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Googins. Homer placed the crows in the snow outside his studio, and with the aid of string and sticks posed the fox in a running position. Homer experienced some difficulty, as the painting was begun late in winter, and warming temperatures caused the stiffened crows to thaw and grow limp. Homer asked
Elbridge Oliver, the
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believed the fox, "dapper, small, inquisitive, shrewd", was a self-portrait. Cikovsky noted that the artist's signature is "sinking like the fox into the deep snow and exactly mimicking its form and action", and adds that the fox's tail, repeated by the 'R' in the signature, is called a brush. It is
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When exhibited in 1893, the
Darwinian aspect of the painting was immediately recognized by critics: "A fox makes his way through the snow, looking sharply at his enemies—two huge crows which are swooping down to devour him, in which their hunger, made savage by the snowstorm which has covered their
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According to
Nicolai Cikovsky, Jr., the artist used a fox's pelt draped over a barrel in the snow to accurately record color harmonies. Homer's biographer Philip C. Beam wrote that prior to the painting Homer was supplied with a dead fox by one hunter, and several crows by another named Roswell
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stationmaster for his opinion of the painting, and he responded "Hell, Win, them ain't crows". After painting the birds out, Homer joined Oliver at the station, where they spent three days scattering corn on the ground to attract crows, Homer sketching the birds on telegraph blanks. Using the
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during the winter of 1893. The painting depicts a fox foraging for food, who is in turn being hunted by crows driven to predation by hunger. At left several sprigs of red berries breach the snow, and in the distance may be seen the coastline and ocean beneath a deep blue sky.
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possible that Homer identified with slyness and social aloofness, qualities attributed to the fox. As well, the crows have been seen as omens of death, and for Hess, basing his interpretation on Freud's study of
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usual hunting-ground. Other crows hover restlessly in the distance. A twig or two of last summer's wild-rose bush is the grace note of the picture, redeeming sufficiently the sombre character of the scene".
48:. It depicts a fox running in deep snow, menaced by hungry crows. His largest single work, it has been described as "Homer's greatest Darwinian painting, arguably his greatest painting of any kind."
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sketches as reference he repainted the crows, then summoned Oliver for his opinion and approval.
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The influence of
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Several writers on Homer's work have seen evidence of the artist's self-disclosure in
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Nicolai
Cikovsky, Jr; Franklin Kelly; Winslow Homer (1995).
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is an 1893 oil on canvas painting by the
American artist
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Winslow Homer, American Artist: his World and his Work.
117:, after it was exhibited in the academy's annual show.
32:, 1893. Oil on canvas, 96.5 × 174 cm (38 × 68½ in).
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568:Searchlight on Harbor Entrance, Santiago de Cuba
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113:was purchased from the artist in 1894 by the
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334:at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
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317:. Houghton Mifflin company. p. 168.
293:Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., New York: 1961
176:. Houghton Mifflin company. p. 168.
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115:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
34:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
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314:The life and works of Winslow Homer
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173:The life and works of Winslow Homer
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54:was painted in Homer's studio at
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472:A Visit from the Old Mistress
300:. Pomegranate Artbooks, 1995.
265:Winslow Homer at Prout's Neck
528:Moonlight, Wood Island Light
311:William Howe Downes (1911).
170:William Howe Downes (1911).
275:. National Gallery of Art.
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628:Paintings by Winslow Homer
400:The Veteran in a New Field
289:Gardner, Albert Ten Eyck.
638:Paintings in Philadelphia
480:Dressing for the Carnival
298:Winslow Homer and The Sea
16:Painting by Winslow Homer
416:Prisoners from the Front
89:. Seeing the picture in
576:Fishing Boats, Key West
504:Lost on the Grand Banks
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488:Children Under a Palm
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602:Winslow Homer Studio
408:In Front of Yorktown
128:100 Great Paintings
464:The Cotton Pickers
384:The Brierwood Pipe
70:Scarborough, Maine
56:Prouts Neck, Maine
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448:The Boat Builders
440:A Basket of Clams
282:978-0-89468-217-9
241:Gardner, 112, 206
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100:Leonardo da Vinci
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552:Maine Coast
544:Northeaster
536:Cannon Rock
512:Eight Bells
459:(1873–1876)
456:Breezing Up
432:Grace Hoops
617:Categories
258:References
195:Little, 46
376:Paintings
121:See also
91:Freudian
63:Painting
595:Museums
332:s entry
93:terms,
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267:. 1966
136:Notes
277:ISBN
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361:e
354:t
347:v
285:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
