Baltic states - Knowledge (XXG)

2094: 1221:), the pipeline supply of natural gas and tanker supply of oil are unreliable without modernization of energy infrastructure. Secondly, the dependence on single supplier – Russia – is not healthy both for economics and politics. As it was in 2009 during the Russian-Ukrainian gas dispute, when states of Eastern Europe were deprived from access to the natural gas deliveries, the reoccurrence of the situation may again lead to economic, political and social crisis. Therefore, the diversification of suppliers is needed. Finally, the low technological enhancement results in slow adaptation of new technologies, such as construction and use of renewable sources of energy. This also poses a threat to energy security of the Baltic states, because slows down the renewable energy consumption and lead to low rates of energy efficiency. 2032: 1118: 1969: 1532: 920: 689: 1981: 2012: 1935: 2200: 2074: 1128: 595: 63: 1262: 1108: 1919: 1182:

delivery also have been sustained from Soviet times: These are ports in Ventspils, Butinge and Tallinn. Therefore, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania play a significant role not only in consuming, but also in distribution of Russian energy fuels extracting transaction fees. So, the overall EU dependence on the Russia's energy supplies from the one hand and the need of Baltic states to import energy fuels from their closer hydrocarbon-rich neighbor creates a tension that could jeopardize the energy security of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

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languages, so knowledge of some Russian became a practical necessity in daily life in Russian-dominated urban areas. As a result, even to this day most of the three countries' middle age and senior population can understand and speak some Russian, especially people aged over 50 years who went to school during the Soviet rule. The question of assimilation, or integration, of the Russian-speaking immigrants is a major factor in current social and diplomatic affairs.

2207: 1282: 2052: 1616: 1466:) ideology and under tight control of the Communist Party (those of the Baltic nationals who crossed the line were called "bourgeois nationalists" and repressed). This let Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians preserve a high degree of Europe-oriented national identity. In Soviet times this made them appear as the "West" of the Soviet Union in the cultural and political sense, thus as close to emigration a Russian could get without leaving the USSR. 5272: 2241: 1386: 5446: 3075: 2752: 5144: 104: 552: 326: 2223: 2728: 2232: 5118: 78: 2740: 2716: 657:" (1934–1938) in Estonia, respectively. Some emphasise that the events in Lithuania differed from the other two countries, with Smetona having different motivations as well as securing power eight years before any such events in Latvia or Estonia took place. Despite considerable political turmoil in Finland, no such authoritarian figure took power there. It had, however, been embroiled in a 5131: 91: 4037: 5456: 1206:

achieved the best results on carbon intensity of economy but its energy dependence level is still very high. Latvia performed the best according to all indicators. Especially, the high share of renewables were introduced to the energy production of Latvia, that can be explained by the state's geographical location and favorable natural conditions.

1462:) and popular resentment towards the imposed Soviet rule in the three countries, in combination with Soviet cultural policy, which employed superficial multiculturalism (in order for the Soviet Union to appear as a multinational union based on the free will of its peoples) in limits allowed by the communist "internationalist" (but in effect pro- 2692: 4045: 747:. In all three countries simultaneously, rigged elections (in which only pro-Stalinist candidates were allowed to run) were staged in July 1940, the newly assembled "parliaments" in each of the three countries then unanimously applied to join the Soviet Union, and in August 1940 were incorporated into the USSR as the 907:, setting a precedent for the other Soviet republics to secede from the USSR. The Soviet Union recognized the independence of three Baltic states on 6 September 1991. Troops were withdrawn from the region (starting from Lithuania) from August 1993. The last Russian troops were withdrawn from there in August 1994. 1092:

currency and central bank. Generally, they shortly encountered the following problems: high inflation, high unemployment, low economic growth and high government debt. The inflation rate, in the examined area, relatively quickly dropped to below 5% by 2000. Meanwhile, these economies were stabilised, and in 2004

1202:, etc. It was stated that from 2008, Baltic states experiences a positive change in their energy security score. They diversified their oil import suppliers due to shutdown of Druzhba gas pipeline in 2006 and increased the share of renewable sources in total energy production with the help of the EU policies. 1584:

Since the decline of Russian influence and integration into the European Union economy, English has become the most popular second language in the Baltic states. Although Russian is more widely spoken among older people the vast majority of young people are learning English instead with as many as 80

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is related to the uninterruptible supply, sufficient energy storage, advanced technological development of energy sector and environmental regulations. Other studies add other indicators to this list: diversification of energy suppliers, energy import dependence and vulnerability of political system.

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Economically, parallel with political changes and a transition to democracy – as a rule of law states – the nations' previous command economies were transformed via the legislation into market economies, and set up or renewed the major macroeconomic factors: budgetary rules, national audit, national

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as is a distinct case from the other two Baltic countries. Not only was an authoritarian regime set up in 1926, eight years before those of Estonia and Latvia, but it was also formed not to counter a threat from the right, but through a military coup d'etat against a leftist government. (...) The

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began. Although the historical, economic and cultural development of the nations of the Baltic countries were different, the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian nations were formed by the end of the 19th century. The ideas of unity between Latvians and Lithuanians have been spreading since the end of

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Russian was the most commonly studied foreign language at all levels of schooling during the period of Soviet rule in 1944–1991. Despite schooling available and administration conducted in local languages, Russian-speaking settlers were neither encouraged nor motivated to learn the official local

1181:

Even now being a part of the European Union, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are still considered as the most vulnerable EU member states in the energy sphere. Due to their Soviet past, Baltic states have several gas pipelines on their territories coming from Russia. Moreover, several routes of oil

798:

invasion of the region in 1941. Initially, many Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians considered the German army as liberators, while having hoped for the restoration of each of the three countries' independence, but instead the Nazi German invaders established a civil administration, known as the

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back in 1918, something that had not happened in the Baltic states. Some controversy surrounds the Baltic authoritarian régimes – due to the general stability and rapid economic growth of the period (even if brief), some commenters avoid the label "authoritarian"; others, however, condemn such an

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in 2022 and Russia's weaponization of energy supplies, the Baltic states were among the best-equipped countries in Central and Eastern Europe to deal with the energy crisis. This was because ever since the early 1990s, the Baltic states were investing in alternative and non-Russian energy supply

1205:

Estonia usually was the best performing country in terms of energy security, but new assessment shows that even though Estonia has the highest share of renewables in the energy production, its energy economy has been still characterized by high rates of carbon intensity. Lithuania, in contrast,

980:

The same legal interpretation is shared by the United States, the United Kingdom, and most other Western democracies, who held the forcible incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union to be illegal. At least formally, most Western democracies never considered the three

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for millennia, although not always peacefully in ancient times, over which period their populations, Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian, have remained remarkably stable within the approximate territorial boundaries of the current Baltic states. While separate peoples with their own customs and

507:

Estonians and Latvians, ruled by the German orders, Poland–Lithuania, Sweden, and Russia for numerous centuries, managed to preserve their language and culture. The formation of the Lithuanian nation was made difficult due to repression of the Russian imperial authorities after the suppressed

860:, waged unsuccessful guerrilla warfare against the Soviet occupation for the next eight years in a bid to regain their nations' independence. The armed resistance of the anti-Soviet partisans lasted up to 1953. Although the armed resistance was defeated, the population remained anti-Soviet. 3033: 871:, and many other countries and international organizations. During the Cold War, Lithuania and Latvia maintained legations in Washington DC, while Estonia had a mission in New York City. Each was staffed initially by diplomats from the last governments before USSR occupation. 1035:

free trade agreement was established to help prepare the countries for their accession to the EU, rather than out of the Baltic states' desire to trade among themselves. The Baltic countries were more interested in gaining access to the rest of the European market.

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During the Baltic struggle for independence 1989–1992, a personal friendship developed between the (at that time unrecognized) Baltic ministers of foreign affairs and the Nordic ministers of foreign affairs. This friendship led to the creation of the

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As a part of the EU from 2004, Baltic states must comply with the EU's regulations in energy, environmental and security spheres. One of the most important documents that the EU applied to improve the energy security stance of the Baltic states are

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its occupied territories, by means such as deportations and instituting the Russian language as the only working language. Between 1940 and 1953, the Soviet government deported more than 200,000 people from the Baltics to remote locations in the

1365:

The populations of each Baltic country belong to several Christian denominations, a reflection of historical circumstances. Both Western and Eastern Christianity had been introduced by the end of the first millennium. The current divide between

1450:

from the former Soviet Union and their descendants make up a sizable group particularly in Latvia (about one-quarter of the total population and close to one-half in the capital Riga) and Estonia (nearly one-quarter of the total population).

996:, integration with Western Europe became a major strategic goal. In 2002, the Baltic governments applied to join the European Union and become members of NATO. All three became NATO members on 29 March 2004, and joined the EU on 1 May 2004. 1197:

The calculations take into account not only economic, but also technological and energy-related factors: Energy and carbon intensity of transport and households, trade balance of total energy, energy import dependency, diversification of

2093: 3423: 1980: 1555:

loanwords have made it into the Estonian language; it was under the Swedish rule that schools were established and education propagated in the 17th century. Swedish remains spoken in Estonia, particularly the

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Soon Gripenberg called in again, asking why the British had brought in the Baltic States (meaning here, Finland, too) when the simple option of a tripartite agreement between the three Powers would have been

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Currently, the governments of the Baltic states cooperate in multiple ways, including cooperation among presidents, parliament speakers, heads of government, and foreign ministers. On 8 November 1991, the

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Estonia in 1944). There is also significant proficiency in Finnish in Estonia owing to its linguistic relationship with Estonian and also widespread exposure to Finnish broadcasts during the Soviet era.

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Possible threats to energy security include, firstly, a major risk of energy supply disruption. Even if there are several electricity interconnectors that connect the area with electricity-rich states (

1968: 989:. Other exceptions included Sweden, which was the first Western country, and one of the very few to ever do so, to recognize the incorporation of the Baltic states into the Soviet Union as lawful. 4244: 5647: 5492: 1918: 739:

Soviet government coerced Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into "mutual assistance treaties" which granted USSR the right to establish military bases in these countries. In June 1940, the Red Army

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in Lithuania. In Latvia and Estonia, the president is elected by parliament, while Lithuania has a semi-presidential system whereby the president is elected by popular vote. All are part of the

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Apart from the indigenous languages, Low Saxon was the dominant language in Estonia and Latvia in academics, professional life, and upper society from the 13th century until World War I.

214:. The three governments engage in intergovernmental and parliamentary cooperation. There is also frequent cooperation in foreign and security policy, defence, energy, and transportation. 3415: 4001: 1158: 1677:

in Latvian mean 'white'. However, the modern names of the region and the sea that originate from this root, were not used in either of the two languages prior to the 19th century.

4661:

Travel to the Baltic Hansa – The European Union and its enlargement to the East (Book in Italian: Viaggio nell'Hansa baltica – L'Unione europea e l'allargamento ad Est)

1446:

The Soviet Union conducted a policy of Russification by encouraging Russians and other Russian-speaking ethnic groups of the Soviet Union to settle in the Baltics. Today, ethnic

501: 1934: 2911: 675: 4956: 5365: 5286: 5190: 2810: 5485: 5205: 3658: 2901: 683: 5239: 1104:

set stricter rules through national legislation by implementing the regulations and directives of the Sixpack, because the financial crisis was a shocking milestone.

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Each of the three countries has declared itself to be the restoration of the sovereign nation that had existed from 1918 to 1940, emphasizing their contention that

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are sometimes referred to as the "Baltic nations", less often and in historical circumstances also as the "Baltic republics", the "Baltic lands", or simply the

630:, the entire territory from Finland in the north to Romania in the south, between Western and Central Europe and potential Bolshevik territorial ambitions. 5478: 4138: 1949: 4252: 626: 1117: 4528: 1187: 1005: 313:

until 1991: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. At the same time Finland, instead, has been referred to as a member of another geopolitical grouping: the

3936:"The Baltic states should adopt the self-defence pinpricks doctrine: the "accumulation of events" threshold as a deterrent to Russian hybrid warfare" 3747:

Zeng, Shouzhen; Streimikiene, Dalia; Baležentis, Tomas (September 2017). "Review of and comparative assessment of energy security in Baltic States".

2073: 1250: 5165: 4417:"Population by gender in regions, cities, counties and parishes at the beginning of the year - Gender, Territorial unit, Indicators and Time period" 2113: 2011: 1174: 620:(from French language), as they together formed a "rim" along the western border of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. They were also part of what 4955:

Vilkauskaite, Dovile O. "From Empire to Independence: The Curious Case of the Baltic States 1917-1922." (thesis, University of Connecticut, 2013).

3490: 5095: 1078: 430: 1906: 1531: 981:

Baltic states to be constituent parts of the Soviet Union. Australia was a brief exception to this support of Baltic independence: in 1974, the

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was established on 13 June 1994 to facilitate intergovernmental cooperation. Since 2003, there is coordination between the two organizations.

919: 821:, until early 1945), when the countries were reoccupied by the Red Army and Soviet rule was re-established, with the passive agreement of the 5298: 5227: 4972: 4946: 4916: 4893: 4874: 4855: 4815: 4793: 4764: 4745: 4726: 4707: 4688: 4669: 4645: 4627: 4608: 4563: 4283: 4012: 3634: 3510: 3277: 3109: 3069: 3059: 240: 5037:, an independent weekly newspaper that covers the latest political, economic, business, and cultural events in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 2305: 2288: 5411: 2280: 1885: 756: 4479: 4384: 5424: 3217: 1459: 3672: 3395: 1401: 1375: 903:

government had privately concluded that the departure of the Baltic republics had become "inevitable". This process contributed to the

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All three Baltic countries experienced a period of authoritarian rule by a head of state who had come to power after a bloodless coup:

5429: 5249: 5244: 4836: 2891: 1893: 788: 748: 4121: 3353: 3227: 3163: 1889: 752: 568: 5582: 5232: 2051: 638: 290:(1914–1918) the term "Baltic states" came to refer to the countries by the Baltic Sea that had gained independence from the former 4497: 4162: 2881: 2323: 1021: 784: 560: 5332: 5180: 3824:

Molis, Arūnas (September 2011). "Building methodology, assessing the risks: the case of energy security in the Baltic States".

3534: 2886: 2830: 1455: 1253:. All of these and other infrastructure projects allowed the Baltic States to quickly shift away from Russian energy supplies. 1012: 993: 904: 864: 740: 588: 546: 3320: 564: 488:. In the middle of 17th century, Sweden conquered and founded the governorates of Estonia and Livonia (with the exception of 465: 370: 203: 4773:

Malowist, M. “The Economic and Social Development of the Baltic Countries from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries.”

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people. In Latvia exists a small community of Finnic people related to the Estonians, composed of only 250 people, known as

646: 3782:

Kisel, Einari; Hamburg, Arvi; Härm, Mihkel; Leppiman, Ando; Ots, Märt (August 2016). "Concept for Energy Security Matrix".

3556: 3244:"Why did Finland remain a democracy between the two World Wars, whereas the Baltic States developed authoritarian regimes?" 2650: 2625: 1265: 840:

The forced collectivisation of agriculture began in 1947, and was completed after the mass deportation in March 1949 (see

4659: 4550: 2682: 5637: 5370: 3369: 3295:"The Annexation of the Baltic States and Its Effect on the Development of Law Prohibiting Forcible Seizure of Territory" 2153: 1654: 1536: 576: 538: 136: 1623:

was a mass anti-Soviet demonstration in 1989 where ca 25% of the total population of the Baltic countries participated.

1194:

to 20%, increase the energy production from renewables for 20% in overall share and 20% energy efficiency development.

1044:, which includes 15 to 20 MPs from each parliament, was established to facilitate inter-parliamentary cooperation. The 721: 599: 5572: 5319: 5088: 2297: 2120: 1225: 1045: 844:). Private farms were confiscated, and farmers were made to join the collective farms. In all three countries, Baltic 584: 542: 525: 517: 1653:

text) and possibly earlier. There are several theories about its origin, most of which trace it to the reconstructed

1389: 3001: 5642: 2825: 2775: 1956: 1458:

by the Soviet Union, there was a strong feeling of national identity (often labeled "bourgeois nationalism" by the

1230: 1032: 853: 801: 594: 521: 62: 1107: 4996: 2318: 2080: 1101: 732: 357:" until the 13th century. Kievan Rus sought to conquer them, and in the 11th century took control of some lands; 4638:

Histories of Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding in the Nordic and Baltic Countries: Representing the Periphery

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Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World

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The Baltic states have historically been in many different spheres of influence, from Danish over Swedish and

1246: 1127: 5006:, a journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic art, history, language, literature and related cultural topics 2592: 1585:

percent of young Lithuanians professing English proficiency, and similar trends in the other Baltic states.

1483: 1379: 1261: 1154: 986: 358: 211: 38: 3976: 5632: 5627: 5577: 5550: 5449: 5337: 5081: 3599: 3494: 2349: 2344: 2058: 1871: 1121: 1008: 982: 4416: 2423: 2395: 2125: 2043: 5401: 5342: 3872:

Mauring, Liina (2006). "The Effects of the Russian Energy Sector on the Security of the Baltic States".

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was created. In its northern part – in the lands of the Lithuanians – the Lithuanian historical area of

126: 5040: 5018: 4038:"POPULATION BY SEX, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 1 JANUARY. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AS AT 01.01.2018" 3471: 4402: 4200: 3908: 3791: 3342:

Kangilaski, Jaak; Salo, Vello; Komisjon, Okupatsioonide Repressiivpoliitika Uurimise Riiklik (2005).

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traditions, historical factors have introduced cultural similarities in and differences within them.

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Civil resistance and power politics: the experience of non-violent action from Gandhi to the present

1083: 333:

in 1200s under which many Balts and Baltic Finns became the victims of German and Danish expansion.

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hostility between socialists and non-socialists in Finland had been amplified by a bloody civil war

2978: 2932: 2835: 2815: 2785: 2038: 1995: 1925: 1875: 1749: 1737: 1479: 1432: 1146: 1097: 845: 257:) was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the Baltic Sea: 985:

government of Australia did recognize Soviet dominion, but this decision was reversed by the next

911:, the last Russian military radar in the Baltics, officially suspended operations in August 1998. 5594: 5545: 5254: 4218: 3849: 3722: 3652: 3498: 2850: 2840: 2285: 1689: 1498: 1494: 1436: 1416: 884: 621: 497: 382: 228: 2400: 2063: 1415:

The Baltic states are inhabited by several ethnic minorities: in Latvia: 33.0% (including 25.4%

1111: 1004: 688: 650: 1281: 5533: 5416: 4968: 4942: 4912: 4889: 4870: 4851: 4832: 4811: 4789: 4760: 4741: 4722: 4703: 4684: 4665: 4641: 4623: 4604: 4559: 4309: 4279: 4226: 4117: 4111: 3957: 3881: 3841: 3764: 3640: 3630: 3607: 3568: 3506: 3475: 3349: 3273: 3223: 3200: 3159: 3105: 3065: 2948: 2855: 2613: 2606: 2599: 2302: 1831: 1615: 1525: 1505: 1501:

are considered either separate languages or dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian, respectively.

1409: 1131: 1056: 939: 900: 834: 744: 663: 658: 642: 616: 509: 489: 457: 346: 330: 275: 232: 180: 3027: 614:

the three countries as well as Finland and Poland sometimes were collectively referred to as

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the advance of the orders to the east. During the secularization of the Teutonic Order, the

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began to spread. In the 13th century the military orders of monks based in the lands of the

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in 1918–1920. Latvia and Lithuania followed a similar process, until the completion of the

5314: 5022: 2552: 1991: 1697: 1561: 1548: 1517: 1486: 1447: 1428: 1286: 1041: 923: 849: 810: 634: 611: 571:

in 1917, and declared independence in February 1918, but was subsequently occupied by the

461: 438: 309:(1939–1945) the term has been used to group the three countries that were occupied by the 188: 2418: 2105: 1940: 5012:, International Internet Magazine. Analysis and background information on Baltic markets 4204: 3912: 3795: 3600:"Swedish political attitudes towards Baltic independence in the short twentieth century" 3345:

The white book: losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes, 1940–1991

1830:: Sweden and Denmark, sometimes also Germany and the Russian Empire. With the advent of 1474:

The languages of the three Baltic peoples belong to two distinct language families. The

5271: 5170: 4503: 3312: 2780: 2770: 2732: 2145: 2085: 1826:) was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the 1773:

appear in ancient texts, but had fallen into disuse until reappearing as the adjective

1753: 1705: 1371: 1354: 1138: 1063:, an informal group of northern EU states formed to advocate a common fiscal position. 1052: 959: 826: 715: Neutral countries with military bases established by Soviet Union in October 1939 654: 477: 473: 426: 378: 374: 291: 270: 172: 4990:

On the Boundary of Two Worlds: Identity, Freedom, and Moral Imagination in the Baltics

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The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in the Twentieth Century

3491:"The intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States" 1385: 1087:

Baltic regions by GDP per capita. 2022 data for Lithuania and Estonia, 2020 for Latvia

779:. About 10% of the adult Baltic population were deported or sent to labor camps. (See 5621: 5470: 4803: 4188: 3853: 3726: 3445: 2790: 2744: 2708: 2138: 1987: 1834:(the Nordic Associations), the term was no longer used for Sweden and Denmark. After 1802: 1650: 1592: 1588: 1463: 1162: 927: 822: 767: 580: 572: 485: 366: 266: 31: 4907:

The Baltic States: The National Self-determination of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

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the term has been used to group the three countries Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

1357:. The peoples in the Baltic states have together inhabited the eastern coast of the 1059:, Baltic cooperation is rather limited. All three countries are also members of the 5360: 4358: 3837: 2805: 2795: 1859: 1640: 1513: 1327: 1072: 814: 806: 795: 772: 551: 481: 342: 325: 310: 306: 1779:

in German, from which it was adopted in other languages. During the 19th century,

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and mass killings of the Jewish populations in Lithuania and Latvia. Over 190,000

4905: 4213: 3920: 3343: 3202:

Civil war in Siberia: the anti-Bolshevik government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918–1920

3153: 1165:

currency in January 2011, Latvia in January 2014, and Lithuania in January 2015.

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conquered most of the territory of modern-day Baltic countries and prevented the

17: 3899:

da Graça Carvalho, Maria (April 2012). "EU energy and climate change strategy".

3803: 3179: 2413: 1835: 1681: 1420: 1382:

remaining the dominant religion among Russian and other East Slavic minorities.

1367: 1339: 1214: 1025: 453: 452:; Estonians and most Latvians in the 16th century converted from Catholicism to 445: 418: 414: 334: 287: 30:

This article is about the geopolitical grouping. For the geographic region, see

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The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Path to Independence

3760: 5502: 5259: 3400: 3261: 2800: 2390: 2023: 1838:, the new sovereign states that emerged on the east coast of the Baltic Sea – 1827: 1685: 1632: 1620: 1424: 1358: 1199: 1150: 943: 888: 421:

living farthest from the centers of German colonization succeeded in creating

402: 398: 350: 207: 192: 132: 122: 4230: 4222: 3961: 3885: 3845: 3768: 3718: 3673:"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia: Co-operation among the Baltic States" 3644: 3627:

Born into a Dream : Eurofaculty and the Council of the Baltic Sea States

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the European Union. New macroeconomic requirements have arisen for them; the

468:. From 16th to 18th centuries the united Polish–Lithuanian state fought with 5562: 5149: 4558:. United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 272–276. 4313: 2367: 2240: 2206: 2178: 1847: 1350: 1323: 947: 908: 736: 410: 406: 390: 386: 362: 164: 109: 3952: 3935: 3219:

Dictionnaire Manuel de Diplomatie et de Droit International Public et Privé

606:" were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (German copy). 1190:, including the Climate and Energy Strategy 2020, that aims to reduce the 5528: 5025:, English-language daily news website that covers all three Baltic states 5000:, journal of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS) 2141: 1636: 1565: 1335: 1218: 1142: 974: 818: 729: 394: 354: 176: 4278:(in Latvian). Translated from Italian by Dace Meiere. Riga: Jānis Roze. 4085: 1454:

Because the three countries had been independent nations prior to their

5540: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5123: 4778: 3313:"These Names Accuse—Nominal List of Latvians Deported to Soviet Russia" 2265: 2255: 2222: 2192: 2168: 1851: 1839: 1725: 1721: 1540: 1331: 1269: 1238: 1210: 931: 896: 892: 493: 469: 295: 262: 156: 83: 45: 4786:

Post-Cold War Identity Politics – Northern and Baltic Experiences

4719:

The European Union and the Baltic States: Changing forms of governance

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serves as a centre of strategic and operational research and provides

5606: 5589: 5567: 5557: 5136: 2765: 2377: 2372: 2231: 2199: 2173: 1960: 1843: 1733: 1729: 1610: 1242: 1234: 955: 951: 258: 160: 96: 4929:(New York: Overlook Press, 2006; published in London with the title 3505:. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 231–246. 3420:

Foreign & Commonwealth Office – Government of the United Kingdom

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to intermediate- and senior-level officers and government officials.

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Annexed Baltic States : Envoys Hold On to Lonely U.S. Postings

2665: 2660: 2655: 891:, a two-million-strong human chain, stretched for 600 km from 4601:

Forward to the Past – A Cultural History of the Baltic People

4163:"Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania" 1661:

meaning 'white, fair'. This meaning is retained in the two modern

1614: 1530: 1384: 1343: 1280: 1260: 1126: 1116: 1106: 1082: 1003: 918: 776: 766:

followed after that in the Baltics. The Soviet Union attempted to

687: 593: 500:, both governorates became part of the Russian Empire, during the 324: 5068: 813:, nearly 95% of Lithuania's pre-war Jewish community, and 66,000 794:

The Soviet occupation of the Baltic countries was interrupted by

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Lane, Thomas; Artis Pabriks; Aldis Purs; David J. Smith (2013).

2260: 2157: 1393: 963: 868: 817:

were murdered. The German occupation lasted until late 1944 (in

460:, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland formed the 184: 168: 5474: 5077: 4828:

The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front

1789:

as the name for the region. Officially, its Russian equivalent

1412:), and before independence in the Russian sphere of influence. 741:

occupied all of the territory of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

504:, Russia also annexed Courland, Latgale, and all of Lithuania. 341:

In ninth and 10th centuries after the formation of neighboring

5034: 2640: 2635: 2630: 1051:

Compared with other regional groupings in Europe, such as the

4359:"Nida and The Curonian Spit, The Insider's Guide to Visiting" 4067: 3155:

Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People

1528:

spoken as a second language by a few dozen people in Latvia.

4931:

Northern shores: a history of the Baltic Sea and its peoples

3370:"Communism and Crimes against Humanity in the Baltic states" 1370:

to the north and Catholicism to the south is the remnant of

5063: 5003: 3446:"U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship" 3127: 3125: 1493:(or more specifically, Eastern Baltic subgroup of Baltic). 1489:

and are the only extant (widely recognized) members of the

1342:, linguistically and culturally related to each other, are 294:. The term included Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, as well as 4448:"Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table" 4308:(in Latvian). Vol. I. Rīga: Avots. pp. 103–104. 1801:) was first used in 1859. This change was a result of the 1435:

and 10.2% others) and in Lithuania: 12.2% (including 5.6%

863:

Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were considered to be under

3707:

Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review

1720:, etc. Indeed, the Baltic Sea lies mostly to the east of 1157:. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are also members of the 946:

parliaments elected by popular vote for four-year terms:

805:. During the occupation the Nazi authorities carried out 692:

Geopolitical status in Northern Europe in November 1939.

5058: 353:

the lands of the present-day Baltic countries remained "

4963:

Williams, Nicola; Debra Herrmann; Cathryn Kemp (2003).

4113:

Russian Foreign Policy: Interests, Vectors, and Sectors

1994:, which are the highest drifting sand dunes in Europe ( 604:

the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

4927:

The Baltic: A new history of the region and its people

977:

period had been an illegal occupation and annexation.

4002:"Pilsonības un migrācijas lietu pārvalde – Kļūda 404" 2680: 1764: 337:

were the only Baltic people who remained independent.

3135:, p. 8, 154. Springer, 2023. ISBN 978-3-031-39496-6. 5648:

Bottom-up regional groups within the European Union

5394: 5353: 5307: 5279: 5158: 3604:

Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal

724:of 1939 that divided Europe into German and Soviet 116: 69: 55: 4904: 4888:. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. 4636:Clerc, Louis; Glover, Nikolas; Jordan, Paul, eds. 3977:"The Baltics — a Ship to Weather the Energy Storm" 3700:"Macroeconomic Legal Trends in the EU11 Countries" 3205:. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 305. 3133:Post-Communist Transformations in Baltic Countries 2912:German occupation of Lithuania during World War II 1736:. The term was also used historically to refer to 867:by the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, 676:German occupation of Lithuania during World War II 2811:List of cities in the Baltic states by population 1551:served a similar function in Lithuania. Numerous 575:until November 1918. Estonia fought a successful 4757:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 4698:Hiden, John; Vahur Made; David J. Smith (2008). 3095: 3093: 2973: 2971: 2902:German occupation of Estonia during World War II 1912:Forests cover over half the landmass of Estonia. 1666: 720:In accordance with a secret protocol within the 684:German occupation of Estonia during World War II 502:partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 4603:. Budapest: Central European University Press. 4442: 4440: 2907:German occupation of Latvia during World War II 1639:dating back to at least 3rd century B.C. (when 680:German occupation of Latvia during World War II 516:. In the 19th century the national movement of 4939:Russia's European Agenda and the Baltic States 4110:Nikolas K. Gvosdev; Christopher Marsh (2013). 3416:"Country Profiles: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania" 3272:] (in Finnish). Karttakeskus. p. 10. 1229:routes. These included the development of the 37:"Baltics" redirects here. For other uses, see 5486: 5089: 4187:Lukoševičius, Viktoras; Duksa, Tomas (2012). 3629:. Berlin: BWV Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. 1974:View from the Bilioniai forthill in Lithuania 1796: 1790: 1672: 1524:. It is also related to the now near-extinct 1137:All three countries are member states of the 425:. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania concluded the 202:All three Baltic countries are classified as 8: 5031:, the independent newspaper from the Baltics 4480:"Latvian defense spending hits 2.25% of GDP" 3657:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3053: 3051: 3021: 3019: 1943:is the highest natural waterfall in Estonia. 1806: 1784: 1774: 775:. In addition, at least 75,000 were sent to 4784:Lehti, Marko; David J. Smith, eds. (2003). 4299: 4297: 4295: 4068:"Home – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas" 2877:Soviet deportation from the Baltics in 1949 2872:Soviet deportation from the Baltics in 1941 1928:, Latvia's largest and oldest national park 1644: 533:Interwar period and independence, 1918–1940 283:was no longer used for Sweden and Denmark. 5493: 5479: 5471: 5096: 5082: 5074: 4788:. London/Portland: Frank Cass Publishers. 3479:, 31 October 1988. Retrieved 11 July 2016. 3222:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 246. 52: 4525:"GINI index (World Bank estimate) | Data" 4212: 3951: 3396:"Murder of the Jews of the Baltic States" 3293:Hough, William J.H. (10 September 2019). 1692:as the equivalent of 'East Sea': German: 1188:European Union climate and energy package 879:In the late 1980s, a massive campaign of 417:from creating their own states. Only the 5053:Official statistics of the Baltic states 4848:Culture and Customs of the Baltic States 3749:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 2162: 1568:(though many fled to Sweden as the USSR 1298:(Faroe Islands, Iceland and Scandinavia) 971:Soviet domination over the Baltic states 709: Soviet Union and annexed countries 670:Soviet and German occupations, 1940–1991 550: 4967:(3rd ed.). London: Lonely Planet. 4700:The Baltic Question during the Cold War 4640:(Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2015). 348 pp. 4245:"Indo-European Etymology: Query result" 4086:"Baltic states – Soviet Republics" 3029:a compendious view of universal history 2967: 2925: 2687: 2069: 2007: 1902: 1079:List of regions of Baltic States by GDP 429:with the Kingdom of Poland in 1385 and 4886:A Concise History of the Baltic States 3650: 2979:"Colombia and Lithuania join the OECD" 1738:Baltic Dominions of the Swedish Empire 1520:, together with neighboring Finland's 1431:), in Estonia: 27.6% (including 22.0% 662:"apologetic" attitude, for example in 565:Latvia formed a provisional government 480:for Estonian and Latvian lands in the 298:(which later became grouped among the 27:Three countries east of the Baltic Sea 4575:from the original on 8 September 2022 3867: 3865: 3863: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3348:. Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers. 3158:. Central European University Press. 3102:Aspects of the Governing of the Finns 569:obtained autonomy from tsarist Russia 241:State continuity of the Baltic states 167:. All three countries are members of 7: 5455: 4810:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 4679:Hiden, John; Patrick Salmon (1991). 3874:Baltic Security & Defence Review 3579:from the original on 19 October 2017 3323:from the original on 8 February 2012 1886:List of protected areas of Lithuania 1251:Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania 1233:, electricity interconnections with 279:(the Nordic Associations), the term 155:is a geopolitical term encompassing 4664:. Milano: Greco&Greco editori. 4462:"Messages of the 2023 state budget" 4189:"Eratosthenes' map of the oecumene" 3981:Center for European Policy Analysis 3934:Nader, Philippe Bou (1 June 2017). 703: Germany and annexed countries 664:later assessments of Kārlis Ulmanis 4403:"Population | Statistikaamet" 2892:Soviet deportations from Lithuania 2144:, which simultaneously joined the 1894:List of protected areas of Estonia 1805:elite adopting terms derived from 964:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 883:against Soviet rule, known as the 789:Sovietization of the Baltic states 25: 4984:International peer-reviewed media 4144:. British Council. Archived from 3675:. 4 December 2008. Archived from 3527:"SKRUNDA SHUTS DOWN. – Jamestown" 3426:from the original on 31 July 2003 1890:List of protected areas of Latvia 1353:, and they live in the so-called 5454: 5445: 5444: 5270: 5142: 5129: 5116: 4911:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 4867:The History of the Baltic States 4648:. for an online book review see 4339:from the original on 22 May 2018 3537:from the original on 28 May 2018 3185:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 3078:from the original on 13 May 2018 3036:from the original on 13 May 2018 2898:Ethnic cleansing in the Baltics 2882:Soviet deportations from Estonia 2750: 2738: 2726: 2714: 2702: 2690: 2535:GDP (nominal) per capita (2023) 2239: 2230: 2221: 2205: 2198: 2191: 2112: 2092: 2072: 2050: 2030: 2010: 1979: 1967: 1948: 1933: 1917: 1905: 1769:). Terms related to modern name 1566:northern Estonia and the islands 1100:became obligatory and later the 1022:Council of the Baltic Sea States 899:. In the wake of this campaign, 887:, began. On 23 August 1989, the 785:Soviet deportations from Estonia 743:, and installed new, pro-Soviet 559:As World War I came to a close, 102: 89: 76: 61: 4199:(2). Taylor & Francis: 84. 3625:N., Kristensen, Gustav (2010). 3372:. 13 April 1999. Archived from 3004:from the original on 6 May 2017 2887:Soviet deportations from Latvia 2831:Occupation of the Baltic states 2479:175,228 km = 67,656 sq mi 1219:Lithuania-Sweden interconnector 1215:Lithuania-Poland interconnector 1013:professional military education 905:dissolution of the Soviet Union 589:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 561:Lithuania declared independence 547:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4965:Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 4869:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 4850:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 4740:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 4738:A History of the Baltic States 4306:Latviešu etimoloģijas vārdnīca 4304:Krauklis, Konstantīns (1992). 4274:Dini, Pierto Umberto (2000) . 3838:10.1080/1406099x.2011.10840501 2476:65,300 km = 25,212 sq mi 2473:64,589 km = 24,938 sq mi 2470:45,339 km = 17,505 sq mi 1211:Estonia-Finland interconnector 466:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 371:Livonian Brothers of the Sword 1: 4777:12#2 1959, pp. 177–189. 3058:Mahan, Alfred Thayer (2006). 2450:Population (2023 12/2024 01) 1924:Devonian sandstone cliffs in 1378:hegemony, respectively, with 5583:Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship 4618:Bousfield, Jonathan (2004). 4527:. World Bank. Archived from 4431:"Main Lithuanian indicators" 4214:10.3846/20296991.2012.695332 3921:10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.012 3489:Beissinger, Mark R. (2009). 3026:l.l.b, charles mayo (1804). 2156:time zone schedules and the 992:After the Baltic states had 848:, known colloquially as the 762:Repressions, executions and 539:Estonian War of Independence 191:on the eastern coast of the 5573:West Pomeranian Voivodeship 5320:Baltic Council of Ministers 5240:Under Soviet rule (1944-91) 4329:"Latvija – jēdziena ģenēze" 3826:Baltic Journal of Economics 3804:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.04.034 3104:. Peter Lang. p. 115. 2998:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2518:GDP (nominal) total (2023) 2121:Prime Minister of Lithuania 1797: 1765: 1631:stems from the name of the 1390:St. Peter's Lutheran Church 1330:, together with the nearby 1226:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1046:Baltic Council of Ministers 1031:Between 1994 and 2004, the 994:restored their independence 875:Restoration of independence 735:in September 1939, and the 585:Latvian War of Independence 543:Latvian War of Independence 345:states of Sweden, Denmark, 5664: 5206:by the Soviet Union (1944) 5196:by the Soviet Union (1940) 4959:; Bibliography pp 70 – 75. 3940:Journal on Baltic Security 3761:10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.037 2355:Semi-presidential republic 1996:UNESCO World Heritage Site 1957:Kauno Marios Regional Park 1883: 1869: 1608: 1076: 1070: 854:Latvian national partisans 802:Reichskommissariat Ostland 673: 536: 226: 43: 36: 29: 5509: 5440: 5268: 5111: 4997:Journal of Baltic Studies 4937:Šleivyte, Janina (2010). 4884:Plakans, Andrejs (2011). 4736:Kasekamp, Andres (2010). 4717:Jacobsson, Bengt (2009). 4116:. CQ Press. p. 217. 2981:. France 24. 30 May 2018. 2081:Prime Minister of Estonia 1791: 1757: 1748:) and, subsequently, the 1508:(including its divergent 1145:. They are classified as 1102:Stability and Growth Pact 401:), Livonians, Prussians, 321:Prior to the 20th century 210:and maintain a very high 60: 5501:Countries bordering the 5407:Baltic Basketball League 5333:Air Surveillance Network 5043:, news about The Baltics 4865:O'Connor, Kevin (2003). 4846:O'Connor, Kevin (2006). 3719:10.53116/pgaflr.2018.1.9 3698:Vértesy, László (2018). 3557:"The Latvians in Sydney" 3450:U.S. Department of State 2315:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 2101:Prime Minister of Latvia 1811:to refer to themselves. 1688:has appeared on maps in 1482:languages belong to the 962:(EU) and members of the 44:Not to be confused with 5384:Human Development Index 5221:Operation Priboi (1949) 5216:June deportation (1941) 4831:. London: I.B. Tauris. 4825:Naylor, Aliide (2020). 4775:Economic History Review 4193:Geodesy and Cartography 4090:Encyclopædia Britannica 3064:. Bexley Publications. 2410:Current Prime Minister 1173:Usually the concept of 1155:Human Development Index 722:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 697: Neutral countries 624:considered a strategic 600:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 456:. Due to the threat of 212:Human Development Index 39:Baltic (disambiguation) 5578:Pomeranian Voivodeship 5551:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 5412:Swimming Championships 5379:Gross regional product 5021:5 October 2011 at the 4903:Smith, Graham (1994). 4599:Bojtár, Endre (1999). 4502:, 2023, archived from 3975:Trakimavicius, Lukas. 3953:10.1515/jobs-2017-0003 3264:; Raunio, Ari (2007). 3216:Calvo, Carlos (2009). 3152:Bojtar, Endre (1999). 3100:Maude, George (2010). 2952: 2944: 2936: 2868:Baltics deportations: 2776:Baltic Free Trade Area 2530:€150.040 billion 2350:Parliamentary republic 2345:Parliamentary republic 2059:President of Lithuania 1955:Gastilionys cliffs in 1872:Geography of Lithuania 1854:– became known as the 1807: 1785: 1775: 1745: 1717: 1709: 1701: 1693: 1673: 1667: 1645: 1624: 1602:Etymology of the word 1544: 1397: 1320: 1273: 1161:. Estonia adopted the 1134: 1124: 1114: 1088: 1016: 1009:Baltic Defence College 935: 733:invaded eastern Poland 717: 607: 598:According to the 1939 567:. Estonia had already 556: 338: 4941:. London: Routledge. 4721:. London: Routledge. 4702:. London: Routledge. 4389:eurostat.ec.europa.eu 3266:Talvisodan taisteluja 2992:Republic of Estonia. 2846:Russians in Lithuania 2148:on 1 May 2004, share 1870:Further information: 1783:started to supersede 1618: 1609:Further information: 1534: 1491:Baltic language group 1388: 1380:Orthodox Christianity 1285:Language branches in 1284: 1264: 1247:Klaipėda LNG terminal 1147:high-income economies 1130: 1120: 1110: 1086: 1007: 987:Australian Parliament 922: 691: 597: 555:Baltic states in 1935 554: 514:uprising of 1863–1864 510:uprising of 1830–1831 328: 273:. With the advent of 265:, sometimes also the 204:high-income economies 5069:Statistics Lithuania 4933:(John Murray, 2006)) 4468:. 23 September 2021. 4151:on 12 February 2015. 4018:on 24 September 2020 3533:. 1 September 1993. 3199:Smele, John (1996). 2994:"Baltic Cooperation" 2861:Tourism in Lithuania 2019:President of Estonia 1880:Geography of Estonia 1231:Būtingė oil terminal 1192:greenhouse emissions 1061:New Hanseatic League 1000:Regional cooperation 938:All three are today 858:Lithuanian partisans 726:spheres of influence 237:History of Lithuania 5638:Geography of Europe 5233:Diplomatic services 5176:United Baltic Duchy 5166:Territorial changes 4683:. London: Longman. 4365:. 23 September 2016 4255:on 25 February 2007 4205:2012GeCar..38...81L 3913:2012Ene....40...19D 3796:2016EnPol..95....1K 3299:DigitalCommons@NYLS 2836:Russians in Estonia 2816:Nordic-Baltic Eight 2786:Baltic governorates 2433:Largest urban area 2039:President of Latvia 1926:Gauja National Park 1876:Geography of Latvia 1766:Ostzejskie gubernii 1758:Остзейские губернии 1750:Baltic governorates 1746:Östersjöprovinserna 1655:Proto-Indo-European 1537:Church of St. Johns 1318:(Latvia, Lithuania) 1098:Maastricht criteria 940:liberal democracies 577:war of independence 448:began to spread in 5595:Kaliningrad Oblast 5546:Schleswig-Holstein 5255:Singing Revolution 5059:Statistics Estonia 4433:. 23 January 2024. 3679:on 4 December 2008 3499:Timothy Garton Ash 3270:Winter War Battles 3061:The Life of Nelson 2937:Baltijos valstybės 2851:Tourism in Estonia 2841:Russians in Latvia 2567:€4.0 billion 2564:€2.0 billion 2561:€1.0 billion 2558:€1.0 billion 2501:Water area % 2493:44/km = 110/sq mi 2442:Vilnius (716,856) 2436:Tallinn (614,561) 2387:Current President 2133:General statistics 1986:Sand dunes of the 1690:Germanic languages 1671:in Lithuanian and 1625: 1545: 1448:Russian immigrants 1398: 1321: 1308:(Finland, Estonia) 1274: 1153:and maintain high 1135: 1125: 1115: 1094:all of them joined 1089: 1017: 936: 885:Singing revolution 745:puppet governments 718: 622:Georges Clemenceau 608: 557: 529:the 19th century. 498:Great Northern War 383:Kingdom of Denmark 339: 329:Map depicting the 229:History of Estonia 5643:Regions of Europe 5615: 5614: 5468: 5467: 5417:Baltic Chain Tour 5292:tallest buildings 5064:Statistics Latvia 5041:The Baltics Today 5029:The Baltic Review 5010:The Baltic Course 4974:978-1-74059-132-4 4948:978-0-415-55400-8 4918:978-0-312-12060-3 4895:978-0-521-54155-8 4876:978-0-313-32355-3 4857:978-0-313-33125-1 4817:978-0-300-05552-8 4795:978-0-7146-8351-5 4766:978-1-136-48304-2 4747:978-0-230-01940-9 4728:978-0-415-48276-9 4709:978-0-415-56934-7 4690:978-0-582-08246-5 4671:978-88-7980-355-7 4656:D'Amato, Giuseppe 4646:978-90-04-30548-9 4629:978-1-85828-840-6 4610:978-963-9116-42-9 4565:978-9-211-26451-7 4499:Gynybos biudžetas 4285:978-9984-623-96-2 4249:starling.rinet.ru 3636:978-3-8305-2548-6 3512:978-0-19-955201-6 3476:Los Angeles Times 3470:Norman Kempster, 3279:978-951-593-068-2 3131:Norkus, Zenonas: 3111:978-1-4331-0713-9 3071:978-1-4116-7198-0 2856:Tourism in Latvia 2674: 2673: 2496:35/km = 88/sq mi 2490:29/km = 76/sq mi 2487:30/km = 80/sq mi 2341:Political system 1832:Foreningen Norden 1763: 1591:is spoken by the 1526:Livonian language 1506:Estonian language 1410:Holy Roman Empire 1402:Polish–Lithuanian 1266:St. Olaf's church 1024:in 1992, and the 865:Soviet occupation 835:Potsdam Agreement 764:mass deportations 617:limitrophe states 431:together resisted 331:Northern Crusades 276:Foreningen Norden 233:History of Latvia 181:Council of Europe 145: 144: 18:The Baltic States 16:(Redirected from 5655: 5600:Leningrad Oblast 5495: 5488: 5481: 5472: 5458: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5366:Busiest airports 5274: 5228:State continuity 5148: 5146: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5098: 5091: 5084: 5075: 5035:The Baltic Times 4978: 4952: 4922: 4910: 4899: 4880: 4861: 4842: 4821: 4799: 4770: 4751: 4732: 4713: 4694: 4675: 4633: 4622:. Rough Guides. 4614: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4557: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4531:on 22 April 2018 4521: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4444: 4435: 4434: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4327:Skutāns, Gints. 4324: 4318: 4317: 4301: 4290: 4289: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4251:. Archived from 4241: 4235: 4234: 4216: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4167:Invest Lithuania 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4143: 4137:Graddol, David. 4134: 4128: 4127: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4064: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4044:. Archived from 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4017: 4011:. Archived from 4006: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3955: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3869: 3858: 3857: 3821: 3808: 3807: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3744: 3731: 3730: 3704: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3656: 3648: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3598:Kuldkepp, Mart. 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3486: 3480: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3246:. January 2004. 3240: 3234: 3233: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3188:(in Lithuanian). 3180:"Baltijos šalys" 3176: 3170: 3169: 3149: 3136: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3097: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3023: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2975: 2955: 2945:Baltijas valstis 2930: 2821:Nordic countries 2755: 2754: 2753: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2719: 2718: 2717: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2686: 2527:€72.048 billion 2524:€40.310 billion 2521:€37.682 billion 2424:Ingrida Šimonytė 2396:Edgars Rinkēvičs 2324:16 February 1918 2298:18 November 1918 2281:24 February 1918 2244: 2243: 2235: 2234: 2226: 2225: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2163: 2126:Ingrida Šimonytė 2116: 2096: 2076: 2054: 2044:Edgars Rinkēvičs 2034: 2014: 1983: 1971: 1952: 1937: 1921: 1909: 1816:Baltic countries 1810: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1778: 1768: 1762:romanized: 1761: 1759: 1676: 1670: 1663:Baltic languages 1648: 1558:Estonian Swedish 1522:Finnish language 1313: 1303: 1293: 1224:In light of the 1132:Downtown Tallinn 1112:Downtown Vilnius 881:civil resistance 842:Operation Priboi 831:Yalta Conference 781:June deportation 714: 708: 702: 696: 659:bloody civil war 627:cordon sanitaire 450:Lithuanian lands 444:In 13th century 435:Duchy of Prussia 315:Nordic countries 300:Nordic countries 281:Baltic countries 247:Baltic countries 189:sovereign states 153:Baltic countries 108: 106: 105: 95: 93: 92: 82: 80: 79: 65: 53: 21: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5505: 5499: 5469: 5464: 5436: 5390: 5349: 5338:Defence College 5315:Baltic Assembly 5303: 5275: 5266: 5201:by Nazi Germany 5154: 5143: 5141: 5130: 5128: 5117: 5115: 5107: 5102: 5055: 5050: 5023:Wayback Machine 4986: 4981: 4975: 4962: 4949: 4936: 4919: 4902: 4896: 4883: 4877: 4864: 4858: 4845: 4839: 4824: 4818: 4802: 4796: 4783: 4767: 4754: 4748: 4735: 4729: 4716: 4710: 4697: 4691: 4678: 4672: 4654: 4630: 4617: 4611: 4598: 4594: 4592:Further reading 4589: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4509: 4507: 4506:on 28 June 2022 4496: 4495: 4491: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4446: 4445: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4357: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4333:old.historia.lv 4326: 4325: 4321: 4303: 4302: 4293: 4286: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4141: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4072:osp.stat.gov.lt 4066: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4048:on 11 June 2019 4036: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3871: 3870: 3861: 3823: 3822: 3811: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3746: 3745: 3734: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3649: 3637: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3513: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3376:on 20 July 2011 3368: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3151: 3150: 3139: 3130: 3123: 3112: 3099: 3098: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3072: 3057: 3056: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3025: 3024: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2865: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2739: 2737: 2727: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2681: 2679: 2553:Military budget 2439:Riga (917,351) 2401:Gitanas Nausėda 2238: 2229: 2220: 2135: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2108: 2104: 2097: 2088: 2084: 2077: 2066: 2064:Gitanas Nausėda 2062: 2055: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2026: 2022: 2015: 2006: 2004:Current leaders 1999: 1984: 1975: 1972: 1963: 1953: 1944: 1938: 1929: 1922: 1913: 1910: 1901: 1896: 1882: 1868: 1613: 1607: 1598: 1562:Estonian Swedes 1560:dialect of the 1518:Finnic language 1516:dialects) is a 1487:language family 1472: 1460:Communist Party 1319: 1311: 1309: 1301: 1299: 1291: 1287:Northern Europe 1279: 1259: 1175:energy security 1171: 1169:Energy security 1081: 1075: 1069: 1042:Baltic Assembly 1002: 924:Baltic Assembly 917: 877: 850:Forest Brothers 811:Lithuanian Jews 716: 712: 710: 706: 704: 700: 698: 694: 686: 672: 651:Konstantin Päts 635:Antanas Smetona 612:interwar period 549: 535: 464:in 1569 as the 462:Union of Lublin 439:Lithuania Minor 423:their own state 323: 288:First World War 243: 225: 220: 103: 101: 100: 90: 88: 87: 77: 75: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5661: 5659: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5620: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5531: 5521: 5516: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5475: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5452: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5373: 5371:Housing bubble 5368: 5363: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5343:Naval Squadron 5340: 5335: 5330: 5322: 5317: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5299:National parks 5296: 5295: 5294: 5287:Largest cities 5283: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5237: 5236: 5235: 5225: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5178: 5173: 5171:Baltic Entente 5168: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5139: 5126: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5048:External links 5046: 5045: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5016:Baltic Reports 5013: 5007: 5001: 4993: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4973: 4960: 4953: 4947: 4934: 4925:Palmer, Alan. 4923: 4917: 4900: 4894: 4881: 4875: 4862: 4856: 4843: 4838:978-1788312523 4837: 4822: 4816: 4804:Lieven, Anatol 4800: 4794: 4781: 4771: 4765: 4752: 4746: 4733: 4727: 4714: 4708: 4695: 4689: 4676: 4670: 4652: 4634: 4628: 4615: 4609: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4564: 4542: 4516: 4489: 4471: 4453: 4436: 4422: 4408: 4394: 4376: 4350: 4319: 4291: 4284: 4266: 4236: 4179: 4154: 4139:"English Next" 4129: 4122: 4102: 4077: 4059: 4029: 3993: 3967: 3926: 3891: 3859: 3809: 3774: 3732: 3690: 3664: 3635: 3617: 3590: 3567:. March 2008. 3561:Sydney Journal 3548: 3518: 3511: 3481: 3463: 3452:. 14 June 2007 3437: 3407: 3387: 3361: 3354: 3334: 3304: 3285: 3278: 3253: 3235: 3228: 3208: 3191: 3171: 3164: 3137: 3121: 3110: 3089: 3070: 3047: 3015: 2984: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2864: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2826:Nordic Estonia 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2781:Baltic Germans 2778: 2773: 2771:Baltic Entente 2768: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2721:European Union 2711: 2699: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2610: 2603: 2596: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2326: 2321: 2310: 2309: 2308: 2306:21 August 1991 2300: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2289:20 August 1991 2283: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2203: 2196: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2146:European Union 2137:All three are 2134: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2118: 2111: 2109: 2098: 2091: 2089: 2086:Kristen Michal 2078: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2056: 2049: 2047: 2036: 2029: 2027: 2016: 2009: 2005: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1985: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1966: 1964: 1954: 1947: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1930: 1923: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1867: 1864: 1754:Russian Empire 1606: 1600: 1471: 1468: 1355:Livonian Coast 1310: 1300: 1296:North Germanic 1290: 1278: 1275: 1258: 1255: 1170: 1167: 1139:European Union 1071:Main article: 1068: 1065: 1057:Visegrád Group 1053:Nordic Council 1001: 998: 960:European Union 954:in Latvia and 916: 913: 876: 873: 807:ghettoisations 757:Lithuanian SSR 711: 705: 699: 693: 671: 668: 655:Era of Silence 643:Kārlis Ulmanis 637:in Lithuania ( 534: 531: 427:Union of Krevo 379:Livonian Order 375:Teutonic Order 322: 319: 292:Russian Empire 271:Russian Empire 224: 221: 219: 216: 173:European Union 143: 142: 141: 140: 130: 118: 114: 113: 73: 67: 66: 58: 57: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5660: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5633:Baltic region 5631: 5629: 5628:Baltic states 5626: 5625: 5623: 5608: 5605: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5496: 5491: 5489: 5484: 5482: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5461: 5453: 5451: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5393: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5250:Sovietization 5248: 5246: 5245:Guerrilla war 5243: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5212:Deportations 5211: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5140: 5138: 5127: 5125: 5114: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5105:Baltic states 5099: 5094: 5092: 5087: 5085: 5080: 5079: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4992:(book series) 4991: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4976: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4909: 4908: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4759:. Routledge. 4758: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4651: 4650:online review 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4620:Baltic States 4616: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4554: 4553: 4546: 4543: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4454: 4449: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4418: 4412: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4390: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4364: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4281: 4277: 4276:Baltu valodas 4270: 4267: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4180: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4147: 4140: 4133: 4130: 4125: 4123:9781483322087 4119: 4115: 4114: 4106: 4103: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4060: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4030: 4014: 4010: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3784:Energy Policy 3778: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3713:(1): 94–108. 3712: 3708: 3701: 3694: 3691: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3618: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3591: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3514: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3355:9789985701959 3351: 3347: 3346: 3338: 3335: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3231: 3229:9781584779490 3225: 3221: 3220: 3212: 3209: 3204: 3203: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3165:9789639116429 3161: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3107: 3103: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3063: 3062: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2972: 2968: 2961: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2926: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2791:Baltic region 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2330:11 March 1990 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2275:Independence 2274: 2273: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2190: 2188:Coat of arms 2187: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2053: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2033: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1988:Curonian Spit 1982: 1977: 1970: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1915: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1856:Baltic states 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1804: 1803:Baltic German 1799: 1798:Pribaltiyskiy 1792:Прибалтийский 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1651:Ancient Greek 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1589:Baltic Romani 1586: 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