Holy Grail - Knowledge (XXG)

72: 1885: 1111: 3030:

estimate of the Rosicrucians?' an inquirer will very naturally ask. The answer to all this is very, ample and satisfactory; but particulars must be left to the sagacity of the querist himself, because propriety does not admit of explanation. Suffice it to say, that it is one of the most curious and wonderful subjects which has occupied the attention of antiquaries. That archaeological puzzle, the 'Round Table of King Arthur', is a perfect display of this whole subject of the origin of the 'Garter'; it springs directly from it, being the same object as that enclosed by the mythic garter, 'garder', or 'girther.'

1493: 892: 1306:. Early accounts of Joseph at Glastonbury focus on his role as the evangelist of Britain rather than as the custodian of the Holy Grail, but from the 15th century, the Grail became a more prominent part of the legends surrounding Glastonbury. Interest in Glastonbury resurged in the late 19th century, inspired by renewed interest in the Arthurian legend and contemporary spiritual movements centered on ancient sacred sites. In the late 19th century, 1272: 3281: 4141: 4153: 543: 1069:(2004) argued that the Grail legend is connected to the introduction of "more ceremony and mysticism" surrounding the sacrament of the Eucharist in the high medieval period, proposing that the first Grail stories may have been connected to the "renewal in this traditional sacrament". Daniel Scavone (1999, 2003) has argued that the "Grail" originally referred to the 4165: 1216:. By the 14th century, an elaborate tradition had developed that this object was the Last Supper chalice. This tradition mirrors aspects of the Grail material, with several major differences, suggesting a separate tradition entirely. It is not associated with Joseph of Arimathea or Jesus' blood; it is said to have been taken to Rome by 1382: 813:, Perceval witnesses a wondrous procession in which youths carry magnificent objects from one chamber to another, passing before him at each course of the meal. First comes a young man carrying a bleeding lance, then two boys carrying candelabras. Finally, a beautiful young girl emerges bearing an elaborately decorated 854:

to collect Christ's blood upon his removal from the cross. Joseph is thrown in prison, where Christ visits him and explains the mysteries of the blessed cup. Upon his release, Joseph gathers his in-laws and other followers and travels to the west. He founds a dynasty of Grail keepers that eventually

3029:

Writing of the Order of the Garter ceremonies Jennings writes on page 323:- The whole refers to King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table; set round as sentinels ('in lodge') of the Sangreal, or Holy Graal--the 'Sacrifice Mysterious', or 'Eucharist'. But how is all this magic and sacred in the

2124:

video game franchise the Holy Grail is mentioned. In the original game, one Templar refers to the main relic of the game as the Holy Grail, although it was later discovered to be one of many Apples of Eden. The Holy Grail was mentioned again in Templar Legends, ending up in either Scotland or Spain

828:

which provided sustenance for the Fisher King's crippled father. Perceval, who had been warned against talking too much, remains silent through all of this and wakes up the next morning alone. He later learns that if he had asked the appropriate questions about what he saw, he would have healed his

2175:, "Special", Lance finds a crockery cup, eyes only, in a field that turns out to be where a historic battle took place and a reliquary containing the Holy Grail was lost. A montage shows how the same crockery cup went from the hands of Jesus at the Last Supper (implied) to being lost in the field. 1362:

that cast the order as a secret society dedicated to mystical knowledge and relics. In Hammer-Purgstall's work, the Grail is not a physical relic, but a symbol of the secret knowledge that the Templars sought. There is no historical evidence linking the Templars to a search for the Grail, but

2114:

franchise, the Holy Grail serves as the prize of the Holy Grail War, granting a single wish to the victor of the battle royale. However, it is hinted at throughout the series that this Grail is not the real chalice of Christ, but is actually an item of uncertain nature created by mages some

2105:(2017), the search for the Holy Grail by the Knights Templar is a major theme of the series' first season. The Grail, which appears as a simple earthenware cup, is coveted by various factions including the Pope, who thinks that possession of it will enable him to ignite another Crusade. 1465:

dynasty. Supposedly, while the Catholic Church worked to destroy the dynasty, they were protected by the Priory of Sion and their associates, including the Templars, Cathars, and other secret societies. The book, its arguments, and its evidence have been widely dismissed by scholars as

1129:

veneration. These artifacts are said to have been the vessel used at the Last Supper, but other details vary. Despite the prominence of the Grail literature, traditions about a Last Supper relic remained rare in contrast to other items associated with Jesus' last days, such as the

824:), showing the word was used, in its earliest literary context, as a common noun. For Chrétien, a grail was a wide, somewhat deep, dish or bowl, interesting because it contained not a pike, salmon, or lamprey, as the audience may have expected for such a container, but a single 1858:, where it is the subject of an earlier quest, several generations before the birth of King Arthur. However, in contrast to the Arthurian canon, Vance's Grail is a common object lacking any magical or spiritual qualities, and the characters finding it derive little benefit. 1817:

in 1307, again pursued by the Iscarians. Schröder indirectly addresses the Cathar theory by letting the four heroes encounter Cathars – among them old friends from their flight from Acre – on their way to Portugal to seek refuge with the King of Portugal and travel further

2039:, a man named Aldous Gajic visits Babylon 5 in his continuing quest to find the Holy Grail. His quest is primarily a plot device, as the episode's action revolves not around the quest but rather around his presence and impact on the life of a station resident. 845:

Though Chrétien's account is the earliest and most influential of all Grail texts, it was in the work of Robert that the Grail truly became the "Holy Grail" and assumed the form most familiar to modern readers in its Christian context. In his verse romance

1393:

published a series of books tying the Grail, Templars, and Cathars to modern German nationalist mythology. According to Rahn, the Grail was a symbol of a pure Germanic religion repressed by Christianity. Rahn's books inspired interest in the Grail within

2052:. The Holy Grail is revealed in the story to be the blood of Jesus Christ that contains his power, only accessible to those descended from him, with the vessel of the Grail being defined as his body itself which the Templars uncovered in the Holy Lands. 1011:

The opposing view dismissed the "Celtic" connections as spurious, and interpreted the legend as essentially Christian in origin. Joseph Goering identified sources for Grail imagery in 12th-century wall paintings from churches in the Catalan

1612:(1932), the "heroine is the Grail," and its central concerns are with the various myths and legends, along with the history associated with Glastonbury. It is also possible to see most of the main characters as undertaking a Grail quest. 1145:

reported that the Last Supper chalice was displayed near Jerusalem. In the wake of Robert de Boron's Grail works, several other items came to be claimed as the true Last Supper vessel. In the late 12th century, one was said to be in

1583:(1922) loosely follows the legend of the Holy Grail and the Fisher King combined with vignettes of contemporary British society. In his first note to the poem, Eliot attributes the title to Jessie Weston's book on the Grail legend, 1987:(1981), attempted to restore a more traditional heroic representation of an Arthurian tale, in which the Grail is revealed as a mystical means to revitalise Arthur and the barren land to which his depressive sickness is connected. 1378:. This identification has inspired a wider legend asserting that the Cathars possessed the Holy Grail. According to these stories, the Cathars guarded the Grail at Montségur, and smuggled it out when the castle fell in 1244. 2096:(2016), the Holy Grail is the Treasure of the game's final Palace, representing the combined desires of all of humanity for a higher power to take control of their lives and make a world that has no sense of individuality. 2184:

revolves around Sister Simone's quest to find and destroy the Holy Grail, both as the central plot device and also as metacommentary on quests for the Holy Grail, which one character observes might be the "most overused

2166:, Jim Halpert sends Dwight Schrute on a wild goose chase to find the Holy Grail. After Dwight completing all the clues to find it, but coming up empty handed, the camera cuts to Glenn drinking out of it in his office. 261:. Various traditions describe the Holy Grail as a cup, dish, or stone with miraculous healing powers, sometimes providing eternal youth or sustenance in infinite abundance, often guarded in the custody of the 2728:); Scavone, "British King Lucius, the Grail and Joseph of Arimathea: The Question of Byzantine Origins.", Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest 10 (2003): 101-42, vol. 10, 101-142 (2003). 809:. In this incomplete poem, dated sometime between 1180 and 1191, the object has not yet acquired the implications of holiness it would have in later works. While dining in the magical abode of the 951:

and remain popular today. While it is not explicit that the Holy Grail is never to be seen again on Earth, it is stated by Malory that there has since then been no knight capable of obtaining it.

1517:, premiered in 1882, developed this theme, associating the Grail – now periodically producing blood – directly with female fertility. The high seriousness of the subject was also epitomized in 1024:

holding a bowl that radiates tongues of fire, images that predate the first literary account by Chrétien de Troyes. Goering argues that they were the original inspiration for the Grail legend.

4195: 2044: 2737:

Peron, Goulven. L'influence des Metamorphoses d'Ovide sur la visite de Perceval au chateau du Roi Pecheur, Journal of the International Arthurian Society, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2016, p. 113-134.

1224:. Early references do not call the object the "Grail"; the first evidence connecting it to the Grail tradition is from the 15th century. The monarchy sold the cup in the 15th century to 1845:, the lord of the Underworld. The properties of the item are not explicit, but the relic itself makes an appearance and is in the hands of Nicodemus by the end of the novel's events. 2157:, "Amanda O'Neill and the Holy Grail", the Holy Grail is used as a plot device in which witches Amanda O'Neill and Akko Kagari set out to find the item itself at Appleton School. 1402:'s abortive sponsorship of Rahn's search for the Grail, as well as many subsequent conspiracy theories and fictional works about the Nazis searching for the Grail. 1341:, Scotland, became attached to the Grail legend in the mid-20th century when a succession of conspiracy books identified it as a secret hiding place of the Grail. 1589:. The allusion is to the wounding of the Fisher King and the subsequent sterility of his lands. A poem of the same title, though otherwise dissimilar, written by 2127: 1231:

Several objects were identified with the Holy Grail in the 17th century. In the 20th century, a series of new items became associated with it. These include the

2668: 648:, which adapted at least the holiness of Robert's Grail into the framework of Chrétien's story. In Wolfram's telling, the Grail was kept safe at the castle of 265:

and located in the hidden Grail castle. By analogy, any elusive object or goal of great significance may be perceived as a "holy grail" by those seeking such.

1366:

Starting in the early 20th century, writers, particularly in France, further connected the Templars and Grail to the Cathars. In 1906, French esoteric writer

1314:, retrieved the cup in 1906 and promoted it as the original Holy Grail. Glastonbury and its Holy Grail legend have since become a point of focus for various 3942: 3313: 1875:(2023), the Holy Grail appears as General Belisarius's Vandal chalice, recovered with other treasures the Vandals had stolen during the sacking of Rome. 995:. Loomis traced a number of parallels between medieval Welsh literature and Irish material, and the Grail romances, including similarities between the 2131:, by the name of the Chalice, however this time not as an object but as a woman named Adha, similar to the sang rael, or royal blood, interpretation. 4062: 3259: 1189:

in the 12th century. It was not associated with the Last Supper until later, in the wake of the Grail romances; the first known association is in

3285: 959:

Scholars have long speculated on the origins of the Holy Grail before Chrétien, suggesting that it may contain elements of the trope of magical

1868:, Martin H. Greenberg, and Edward E. Kramer is a collection of 25 short stories about the grail by various science fiction and fantasy writers. 286:

around 1190. Chrétien's story inspired many continuations, translators and interpreters in the later-12th and early-13th centuries, including

1768: 1185:

said to have been used at the Last Supper. Its provenance is unknown, and there are two divergent accounts of how it was brought to Genoa by

983:, or even Persian sources. The view that the "origin" of the Grail legend should be seen as deriving from Celtic mythology was championed by 2844: 71: 1884: 1017: 2447:"Like Perceval when he lived, who stood amazed in contemplation, so that he was quite unable to ask what purpose the lance and grail." (" 1110: 2062:

the Holy Grail (Sehai in the anime, or Rainbow Moon Chalice) is the magical object with which Sailor Moon transforms in her Super form.

837:. This may imply that Chrétien intended the Communion wafer to be the significant part of the ritual, and the Grail to be a mere prop. 1995: 1894: 1552:

The story of the Grail and of the quest to find it became increasingly popular in the 19th century, referred to in literature such as

3143: 2449:

Attressi con Persavaus el temps que vivia, que s'esbait d'esgarder tant qu'anc non saup demandar de que servia la lansa ni-l grazaus.

1260: 3212: 3191: 2627: 1734: 1193:'s chronicle of Genoa in the late 13th century, which draws on the Grail literary tradition. The Catino was moved and broken during 520: 4110: 2507: 1354:

Since the 19th century, the Holy Grail has been linked to various conspiracy theories. In 1818, Austrian pseudohistorical writer

1160:

associated it explicitly with the Arthurian Grail, but claimed it was only a copy. This item was said to have been looted in the

593: 581: 278: 1841:

being recruited by Denarian and longtime enemy Nicodemus into a heist team seeking to retrieve the Holy Grail from the vault of

3635: 3497: 2162: 1965: 1725:, an adaptation of the Arthurian legend, Cornwell also reimagines the Grail quest as a quest for a cauldron that is one of the 4200: 3306: 1785: 1809:(2006), while defending the holy relic from the attempts of a Satanic sect called Iscarians to steal it. In the third book, 922:, is destined to achieve the Grail, his spiritual purity making him a greater warrior than even his illustrious father. The 1832: 1814: 1726: 632: 1752:

in Scotland, but that in recent decades its guardians had it moved to a secret chamber embedded in the floor beneath the

3587: 3552: 2239: 2234: 1616: 42: 569:

visiting the Grail castle or questing after the object. The second concerns the Grail's earlier history in the time of

4057: 1355: 806: 94: 46: 469: 4105: 3715: 3452: 3229: 1326: 931: 624: 619: 566: 314: 309: 160: 3299: 2011: 2000: 1920: 1744:(2003) has the "grail" taken to refer to Mary Magdalene as the "receptacle" of Jesus' bloodline (playing on the 1252: 1151: 1021: 945:

Galahad and the interpretation of the Grail involving him were picked up in the 15th century by Thomas Malory in

679:, a loose translation of Chrétien's poem and the Continuations, with some influence from native Welsh literature. 596:

of Chrétien's unfinished poem, by authors of differing vision and talent, designed to bring the story to a close.

489:'by degree', 'by stages', applied to a dish brought to the table in different stages or services during a meal". 1417:

created one of the most widely known conspiracy theories about the Holy Grail. The theory first appeared on the

938:, eventually join Galahad as his companions near the successful end of the Grail Quest and are witnesses of his 789:

had no Grail as such, presenting the hero instead with a platter containing his kinsman's bloody, severed head.

769:

The Grail was considered a bowl or dish when first described by Chrétien de Troyes. There, it is a processional

4205: 3004:"George Frederick Watts, 1860-62, Sir Galahad, oil on canvas, 191.8 x 107 cm, Harvard Art Museums, Fogg Museum" 1932: 1481: 1423: 1290:

In the modern era, a number of places have become associated with the Holy Grail. One of the most prominent is

1492: 774: 850:, composed between 1191 and 1202, Robert tells the story of Joseph of Arimathea acquiring the chalice of the 3334: 2076: 2066: 1753: 1678: 992: 657: 3276:

Bibliothèque Nationale de France, selection of illuminated folios, Modern French Translation, Commentaries.

2100: 1957: 1721: 1585: 1518: 1429: 1410: 1156: 1032: 899: 880: 645: 287: 81: 38: 1367: 833:

is not unique; several saints were said to have lived without food besides communion, for instance Saint

4067: 3250: 3003: 2679: 2153: 1945: 1661: 1608: 1553: 1537: 1533: 1036: 939: 805:) by Chrétien de Troyes, who claims he was working from a source book given to him by his patron, Count 675: 661: 194: 3256: 1780: 1433:. The theory combines myths about the Templars and Cathars with various other legends, and a prominent 586: 283: 105: 1562:. A sexualised interpretation of the grail, now identified with female genitalia, appeared in 1870 in 4215: 3820: 3805: 3780: 3730: 3605: 3427: 3352: 1907: 1794: 1773: 1311: 1302:

by the 12th century. In the 13th century, a legend arose that Joseph of Arimathea was the founder of

1087: 1059:

circle founded by Jung, also commented on the esoteric significance of the grail, relating it to the

984: 976: 947: 356: 341: 258: 144: 1813:(2007), the four heroes must reunite to smuggle the Holy Grail out of the Temple in Paris after the 600: 4190: 2559: 2141: 2120: 1666: 1395: 1212:

times, but its dating is unclear, and its provenance is unknown before 1399, when it was gifted to

1190: 758: 570: 419:, meaning "a cup or bowl of earth, wood, or metal" (or other various types of vessels in different 369: 333: 156: 871:, claimed the Grail was a Stone, the sanctuary of the neutral angels who took neither side during 4210: 4125: 4120: 3720: 3680: 3610: 1671: 1639: 1558: 1529: 1442: 1225: 1213: 915: 834: 297: 152: 2989: 1670:(1983) presented the Grail as a symbol of water, part of a set of objects representing the four 514:, meaning "royal blood". This etymology was used by some later medieval British writers such as 3121: 1969:(1975) is a comedic take on the Arthurian Grail quest, adapted in 2004 as the stage production 4090: 3735: 3670: 3326: 3208: 3187: 2631: 2623: 2145: 2084: 2030: 1823: 1740: 1716: 1644: 1603: 1594: 1563: 1476: 1467: 1303: 1186: 1169: 1115: 891: 825: 254: 115: 61: 4004: 3810: 3790: 3745: 3271: 2250: 2223: 2004: 1990: 1983: 1899: 1889: 1854: 1798: 1763: 1706: 1500: 1399: 1271: 1005: 964: 935: 420: 402: 361: 246: 30:

This article is about the object of Arthurian legend. For the cup from the Last Supper, see

2504: 608: 479:, a name for a type of woven basket that came to refer to a dish, or a derivative of Latin 360:. In this form, it is now a popular theme in modern culture, and has become the subject of 4095: 4085: 4039: 4014: 3994: 3972: 3960: 3770: 3675: 3432: 3367: 3263: 2692: 2511: 2351:, Pub. for the Early English Text Society, by N. Trübner & Co., 1871, pp. xxxvi–xxxvii 2271: 2110: 2049: 2022: 1912: 1865: 1711: 1406: 1359: 1244: 1182: 1070: 1048: 968: 614: 531: 337: 304: 230: 222: 130: 2010:

In a pair of fifth-season episodes (September 1989), entitled "Legend of the Holy Rose,"

1441:. According to this theory, the Holy Grail is not a physical object, but a symbol of the 1371: 1008:

and the Arthurian Fisher King, and between Bran's life-restoring cauldron and the Grail.

3291: 2048:(1999) features an alternate version of the Grail, interwoven with the mythology of the 781:); other authors had their own ideas. Robert de Boron portrayed it as the vessel of the 565:

The literature surrounding the Grail can be divided into two groups. The first concerns

4169: 4157: 3967: 3932: 3886: 3088: 3040: 2217: 2136: 1952: 1924: 1749: 1651: 1590: 1579: 1508: 1458: 1438: 1334: 1307: 1256: 1221: 1197:'s conquest in the early 19th century, revealing that it is glass rather than emerald. 1161: 1066: 980: 716: 558: 350: 238: 727:, a follow-up part of the cycle, concerns Galahad's eventual achievement of the Grail. 4184: 3845: 3630: 3417: 2200: 2017: 1838: 1522: 1414: 1060: 872: 687:, called the "least canonical" Grail romance because of its very different character. 671: 649: 515: 457: 365: 172: 1961:(1974) includes a more realistic version of the Grail quest from Arthurian romances. 1525:

holds the Grail with one hand, while adopting a gesture of blessing with the other.

4145: 4100: 3891: 3710: 3640: 3240: 2642: 2228: 2206: 2171: 1978: 1748:

etymology). In Brown's novel, it is hinted that this Grail was long buried beneath

1541: 1528:

A major mural series depicting the Quest for the Holy Grail was done by the artist

1507:

The combination of hushed reverence, chromatic harmonies and sexualized imagery in

1462: 1201: 1177: 1122: 1105: 1052: 907: 493: 345: 31: 27:

Cup, dish, or stone with miraculous powers, important motif in Arthurian literature

1181:(Sacred Basin, also known as the Genoa Chalice) is a green glass dish held at the 692: 867:, Wolfram von Eschenbach, citing the authority of a certain (probably fictional) 4009: 3927: 3755: 3725: 3695: 3322: 2057: 1828: 1693: 1574: 1453:(royal blood), which dates to the 15th century. The narrative developed is that 1298:, England. Glastonbury was associated with King Arthur and his resting place of 1291: 1248: 1240: 1232: 1217: 1209: 988: 851: 810: 782: 411: 329: 262: 148: 473:, a large wine-mixing vessel). Alternative suggestions include a derivative of 3881: 3825: 3542: 3462: 3280: 2716: 2211: 2180: 1936: 1849: 1338: 1283: 1236: 1135: 1131: 1074: 997: 765:

troubador, where mention is made of Perceval, the lance, and the Grail served.

683: 387: 3245: 4115: 3907: 3876: 3850: 3785: 3760: 3650: 3620: 3572: 3562: 3397: 3392: 3362: 3225: 2186: 2092: 2035: 1698: 1471: 1390: 1147: 1044: 1028: 972: 665: 300:

are uncertain and have been debated among literary scholars and historians.

3482: 2527:. Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, 1990, page 379. 2468:. Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, 1990, page 380. 1333:

sect in the 13th century, as the Grail castle. Similarly, the 14th-century

1141:

One tradition predates the Grail romances: in the 7th century, the pilgrim

542: 1381: 4034: 4024: 3999: 3989: 3979: 3840: 3795: 3765: 3690: 3660: 3625: 3600: 3567: 3532: 3512: 3467: 3422: 3342: 1971: 1624: 1513: 1319: 1295: 1194: 1078: 1013: 960: 919: 911: 762: 754:), based on Robert's tale but expanding it greatly with many new details. 705: 640: 554: 296:. The Christian, Celtic or possibly other origins of the Arthurian grail 292: 209: 140: 17: 2499:

According to a French scholar, the book given by Philip I may be Ovid's

3984: 3950: 3922: 3917: 3750: 3705: 3665: 3615: 3595: 3577: 3557: 3547: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3507: 3502: 3492: 3487: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3377: 3357: 2714:

D. Scavone: "Joseph of Arimathea, the Holy Grail and the Edessa Icon,"

1315: 720: 546: 164: 3273:

XVth-century Old French Estoire del saint Graal manuscript BNF fr. 113

3145:

An Algorithm Could Never Come Up With AI Drama 'Mrs. Davis': TV Review

1251:

object that became attached to the Grail legend in the 1930s; and the

906:

The authors of the Lancelot-Grail Cycle used the Grail as a symbol of

518:, and became prominent in the conspiracy theory developed in the book 344:. Thereafter, the Holy Grail became interwoven with the legend of the 4029: 4019: 3955: 3871: 3835: 3830: 3800: 3775: 3740: 3655: 3537: 3477: 3387: 3382: 3018:

Culture and the King: The Social Implications of the Arthurian Legend

2725: 2479:

The Mabinogion. A Facsimile Reproduction of the Complete 1877 Edition

2065:

A science fiction version of the Grail Quest is central theme in the

1757: 1330: 1310:

hid a glass bowl near Glastonbury; a group of his friends, including

1299: 1165: 1142: 1073:. Goulven Peron (2016) suggested that the Holy Grail may reflect the 1056: 830: 770: 701: 462: 205: 2721: 1793:) about a group of four Knights Templar who save the Grail from the 1466:

pseudohistorical, but it has had a vast influence on conspiracy and

918:, the world's greatest knight and the Grail Bearer at the castle of 820:

Chrétien refers to this object not as "The Grail" but as "a grail" (

1461:, who took the family to France where their descendants became the 1427:

in the 1970s, and was elaborated upon in the bestselling 1982 book

656:), entrusted to Titurel, the first Grail King. Some, not least the 3855: 3815: 3700: 3685: 3442: 3437: 3347: 3109:

Clarkson: "And on that terrible disappointment, it's time to end."

2244: 2080: 1883: 1842: 1689:

series is the story of the Grail quest by the 14-year-old Galahad.

1491: 1454: 1380: 1270: 1205: 1126: 1109: 424: 321: 182: 1732:

Influenced by the 1982 publication of the ostensibly non-fiction

829:

maimed host, much to his honour. The story of the Wounded King's

3645: 3472: 3372: 2144:

where they accidentally find the Holy Grail while searching for

1772:(1981) depicts a supernatural Grail quest set in the era of the 1434: 1208:

dish with a mounting for use as a chalice. The bowl may date to

1082: 868: 746:, the first part of the Lancelot-Grail cycle (but written after 550: 423:

dialects). The most commonly accepted etymology derives it from

325: 168: 3295: 2169:

In the 2022 Christmas special episode of the British TV series

1445:. The blood connection is based on the etymological reading of 934:

in their eponymous quest. Some of them, including Percival and

660:

monks, have identified the castle with their real sanctuary of

525: 509: 503: 497: 396: 390: 381: 3235: 2574:, translated by Matarasso, P.M., Penguin Books, 1969, page 60. 2300: 2298: 1905:

In the cinema, the Holy Grail debuted in the 1904 silent film

1418: 348:, the Last Supper cup, an idea continued in works such as the 2481:, Academy Press Limited Edition 1978, Chicago, Ill. page 124. 460: 405: 37:"Grail" and "Grail Quest" redirect here. For other uses, see 2766: 2764: 2745: 2743: 2026:(1991) features the Grail quest in the modern New York City. 1363:

subsequent writers have elaborated on the Templar theories.

1039:

to interpret the Grail as a series of symbols in their book

386:, as it is spelled in its earliest appearances, comes from 197:, providing nourishment, granting ascension or eternal life 2045:

Gabriel Knight 3: Blood of the Sacred, Blood of the Damned

1358:

connected the Grail to contemporary myths surrounding the

276:), wondrous but not unequivocally holy, first appears in 1175:

Two relics associated with the Grail survive today. The

2977:

Wagner's "Ring" and its Symbols: the Music and the Myth

2125:

by different accounts. The Holy Grail appears again in

1949:(1922) involves discovery of the Grail in modern times. 1325:

In the early 20th century, esoteric writers identified

3196:

Weston, Jessie L. (1993; originally published 1920).

1915:. More recent cinematic adaptations include Costain's 3123:

Watch The Office Highlight: The Dunder Code - NBC.com

2363:

Etymologisches Wörterbuch der englischen Sprache: A–K

2160:

In the 12th episode of season 9 of the American show

1797:

in 1291 and go through an odyssey to bring it to the

1114:

The Holy Grail depicted on a stained glass window at

3200:. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 1643:(1952) is a non-Arthurian historical Grail novel by 1532:

during the first decade of the 20th century for the

1125:

came to be identified as the Holy Grail in medieval

4078: 4050: 3941: 3900: 3864: 3586: 3451: 3333: 2845:"Spanish historians claim to have found Holy Grail" 2306:

An etymological dictionary of the Romance languages

201: 189: 178: 136: 126: 121: 111: 101: 89: 54: 1470:books. It has also inspired fiction, most notably 4196:Fictional elements introduced in the 12th century 971:, combined with Christian legend surrounding the 496:invented a fanciful new etymology for Old French 3076:Descent of Memory: The Life of John Cowper Powys 2338:, Princeton University Press, 1998, pp. 116–117. 1255:, a cup made between 200 BC and 100 AD, kept in 3184:The Grail: From Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol 3016:Shichtman, Martin B.; Carley, James P., (eds.) 1370:identified the Cathar castle of Montségur with 1043:. They directly expanded on interpretations by 777:described a grail as a "wide and deep saucer" ( 1623:(1930) and his two collections of poems about 3307: 2620:The Virgin and the Grail: Origins of a Legend 2393:Richard O'Gorman, "Grail" in Norris J. Lacy, 2325:, Vol. 13, No. 11 (Mar., 1916), pp. 681–684 . 1374:or Montsalvat, the Grail castle in Wolfram's 1228:, where it remains a significant local icon. 1020:), which present unique iconic images of the 414: 282:, an unfinished chivalric romance written by 8: 2653: 2651: 2643:"Holy Grail legend may be tied to paintings" 2361: 253:) is a treasure that serves as an important 2587:, Penguin Books, 1969, Volume II, page 256. 2525:The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes 2466:The Complete Romances of Chrétien de Troyes 2453:Exemplary comparison from Homer to Petrarch 1568:The Rosicrucians, Their Rites and Mysteries 1497:King Pelles' Daughter Bearing the Sancgraal 480: 474: 451: 445: 439: 433: 427: 3314: 3300: 3292: 3257:The Holy Grail today in Valencia Cathedral 3078:. London: Overlook Press, 2007, pp. 252-3. 2990:"Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828–1882, Tate" 2669:"Henry Corbin and the Secret of the Grail" 2562:translator. Penguin Books, 1980, page 239. 2380: 2378: 2376: 2007:in a race for the Grail against the Nazis. 930:) tells also of the adventures of various 910:; the virgin Galahad, illegitimate son of 508:), meaning "Holy Grail", by parsing it as 70: 3020:, SUNY Press, Albany, N.Y., 1994, p. 264. 2425: 2423: 2421: 1385:The Grail depicted on a 1933 German stamp 896:Sir Galahad, the Quest for the Holy Grail 576:The nine works from the first group are: 354:cycle, and subsequently the 15th-century 3179:. Harper & Row Publishers, New York. 2605:Jung, Emma and von Franz, Marie-Louise. 2334:Jung, Emma and von Franz, Marie-Louise. 1779:German history and fantasy novel author 1521:'s painting in which a woman modeled by 1267:Locations associated with the Holy Grail 890: 541: 290:, who portrayed the Grail as a stone in 3286:Studies on the legend of the Holy Grail 3103:Hammond: "I think it's the Holy Grail." 2263: 1848:The Holy Grail features prominently in 1664:'s Arthurian revisionist fantasy novel 1121:In the wake of the Arthurian romances, 3170:The Holy Grail: Imagination and Belief 2688: 2677: 1709:'s historical fiction series of books 1457:was not divine, and had children with 1168:in France, but it was lost during the 879:, which in alchemy is the name of the 779:scutella lata et aliquantulum profunda 51: 3241:The Holy Grail at the Camelot Project 3041:"January 1913 : Poetry Magazine" 2308:, Williams and Norgate, 1864, p. 236. 2128:Assassin's Creed: Altaïr's Chronicles 1911:, an adaptation of Wagner's opera by 1350:Pseudohistory and conspiracy theories 719:cycle introduced the new Grail hero, 557:achieve the Grail. Tapestry woven by 7: 3177:Transformations of Myth Through Time 1692:The Grail motif features heavily in 1235:, a medieval wooden bowl found near 979:sources, conceivably in that of the 773:, a tray, used to serve at a feast. 761:, a late 12th or early 13th-century 492:In the 15th century, English writer 456:, which was, in turn, borrowed from 3094:Hammond: "There's something there!" 3065:. London: Macdonald, 1955, p. xiii. 2720:vol. 9, no. 4, 3-31 (Winter 1999) ( 2178:The 2023 limited television series 3205:The Holy Grail: History and Legend 2609:, Sigo Press, Boston, 1980, p. 14. 2033:" (1994) of the television series 1996:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 1895:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 1786:Die Bruderschaft vom Heiligen Gral 1769:The War Hound and the World's Pain 1405:In the late 20th century, writers 268:A mysterious "grail" (Old French: 25: 2641:Rynor, Micah (October 20, 2005). 2014:undertakes a quest for the Grail. 1811:Das Labyrinth der schwarzen Abtei 1791:The Brotherhood of the Holy Grail 1735:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail 1650:A quest for the Grail appears in 1544:, also portrayed grail subjects. 1398:circles, and led to the SS chief 1389:Beginning in 1933, German writer 1239:, Wales; a glass dish found near 1018:Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya 613:, purportedly a prosification of 521:The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail 4163: 4151: 4139: 3279: 2319:Concerning the Word Graal, Greal 1437:about a secret order called the 1329:, a stronghold of the heretical 582:Perceval, the Story of the Grail 368:writings, works of fiction, and 279:Perceval, the Story of the Grail 1966:Monty Python and the Holy Grail 797:The Grail is first featured in 731:Of the second group there are: 617:'s sequel to his romance poems 4111:King Arthur's messianic return 3182:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1991). 1047:, which were later invoked by 585:, a chivalric romance poem by 1: 3207:. University of Wales Press. 1815:trials of the Knights Templar 1807:Das Amulett der Wüstenkrieger 1727:Thirteen Treasures of Britain 1658:(1975), set during the 1970s. 77:The Damsel of the Sanct Grael 2912:Wood 2012, pp. 75–76, 88–89. 2843:Hedgecoe, Guy (2014-03-28). 2240:Relics associated with Jesus 2235:List of mythological objects 1715:(2000–2012), set during the 461: 43:Grail Quest (disambiguation) 3172:. Harvard University Press. 2572:The Quest of The Holy Grail 2072:episode "The Quest" (2006). 2058:Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon 2029:In the season one episode " 1593:, was published in 1913 in 1536:. Other artists, including 1356:Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall 928:The Quest of The Holy Grail 799:Perceval, le Conte du Graal 95:Perceval, le Conte du Graal 47:Holy Grail (disambiguation) 4232: 4106:Historicity of King Arthur 2975:Donington, Robert (1963). 2455:, DS Brewer, 2008, p. 143. 2395:The Arthurian Encyclopedia 2272:"Definition of Holy Grail" 1862:Grails: Quests of the Dawn 1702:, set in the 12th century. 1633:Region of the Summer Stars 1103: 932:Knights of the Round Table 468: 161:Knights of the Round Table 36: 29: 4134: 3175:Campbell, Joseph (1990). 2622:. Yale University Press. 2554:Von Eschenbach, Wolfram. 2523:Staines, David. (Trans.) 2464:Staines, David. (Trans.) 2099:In the television series 1261:Basilica of Saint Isidore 1152:Albrecht von Scharfenberg 1063:symbols that he studied. 1016:(now mostly moved to the 69: 59: 3168:Barber, Richard (2004). 3097:Clarkson: "What's that?" 2966:Wood 2012, p. 77, 81–82. 2921:Wood 2012, p. 70, 73–74. 2806:Barber 2004, p. 169–170. 2657:Barber 2004, p. 248–252. 2618:Goering, Joseph (2005). 2596:Weston 1993, p. 74, 129. 2134:In the fourth series of 1801:in the first two books, 1719:. In his earlier series 1629:Taliessin Through Logres 1615:The Grail is central in 1202:Holy Chalice of Valencia 3746:Lady/Ladies of the Lake 3203:Wood, Juliette (2012). 2645:. www.news.utoronto.ca. 2477:Guest, Lady Charlotte. 2347:Skeat, Walter William. 2151:In the 17th episode of 1756:in the entrance of the 1683:Child of the Holy Grail 1220:and later entrusted to 744:Estoire del Saint Graal 526: 510: 504: 498: 415: 406: 397: 391: 382: 320:portrayed the Grail as 193:Healing, restoring the 122:In-universe information 4015:Land/Castle of Maidens 3198:From Ritual To Romance 3043:. Poetryfoundation.org 2687:Cite journal requires 2362: 2292:Campbell 1990, p. 210. 1981:, in his fantasy film 1943:The silent drama film 1902: 1729:from Celtic mythology. 1722:The Warlord Chronicles 1586:From Ritual to Romance 1519:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 1504: 1430:Holy Blood, Holy Grail 1386: 1345:Modern interpretations 1287: 1253:Chalice of Doña Urraca 1118: 1033:Marie-Louise von Franz 975:, the latter found in 924:Queste del Saint Graal 903: 859:Wolfram von Eschenbach 803:The Story of the Grail 725:Queste del Saint Graal 646:Wolfram von Eschenbach 562: 481: 475: 452: 446: 440: 434: 428: 288:Wolfram von Eschenbach 250: 242: 234: 226: 82:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 39:Grail (disambiguation) 4201:Christian terminology 3251:Catholic Encyclopedia 3074:Krissdottir, Morine. 3063:A Glastonbury Romance 2415:Wood 2012, p. 55, 77. 2231:(Christian mythology) 2154:Little Witch Academia 2087:was released in 2013. 2020:'s comedy-drama film 1946:The Light in the Dark 1887: 1705:It is the subject of 1662:Marion Zimmer Bradley 1609:A Glastonbury Romance 1554:Alfred, Lord Tennyson 1538:George Frederic Watts 1534:Boston Public Library 1511:'s final music drama 1495: 1384: 1274: 1113: 1037:analytical psychology 894: 787:Peredur son of Efrawg 775:Hélinand of Froidmont 708:, achieves the Grail. 676:Peredur son of Efrawg 567:King Arthur's knights 545: 438:via an earlier form, 3781:Lynette and Lyonesse 3606:Angharad Golden-Hand 3428:Ambrosius Aurelianus 2957:Wood 2012, p. 77–82. 2948:Wood 2012, p. 76–77. 2939:Wood 2012, p. 74–76. 2930:Wood 2012, p. 75–76. 2903:Wood 2012, p. 58–60. 2894:Wood 2012, p. 57–58. 2885:Wood 2012, p. 55–60. 2876:Wood 2012, p. 53–55. 2867:Wood 2012, p. 51–52. 2833:Wood 2012, p. 96–97. 2815:Barber 2004, p. 170. 2797:Wood 2012, p. 95–96. 2788:Wood 2012, p. 94–95. 2779:Barber 2004, p. 168. 2758:Barber 2004, p. 167. 2667:Carey, John (2011). 2583:Malory, Sir Thomas, 2536:Loomis 1991, p. 184. 2438:Barber 2004, p. 418. 2406:Barber 2004, p. 215. 1880:Film and other media 1873:Empire in Apocalypse 1312:Wellesley Tudor Pole 985:Roger Sherman Loomis 955:Scholarly hypotheses 759:Rigaut de Barbezieux 715:section of the vast 259:Arthurian literature 190:Traits and abilities 2545:Weston 1993, p.161. 2384:Barber 2004, p. 93. 2349:Joseph of Arimathie 2247:(Finnish mythology) 2220:(Persian mythology) 2140:, the trio goes to 1892:from the 1989 film 1871:In Robert Bruton's 1667:The Mists of Avalon 1654:'s adventure novel 1556:'s Arthurian cycle 1421:documentary series 1191:Jacobus de Voragine 1157:Der Jüngere Titurel 940:ascension to Heaven 881:philosopher's stone 873:Lucifer's rebellion 855:includes Perceval. 571:Joseph of Arimathea 538:Medieval literature 370:conspiracy theories 334:Joseph of Arimathea 157:Joseph of Arimathea 4170:History portal 4158:England portal 4126:Tristan and Iseult 4121:Knight of the Swan 3721:Guiron le Courtois 3681:Elaine of Corbenic 3611:Anguish of Ireland 3262:2017-07-28 at the 3100:May: "What is it?" 3087:"A massive Hunt", 2510:2013-04-20 at the 2317:Nitze, William A. 2090:In the video game 1993:'s adventure film 1917:The Silver Chalice 1903: 1864:(1994), edited by 1821:The 15th novel in 1803:Der Fall von Akkon 1783:wrote the trilogy 1781:Rainer M. Schröder 1677:The main theme of 1672:classical elements 1640:The Silver Chalice 1559:Idylls of the King 1530:Edwin Austin Abbey 1505: 1488:Music and painting 1443:bloodline of Jesus 1387: 1288: 1226:Valencia Cathedral 1214:Martin I of Aragon 1119: 1081:, as described by 1055:, a member of the 904: 869:Kyot the Provençal 848:Joseph d'Arimathie 835:Catherine of Genoa 807:Philip of Flanders 793:Chrétien de Troyes 737:Joseph d'Arimathie 735:Robert de Boron's 620:Joseph d'Arimathie 594:Four Continuations 587:Chrétien de Troyes 563: 444:, a derivative of 310:Joseph d'Arimathie 284:Chrétien de Troyes 106:Chrétien de Troyes 4178: 4177: 4091:Battle of Camlann 3865:Animal characters 3821:Percival's sister 3671:Elaine of Astolat 3327:Matter of Britain 3284:The full text of 2824:Wood 2012, p. 95. 2770:Wood 2012, p. 94. 2749:Wood 2012, p. 91. 2585:Le Morte D'Arthur 2501:The Metamorphoses 2451:") Sayce, Olive. 2429:Wood 2012, p. 77. 2360:Mueller, Eduard. 2304:Diez, Friedrich. 2274:. Merriam-Webster 2214:(Greek mythology) 2203:(Hindu mythology) 2085:Justin Timberlake 1929:The Da Vinci Code 1837:(2014), features 1824:The Dresden Files 1774:Thirty Years' War 1766:'s fantasy novel 1741:The Da Vinci Code 1717:Hundred Years War 1645:Thomas B. Costain 1604:John Cowper Powys 1564:Hargrave Jennings 1477:The Da Vinci Code 1468:alternate history 1304:Glastonbury Abbey 1170:French Revolution 1154:'s Grail romance 1123:several artifacts 1116:Quimper Cathedral 1077:of the river-god 977:Eastern Christian 948:Le Morte d'Arthur 357:Le Morte d'Arthur 215: 214: 116:Chivalric romance 62:Matter of Britain 16:(Redirected from 4223: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4146:Wales portal 4144: 4143: 4142: 4005:Esplumoir Merlin 3811:Nine sorceresses 3791:Mark of Cornwall 3676:Elaine of Benoic 3588:Other characters 3473:Bors the Younger 3368:Elaine of Garlot 3316: 3309: 3302: 3293: 3283: 3270: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3118: 3112: 3085: 3079: 3072: 3066: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3037: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2986: 2980: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2807: 2804: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2759: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2738: 2735: 2729: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2690: 2685: 2683: 2675: 2673: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2646: 2639: 2633: 2616: 2610: 2607:The Grail Legend 2603: 2597: 2594: 2588: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2456: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2416: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2398: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2371: 2365: 2358: 2352: 2345: 2339: 2336:The Grail Legend 2332: 2326: 2323:Modern Philology 2315: 2309: 2302: 2293: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2268: 2251:Salsabil (Quran) 2224:Fairy cup legend 2148:buried treasure. 2121:Assassin's Creed 2115:generations ago. 1999:(1989) features 1991:Steven Spielberg 1955:'s fantasy film 1900:Hollywood Museum 1890:Henry Jones, Sr. 1855:Lyonesse Trilogy 1764:Michael Moorcock 1754:Inverted Pyramid 1707:Bernard Cornwell 1617:Charles Williams 1501:Frederick Sandys 1449:(holy grail) as 1400:Heinrich Himmler 1368:Joséphin Péladan 1280:The Grail Castle 1247:, a 6th-century 1095:Later traditions 1041:The Grail Legend 1006:Bran the Blessed 1003: 965:Celtic mythology 936:Bors the Younger 831:mystical fasting 654:mons salvationis 628: 612: 559:Morris & Co. 529: 513: 507: 501: 488: 484: 478: 472: 466: 455: 449: 443: 437: 431: 418: 409: 400: 394: 385: 366:pseudohistorical 362:folklore studies 318: 147:, Grail Family ( 90:First appearance 74: 52: 21: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4206:Literary motifs 4181: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4152: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4130: 4096:Dolorous Stroke 4086:Battle of Badon 4074: 4046: 4040:Tintagel Castle 3995:Chapel perilous 3973:Val sans retour 3961:Glastonbury Tor 3937: 3896: 3860: 3711:Green Knight(s) 3636:Black Knight(s) 3621:Balin and Balan 3582: 3454: 3447: 3433:Uther Pendragon 3329: 3320: 3268: 3264:Wayback Machine 3222: 3165: 3163:Further reading 3160: 3159: 3151: 3149: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3127: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3106:May: "Oh cock." 3086: 3082: 3073: 3069: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3024: 3015: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2952: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2853: 2851: 2849:The Irish Times 2842: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2686: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2649: 2640: 2636: 2617: 2613: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2518: 2512:Wayback Machine 2498: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2476: 2472: 2463: 2459: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2374: 2370:, 1865, p. 461. 2359: 2355: 2346: 2342: 2333: 2329: 2316: 2312: 2303: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2196: 2050:Knights Templar 2042:The video game 2023:The Fisher King 1958:Lancelot du Lac 1913:Edwin S. Porter 1888:Grail diary of 1882: 1866:Richard Gilliam 1799:Temple in Paris 1712:The Grail Quest 1550: 1490: 1482:film adaptation 1407:Michael Baigent 1360:Knights Templar 1352: 1347: 1269: 1245:Antioch chalice 1243:, England; the 1183:Genoa Cathedral 1164:and brought to 1108: 1102: 1097: 1071:Image of Edessa 1061:Iranian Islamic 1049:Joseph Campbell 1001: 969:Welsh mythology 957: 889: 875:. It is called 861: 843: 841:Robert de Boron 826:Communion wafer 795: 622: 615:Robert de Boron 606: 540: 532:Jesus bloodline 486: 401:, cognate with 378: 342:the crucifixion 312: 305:Robert de Boron 243:Greal Sanctaidd 131:Religious relic 85: 79: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4229: 4227: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4183: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3953: 3947: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3933:Siege Perilous 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3887:Questing Beast 3884: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3696:Fisher King(s) 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3646:Bors the Elder 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3453:Knights of the 3449: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3311: 3304: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3277: 3266: 3254: 3246:The Holy Grail 3243: 3238: 3221: 3220:External links 3218: 3217: 3216: 3201: 3194: 3180: 3173: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3135: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3089:The Grand Tour 3080: 3067: 3054: 3032: 3022: 3009: 2995: 2981: 2968: 2959: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2835: 2826: 2817: 2808: 2799: 2790: 2781: 2772: 2760: 2751: 2739: 2730: 2707: 2698: 2689:|journal= 2659: 2647: 2634: 2611: 2598: 2589: 2576: 2564: 2547: 2538: 2529: 2516: 2492: 2483: 2470: 2457: 2440: 2431: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2386: 2372: 2353: 2340: 2327: 2310: 2294: 2285: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2226: 2221: 2218:Cup of Jamshid 2215: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2190: 2176: 2167: 2158: 2149: 2137:The Grand Tour 2132: 2116: 2106: 2097: 2088: 2073: 2063: 2053: 2040: 2027: 2015: 2008: 1988: 1976: 1962: 1953:Robert Bresson 1950: 1931:turned into a 1925:Victor Saville 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1859: 1846: 1819: 1777: 1761: 1750:Rosslyn Chapel 1738:, Dan Brown's 1730: 1703: 1696:'s 2000 novel 1690: 1685:(2000) in her 1679:Rosalind Miles 1675: 1659: 1652:Nelson DeMille 1648: 1636: 1613: 1600: 1591:Madison Cawein 1580:The Waste Land 1549: 1546: 1509:Richard Wagner 1489: 1486: 1474:'s 2003 novel 1459:Mary Magdalene 1439:Priory of Sion 1396:Nazi occultist 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1335:Rosslyn Chapel 1308:John Goodchild 1268: 1265: 1222:Saint Lawrence 1162:Fourth Crusade 1104:Main article: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1067:Richard Barber 1051:. Philosopher 1027:Psychologists 981:Byzantine Mass 956: 953: 888: 887:Lancelot-Grail 885: 860: 857: 842: 839: 817:, or "grail". 794: 791: 767: 766: 755: 740: 729: 728: 717:Lancelot-Grail 709: 704:, rather than 688: 680: 669: 637: 597: 590: 561:(19th century) 539: 536: 530:refers to the 377: 374: 351:Lancelot-Grail 338:Christ's blood 336:used to catch 303:In the 1190s, 213: 212: 203: 199: 198: 191: 187: 186: 180: 176: 175: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 91: 87: 86: 75: 67: 66: 57: 56: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4228: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4137: 4136: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4063:List of works 4061: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3846:Tegau Eurfron 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3826:Red Knight(s) 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3631:Lady Bertilak 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3418:Morgan le Fay 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3288:at Wikisource 3287: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3213:9780708325247 3210: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3193: 3192:0-691-02075-2 3189: 3186:. Princeton. 3185: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3136: 3125: 3124: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3061:"Preface" to 3058: 3055: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2873: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2755: 2752: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2711: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2681: 2670: 2663: 2660: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2628:0-300-10661-0 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2201:Akshaya Patra 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2068:Stargate SG-1 2064: 2061: 2059: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2018:Terry Gilliam 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2002: 2001:Indiana Jones 1998: 1997: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839:Harry Dresden 1836: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1758:Louvre museum 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1621:War in Heaven 1618: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1523:Alexa Wilding 1520: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1480:and its 2006 1479: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1415:Henry Lincoln 1412: 1411:Richard Leigh 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1383: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1276:Die Gralsburg 1273: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1088:Metamorphoses 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1000: 999: 994: 993:Jessie Weston 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 954: 952: 950: 949: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 901: 900:Arthur Hughes 897: 893: 886: 884: 882: 878: 877:Lapis exillis 874: 870: 866: 858: 856: 853: 849: 840: 838: 836: 832: 827: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 792: 790: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 764: 760: 756: 753: 749: 745: 741: 738: 734: 733: 732: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 707: 703: 699: 695: 694: 689: 686: 685: 681: 678: 677: 673: 672:Welsh romance 670: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 650:Munsalvaesche 647: 643: 642: 638: 635: 634: 629: 626: 621: 616: 610: 605: 604: 598: 595: 591: 588: 584: 583: 579: 578: 577: 574: 572: 568: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 537: 535: 533: 528: 523: 522: 517: 516:Thomas Malory 512: 506: 500: 495: 490: 483: 477: 471: 465: 464: 459: 458:Ancient Greek 454: 448: 442: 436: 430: 426: 422: 417: 413: 408: 404: 399: 393: 389: 384: 375: 373: 371: 367: 363: 359: 358: 353: 352: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 316: 311: 306: 301: 299: 295: 294: 289: 285: 281: 280: 275: 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 211: 207: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 181: 177: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 125: 120: 117: 114: 110: 107: 104: 100: 97: 96: 92: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 64: 63: 58: 53: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 4101:Loathly lady 4058:Bibliography 3912: 3892:Twrch Trwyth 3641:Blanchefleur 3272: 3249: 3230: 3204: 3197: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3150:, retrieved 3148:, 2013-04-18 3144: 3138: 3128:, retrieved 3126:, 2013-01-25 3122: 3116: 3083: 3075: 3070: 3062: 3057: 3045:. Retrieved 3035: 3025: 3017: 3012: 2998: 2984: 2976: 2971: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2852:. Retrieved 2848: 2838: 2829: 2820: 2811: 2802: 2793: 2784: 2775: 2754: 2733: 2715: 2710: 2705:Barber 2004. 2701: 2680:cite journal 2662: 2637: 2619: 2614: 2606: 2601: 2592: 2584: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2555: 2550: 2541: 2532: 2524: 2519: 2514:(in French). 2500: 2495: 2490:Loomis 1991. 2486: 2478: 2473: 2465: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2434: 2411: 2402: 2394: 2389: 2367: 2356: 2348: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2305: 2288: 2278:December 18, 2276:. Retrieved 2266: 2229:Holy Chalice 2207:Arma Christi 2179: 2172:Detectorists 2170: 2161: 2152: 2135: 2126: 2119: 2109: 2101: 2091: 2067: 2056: 2043: 2034: 2021: 1994: 1982: 1979:John Boorman 1970: 1964: 1956: 1944: 1928: 1927:and Brown's 1919:made into a 1916: 1906: 1904: 1893: 1872: 1861: 1853: 1833: 1822: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1795:Fall of Acre 1790: 1784: 1767: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1720: 1710: 1697: 1686: 1682: 1665: 1655: 1638: 1632: 1628: 1620: 1607: 1595: 1584: 1578: 1567: 1557: 1551: 1542:William Dyce 1527: 1512: 1506: 1496: 1475: 1450: 1446: 1428: 1422: 1404: 1388: 1375: 1372:Munsalväsche 1365: 1353: 1324: 1289: 1279: 1275: 1230: 1199: 1178:Sacro Catino 1176: 1174: 1155: 1140: 1120: 1106:Holy Chalice 1086: 1065: 1053:Henry Corbin 1040: 1026: 1010: 996: 958: 946: 944: 927: 923: 908:divine grace 905: 895: 876: 864: 862: 847: 844: 821: 819: 814: 802: 798: 796: 786: 778: 768: 751: 747: 743: 736: 730: 724: 712: 700:), in which 697: 691: 690:German poem 682: 674: 653: 639: 631: 618: 602: 580: 575: 564: 519: 494:John Hardyng 491: 379: 355: 349: 346:Holy Chalice 308: 302: 291: 277: 273: 269: 267: 235:Graal Santel 218: 216: 210:Grail Castle 153:Grail Maiden 93: 76: 60: 32:Holy Chalice 4216:Magic items 4010:Joyous Gard 3968:Brocéliande 3928:Round Table 3756:Leodegrance 3726:Gwenhwyfach 3455:Round Table 3353:Constantine 3323:King Arthur 3269:(in French) 3231:In Our Time 3047:21 November 2560:Hatto, A.T. 2142:Nosy Boraha 1829:Jim Butcher 1805:(2006) and 1694:Umberto Eco 1575:T. S. Eliot 1463:Merovingian 1292:Glastonbury 1249:silver-gilt 1241:Glastonbury 1233:Nanteos Cup 1218:Saint Peter 1210:Greco-Roman 1022:Virgin Mary 989:Alfred Nutt 852:Last Supper 811:Fisher King 783:Last Supper 658:Benedictine 623: [ 607: [ 524:, in which 412:Old Catalan 403:Old Occitan 330:Last Supper 313: [ 263:Fisher King 227:Saint Graal 202:Affiliation 149:Fisher King 4191:Holy Grail 4185:Categories 3913:Holy Grail 3882:Petitcrieu 3463:Bagdemagus 3226:Holy Grail 3152:2023-07-04 3130:2021-12-09 2854:2022-05-28 2717:Arthuriana 2258:References 2212:Cornucopia 2181:Mrs. Davis 2163:The Office 2102:Knightfall 2083:featuring 2077:Holy Grail 2075:The song " 2005:his father 1937:Ron Howard 1850:Jack Vance 1827:series by 1548:Literature 1339:Midlothian 1284:Hans Thoma 1237:Rhydyfelin 1136:Holy Lance 1132:True Cross 998:Mabinogion 967:and later 757:Verses by 711:The Prose 684:Perlesvaus 662:Montserrat 388:Old French 219:Holy Grail 145:his sister 102:Created by 4211:Cauldrons 4116:Pendragon 3908:Excalibur 3877:Gringolet 3851:Vortigern 3786:Maleagant 3761:Lohengrin 3656:Brunor(s) 3651:Brangaine 3573:Sagramore 3563:Pellinore 3553:Palamedes 3398:Guinevere 3393:Gingalain 2187:MacGuffin 2146:La Buse's 2093:Persona 5 2070:season 10 2036:Babylon 5 1984:Excalibur 1933:2006 film 1921:1954 film 1834:Skin Game 1746:sang real 1699:Baudolino 1687:Guenevere 1656:The Quest 1625:Taliessin 1472:Dan Brown 1451:sang real 1447:san greal 1424:Chronicle 1391:Otto Rahn 1327:Montségur 1187:Crusaders 1148:Byzantium 1045:Carl Jung 1029:Emma Jung 973:Eucharist 961:cauldrons 763:Provençal 698:The Crown 693:Diu Crône 666:Catalonia 527:sang real 511:sang réal 505:san-gréal 499:san-graal 380:The word 376:Etymology 328:from the 195:Wasteland 18:The Grail 4051:In media 4035:Tintagel 4025:Lyonesse 4000:Corbenic 3990:Celliwig 3980:Caerleon 3841:Taliesin 3796:Meliodas 3731:Hellawes 3691:Feirefiz 3661:Catigern 3601:Agrestes 3568:Percival 3533:Lancelot 3513:Galehaut 3468:Bedivere 3423:Morgause 3343:Agravain 3325:and the 3260:Archived 2726:abstract 2556:Parzival 2508:Archived 2368:chettler 2194:See also 2012:MacGyver 1972:Spamalot 1908:Parsifal 1619:' novel 1577:'s poem 1514:Parsifal 1376:Parzival 1322:groups. 1320:Neopagan 1296:Somerset 1195:Napoleon 1079:Achelous 1014:Pyrenees 920:Corbenic 912:Lancelot 865:Parzival 822:un graal 750:and the 748:Lancelot 713:Lancelot 706:Perceval 641:Parzival 603:Perceval 555:Percival 485:meaning 441:cratalis 429:gradalis 332:, which 293:Parzival 179:Function 141:Perceval 3985:Camelot 3951:Astolat 3923:Prydwen 3918:Pridwen 3901:Objects 3806:Nentres 3751:Laudine 3736:Hengist 3716:Guiomar 3706:Gorlois 3666:Claudas 3616:Annowre 3596:Accolon 3578:Tristan 3558:Pelleas 3548:Moriaen 3528:Lamorak 3523:Griflet 3518:Geraint 3508:Galahad 3503:Dinadan 3493:Dagonet 3488:Caradoc 3413:Mordred 3403:Igraine 3378:Gaheris 3358:Culhwch 3248:at the 3234:at the 2979:. Faber 2722:Article 2505:POZ #76 2118:In the 2108:In the 1898:at the 1635:(1938). 1566:' book 1316:New Age 1085:in the 721:Galahad 547:Galahad 435:gradale 421:Occitan 247:Cornish 185:subject 165:Galahad 65:element 4079:Topics 4068:comics 4030:Sarras 4020:Logres 3956:Avalon 3943:Places 3872:Cavall 3836:Sebile 3831:Rience 3801:Merlin 3776:Lunete 3771:Lucius 3741:Iseult 3543:Lionel 3538:Lanval 3498:Daniel 3483:Cligès 3478:Brunor 3388:Gawain 3383:Gareth 3335:Family 3211: 3190: 2626: 2397:, 1986 2189:ever". 1596:Poetry 1503:(1861) 1413:, and 1331:Cathar 1300:Avalon 1286:(1899) 1204:is an 1166:Troyes 1143:Arculf 1100:Relics 1057:Eranos 991:, and 916:Elaine 902:(1870) 771:salver 752:Queste 723:. The 702:Gawain 633:Merlin 601:Didot 482:gradus 476:cratis 470:κρᾱτήρ 463:krater 453:cratus 447:crater 416:gresal 407:grazal 326:vessel 231:Breton 223:French 206:Avalon 173:Morgan 137:Owners 84:(1874) 45:, and 3856:Yniol 3816:Olwen 3701:Garel 3686:Enide 3443:Yvain 3438:Urien 3363:Ector 3348:Cador 2672:(PDF) 2503:, in 2245:Sampo 2081:Jay-Z 2079:" by 2031:Grail 1843:Hades 1818:west. 1455:Jesus 1282:) by 1206:agate 1127:relic 1035:used 1002:' 963:from 815:graal 627:] 611:] 425:Latin 398:greal 392:graal 383:graal 322:Jesus 317:] 298:trope 274:greal 270:graal 255:motif 239:Welsh 183:Quest 112:Genre 55:Grail 3373:Hoel 3209:ISBN 3188:ISBN 3049:2012 2724:and 2693:help 2624:ISBN 2280:2017 2111:Fate 2003:and 1631:and 1540:and 1435:hoax 1318:and 1257:León 1200:The 1134:and 1083:Ovid 1075:horn 1031:and 914:and 742:The 630:and 599:The 592:The 553:and 551:Bors 502:(or 410:and 251:Gral 217:The 169:Bors 143:and 127:Type 3766:Lot 3626:Ban 3408:Kay 3236:BBC 3228:on 2055:In 1935:by 1923:by 1852:'s 1606:'s 1602:In 1499:by 1419:BBC 1337:in 1294:in 1259:’s 898:by 863:In 664:in 644:by 450:or 432:or 395:or 340:at 324:'s 307:in 272:or 257:in 171:), 155:), 80:by 4187:: 3091:: 2847:. 2763:^ 2742:^ 2684:: 2682:}} 2678:{{ 2650:^ 2630:. 2558:. 2420:^ 2375:^ 2366:, 2321:, 2297:^ 1939:. 1831:, 1681:' 1627:, 1570:. 1484:. 1409:, 1263:. 1172:. 1150:; 1138:. 1091:. 1004:s 987:, 942:. 883:. 785:. 625:fr 609:fr 573:. 549:, 534:. 372:. 364:, 315:fr 249:: 245:, 241:: 237:, 233:: 229:, 225:: 208:, 167:, 159:, 151:, 41:, 3315:e 3308:t 3301:v 3215:. 3051:. 3006:. 2992:. 2857:. 2695:) 2691:( 2674:. 2282:. 2060:, 1975:. 1789:( 1776:. 1760:. 1674:. 1647:. 1599:. 1278:( 926:( 801:( 739:. 696:( 668:. 652:( 636:. 589:. 487:" 467:( 221:( 163:( 49:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index