84:, which included a mansion house, fields, orchards, gardens, and woodland; this property was influential throughout Smart’s later life. From the age of four until eleven, he spent much time around the farms, but varying reports of his level of participation during the day-to-day activities lead some to speculations that he sat out during most of the work and possibly suffered from asthma attacks. However, not all scholars agree that he was a "sickly youth." Instead, there is substantial evidence to suggest that Smart spent his time enjoying the country side and immersing himself in the nature around East Barming.
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intimate background with farming methods for their respective industries, and they both relied on scientific techniques that were shown to work in their respective communities. To view the poem as a satire would be incorrect, because "One should hesitate to consider agricultural methodology 'the nub' of Smart’s poem."
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as a satire and believed that
Mounsey's chapter underestimated Philip's background. Furthermore, as Pellicer claims, there would be no need for a dispute to be made over farming methods, and Smart is instead writing a poem that complements Philip's instead of satirizes it. Philips, like Smart, had an
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is split into two books totaling 733 lines (429 lines and 304 lines respectively) and written in
Miltonic blank verse. It may have been expected that Smart would rely on Augustan rhyming couplets for his poem, even though Pope stated that Miltonic language might be inappropriate for a pastoral theme.
369:
Among Smart's biographers, the quality of the work is very debatable: Arthur Sherbo claims that the work "is remarkable for the poorness of the blank verse and the stilted
Latinate quality of its language" while Chris Mounsey responds, "Possibly because of its complexity, allied to the fact that it
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With these words Smart also introduces the georgic basis of the poem and that he would "teach" how to farm hops in order to use them to flavor alcoholic drinks. However, Smart does more than "teach in verse
Miltonian" as he relies on various forms and styles to "express a variety of viewpoints."
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does not meet with the expectations of most readers of Smart, the poem has hitherto been ill interpreted." However, they both agree that the work provides valuable insight into Smart's earlier years and portrays nature and farming in a realistic manner.
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Part of the motivation to dedicating such a large portion of the poem to a discussion about
Wheeler comes from his relationship with the writing of the poem; Smart showed an early version of the first book to Wheeler in 1743 before Wheeler's death.
63:
While the poem deals with natural and scientific principles, there is a strong autobiographical tendency. While the poem marks Smart's classical and Latin influences, it also reveals Smart's close association and influence with
323:(1708). By mocking the use of poetry for praise in the poem's epigram, Smart sets the stage for his work to satirize a previous work that indulged too much in a desire for praise, and, as Mounsey points out, Philip's
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350:, friend of Smart, joked about the poem as proof that "one could say a great deal about cabbage." However, not everyone was as playful, and one of Smart's later literary opponents,
315:. However, this examination admittedly does not focus on the poem as a georgic, but emphasizes an Augustan nature of the poem, especially its potential as a satirical attack upon
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189:, a year after starting. In particular, Smart was working on the poem when Theophilus died, and he dedicated a portion of the second book to his memory:
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331:. The main point of criticism by Smart against Philip would be Philip's use of "Roman" farming methods instead of "up-to-date scientific methods".
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administration of the
British Parliament. The poem, in essence, is anti-Hanoverian, although he would later change this view.
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366:, that guided the future negative reception of the poem that Chris Mounsey describes as a "litany of abuse".
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river that runs through the area was of particular interest to Smart as a young boy, and it is remembered in
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Pellicer, Juan
Christian. "Christopher Smart's The Hop-Garden: A Satirical Parody of John Philips's Cyder?"
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garden, and, in the
Virgilian tradition, attempts to instruct the audience in how to farm hops properly.
115:, had 751 subscribers and sold 851 of 1,000 printed copies, even though it sold for ten shillings each.
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In Chris
Mounsey's biography of Christopher Smart, the fourth chapter is devoted to an examination of
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While the poem discusses farming methods, it also expresses a "'Patriot' hostility" to
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One of such as his mention of his deceased friend, Theophilus
Wheeler, who died at
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The Poetical Works of Christopher Smart, IV: Miscellaneous Poems English and Latin
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However, Smart does not hide this fact; instead, he emphasizes it when he says:
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629:, edited by Clement Hawes, 177-194. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1999. 308 pp.
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In 1726, Peter Smart, Christopher Smart's father, purchased Hall-Place in
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to attack the poem. It was this review, even after Smart's reply in
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along with mention few of Smart's other poems. The first edition of
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was an earlier poem that shared alcoholic agriculture-subject of
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is a personal work and contains many biographical references.
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ed. G. B. Hill, 6 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1934-1950.
657:. Ed. Karina Williamson. Oxford: Clarendon, 1987. 440 pp.
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What flattering tales thou told'st me? How thou'dst hail
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poetic form, especially with the reliance on Miltonic
636:. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2001. 342 pp.
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However, Juan Pellicer reviewed Mounsey's theory of
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625:Keymer, Thomas. "Johnson, Madness, and Smart." In
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251:I'll muse on thee full pensive; while her streams
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221:He's gone! and ought that's equal to his praise
650:Michigan State University Press, 1967. 303 pp.
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226:Fame has not for me, tho' she prove most kind.
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648:Christopher Smart: Scholar of the University.
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211:All in my hopland groves! Stay yet, oh stay!
286:Serpentine vines and flowing locks of gold.
281:The hopland shades, that on her bank expose
266:The weeping shores - or else accordant with
236:These tears, the last sad duty of a friend.
216:Thou dear deluder, thou hast seen but half-
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129:Under what sign to pluck the crop, and how
231:Howe'er this verse be sacred to thy name,
627:Christopher Smart and the Enlightenment
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134:To cure, and in capacious sacks infold,
103:, included plates from Smart's friends
256:Regardful ever of my grief, shall flow
246:Of recollection; oft on Medway's banks
241:Oft I'll indulge the pleasurable pain
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276:Make melancholy music to the shades,
271:My loud laments, shall ever and anon
206:My Muse, and took'st imaginary walks
196:THEOPHILUS, thou dear departed soul,
746:Hymns for the Amusement of Children
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620:The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
354:, was one of the first to review
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261:In sullen silence silverly along
113:Poems on Several Occasions, 1752
101:Poems on Several Occasions, 1752
43:Poems on Several Occasions, 1752
643:51, 249, 4 (Dec. 2004): 400-06.
634:Christopher Smart: Clown of God
1:
358:; Hill used his piece in the
870:Poetry by Christopher Smart
187:Christ's College, Cambridge
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808:Poems on Several Occasions
139:I teach in verse Miltonian
111:. The original edition of
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739:Hymns and Spiritual Songs
733:Hymn to the Supreme Being
45:. The poem is rooted the
16:Poem by Christopher Smart
294:Book the Second, 25-43)
41:was first published in
804:Mrs Midnight's Oratory
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588:Boswell II p. 454-455
147:Book the First, 4-6).
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653:Smart, Christopher.
54:Augustan literature
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343:Critical reception
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641:Notes and Queries
39:Christopher Smart
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360:Monthly Review
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777:Misc. poetry
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450:Sherbo p. 81
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422:Sherbo p. 12
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387:John Philips
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792:The Hilliad
404:Sherbo p. 6
364:The Hilliad
70:blank verse
865:1752 poems
859:Categories
613:References
76:Background
727:Abimelech
352:John Hill
47:Virgilian
837:See also
381:Bucolics
374:See also
165:Carteret
66:Miltonic
875:Humulus
169:Compton
161:Walpole
50:georgic
816:(1763)
810:(1752)
721:Hannah
487:p. 416
307:Satire
89:Medway
814:Poems
699:Works
393:Notes
325:Cyder
321:Cyder
99:, in
724:and
107:and
87:The
52:and
319:'s
58:hop
37:by
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563:^
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684:e
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