20:
59:
published in
Cincinnati, Ohio in 1863. It was one of two African-American newspapers started during the Civil War and it covered interests of African-Americans fighting in the war. The paper was also commonly called the "Soldier's Organ". It was published by John P. Sampson and stopped production in
1856:
155:
436:
1947:
1148:
1498:
1861:
1851:
1745:
1526:
41:
were newspapers published for
African Americans in the United States. Newspapers using the title were published in many cities including in 1867 in
1478:
1247:
1233:
1331:
345:
191:
1240:
429:
1534:
1877:
1184:
1492:
1911:
548:
1569:
1079:
422:
310:
1689:
1142:
1682:
1303:
909:
523:
99:
53:
1562:
618:
451:
63:
1429:
1057:
997:
632:
110:
1918:
990:
702:
667:
1668:
1597:
1289:
1121:
639:
516:
1408:
1373:
1296:
1212:
1198:
1011:
814:
744:
709:
583:
530:
502:
149:
49:, the state's first newspaper for African Americans. Many of the papers seem to have existed only briefly.
1904:
1846:
1773:
1625:
1590:
1555:
1018:
923:
902:
831:
653:
488:
233:
70:
42:
335:
1226:
888:
860:
737:
688:
181:
1822:
1780:
1415:
1338:
1310:
1100:
1093:
1086:
976:
853:
846:
793:
716:
597:
1815:
1787:
1520:
1422:
1394:
1345:
1275:
1128:
969:
874:
765:
723:
625:
562:
1801:
1717:
1632:
1583:
1506:
1387:
1177:
1135:
937:
895:
800:
646:
555:
46:
1604:
1710:
1548:
1380:
1366:
1317:
1254:
1114:
955:
867:
786:
758:
660:
481:
341:
187:
1925:
1703:
1661:
1513:
1471:
1436:
1170:
983:
807:
779:
695:
681:
674:
604:
569:
495:
474:
1808:
1794:
1759:
1541:
1450:
1443:
1352:
1282:
1268:
1156:
962:
930:
772:
730:
611:
590:
311:
https://uwf.digital.flvc.org/islandora/search/?type=edismax&collection=uwf%3Acitizen
1829:
1752:
1675:
1576:
1485:
1457:
1359:
1261:
1025:
751:
509:
124:
80:
1941:
1611:
1324:
1004:
881:
839:
576:
89:
published by the
Eagleson Brothers in Fort Scott and Topeka, Kansas from 1878 to 1880
1898:
1766:
1618:
1401:
1219:
1205:
1163:
1107:
1039:
235:
Negro journalism; an essay on the history and present conditions of the negro press
1639:
1464:
1191:
1032:
152:, 1857 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that ruled African Americans were not citizens
83:
of Hinds County. It was the third Black newspaper to be created in
Mississippi.
1882:
1696:
916:
19:
1724:
215:"The Colored Citizen (Cincinnati, Ohio) 1863-18?? [Online Resource]"
114:
414:
103:, a newspaper for African Americans published in Helena, Montana in 1894
1738:
397:
379:
361:
322:
293:
275:
257:
214:
1731:
18:
139:
a startup newspaper published in
Bakersfield, California in 1914
418:
158:, amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing voting rights
117:
from 1914 through, it is believed, 1958 or around 1965.
1857:
73:
in 1867, created by a Black civic leader, Henry Mason.
398:"The Colored Citizen (Bakersfield, Calif.) 1914-19??"
156:
Fifteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution
1891:
1870:
1839:
1653:
1071:
1049:
947:
824:
540:
466:
459:
450:
276:"The Colored Citizen (Montgomery, Ala.) 1884-1884"
380:"The Colored Citizen (Lexington, Ky.) 1913-19??"
294:"The Colored Citizen (Helena, Mont.) 1894-1894"
79:established in 1870 in Jackson, Mississippi by
362:"The Colored Citizen (Topeka, Kan.) 1897-1900"
258:"Colored Citizen (Fort Scott, Kan.) 1878-1880"
430:
8:
463:
456:
437:
423:
415:
1862:National Newspaper Publishers Association
1852:National Association of Black Journalists
133:published in Lexington, Kentucky in 1913
95:published in Montgomery, Alabama in 1884
1248:The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)
1234:The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)
337:The Black press in the South, 1865-1979
183:The Black press in the South, 1865-1979
168:
340:. Greenwood Press. 1983. p. 110.
7:
1948:Lists of African-American newspapers
1241:The Colored American (New York City)
323:https://www.loc.gov/item/sn95026103/
186:. Greenwood Press. 1983. p. 9.
176:
174:
172:
16:List of African-American newspapers
14:
1878:Perry Publishing and Broadcasting
1185:Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune
69:, a newspaper first published in
1912:Genius of Universal Emancipation
549:African-American News and Issues
1570:Southwestern Christian Advocate
131:The Colored Citizen (Lexington)
107:The Colored Citizen (Pensacola)
1:
1690:The Colored American Magazine
238:. Greencastle, Ind. p. 9
93:Colored Citizen (Montgormery)
23:1863 edition of Cincinnati's
1500:The Philadelphia Independent
910:Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
524:The Washington Afro-American
100:The Colored Citizen (Helena)
87:Colored Citizen (Fort Scott)
619:The Burning Spear Newspaper
1964:
1430:The Mississippi Enterprise
111:African-American newspaper
1899:Abolitionist publications
703:The Jacksonville Advocate
668:Florida Sentinel Bulletin
123:, newspaper published in
77:Colored Citizen (Jackson)
1669:Black Issues Book Review
1598:The Winter Park Advocate
640:The Charleston Chronicle
517:The Philadelphia Tribune
232:Gore, George W. (1922).
121:Colored Citizen (Topeka)
1409:Metro Herald (Virginia)
1199:The Chicago Conservator
1012:The Sacramento Observer
815:Winston-Salem Chronicle
745:The New Orleans Tribune
710:Jacksonville Free Press
584:Baltimore Afro-American
531:The Washington Informer
503:New York Amsterdam News
150:Dredd Scott v. Sandford
127:from 1897 to about 1900
1905:The Anti-Slavery Bugle
1847:Associated Negro Press
1774:Our Women and Children
1626:Afro-American Sentinel
1556:The Seattle Republican
1019:San Francisco Bay View
924:The St. Louis American
903:The Michigan FrontPage
654:The Christian Recorder
489:New Pittsburgh Courier
445:African American press
71:Vicksburg, Mississippi
43:Vicksburg, Mississippi
27:
1227:The Cleveland Gazette
889:Indianapolis Recorder
861:The Cincinnati Herald
738:New Journal and Guide
689:Houston Forward Times
22:
1823:Visions Metro Weekly
1416:The Michigan Citizen
1339:Indianapolis Freeman
1101:Arkansas State Press
1094:The Aliened American
1087:The Alaska Spotlight
977:Los Angeles Sentinel
854:The Chicago Defender
847:The Chicago Crusader
794:The Triangle Tribune
717:The Louisiana Weekly
598:The Baptist Vanguard
1816:Transition Magazine
1521:The Progressive Era
1423:Mirror of the Times
1395:Memphis Free Speech
1346:Indianapolis Leader
1276:Detroit Plaindealer
1129:Atlanta Independent
875:Fort Wayne Ink Spot
766:Richmond Free Press
724:Louisville Defender
626:Carolina Peacemaker
563:Atlanta Daily World
402:Library of Congress
384:Library of Congress
366:Library of Congress
298:Library of Congress
280:Library of Congress
262:Library of Congress
219:Library of Congress
137:The Colored Citizen
38:The Colored Citizen
25:The Colored Citizen
1584:The Washington Sun
1577:The Washington Bee
1507:Pittsburgh Courier
1493:The People's Voice
1388:The McDowell Times
1178:The Carolina Times
1136:The Black Dispatch
938:St. Louis Sentinel
896:Michigan Chronicle
801:Tri-State Defender
647:The Charlotte Post
556:Atlanta Black Star
47:Reconstruction era
28:
1935:
1934:
1649:
1648:
1549:The Rights of All
1381:Louisville Leader
1367:Jackson Eagle Eye
1318:Frost Illustrated
1311:Freedom's Journal
1255:Daily Negro Times
1143:The Black Panther
1115:Athens Republique
1067:
1066:
998:Portland Observer
956:Arizona Informant
868:The Columbus Post
787:Tennessee Tribune
759:The Orlando Times
661:The Dallas Weekly
482:Buffalo Criterion
347:978-0-313-22244-3
193:978-0-313-22244-3
1955:
1926:The National Era
1662:Black Enterprise
1563:The Shining Star
1514:Portland New Age
1472:New National Era
1171:California Eagle
984:Los Angeles Wave
808:The Village Beat
780:Savannah Tribune
696:Jackson Advocate
682:Houston Defender
675:The Florida Star
605:Birmingham Times
570:Atlanta Inquirer
496:The New York Age
475:Bay State Banner
464:
457:
439:
432:
425:
416:
406:
405:
394:
388:
387:
376:
370:
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358:
352:
351:
332:
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308:
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301:
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284:
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266:
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254:
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243:
229:
223:
222:
211:
205:
204:
202:
200:
178:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1887:
1866:
1835:
1795:Sister 2 Sister
1645:
1605:The Woman's Era
1542:Richmond Planet
1528:Ravenswood Post
1451:Nashville Globe
1444:Muhammad Speaks
1283:Detroit Tribune
1269:The Denver Star
1157:Boston Guardian
1063:
1045:
963:Black Lens News
943:
931:St. Louis Argus
820:
773:Roanoke Tribune
731:The Miami Times
612:Black Chronicle
591:Baltimore Times
536:
446:
443:
412:
410:
409:
396:
395:
391:
378:
377:
373:
360:
359:
355:
348:
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329:
321:
317:
309:
305:
292:
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208:
198:
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146:
65:Colored Citizen
55:Colored Citizen
32:Colored Citizen
17:
12:
11:
5:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1633:The Enterprise
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1486:Pacific Appeal
1482:
1479:The North Star
1475:
1468:
1461:
1458:The Negro Star
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1360:Iowa Bystander
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1262:Dallas Express
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
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1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1058:The Final Call
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1026:Seattle Medium
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
951:
949:
945:
944:
942:
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934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
828:
826:
822:
821:
819:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
752:Oklahoma Eagle
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
636:
633:The Carolinian
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
544:
542:
538:
537:
535:
534:
527:
520:
513:
510:Our Time Press
506:
499:
492:
485:
478:
470:
468:
461:
454:
448:
447:
444:
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441:
434:
427:
419:
408:
407:
389:
371:
353:
346:
327:
315:
303:
285:
267:
249:
224:
206:
192:
167:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
153:
145:
142:
141:
140:
134:
128:
125:Topeka, Kansas
118:
104:
96:
90:
84:
81:James D. Lynch
74:
61:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1919:The Liberator
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:
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1900:
1897:
1896:
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1890:
1884:
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1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:Organizations
1838:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
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1630:
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1623:
1621:
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1614:
1613:
1612:Omaha Monitor
1609:
1607:
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1600:
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1553:
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1544:
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1537:
1536:
1535:The Reflector
1532:
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1378:
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1371:
1369:
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1361:
1357:
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1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1325:Gary American
1322:
1320:
1319:
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1308:
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1298:
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1189:
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1126:
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1109:
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1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
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1077:
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1074:
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1054:
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1042:
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1037:
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1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1005:Richmond Post
1002:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
992:
988:
986:
985:
981:
979:
978:
974:
972:
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967:
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953:
952:
950:
946:
940:
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921:
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912:
911:
907:
905:
904:
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886:
884:
883:
882:Gary Crusader
879:
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876:
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869:
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862:
858:
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855:
851:
849:
848:
844:
842:
841:
840:Call and Post
837:
835:
834:
830:
829:
827:
823:
817:
816:
812:
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809:
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791:
789:
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753:
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728:
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627:
623:
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616:
614:
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609:
607:
606:
602:
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581:
579:
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577:Atlanta Voice
574:
572:
571:
567:
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560:
558:
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518:
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1640:Omaha Guide
1465:Negro World
1374:Louisianian
1297:The Equator
1213:The Circuit
1192:Chicago Bee
1150:Black Times
1033:The Skanner
67:(Vicksburg)
45:during the
1883:Real Times
1697:The Crisis
1591:The Appeal
917:Omaha Star
452:Newspapers
163:References
1781:Right On!
1725:The Fader
1654:Magazines
970:The Facts
467:Northeast
115:Pensacola
1942:Category
1788:The Root
1332:Harambee
1050:National
833:The Call
242:4 August
199:4 August
144:See also
1892:Related
1739:theGrio
1718:Essence
1304:Freedom
1072:Defunct
825:Midwest
1732:Fire!!
1711:Emerge
1683:Clutch
460:Active
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1704:Ebony
541:South
109:, an
60:1865.
1809:Tint
1802:Soul
1760:King
1437:Mojo
948:West
342:ISBN
244:2021
201:2021
188:ISBN
35:and
1830:YSB
1753:Jet
1676:BLK
1353:Ink
325:LOC
313:UWF
1944::
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171:^
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