼu'lláh and then ʿAbdu'l-Bahá by way of Isfahan, Kirmanshah,

2246:, revealed before his departure for Mecca in September 1844, and consists of a collection of fourteen prayers, mostly to be recited on specific holy days and festivals. Its content remained within the expectations of Islam. 2364:

The Báb left Isfahan in March 1847, sojourned outside Tehran several months, then was sent to a fortress at Maku, Iran, close to the Turkish border. It witnessed the composition of some of the Báb's most important works.

1546:, who became sympathetic. After an informal gathering where the Báb debated the local clergy and displayed his speed in producing instantaneous verses, his popularity soared. After the death of the governor of Isfahan, 1410: 1193:, claimed in 1863 to be the fulfillment of the Báb's prophecy. The majority of Bábí adherents converted and became Baháʼís by the end of the 19th century. The Baháʼís consider him a Manifestation of God, like 2016:" is a concept fundamental to Baháʼí belief, describing the relationship between the Báb and Baháʼu'lláh. Both are considered Manifestations of God in their own right, having each founded separate religions ( 1781:, ordered the execution of the Báb, probably because of various Bábí insurrections' defeats and because the movement's popularity appeared to be waning. The Báb was brought back to Tabriz from Chehriq for an 2020:

and the Baháʼí Faith) and revealed their own holy scriptures. To Baháʼís, however, the missions of the Báb and Baháʼu'lláh are inextricably linked: The Báb's mission was to prepare the way for the coming of

1278:. His father was Muhammad Riḍá, and his mother was Fátimih (1800–1881), a daughter of a prominent Shiraz merchant. She later became a Baháʼí. His father died when he was quite young, and his maternal uncle 2296:("Treatise Between the Two Sanctuaries"): This Arabic work was written while the Báb traveled from Mecca to Medina in early 1845 and is in response to questions posed to him by a prominent Shaykhí leader. 1188:

in Christianity: a forerunner or founder of their own religion. Adherence to the Báb as a divine messenger has survived into modern times in the form of the 8-million-member Baháʼí Faith, whose founder,

2092:, rational discourse—written in Arabic—and the Persian mode, which encompasses the previous four. Scholars have noted commonalities between the Báb's writings and those of Western philosophers such as 2025:, who eventually appeared in the person of Baháʼu'lláh. Both the Báb and Baháʼu'lláh are revered as central figures of the Baháʼí Faith. A parallel is made between Baháʼu'lláh and the Báb as between 1531:

of Shiraz questioned Báb about his claims. He denied that he was the representative of the Qá'im or an intermediary to the faithful; the Báb later repeated the same in front of a congregation at the

1527:, where they last saw each other. Quddús' travel to Shiraz brought the Báb's claim to the attention of the governor, Husayn Khan, who tortured Quddús and summoned the Báb to Shiraz in June 1845. The 2165:

of being and creation, and in the third legislative stage his mystical and historical principles unite as the Báb's writings gain a historical consciousness. and clearly establish the principle of

1731:

status could bring a swift penalty of death. In the early months of his public declarations, the adoption of a cautious policy had essentially achieved maximum attention with minimum controversy.

2380:

to be the completion of the Bayán. Each unity begins with an Arabic summary of its contents, which makes it easier to read than many of the Báb's works. Extracts of this work are published in

2302:("The Book of the Catalogue"): A list of the Báb's works, composed by the Báb himself after he returned from pilgrimage to Mecca, 21 June 1845. It is a bibliography of his earliest writings. 2318:: The Báb wrote this treatise to an unknown correspondent in 1845. Over a hundred pages in length, it states many of his basic teachings, especially in relation to some Shaykhi beliefs. 7068: 917: 1634:

and stated, "The repentance of an incorrigible apostate is not accepted, and the only thing which has caused the postponement of thy execution is a doubt as to thy sanity of mind."

1384:

An Irish physician described him as "a very mild and delicate-looking man, rather small in stature and very fair for a Persian, with a melodious soft voice, which struck me much".

2531:

In three instances where Bábís were besieged and under attack by the Iranian army, they defended themselves. Eventually almost all of them were massacred. The Báb never permitted

6492: 1998: 2544:

Some accounts say Anís succumbed to death on the first volley, another that the Báb was dispatched by a sword. The bullets had cut the rope suspending them from the wall. See

1341:, or a deputy of the Hidden Imam. He took a less-literalist approach to Islamic teachings, for example teaching that the material body of Muhammad did not ascend during the 5391: 2413:

for his trial. The works he produced there were more esoteric or mystical and less thematically organized. Two major books were produced, in addition to many minor works:

1718:

the Báb's first writing was designed in the same style as the Qur'an, something that would have been easily recognized at the time as a claim to revelation. Saiedi writes:

1591:, that remained unfinished. Because of the Báb's growing popularity in Maku, even the governor of Maku converting, the prime minister transferred him to the fortress of 991: 7185: 6651: 1603:

In June 1848, the Báb was brought from Chihríq to Tabríz to face trial for apostasy in front of a body of Islamic clergy. On the way, he spent 10 days in the town of

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prepare for the coming of a spiritual luminary greater than himself – the promised one of the world's great religions; he referred to this promised deliverer as "

647: 642: 5837: 5219: 1722:

His early writings prior to His exile to Maku are ambiguous about His real claim in order to prepare the people for the subsequent unveiling of His true station.

1538:

The Báb was placed under house arrest at the home of his uncle until a cholera epidemic broke out in the city in September 1846. Once released he departed for

7165: 2233: 2013: 1458: 1078: 7160: 2602: 2396: 2218: 2125: 1433: 1897:

congregational prayer led by clerics, arguing that worship requires no human mediation. He views the clergy as a major cause of religious corruption.

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in January 1847. After spending several months in a camp outside Tehran, and before the Báb could meet the Shah, the Prime Minister sent the Báb to

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after his pilgrimage, which listed some regulations to be followed by the Bábí community. A copy of the manuscript probably still exists in Iran.

1349:

was spiritual in nature. Shaykh Ahmad came into conflict with the orthodox Shia theologians of the time and was denounced as an infidel in 1824.

1105:. This new revelation, he claimed, would release the creative energies and capacities necessary for the establishment of global unity and peace. 1376:

Sources commonly describe the Báb as gentle, precocious, or gifted with great intelligence. One of his contemporary followers described him as:

7195: 1165:

documented event increased interest in his message. His remains were secretly stored and transported until they were interred in 1909 into the

1970:

For a small group of Bábís who did not recognize Baháʼu'lláh, Mírzá Yahyá remained their leader until his death in 1912, they became known as

1885:

experience periods of decline and renewal. This concept embraces historical change and human agency, promoting a forward-looking perspective.

1608: 1140:

who, in 1844 at the age of 25, began the Bábi Faith. In the next six years, the Báb composed numerous letters and books in which he abrogated

7140: 6323: 6304: 6243: 6172: 6139: 6102: 6065: 6028: 5989: 5904: 5864: 5813: 5603: 5506: 5485: 5449: 5373: 5352: 5195: 5174: 5148: 5062: 4797: 2341:: This work, of fifty pages' length, was revealed in two hours in response to a question by Governor Manouchehr Khan Gorji. It discusses the 2207:

intact. It also sheds light on the Báb's attitude toward Twelver beliefs. His wife also refers to important episodes before his declaration.

984: 6921: 6786: 1714:

in 941 CE. In his later writings, the Báb more explicitly proclaimed his station as that of the Hidden Imam and a new messenger from God.

769: 2472: 1626:, a champion of the anti-Bábist campaign, not at the Báb's trial, issued a conditional death sentence if the Báb was found to be sane. A 2609:, is found in its original form as document F.O. 60/152/88 in the archives of the Foreign Office at the Public Records Office in London. 1397:

The Báb's mission as a religious leader began with a dream in which he drank seven drops of blood dripping from the lacerated throat of

6962: 6890: 6820: 2190: 2052:

The Bábí movement had a major impact on religious and social thought in 19th century Iran. Christopher de Bellaigue, writing about the

812: 731: 657: 7180: 5098: 2123:

of the Báb. Excerpts from several principal works have been published in the only English-language compilation of the Báb's writings:

1293:

Sometime between the ages 15 and 20 he joined his uncle in the family business, a trading house, and became a merchant in the city of

6549: 6344: 6214: 6193: 5714: 5550: 5409: 5284: 5262: 5127: 4728: 4645: 1356:(1793–1843), and emphasis was placed on the year 1260 AH (1844 CE), one thousand years lunar years after the twelfth Imam went into 7015: 1858:

Ultimately, the Báb explained that human happiness and well-being was dependent on treating other human beings in accord with the

862: 7155: 6566: 5294: 556: 7093: 7005: 6800: 5399: 977: 857: 741: 637: 6637: 2471:, the first work of the Báb after his declaration, that he claimed to be a recipient of divine revelation. As a matter of fact 2178: 1922: 493: 6936: 2006: 784: 6275: 7110: 6895: 4696: 965: 736: 573: 7190: 6644: 6726: 6265: 1909:, a leading female disciple who challenged social norms, further exemplifies his commitment to improving women's rights. 5882: 5850: 5471: 1607:, where the only known portrait of him was made, a copy of which was later sent to Baháʼu'lláh and is still held in the 7037: 2116: 1837: 1619:

government as a face-saving measure and to appease the religious clergy may have spread rumours that the Báb recanted.

884: 6082: 5404:. Mumen Book Series, Studies in the history of religions. Vol. CIV. Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 143–173. 5054:

Religious celebrations : an encyclopedia of holidays, festivals, solemn observances, and spiritual commemorations

7098: 6119: 6045: 2137:

or sermons (most of which were never delivered). Many of these have been lost; others have survived in compilations.

947: 2626:, vol. 8, no. 1 (Fall, 1973), 32. All accounts, even the Muslim ones, concur that the Báb survived the first volley. 2552:, vol. 8, no. 1 (Fall, 1973), 32. All accounts, even the Muslim ones, concur that the Báb survived the first volley. 6900: 6472: 4909: 4887: 4865: 4843: 4745: 2618:

Some accounts say Anís succumbed to death on the first volley, another that the Báb was dispatched by a sword. See

746: 323: 7088: 7042: 6874: 942: 937: 889: 713: 7175: 7170: 1782: 7078: 6795: 1987: 1437: 927: 632: 1476: 6967: 6926: 6825: 6719: 1993: 1657: 1523:, the Custodian of the Kaaba, proclaiming his mission. After their pilgrimage, the Báb and Quddús returned to 817: 774: 662: 514: 6868: 6531: 5874: 5080: 5035: 5010: 4985: 4960: 4935: 4813: 2606: 2438: 1875: 1849: 1785:. The night before his execution, while being conducted to his cell, a young Bábí, Muhammad-Ali (Anis) from 1760: 1653: 1279: 1157: 1113:". The Báb was the "gateway" to this messianic figure, whose message would be carried throughout the world. 707: 509: 468: 7083: 6756: 2418: 2145:

emphasised that Arabic grammar must be taught as an outer symbol of the spiritual grammar of the universe.

1942:, a leading Bábi figure of the time, and that a death warrant had already been once issued against him (by 1939: 1226: 1190: 961: 932: 604: 589: 426: 390: 300: 256: 5228: 2574:

Mullá Husayn was met at the gate of Shiraz by the Báb, they knew each other from having met previously in

1905:

lives. He encourages women's education and sees them as equals to men in the eyes of God. His support for

1346: 463: 31: 6592: 1913:

Overall, the Báb envisioned a community centered on unity, love, service, and the rejection of violence.

1662: 1342: 6977: 5090: 2342: 2084:

throughout the Báb's writings. The Báb himself categorised his writings into five modes: divine verses,

2002: 1694:

The Báb stood on this pulpit in the Masjid-i-Vakíl, addressing the populace of Shiraz in September 1846.

1547: 1543: 1528: 1454: 827: 458: 370: 294: 6854: 6766: 6742: 2376: 1829: 1789:, begged for martyrdom with him, then was immediately arrested and placed in the same cell as the Báb. 1310: 1170: 1074: 693: 614: 581: 488: 260: 217: 182: 7135: 7130: 7027: 6660: 6570: 5298: 2468: 2071: 2053: 1931: 1825: 1743: 1255: 1166: 874: 549: 60: 6815: 6235:

A Most Noble Pattern: Collected Essays on the Writings of the Báb, 'Alí Muhammad Shírází (1819–1850)

5751: 2605:, the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, on 22 July 1850, regarding the execution. The 1585:

near the Turkish border. During his incarceration there, the Báb began his most important work, the

1413:

The room where the Declaration of the Báb took place on the evening of 22 May 1844, in his house in

652: 6695: 6336:

Modernity and the millennium: the genesis of the Baha'i faith in the nineteenth-century Middle East

2448: 2076: 1943: 1551: 519: 7032: 6405:"Review of Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb. Bahʾí Studies Series, vol. 1" 4714: 4664:"Review of Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb. Bahʾí Studies Series, vol. 1" 879: 6957: 6905: 6830: 6424: 6391: 6145: 5910: 5831: 5213: 4683: 2236:, though the claim is disguised with other statements that he is the servant of the Hidden Imám. 2120: 1595:

in April 1848. There too the Báb's popularity grew, and his jailors relaxed restrictions on him.

1286: 807: 751: 667: 7145: 6020: 5319: 4955: 1927: 1623: 530: 6539: 6363: 5704: 6601: 6545: 6512: 6459: 6416: 6383: 6350: 6340: 6319: 6300: 6271: 6239: 6220: 6210: 6189: 6168: 6135: 6098: 6061: 6024: 5995: 5985: 5982:

Citizens of the world: a history and sociology of the Bahaʹis from a globalisation perspective

5958: 5950: 5900: 5860: 5819: 5809: 5766: 5710: 5599: 5546: 5502: 5481: 5445: 5405: 5369: 5348: 5280: 5258: 5201: 5191: 5170: 5144: 5123: 5094: 5068: 5058: 4793: 4724: 4675: 4641: 2520: 1711: 1707: 1631: 1582: 1360:. In 1841 the Báb went on pilgrimage to Iraq and stayed for seven months mostly in and around 1357: 1338: 6622: 5439: 5415: 5138: 5084: 4723:. Translated by Effendi, Shoghi (Hardcover ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 6847: 6690: 6504: 6449: 6375: 6127: 6090: 6053: 6016: 6008: 5942: 5892: 5595: 5542: 5272: 5248: 2619: 2545: 2494: 2487: 2370: 2030: 1587: 1484: 1471: 1185: 1150: 1069:; 20 October 1819 – 9 July 1850) was an Iranian religious leader who was the founder of the 1062: 1015: 686: 419: 231: 5614: 1242: 1077:. The Báb gradually and progressively revealed his claim in his extensive writings to be a 6281: 5922: 5878: 5846: 5638: 5467: 5115: 4623:

A Twofold Mission: Some Distinctive Characteristics of the Person and Teachings of the Báb

2512: 1638: 1520: 1368:, after keeping vigil for 40 days in a mosque, travelled to Shiraz, where he met the Báb. 542: 6982: 5536: 2388: 2229: 1901:

proposes educational reforms like eliminating archaic topics and using simpler language.

1365: 832: 412: 375: 5363: 2228:") was written by the Báb on the evening of 22 May 1844 when he made his declaration to 6952: 5977: 5926: 5436:"Undermining the Foundations of Orthodoxy: Some Notes on the Báb's Sharia (Sacred Law)" 4786: 4749: 4631: 2598: 2141: 2041: 1466: 1398: 1385: 1275: 802: 339: 6535: 5786: 5661: 4980: 4930: 4621: 1333:, were expecting the imminent return of divine guidance through the appearance of the 55: 7124: 6395: 6149: 5914: 5677: 5587: 5560: 5532: 5520: 5163: 5001: 4976: 4951: 4926: 2224: 2046: 1703: 1642: 1429: 5564: 5392:"The eschatology of globalization: the multiple-messiahship of Baháʼulláh revisited" 5252: 7052: 6861: 6700: 5778: 5747: 5731: 5700: 5657: 5395: 5315: 5158: 5026: 2384:; A. L. M. Nicolas translated the entire work into French in four 150-page volumes. 2189: 1821: 1817: 1797: 1667:, the first French Baha'i. A facsimile of the recantation is published in Browne's 1532: 1353: 1322: 1298: 1174: 899: 700: 448: 127: 6267:

Logos and Civilization – Spirit, History, and Order in the Writings of Baháʼu'lláh

4882: 4808: 1765: 1698:

In his early writings (1844–1847), the Báb appears to identify himself as a gate (

6294: 6233: 6183: 5005: 5782: 5516: 5030: 4904: 2162: 2101: 1859: 395: 305: 265: 6597: 5735: 4860: 2622:, Kazem Kazemzadeh, and Howard Garey, "The Báb: Accounts of His Martyrdom", in 2548:, Kazem Kazemzadeh, and Howard Garey, "The Báb: Accounts of His Martyrdom", in 1690: 6987: 6508: 6379: 5962: 5496: 5401:

Studies in Modern Religions and Religious Movements and the Babi/Baha'i Faiths

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The Báb has been criticized for his inconsistent use of correct and incorrect

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and considered the Báb's first revealed work. The date has been adopted as a

1309:

In 1842, at age 23 and following his mother's wishes, he married 20-year-old

154: 141: 6541:

Selections from the Writings of E.G. Browne on the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions

6354: 6318:. Cambridge elements. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press. 6254: 6131: 6057: 5888: 5856: 5706:

Selections from the Writings of E.G. Browne on the Bábí and Baháʼí Religions

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Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran, 1844–1850

2202: 1824:

in 1899. On 21 March 1909, the remains were interred in a special tomb, the

1492: 1330: 1206: 1125: 453: 6972: 6931: 6364:"The Social and Political Thought of Sayyed ʿ⁠Ali Moḥammad Širāzi, the Báb" 6285: 6224: 5185: 2345:, an important subject discussed in debates between Muslims and Christians. 2022: 2017: 1952: 1504: 1110: 1070: 822: 779: 385: 331: 212: 5803: 5052: 4635: 6629: 6610: 6334: 5845:

Saiedi, Nader (2022). "Ch. 3: The Writings and Teachings of the Báb". In

5794: 4838: 4718: 1809: 1480: 1271: 1263: 1222: 1090: 241: 227: 6454: 6437: 6428: 6404: 6204: 4687: 4663: 2601:'s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Tehran, wrote to 6776: 5345:

The Islamic Enlightenment: The Modern Struggle Between Faith and Reason

2575: 2281: 2161:

In the second philosophical stage, the Báb gives an explanation of the

2085: 1805: 1679: 1592: 1539: 1524: 1488: 1361: 1294: 1210: 1198: 1129: 17: 1565: 7020: 6684: 5525:

Erin and Iran: Cultural Encounters between the Irish and the Iranians

2535:

and taught his followers to be peaceful and not convert by the sword.

2410: 2352: 2198: 2089: 1975: 1813: 1770: 1559: 1555: 1519:

in Mecca, the Báb publicly claimed to be the Qa'im, and wrote to the

1512: 1503:

After the eighteen Letters of the Living recognized him, the Báb and

1422: 1414: 1267: 1259: 1181: 1161: 1141: 1133: 1121: 1117: 1098: 867: 114: 95: 43: 6606: 5565:"The Trial of the Báb: Shiʿite Orthodoxy Confronts its Mirror Image" 5435: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 1409: 27:

Iranian prophet and founder of Bábism, venerated in the Baháʼí Faith

1128:, most of whom were engaged in mercantile activities in Shiraz and 7047: 6674: 4792:. The A to Z Guide Series, No. 70. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. 3877: 3875: 2745: 2743: 2684: 2682: 2532: 2409:

The Báb spent two years in Chehriq, except for his brief visit to

2270: 2093: 2026: 1971: 1926: 1833: 1786: 1764: 1739:

openly declared the coming of the promised Hidden Imam and Mahdi.

1728: 1689: 1627: 1604: 1564: 1516: 1508: 1475:, gives the metaphorical identity of the Letters of the Living as 1426: 1408: 1334: 1241: 1218: 1202: 1102: 1094: 1086: 1082: 894: 484: 269: 64: 6206:

Roots of revolution : an interpretive history of modern Iran

5441:

A Most Noble Pattern: Collected Essays on the Writings of the Báb

1550:, his supporter, pressure from the clergy of the province led to 5877:(2022). "Ch. 41: The History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths". In 2519:; meaning "Gate" or "Door", is a reference to the deputy of the 2311:

The Báb was in Bushehr March through June 1845, then in Shiraz.

2097: 1577:

After 40 days in Tabriz, the Báb transferred to the fortress of

1194: 6715: 6711: 6633: 1562:

in the northwestern corner of the country, to his confinement.

5805:

Gate of the heart : understanding the writings of the Báb

5521:"Joycean Modernism in a Nineteenth-Century Qurʼan Commentary?" 3162: 3160: 3052: 3050: 3177: 3175: 3025: 3023: 3021: 2500: 1246:

Calligraphic exercise of the Báb written before ten years old

5466:

Ghaemmaghami, Omid (2022). "Ch. 2: The Life of the Báb". In

5031:"Women iv. in the works of the Báb and in the Babi Movement" 3531: 3529: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 2760: 2758: 2188: 5615:"Taqiyyah (Dissimulation) in the Babi and Bahá'í Religions" 4299: 4297: 4295: 1050: 1035: 1027: 6473:"Az Tehran ta Akka (Persian) | Program in Iranian Studies" 4247: 2075:

a secretary and eyewitnesses. These writings form part of

5592:

The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism

3570: 3568: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3318: 3316: 2730: 2728: 1453:, the Pure. These 18 disciples later became known as the 1044: 1021: 5929:

Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb

5680:

Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb

5140:

The Genesis of the Bâbí-Baháʼí Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs

3923: 3921: 3919: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3516: 3514: 3415: 3413: 3345: 3343: 3255: 3253: 2984: 2982: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2280:: A work composed by the Báb on his sea journey back to 5527:. Boston: Foundation & Center for Hellenic Studies. 4270: 4268: 3843: 3841: 3585: 3583: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 1325:(1753–1826) began a religious school of thought within 1266:

of the city and given the name ʿAlí Muḥammad. He was a

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Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies

1250:

The Báb was born on 20 October 1819 (1 Muharram 1235

6015:, University of California Press, pp. 135–157, 5501:(3rd ed.). New York: Chelsea House Publishers. 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2503: 2497: 1053: 1024: 7061: 6998: 6945: 6914: 6883: 6839: 6784: 6749: 6667: 1160:for apostasy, he was tied up in a public square in 1047: 1041: 1038: 1032: 1018: 252: 247: 237: 223: 207: 197: 189: 178: 170: 133: 122: 103: 77: 72: 41: 6209:. Yann Richard. New Haven: Yale University Press. 5162: 4785: 4766:"Báb, The Book of Names (Kitáb-i-Asmá') (excerpt)" 3628: 3616: 2776: 2688: 1542:. There, many came to see him at the house of the 1274:, with both parents tracing their lineage through 5791:World Religions: Belief, Culture, and Controversy 5752:"Messianic Concealment and Theophanic Disclosure" 1678:After the trial, the Báb was ordered back to the 1352:After Shaykh Ahmad's death, leadership passed to 6493:"The Babi Uprising in Zanjan: Causes and Issues" 5639:"Will and Testament: Translation and Commentary" 4833:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. 4698:The Mission of the Báb: Retrospective, 1844–1944 3881: 1465:, unity, that has a numerical value of 19 using 6593:Images of archival materials related to the Báb 5538:The Sources for Early Bábī Doctrine and History 4519: 4495: 4163: 3373: 2307:Bushehr and Shiraz, March 1845 – September 1846 2058: 1792:On the morning of 9 July 1850 (28 Sha'ban 1266 1735:with discretion, many of his followers such as 1720: 1378: 1073:. He is also one of the central figures of the 6259:. The North American Review – via JSTOR. 6185:The Baháʼí Faith: The Emerging Global Religion 2852: 2070:The Báb affirms that the verses revealed by a 1876:Teachings of the Báb § Some key teachings 6727: 6645: 2788: 2764: 985: 550: 8: 6316:The Bahá'í faith, violence, and non-violence 6167:. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. 5365:Materials for the study of the Bábí Religion 5320:"A Stylistic Analysis of the Báb's Writings" 3963: 3443: 3181: 3166: 3056: 3029: 2749: 1999:Baháʼí House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois) 1938:Because of the prominent social position of 1669:Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion 1656:received copies of the trial documents from 1180:To Baháʼís, the Báb fills a similar role as 6083:"The History of the Bábí and Bahá'í Faiths" 4750:"Classification of the Bahá'í Sacred Texts" 4083: 3307: 3232: 2131:Sources for Early Bábī Doctrine and History 1093:, receiving revelations as profound as the 6734: 6720: 6712: 6652: 6638: 6630: 6362:Abdolmohammadi, Pejman (2 February 2024). 6296:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith 5836:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5444:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 232. 5229:"Baha'i Temple is dedicated at Centennial" 5218:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5086:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 4047: 3939: 3392: 2603:Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 992: 978: 568: 557: 543: 318: 54: 38: 6453: 6232:Lawson, Todd; Ghaemmaghami, Omid (2012). 6021:10.1525/california/9780520258310.003.0006 4640:. Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 3000: 6471:Amanat, Abbas; Vahman, Fereydun (2016). 6409:Journal of the American Oriental Society 5169:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 4668:Journal of the American Oriental Society 4339: 4151: 4035: 2988: 2973: 2921: 2812: 2700: 2673: 2444:List of founders of religious traditions 1645:– 20 lashes to the bottoms of his feet. 1457:(each soul containing one letter of the 7186:People executed for apostasy from Islam 6339:. New York: Columbia University Press. 6089:, London: Routledge, pp. 501–512, 6046:"The Writings and Teachings of the Báb" 5143:. Translated by Rabbani, Ahang. Brill. 4603: 4591: 4579: 4567: 4555: 4543: 4531: 4507: 4483: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4399: 4375: 4274: 4259: 4235: 4223: 4211: 4059: 4011: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3712: 3652: 3640: 3574: 3462: 3361: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3244: 3208: 3196: 3115: 3103: 3080: 3071:, p. 231: "Manifestations of God". 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2639: 2460: 2382:Selections from the Writings of the Báb 2126:Selections from the Writings of the Báb 1840:welcomes visitors to tour the gardens. 580: 501: 476: 440: 403: 362: 346: 330: 283: 5829: 5254:The Báb: The Herald of the Day of Days 5211: 4363: 4351: 4327: 4315: 4303: 4286: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4124: 3999: 3975: 3951: 3927: 3893: 3866: 3832: 3820: 3808: 3796: 3779: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3700: 3676: 3664: 3589: 3559: 3535: 3520: 3505: 3493: 3481: 3431: 3419: 3404: 3349: 3151: 3139: 3127: 2961: 2942: 2902: 2734: 2562: 2251:Pilgrimage, September 1844 – June 1845 6126:, London: Routledge, pp. 40–50, 6052:, London: Routledge, pp. 29–39, 5594:. Iran Studies. Vol. 3. Leiden: 4387: 4139: 4107: 4071: 4023: 3987: 3910: 3847: 3604: 3322: 3220: 3068: 3041: 3012: 2875: 2829: 2800: 1515:, the sacred cities of Islam. At the 1329:. His followers, who became known as 7: 6270:. US: University Press of Maryland. 6182:Hatcher, W.S.; Martin, J.D. (1998). 4720:The Dawn-Breakers: Nabíl's Narrative 4095: 3547: 2719: 2333:Isfahan, September 1846 – March 1847 2056:period in the Islamic world, wrote: 7166:Founders of new religious movements 6188:. San Francisco: Harper & Row. 5277:Khadijih Bagum, the Wife of the Báb 3688: 3334: 2516: 1800:, then British Minister in Tehran. 1285:In Shiraz, his uncle sent him to a 1120:on 20 October 1819, to a family of 1066: 7161:Burials at Monument Gardens, Haifa 6491:Walbridge, John (1 January 2022). 6436:Zabihi-Moghaddam, Siyamak (2023). 5438:. In Lawson; Ghaemmaghami (eds.). 5343:de Bellaigue, Christopher (2018). 1982:Commemorations in the Baháʼí Faith 1777:In mid-1850 a new prime minister, 1630:was issued establishing the Báb's 25: 6477:iranianstudies.macmillan.yale.edu 6007:Lawson, Todd (31 December 2012), 5227:Astley-Cock, John (23 May 1944). 5137:Afnan, Mirza Habibu'llah (2008). 2561:Hajji Muhammad Husayn, quoted in 2360:Maku, late summer 1847 – May 1848 2240:translated the work into Persian. 1832:, on Mount Carmel in present-day 1746:, the first major work of the Báb 30:For the village in Slovakia, see 6775: 6614: 6536:"A Summary of the Persian Bayan" 6438:"The Báb on the Rights of Women" 5759:Online Journal of Baháʼí Studies 5662:"Arabic Grammar of the Báb, The" 5324:Online Journal of Baha'i Studies 2493: 2023:Him whom God shall make manifest 1953:Him Whom God shall make manifest 1014: 960: 588: 338: 5190:. New Haven. pp. 244–245. 5057:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 5006:"Bahaism xii. Bahai Literature" 4248:Universal House of Justice 2002 2343:special prophethood of Muhammad 2273:, the Báb composed many works: 2185:Writings before his declaration 2179:He whom God shall make manifest 2115:The Archives Department at the 1836:, Israel. In its vicinity, the 5523:. In Chehabi; Neville (eds.). 5368:. Cambridge University Press. 4809:"Babism iii. Babism in Neyriz" 4788:The A to Z of the Baháʼí Faith 3629:Lawson & Ghaemmaghami 2012 3617:Lawson & Ghaemmaghami 2012 2777:Lawson & Ghaemmaghami 2012 2689:Lawson & Ghaemmaghami 2012 2405:C͟hihríq, May 1848 – July 1850 1828:, erected for this purpose by 1637:The crown prince's physician, 1111:he whom God will make manifest 1: 7196:People executed by Qajar Iran 6544:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 6124:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 6087:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 6050:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 5884:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 5852:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 5709:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 5498:World Religions: Baha'i Faith 5473:The World of the Bahá'í Faith 5279:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 5257:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 5122:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. 2001:. Speaking at the event were 1710:, the last of whom went into 432: 201:Mirzá Muhammad Ridá (father) 7141:19th-century Iranian writers 6403:Lambden, Stephen N. (2008). 6314:Stockman, Robert H. (2020). 5187:Iran : a modern history 4662:Lambden, Stephen N. (2010). 2467:Although, it was clear from 2211:Shiraz, May – September 1844 1773:, where the Báb was executed 1611:at the Baháʼí World Centre. 6626:at Baháʼí Reference Library 6613:(public domain audiobooks) 6333:Cole, Juan Ricardo (1998). 5637:Manuchehri, Sepehr (2004). 5613:Manuchehri, Sepehr (2000). 4956:"Báb, ʿAli Moḥammad Širāzi" 4829:Bausani, A. (1999). "Báb". 4164:Behmardi & McCants 2007 1405:Declaration to Mullá Husayn 7212: 6901:Universal House of Justice 6538:. In Momen, Moojan (ed.). 5390:Buck, Christopher (2004). 5051:Melton, J. Gordon (2011). 4746:Universal House of Justice 2349:Tafsír-i-Súrih-i-va'l-ʿasr 2119:currently holds about 190 1985: 1920: 1873: 1847: 1758: 1393:Life as a religious leader 1372:Personality and appearance 1282:, a merchant, reared him. 1081:, of a status as great as 747:Universal House of Justice 29: 7181:Iranian religious leaders 7107: 7069:Socioeconomic development 6773: 6509:10.1080/00210869608701854 6380:10.1163/24685623-20230144 6299:. Oneworld Publications. 6253:Ross, E. Denison (1901). 6203:Keddie, Nikki R. (1981). 5619:Australian Bahá'í Studies 5434:Eschraghi, Armin (2012). 5120:The Child of the Covenant 4784:Adamson, Hugh C. (2009). 2789:Hatcher & Martin 1998 2765:Hatcher & Martin 1998 2351:(Commentary on the Surah 2216:The first chapter of the 1783:execution by firing squad 1132:. He was a merchant from 918:Socioeconomic development 276: 53: 6532:Browne, Edward Granville 6095:10.4324/9780429027772-48 5947:10.1525/nr.2010.14.1.124 5897:10.4324/9780429027772-48 4807:Ahdieh, Hussein (2015). 4695:Martin, Douglas (1995). 3964:Amanat & Vahman 2016 2322:Tafsír-i-Súrih-i-Kawthar 2294:Sahífih baynu'l-haramayn 2129:. Denis MacEoin, in his 1658:Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney 1507:left on a pilgrimage to 1499:Travels and imprisonment 1479:of Twelver Shiʿi Islam: 1477:the Fourteen Infallibles 1347:Resurrection of the Dead 1345:, and that the expected 6891:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 6869:Some Answered Questions 6132:10.4324/9780429027772-6 6058:10.4324/9780429027772-5 5740:Bahá'í Studies Bulletin 4910:Encyclopædia Britannica 4888:Encyclopædia Britannica 4866:Encyclopædia Britannica 4844:Encyclopædia Britannica 3308:Momen & Lawson 2011 2439:List of Mahdi claimants 1654:Edward Granville Browne 732:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh 708:Some Answered Questions 7151:Bahá'í central figures 7074:Progressive revelation 6661:Precursors in religion 6264:Saiedi, Nader (2000). 6165:Iran: a modern history 6163:Amanat, Abbas (2017). 6118:Momen, Moojan (2021), 6044:Saiedi, Nader (2021), 6009:"The Baha'i Tradition" 5802:Saiedi, Nader (2008). 5362:Browne, E.G. (1918) . 5184:Amanat, Abbas (2019). 2324:("Tafsir on the Surah 2316:Sahífih-yi-Jaʿfariyyih 2222:("Tafsir on the Surah 2193: 2167:Progressive Revelation 2063: 1935: 1774: 1769:The barrack square in 1724: 1702:), a reference to the 1695: 1609:International Archives 1583:province of Azerbaijan 1574: 1469:. The Báb's book, the 1417: 1382: 1321:In the 1790s in Iraq, 1280:Hájí Mírzá Siyyid ʿAlí 1247: 1147:progressive revelation 923:Progressive revelation 464:Battle of Fort Tabarsi 203:Fátimih Bagum (mother) 7016:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 6978:Letters of the Living 6293:Smith, Peter (2013). 6081:Smith, Peter (2021), 5793:. Santa Barbara, CA: 5676:McLean, Jack (2009). 5643:Baha'i Library Online 5495:Hartz, Paula (2009). 5235:. Chicago. p. 15 5091:Oneworld Publications 4831:Encyclopedia of Islam 4620:Afnan, Elham (2019). 3882:Zabihi-Moghaddam 2023 2473:Mullá ʻAlíy-i-Bastámí 2269:-month pilgrimage to 2192: 2014:Manifestations of God 2003:Dorothy Beecher Baker 1930: 1816:, and then by sea to 1768: 1693: 1568: 1548:Manouchehr Khan Gorji 1455:Letters of the Living 1444:Letters of the Living 1412: 1311:Khadíjih-Sultán Bagum 1245: 863:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh 828:Letters of the Living 459:Conference of Badasht 371:Letters of the Living 295:Letters of the Living 155:32.81444°N 34.98722°E 7191:People of Qajar Iran 6906:Spiritual Assemblies 6896:Administrative Order 5891:. pp. 501–512. 5036:Encyclopædia Iranica 5011:Encyclopædia Iranica 4986:Encyclopædia Iranica 4961:Encyclopædia Iranica 4936:Encyclopædia Iranica 4814:Encyclopædia Iranica 4520:Nabíl-i-Zarandí 1932 4496:Nabíl-i-Zarandí 1932 3374:Nabíl-i-Zarandí 1932 2752:, pp. 135, 141. 2244:Sahífih-yi-makhzúnih 2234:Manifestation of God 2072:Manifestation of God 2012:The notion of "twin 1850:Teachings of the Báb 1844:Teachings and legacy 1761:Execution of the Báb 1554:ordering the Báb to 1116:The Báb was born in 1079:Manifestation of God 752:Spiritual Assemblies 737:Administrative Order 469:Execution of the Báb 6696:Sayyid Kazim Rashti 6623:Writings of the Báb 6455:10.3390/rel14060705 5887:. Oxfordshire, UK: 5879:Stockman, Robert H. 5855:. Oxfordshire, UK: 5847:Stockman, Robert H. 5736:"The Cyprus Exiles" 5476:. Oxfordshire, UK: 5468:Stockman, Robert H. 5421:on 6 September 2019 5347:. London: Vintage. 4522:, pp. 202–204. 4498:, pp. 174–176. 4074:, pp. 182–183. 3990:, pp. 180–181. 3954:, pp. 344–345. 3751:, pp. 294–295. 3715:, pp. 301–304. 3667:, pp. 135–157. 3655:, pp. 273–289. 3538:, pp. 244–245. 3484:, pp. 390–393. 3376:, pp. 151–155. 3247:, pp. 121–123. 3003:, pp. 339–362. 2855:, pp. 102–126. 2853:Abdolmohammadi 2024 2565:, pp. 132–133. 2449:Twin Holy Birthdays 2117:Baháʼí World Centre 1838:Baháʼí World Centre 1820:on the plain below 1680:fortress of Chehríq 1552:Mohammad Shah Qajar 433:Writings of the Báb 151: / 32:Báb, Nitra District 6958:Hands of the Cause 6831:Nineteen Day Feast 5859:. pp. 29–39. 5480:. pp. 17–28. 4701:. The Bahá'í World 3978:, pp. 348–357 3869:, pp. 290–291 2597:Sir Justin Shiel, 2426:Kitáb-i-panj sha'n 2194: 1936: 1923:Baháʼí–Azali split 1775: 1696: 1575: 1418: 1262:to a middle-class 1248: 1169:built for them by 808:Hands of the Cause 668:Nineteen Day Feast 494:Baháʼí–Azali split 216:Central figure in 160:32.81444; 34.98722 7118: 7117: 7028:Shrine of the Báb 6811:Unity of religion 6806:Unity of humanity 6709: 6708: 6602:Project Gutenberg 6325:978-1-108-70627-8 6306:978-1-78074-480-3 6245:978-0-85398-556-3 6238:. George Ronald. 6174:978-0-300-11254-2 6141:978-0-429-02777-2 6104:978-0-429-02777-2 6067:978-0-429-02777-2 6030:978-0-520-25831-0 5991:978-90-474-0746-1 5984:. Leiden: Brill. 5906:978-1-138-36772-2 5866:978-1-138-36772-2 5815:978-1-55458-056-9 5686:Bahai-Library.com 5605:978-90-04-17035-3 5508:978-1-60413-104-8 5487:978-1-138-36772-2 5451:978-0-85398-556-3 5375:978-1-107-41238-5 5354:978-0-099-57870-3 5314:Behmardi, Vahid; 5197:978-0-300-24893-7 5176:978-0-8014-2098-6 5150:978-90-04-17054-4 5064:978-1-59884-206-7 4799:978-0-8108-6853-3 4606:, pp. 93–95. 4594:, pp. 91–92. 4582:, pp. 88–94. 4570:, pp. 85–88. 4546:, pp. 83–85. 4510:, pp. 76–77. 4474:, pp. 66–67. 4450:, pp. 60–61. 4426:, pp. 61–63. 4414:, pp. 59–60. 4402:, pp. 55–57. 4378:, pp. 46–47. 4366:, pp. 34–35. 4330:, pp. 27–28. 4306:, pp. 29–39. 4262:, pp. 15–40. 4238:, pp. 12–15. 3942:, pp. 92–93. 3444:Ghaemmaghami 2022 3364:, pp. 71–72. 3325:, pp. 20–22. 3182:Ghaemmaghami 2022 3167:de Bellaigue 2018 3118:, pp. 30–41. 3057:de Bellaigue 2018 3030:Ghaemmaghami 2022 2750:de Bellaigue 2018 2737:, pp. 36–38. 2278:Khasá'il-i-sabʿih 2110:The Dawn-breakers 1932:Shrine of the Báb 1826:Shrine of the Báb 1425:, commentary, on 1297:, Iran, near the 1173:on the slopes of 1002: 1001: 875:Shrine of the Báb 648:Unity of religion 643:Unity of humanity 567: 566: 317: 316: 193:Ahmad (1843–1843) 61:Shrine of the Báb 16:(Redirected from 7203: 7176:Iranian prophets 7171:Hashemite people 7006:House of Worship 6862:The Hidden Words 6779: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6713: 6691:John the Baptist 6654: 6647: 6640: 6631: 6618: 6617: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6520: 6503:(3–4): 339–362. 6487: 6485: 6483: 6467: 6457: 6432: 6399: 6368:Eurasian Studies 6358: 6329: 6310: 6289: 6260: 6249: 6228: 6199: 6178: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6003: 5973: 5971: 5969: 5923:Stockman, Robert 5918: 5870: 5841: 5835: 5827: 5798: 5774: 5756: 5743: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5658:McCants, William 5653: 5651: 5649: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5609: 5596:Brill Publishers 5583: 5581: 5579: 5556: 5543:Brill Publishers 5528: 5512: 5491: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5420: 5414:. Archived from 5386: 5384: 5382: 5358: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5316:McCants, William 5310: 5308: 5306: 5290: 5268: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5223: 5217: 5209: 5180: 5168: 5154: 5133: 5116:Taherzadeh, Adib 5111: 5109: 5107: 5076: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5022: 5020: 5018: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4834: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4803: 4791: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4691: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4627: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4128: 4122: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4084:Astley-Cock 1944 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3914: 3908: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3870: 3864: 3851: 3845: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3783: 3777: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3593: 3587: 3578: 3572: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3524: 3518: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3466: 3460: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3233:Britannica 2022c 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3185: 3179: 3170: 3164: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2946: 2940: 2925: 2919: 2906: 2900: 2879: 2873: 2856: 2850: 2833: 2827: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2753: 2747: 2738: 2732: 2723: 2717: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2677: 2671: 2627: 2620:Firuz Kazemzadeh 2616: 2610: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2572: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2546:Firuz Kazemzadeh 2542: 2536: 2529: 2523: 2518: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2483: 2477: 2465: 2397:Dalá'il-i-Sab'ih 2339:Nubuvvih khásish 2268: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2077:Bahá'í scripture 2031:John the Baptist 1988:Baháʼí Holy Days 1666: 1485:the Twelve Imams 1317:Shaykhi movement 1270:, descendant of 1186:John the Baptist 1158:Báb was executed 1126:Husaynid lineage 1068: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 994: 987: 980: 964: 858:House of Worship 742:The Guardianship 701:The Hidden Words 592: 569: 559: 552: 545: 477:Resultant groups 363:Prominent people 342: 319: 286:Notable students 232:Religious leader 166: 165: 163: 162: 161: 156: 152: 149: 148: 147: 144: 110: 91: 89: 58: 39: 21: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7114: 7103: 7057: 6994: 6941: 6910: 6879: 6835: 6780: 6771: 6750:Central figures 6745: 6740: 6710: 6705: 6663: 6658: 6615: 6589: 6576: 6574: 6565: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6530: 6527: 6525:Further reading 6497:Iranian Studies 6490: 6481: 6479: 6470: 6435: 6402: 6361: 6347: 6332: 6326: 6313: 6307: 6292: 6278: 6263: 6252: 6246: 6231: 6217: 6202: 6196: 6181: 6175: 6162: 6154: 6152: 6142: 6117: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6080: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6043: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6006: 5992: 5978:Warburg, Margit 5976: 5967: 5965: 5925:(August 2010). 5921: 5907: 5873: 5867: 5844: 5828: 5816: 5801: 5777: 5754: 5746: 5730: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5699: 5690: 5688: 5675: 5666: 5664: 5656: 5647: 5645: 5636: 5627: 5625: 5612: 5606: 5586: 5577: 5575: 5559: 5553: 5531: 5515: 5509: 5494: 5488: 5465: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5433: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5389: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5361: 5355: 5342: 5333: 5331: 5313: 5304: 5302: 5293: 5287: 5271: 5265: 5247: 5238: 5236: 5233:Chicago Tribune 5226: 5210: 5198: 5183: 5177: 5157: 5151: 5136: 5130: 5114: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5079: 5065: 5050: 5041: 5039: 5025: 5016: 5014: 5000: 4991: 4989: 4975: 4966: 4964: 4950: 4941: 4939: 4925: 4916: 4914: 4903: 4894: 4892: 4881: 4872: 4870: 4859: 4850: 4848: 4837: 4828: 4819: 4817: 4806: 4800: 4783: 4774: 4772: 4770:Ocean of Lights 4763: 4754: 4752: 4744: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4715:Nabíl-i-Zarandí 4713: 4704: 4702: 4694: 4661: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4632:Effendi, Shoghi 4630: 4626:. Bahá'í World. 4619: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4602: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4398: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4338: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4162: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4131: 4123: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4048:Britannica 2011 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3974: 3970: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3946: 3940:Taherzadeh 2000 3938: 3934: 3926: 3917: 3909: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3873: 3865: 3854: 3846: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3786: 3778: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3651: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3603: 3596: 3588: 3581: 3573: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3527: 3519: 3512: 3504: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3469: 3461: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3393:Manuchehri 2000 3391: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3282: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3188: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3158: 3154:, pp. 206. 3150: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3102: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2949: 2941: 2928: 2920: 2909: 2901: 2882: 2874: 2859: 2851: 2836: 2828: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2756: 2748: 2741: 2733: 2726: 2718: 2707: 2703:, pp. 2–3. 2699: 2695: 2687: 2680: 2672: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2630: 2617: 2613: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2556: 2543: 2539: 2530: 2526: 2496: 2492: 2484: 2480: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2435: 2407: 2362: 2335: 2309: 2300:Kitáb-i-Fihrist 2265: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2219:Qayyúmu'l-Asmáʼ 2213: 2187: 2151: 2068: 2039: 1994:Baháʼí calendar 1990: 1984: 1925: 1919: 1878: 1872: 1852: 1846: 1763: 1757: 1688: 1660: 1639:William Cormick 1624:Shaykh al-Islām 1601: 1599:Trial in Tabríz 1521:Sharif of Mecca 1501: 1491:, and the four 1446: 1438:Baháʼí Holy Day 1434:Qayyúmu'l-Asmáʼ 1432:, known as the 1407: 1395: 1374: 1319: 1307: 1240: 1235: 1031: 1017: 1013: 998: 953: 952: 913: 905: 904: 853: 845: 844: 798: 790: 789: 765: 757: 756: 727: 719: 718: 681: 673: 672: 628: 620: 619: 600: 599:Central figures 563: 313: 310: 289: 282: 281: 264: 230: 215: 202: 183:Khadíjih-Sultán 159: 157: 153: 150: 145: 142: 140: 138: 137: 118: 112: 108: 99: 93: 92:20 October 1819 87: 85: 84: 83: 68: 49: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7209: 7207: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7156:Bahá'í martyrs 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7123: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7065: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7013: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6953:Shoghi Effendi 6949: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6922:Baháʼí history 6918: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6865: 6858: 6851: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6792: 6790: 6782: 6781: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6682: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6634: 6628: 6627: 6619: 6604: 6595: 6588: 6587:External links 6585: 6584: 6583: 6563: 6550: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6488: 6468: 6433: 6400: 6359: 6345: 6330: 6324: 6311: 6305: 6290: 6276: 6261: 6250: 6244: 6229: 6215: 6200: 6194: 6179: 6173: 6160: 6140: 6115: 6103: 6078: 6066: 6041: 6029: 6013:Fighting Words 6004: 5990: 5974: 5941:(1): 124–127. 5919: 5905: 5871: 5865: 5842: 5814: 5799: 5775: 5744: 5728: 5715: 5703:, ed. (1987). 5697: 5673: 5654: 5634: 5610: 5604: 5588:MacEoin, Denis 5584: 5561:MacEoin, Denis 5557: 5551: 5533:MacEoin, Denis 5529: 5513: 5507: 5492: 5486: 5463: 5450: 5431: 5410: 5387: 5374: 5359: 5353: 5340: 5311: 5291: 5285: 5269: 5263: 5245: 5224: 5196: 5181: 5175: 5155: 5149: 5134: 5128: 5112: 5100:978-1780744803 5099: 5077: 5063: 5048: 5023: 5002:MacEoin, Denis 4998: 4977:MacEoin, Denis 4973: 4952:MacEoin, Denis 4948: 4931:"Azali Babism" 4927:MacEoin, Denis 4923: 4901: 4879: 4857: 4835: 4826: 4804: 4798: 4781: 4761: 4742: 4729: 4711: 4692: 4674:(2): 301–304. 4659: 4646: 4628: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4560: 4548: 4536: 4524: 4512: 4500: 4488: 4476: 4464: 4452: 4440: 4428: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4354:, p. 241. 4344: 4332: 4320: 4318:, pp. 30. 4308: 4291: 4289:, p. 205. 4279: 4264: 4252: 4240: 4228: 4216: 4204: 4192: 4190:, p. 303. 4180: 4178:, p. 246. 4168: 4156: 4144: 4129: 4112: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4064: 4062:, p. 177. 4052: 4040: 4028: 4016: 4014:, p. 233. 4004: 4002:, p. 246. 3992: 3980: 3968: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3930:, p. 349. 3915: 3898: 3886: 3884:, p. 705. 3871: 3852: 3850:, p. 180. 3837: 3825: 3813: 3811:, p. 245. 3801: 3784: 3782:, p. 239. 3765: 3753: 3741: 3739:, p. 322. 3729: 3727:, p. 314. 3717: 3705: 3693: 3681: 3669: 3657: 3645: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3594: 3579: 3577:, p. 144. 3564: 3552: 3540: 3525: 3523:, p. 392. 3510: 3508:, p. 256. 3498: 3486: 3467: 3448: 3436: 3434:, p. 258. 3424: 3422:, p. 257. 3409: 3407:, p. 255. 3397: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3352:, p. 191. 3339: 3327: 3312: 3300: 3298:, p. xiv. 3288: 3286:, p. 146. 3276: 3264: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3223:, p. 312. 3213: 3211:, p. 436. 3201: 3186: 3171: 3169:, p. 141. 3156: 3144: 3142:, p. 305. 3132: 3130:, p. 114. 3120: 3108: 3085: 3073: 3061: 3059:, p. 140. 3046: 3044:, p. 509. 3034: 3017: 3005: 3001:Walbridge 2022 2993: 2978: 2966: 2947: 2926: 2907: 2880: 2857: 2834: 2817: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2754: 2739: 2724: 2705: 2693: 2678: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2611: 2599:Queen Victoria 2590: 2580: 2567: 2554: 2537: 2524: 2478: 2469:Qayyūm al-asmā 2459: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2423: 2419:Kitabu'l-Asmáʼ 2406: 2403: 2402: 2401: 2393: 2385: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2356: 2346: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2319: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2241: 2212: 2209: 2186: 2183: 2150: 2147: 2142:Arabic grammar 2067: 2064: 2038: 2035: 2009:, and others. 1983: 1980: 1921:Main article: 1918: 1915: 1874:Main article: 1871: 1870:Key Principles 1868: 1848:Main article: 1845: 1842: 1759:Main article: 1756: 1753: 1744:Qayyūm al-asmā 1687: 1684: 1600: 1597: 1581:, Iran in the 1500: 1497: 1467:abjad numerals 1445: 1442: 1406: 1403: 1394: 1391: 1386:Shoghi Effendi 1373: 1370: 1318: 1315: 1306: 1303: 1276:Husayn ibn Ali 1254:/27 Mehr 1198 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1184:in Judaism or 1000: 999: 997: 996: 989: 982: 974: 971: 970: 969: 968: 955: 954: 951: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 914: 911: 910: 907: 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208:Known for 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 191: 187: 186: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 135: 131: 130: 124: 123:Cause of death 120: 119: 113: 111:(aged 30) 105: 101: 100: 94: 81: 79: 75: 74: 70: 69: 59: 51: 50: 47: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7208: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7113: 7112: 7106: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6968:Other Baháʼís 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6857: 6856: 6852: 6850: 6849: 6848:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840:Key scripture 6838: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6737: 6732: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6655: 6650: 6648: 6643: 6641: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6553: 6551:0-85398-247-3 6547: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6489: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6346:0-231-11080-4 6342: 6338: 6337: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6317: 6312: 6308: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6262: 6258: 6257: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6216:0-300-02606-4 6212: 6208: 6207: 6201: 6197: 6195:0-87743-264-3 6191: 6187: 6186: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6166: 6161: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6120:"Bahá'u'lláh" 6116: 6106: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6079: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6042: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5930: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5839: 5833: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5779:Momen, Moojan 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5749: 5748:Momen, Moojan 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5732:Momen, Moojan 5729: 5718: 5716:0-85398-247-3 5712: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5701:Momen, Moojan 5698: 5687: 5683: 5681: 5674: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5552:90-04-09462-8 5548: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5493: 5489: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5453: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5417: 5413: 5411:90-04-13904-4 5407: 5403: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5388: 5377: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5286:0-85398-100-0 5282: 5278: 5274: 5273:Balyuzi, H.M. 5270: 5266: 5264:0-85398-048-9 5260: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5249:Balyuzi, H.M. 5246: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5160: 5159:Amanat, Abbas 5156: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5135: 5131: 5129:0-85398-439-5 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5102: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5055: 5049: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5027:Momen, Moojan 5024: 5013: 5012: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4883:"Bahāʾ Allāh" 4880: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4858: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4790: 4789: 4782: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4732: 4730:0-900125-22-5 4726: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4700: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4649: 4647:0-87743-020-9 4643: 4639: 4638: 4637:God Passes By 4633: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4605: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4558:, p. 85. 4557: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4537: 4534:, p. 76. 4533: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4489: 4486:, p. 71. 4485: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4465: 4462:, p. 65. 4461: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4441: 4438:, p. 61. 4437: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4340:Stockman 2010 4336: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4229: 4226:, p. 88. 4225: 4220: 4217: 4214:, p. 15. 4213: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4153: 4152:MacEoin 2011b 4148: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4036:MacEoin 2012a 4032: 4029: 4026:, p. 99. 4025: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3969: 3966:, p. 15. 3965: 3960: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3913:, p. 42. 3912: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3896:, p. 46. 3895: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3835:, p. 256 3834: 3829: 3826: 3823:, p. 254 3822: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3766: 3763:, p. 28. 3762: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3706: 3703:, p. 37. 3702: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3682: 3679:, p. 35. 3678: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3646: 3643:, p. 52. 3642: 3637: 3634: 3631:, p. 14. 3630: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3610: 3607:, p. 58. 3606: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3592:, p. 31. 3591: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3562:, p. 74. 3561: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3446:, p. 24. 3445: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3277: 3274:, p. 13. 3273: 3268: 3265: 3262:, p. 41. 3261: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3184:, p. 18. 3183: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3083:, p. 32. 3082: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3035: 3032:, p. 17. 3031: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3015:, p. 35. 3014: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2989:Stockman 2020 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2974:Stockman 2020 2970: 2967: 2964:, p. 344 2963: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2945:, p. 36. 2944: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2922:Stockman 2020 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2905:, p. 34. 2904: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2832:, p. 29. 2831: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2813:Stockman 2020 2809: 2806: 2803:, p. 24. 2802: 2797: 2794: 2791:, p. 25. 2790: 2785: 2782: 2779:, p. 19. 2778: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2722:, p. 28. 2721: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2701:Stockman 2020 2697: 2694: 2691:, p. 15. 2690: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2674:MacEoin 2012b 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2514: 2508: 2490: 2489: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2372: 2371:Persian Bayán 2368: 2367: 2366: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2191: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2065: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2054:Enlightenment 2050: 2048: 2047:Martin Luther 2043: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2007:Horace Holley 2004: 2000: 1995: 1989: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1944:Mohammad Shah 1941: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1908: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1704:Four Deputies 1701: 1692: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1644: 1643:foot whipping 1640: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1588:Persian Bayán 1584: 1580: 1573:, Iran (2008) 1572: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1472:Persian Bayán 1468: 1464: 1460: 1459:Spirit of God 1456: 1452: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1411: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1064: 1058: 1011: 1010:ʿAlí Muḥammad 1007: 995: 990: 988: 983: 981: 976: 975: 973: 972: 967: 963: 959: 958: 957: 956: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 915: 909: 908: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 873: 869: 866: 865: 864: 861: 859: 856: 855: 849: 848: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 824: 821: 819: 818:Other Baháʼís 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 800: 794: 793: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 767: 761: 760: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 729: 723: 722: 715: 712: 710: 709: 705: 703: 702: 698: 696: 695: 691: 689: 688: 687:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 684: 683: 680:Key scripture 677: 676: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 630: 624: 623: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 602: 596: 595: 591: 587: 586: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570: 560: 555: 553: 548: 546: 541: 540: 538: 537: 532: 529: 528: 527: 526: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 506: 505: 500: 495: 492: 490: 486: 483: 482: 481: 480: 475: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 445: 444: 439: 434: 431: 429: 428: 424: 422: 421: 420:Persian Bayán 417: 415: 414: 410: 409: 408: 407: 404:Key scripture 402: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 367: 366: 361: 356: 353: 352: 351: 350: 345: 341: 337: 336: 333: 329: 325: 321: 320: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 296: 292: 291: 287: 284: 275: 271: 267: 262: 258: 255: 251: 246: 243: 240: 236: 233: 229: 226: 222: 219: 214: 210: 206: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 136: 134:Resting place 132: 129: 126:Execution by 125: 121: 116: 106: 102: 97: 82:ʿAlí Muḥammad 80: 76: 71: 66: 62: 57: 52: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7109: 7062:Other topics 7038:World Centre 6983:Mullá Husayn 6884:Institutions 6867: 6860: 6855:Kitáb-i-Íqán 6853: 6846: 6801:Unity of God 6767:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 6761: 6743:Baháʼí Faith 6701:Shaykh Ahmad 6679: 6621: 6607:Works by Báb 6598:Works by Báb 6575:. 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