107:. The novel is critical of Japan's role in the war. According to Naoko Shimazu, the novel is unique in that it portrays Japan as the aggressor during the war, and how the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese people themselves were victimized by those actions. Shimazu said that the novel was important for "purify the Japanese from their polluted past, by expressing their deeply held anger".
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96:. It was first published in Japan in 1958. The novel was an immediate bestseller and sold 2.4 million copies within its first three years after being published.
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Yoshikuni
Igarashi (2002). "Review: The Victim as Hero: Ideologies of Peace and National Identity in Postwar Japan by James J. Orr".
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Shimazu, N. (2003). "Popular
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critics in Japan criticized the novel's "sentimental humanism".
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Homecomings: The
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