501:. During her stint as an assistant secretary of education, she was tasked to develop national standards, even though the federal government did not have the authority to make the states adopt them. By 2007, Ravitch no longer accepted the free-market components of education reform. She continued to work with Hirsch calling for more attention to curriculum and instruction. In 2008 she became a co-chair of the board of the newly created Common Core, Inc. Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the research-based Curriculum Maps project presented a "comprehensive, coherent sequence of thematic curriculum units connecting the skills outlined in the CCSS with suggested student objectives, texts, activities, and much more".
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revise them after they were published. States could add up to 15 percent additional content, but could subtract or change nothing. It was a missed opportunity to do it right. The toxicity of the Common Core standards persuaded me that it is fruitless to rely on national curriculum standards as a solution to education problems.
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Every school should have a well-conceived, coherent curriculum. A curriculum is not a script, but a set of general guidelines. Students should regularly engage in the study and practice of the liberal arts and sciences: history, literature, geography, the sciences, civics, mathematics, the arts, and
484:
was a national bestseller. She describes in detail the policies that are needed to improve the lives of children and families, based on research, and beginning with prenatal care for all pregnant women. Data show that the U.S. lags other nations in providing prenatal care and high-quality preschool,
370:
emphasized a common culture but one that incorporated the contributions of all racial and ethnic groups so that they can believe in their full membership in
America’s past, present, and future. She envisioned elimination of allegiance to any specific racial and/or ethnic group, with emphasis instead
358:
review summarizes
Ravitch's thesis as "pressure groups from the political right and left have wrested control of the language and content of textbooks and standardized exams, often at the expense of the truth (in the case of history), of literary quality (in the case of literature), and of education
543:
The fundamental error of the Common Core standards is that they were written by a small group of people without the involvement of classroom teachers and scholars in the respective fields. They were written with remarkable speed but without any public review process. There were no means by which to
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practiced by charters, and other poor results that diverted funding from public schools into private hands. High-stakes testing, "utopian" goals, "draconian" penalties, school closings, privatization, and charter schools didn't work, she concluded. "The best predictor of low academic performance is
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In the original edition of this book, I expressed my view that the nation needs national standards. I thought that the culture wars of the 1990s are behind us. I believed that common sense would prevail and that professionals in every field could agree on the knowledge and skills that all citizens
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as the main causes of low student achievement. Ravitch claims that the Common Core "was a rush job, and the final product ignored the needs of children with disabilities, English-language learners and those in the early grades". She says that the country needs "schools where all children have the
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and relying on superstar teachers. She wrote, "I no longer believe that either approach will produce the quantum improvement in
American education that we all hope for." On her blog, she often cited low-performing charters, frauds, corruption, incompetent charter operators, exclusionary policies
467:
program, Ravitch said in a 2011 interview it "is an extension of No Child Left Behind ... all bad ideas." She concluded "We are destroying our education system, blowing it up by these stupid policies. And handing the schools in low-income neighborhoods over to private entrepreneurs does not, in
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In April 2012, Ravitch launched an education policy blog, posting up to ten times daily. Her blog is one of the leading education forums in the world, having received more than 36 million page views. She supports the importance of professional teachers and democratic public schools, and she
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477:(2010), which became a surprise best seller. One reviewer noted that "Ravitch exhibits an interesting mix of support for public education and the rights of teachers to bargain collectively with a tough-mindedness that some on the pedagogical left lack."
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Nations such as Japan and
Finland have developed excellent curricula that spell out what students are supposed to learn in a wide variety of subjects. If we are willing to learn from top-performing nations, we should establish a substantive
401:. Klein credited balanced literacy with raising the city’s fourth-grade reading scores. Ravitch rebutted that claim by noting that the rise in reading scores occurred in 2002—before Klein became chancellor and implemented balanced literacy.
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that declares our intention to educate all children in the full range of liberal arts and sciences, as well as physical education. The curriculum would designate the essential knowledge and skills that students need to learn.
569:) in 1960; they divorced in 1986. While her husband worked in the family business, she stayed home and raised three sons, the second of whom, Steven, died of leukemia aged two; his brothers went to private schools.
339:(1974) is a history of New York City public schools. It described alternating eras of centralization and decentralization. It also tied periodic controversies over public education to periodic waves of immigration.
404:
At the same time
Ravitch said that she could not bring herself to believe in "the science of reading". According to her, "there is no 'science of mathematics,' no 'science of science,' no 'science of history'".
380:
Ravitch said that she "supports the teaching of phonics when appropriate". She was critical of the then New York mayor
Michael Bloomberg who, after taking control over New York public schools, replaced
576:. Her longtime companion is Mary Butz, a retired New York City public school principal who also administered a progressive principal-training program. She and Butz were married on December 12, 2012.
1879:"AFT Secretary Treasurer Toni Cortese was one of the many 'educators' who served on the group pushing Common Core and funded by Bill Gates... Barbara Byrd Bennett was one of the group's trustees..."
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itself, improve them. There's plenty of evidence by now that the kids in those schools do no better, and it's simply a way of avoiding their - the public responsibility to provide good education."
188:
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same chance to learn. That doesn’t require national standards or national tests, which improve neither teaching nor learning, and do nothing to help poor children at racially segregated schools".
195:. In 2010, she became "an activist on behalf of public schools". Her blog at DianeRavitch.net has received more than 36 million page views since she began blogging in 2012. Ravitch writes for the
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in general." Publishers Weekly wrote: "Ravitch contends that these sanitized materials sacrifice literary quality and historical accuracy in order to escape controversy."
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From 1994 to 2020, Ravitch was
Research Professor of Education at New York University’s Steinhardt School of Culture, Human Development, and Education.
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criticizes high-stakes standardized tests and privatization of public schools by privately-managed charters and vouchers for private schools.
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Ravitch said that the charter school and testing reform movement was started by billionaires and "right wing think tanks like
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2015:
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Apple, Michael W. "What Do Our 17- Year Olds Know? A Report on the First
National Assessment of History and Literature"
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293:; she was a member of NAGB from 1997 to 2004. From 1995 to 2005 she held the Brown Chair in Education Studies at the
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which is a foundation dedicated to fighting against educational corporate reforms. Since
President Trump appointed
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During the 1980s, Ravitch began calling for voluntary national standards in education. She became associated with
597:
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197:
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Jeynes, William H. "Immigration in the United States and the golden years of education: Was
Ravitch right?."
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183:(born July 1, 1938) is a historian of education, an educational policy analyst, and a research professor at
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1914:
The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Are Undermining Education
1897:
The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Are Undermining Education
1397:
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The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Are Undermining Education
294:
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Amazon.com Review: The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn: Diane Ravitch
302:
Ravitch participated in a "blog debate" called "Bridging Differences" with Steinhardt School colleague
2313:
2297:
414:
449:" for the purpose of destroying public education and teachers' unions. She reviewed the documentary
289:
appointed her to serve as a member of the National Assessment Governing Board, which supervises the
1993:
1617:"Nancy Bailey: There Can Be No 'Science of Reading' When Libraries and Librarians Are Disappearing"
958:
Slaying Goliath: The Passionate Resistance to Privatization and the Fight to Save America's Schools
523:
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252:
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What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know: A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature
506:
The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Undermine Education
474:
The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Undermine Education
2173:
945:
Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America's Public Schools
573:
482:
Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and Its Danger to America’s Public Schools
347:
260:
2210:
Diane Ravitch: No Child Left Behind Has Left US Schools with Legacy of "Institutionalized Fraud"
485:
but leads other advanced nations in rates of child poverty and inequality of wealth and income.
1955:
531:
In September 2010, Ravitch left Common Core, Inc., becoming disillusioned by the Gates’-funded
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Laukaitis, John. "Ravitch reversed: Ideology and the history of American education reform."
1989:
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In 2013, Ravitch joined forces with writer and former teacher, Anthony Cody, to create the
1108:
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Grawemeyer Award in Education for Death and Life of the Great American School System, 2014
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attempts to stifle the study and expression of views deemed unworthy by those groups. The
282:
123:
1750:"Re-education: Conservative education scholar Diane Ravitch returns to her liberal roots"
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on our common humanity, our shared national identity, and our individual accomplishments.
213:, where she went to public schools from kindergarten through high school graduation from
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1960:
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1440:"Working Families Party eyeing Diane Ravitch as possible challenger against Gov. Cuomo"
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Distinguished Service Award, National Association of Secondary School Principals, 2011
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with Bill Bennett, Ronald Nessen, Diane Ravitch, and Donna Shalala, September 11, 2000
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1861:"A Great Minds (Common Core, Inc.) History: Eureka Math, Wit & Wisdom, and More"
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Ravitch's writings on racial and cultural diversity were summarized by sociologist
327:
as Secretary of Education, membership in NPE has increased from 22,000 to 330,000.
271:
17:
2023:
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30:"The Language Police" redirects here. For entities referred to by that term, see
2209:
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893:
Forgotten Heroes of American Education: The Great Tradition of Teaching Teachers
535:. The 3rd edition of the book, published in 2016, changed the tone accordingly:
460:
324:
971:
Ravitch has published hundreds of articles in scholarly and popular journals.
390:
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247:
237:
1576:"The Language Police, Vintage Ser., Diane Ravitch, Book - Barnes & Noble"
1201:
1073:
American Association of School Administrators, American Education Award, 2011
2100:
2059:
Brinkley, Alan. "All Things to All People: Fifty Years of American Schools"
1309:
2122:
1831:
1095:
Politico 50, one of the 50 people whose ideas are shaping our society, 2014
1025:
Award for Distinguished Service, New York Academy of Public Education, 1994
2280:
2245:
2088:
Evans, Ronald W. "Diane Ravitch and the revival of history: A critique."
1083:
709:
Schools in Cities: Consensus and Conflict in American Educational History
695:
The Revisionists Revised: A Critique of the Radical Attack on the Schools
320:
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magazine. In 1975, she became a historian of education with a PhD from
81:
2399:
Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development faculty
1092:
Winner from the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2011
919:
EdSpeak: A Glossary of Education Terms, Phrases, Buzzwords, and Jargon
2230:
880:
The Language Police: How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn
671:
648:
628:
605:
2117:
Machtinger, Howard. "The Death and Life of American School Reform."
1057:
John Dewey Award, United Federation of Teachers, New York City, 2005
2169:"BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Young Minds Force-Fed With Indigestible Texts"
1028:
Horace Kidger Award, New England History Teachers Association, 1998
245:
Ravitch began her career as an editorial assistant at the liberal
471:
Repudiating the policies she had formerly espoused, Ravitch wrote
236:
85:
540:
needed. I did not make any recommendations about national tests.
1695:, State of Education, interview with Diane Ravitch, May 25, 2010
1015:
Medal of Distinction, Polish National Council of Education, 1991
2158:
2073:
Historical Studies in Education/Revue d'histoire de l'Ă©ducation
1076:
Outstanding Friend of Education Award, Horace Mann League, 2011
1735:
1610:
1608:
1335:"The Coronavirus Just Might End School Privatization Nonsense"
815:
New Schools for a New Century: The Redesign of Urban Education
222:
189:
Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development
513:
foreign languages, as well as health and physical education.
1526:"One Year In, Betsy DeVos Has Supercharged Teacher Activism"
906:
The English Reader: What Every Literate Person Needs to Know
802:
National Standards in American Education: A Consumer's Guide
722:
Against Mediocrity: The Humanities in America's High Schools
217:
in 1956. She is one of eight children. She is a graduate of
854:
Kid Stuff: Marketing Sex and Violence to America's Children
1872:
1870:
162:
2129:
Warren, Donald. "Education Reform in the Age of Policy."
429:
to fire teachers and close schools, as well as replacing
2141:
Zilversmit, Arthur. "Reform and Reaction in Education."
1854:
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Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas
666:
The Death and Life of the Great American School System
2257:
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1208:, accessed 2009-05-16. Document Number: H1000081288.
266:
Ravitch was appointed to public office by Presidents
789:
The American Reader : Words That Moved a Nation
417:, by 2010 Ravitch renounced her earlier support for
2135:
The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945-1980
2065:
The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945-1980
1930:"The Common Core Costs Billions and Hurts Students"
1284:"The Albert Shanker Institute - Board of Directors"
1009:
Rules Committee, 1988, for work on state curriculum
762:
The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945–1980
586:
169:
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1832:"New York Times Best Seller List October 13, 2013"
1171:The Inconvenient Truth Behind Waiting for Superman
1082:The Deborah W. Meier Hero in Education Award from
1012:Alumnae Achievement Award, Wellesley College, 1989
841:Left Back: A Century of Battles Over School Reform
867:Making Good Citizens: Education and Civil Society
209:Ravitch was born into a Jewish family in 1938 in
27:American historian and educational policy analyst
2071:Cohen, Sol. "Traditions of American Education."
1807:"Capital Comes Knocking at the Schoolhouse Door"
1386:
1384:
1310:"Gaudium Award 2005 - The Breukelein Institute"
681:The Great School Wars: New York City, 1805-1973
368:
1271:...only Jew in Brooklyn to have her own priest
2081:Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms
1601:(3 ed.). Sage Publications. p. 157.
1220:"Reflections on CUNY's Jeffries and the Jews"
1067:Uncommon Book Award, Hoover Institution, 2005
312:from February 26, 2007 until September 2012.
8:
2404:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
1160:Queens College, City University of New York
548:Ravitch turned her attention to poverty and
1669:"Why I Changed My Mind About School Reform"
1192:. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center.
291:National Assessment of Educational Progress
2349:George H. W. Bush administration personnel
1714:, November 11, 2010. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
1202:http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC
49:
38:
2020:John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
508:, published in 2010, Ravitch proclaimed:
2197:"Textbooks Distort History, Critic Says"
1748:Kahlenberg, Richard (March–April 2010).
2264:
1859:Schneider, Mercedes (October 6, 2019).
1738:, April 28, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
1182:
255:. At that time she worked closely with
191:. Previously, she was a U.S. Assistant
2221:Waiting for Superman: Fact or Fiction?
1218:Topek, Joseph S. (November 11, 1991).
1005:designated honorary citizen, State of
583:
1479:Ravitch, Diane (September 11, 2012).
425:. She critiqued the punitive uses of
399:New York City Department of Education
7:
2107:American Educational History Journal
1524:Klein, Rebecca (February 13, 2018).
285:from 1991 to 1993 and his successor
2359:Jewish American non-fiction writers
1877:Ohanian, Susan (October 24, 2015).
1114:Middlebury College Language Schools
828:City Schools: Lessons from New York
2339:American women non-fiction writers
1954:Denby, David (November 19, 2011).
1505:Carey, Kevin (November 23, 2011).
489:National standards and Common Core
25:
2133:(1984) 85#4 pp. 684-687. Reviews
2063:(1984) 54#4 pp. 452-459. Reviews
1917:(3rd ed.). pp. 249–250.
1900:(1st ed.). pp. 231–232.
1785:Stanford Social Innovation Review
1391:Goldstein, Dana (June 24, 2011).
1333:Ravitch, Diane (April 10, 2020).
1252:Green, Elizabeth (July 1, 2008).
1129:Saint Joseph's College (New York)
2419:Historians from New York (state)
2344:Clinton administration personnel
2324:American historians of education
2291:
2279:
2267:
2251:Library of Economics and Liberty
2195:Helfand, Duke (April 26, 2003).
1928:Ravitch, Diane (July 23, 2016).
1667:Ravitch, Diane (March 9, 2010).
1632:"A Is for Apple, B Is for Brawl"
1615:Ravitch, Diane (March 5, 2020).
1425:"The Education of Diane Ravitch"
655:
635:
612:
592:
276:Assistant Secretary of Education
139:
1805:Gallagher, Tom (May 31, 2014).
567:Lieutenant Governor of New York
346:(2003) was a criticism of both
135:
2394:Scholars of American education
2389:San Jacinto High School alumni
2223:BAM! Radio podcast discussion.
2159:Diane Ravitch official website
1630:Kolker, Robert (May 1, 2006).
1393:"Diane Ravitch, the Anti-Rhee"
1254:"Happy Birthday Diane Ravitch"
1000:American Philosophical Society
1:
2054:(Fall 1988) 90#1 pp. 123-127.
1706:"The Myth of Charter Schools"
1693:WNYC, The Leonard Lopate Show
1597:Parrillo, Vincent N. (2009).
1229:. Vol. 35, no. 20.
1206:Fairfax County Public Library
1090:Daniel Patrick Moynihan Prize
1070:NEA Friend of Education, 2010
1040:United Federation of Teachers
621:interview with Ravitch about
2429:Brookings Institution people
1711:The New York Review of Books
1481:"We Bridged Our Differences"
1139:State University of New York
1038:John Dewey Education Award,
735:Challenges to the Humanities
683:(1974, reissued 1988, 2000)
321:Network for Public Education
2143:Reviews in American History
2045:Further reading and reviews
1811:Los Angeles Review of Books
1779:Sapon-Shevin, Mara (2014).
1651:"Whole-Language High Jinks"
1438:Ken Lovett (May 28, 2014).
1190:Contemporary Authors Online
986:Ambassador of Honor Award,
641:Presentation by Ravitch on
2445:
2354:Jewish American historians
2329:American political writers
2319:American education writers
2061:Harvard Educational Review
1194:Farmington Hills, Michigan
1154:Columbia College, Chicago
664:interview with Ravitch on
153:Mary Butz (1988 - present)
29:
1035:School of Education, 1998
995:visiting scholar, 1984–85
654:
634:
611:
591:
413:Initially a proponent of
409:School choice and testing
174:
48:
2409:Wellesley College alumni
1990:"Faculty: Diane Ravitch"
1550:Tropea, Silvana (2003).
497:movement, championed by
205:Early life and education
198:New York Review of Books
2379:Educators from Brooklyn
2334:American women bloggers
2145:(1984) 12#2 pp.274-277
2131:Teachers College Record
2052:Teachers College Record
1911:Ravitch, Diane (2016).
1894:Ravitch, Diane (2010).
1781:"Stories out of School"
1157:Manhattanville College
1060:Gaudium Award from the
1053:New York Public Library
1051:Honorary Life Trustee,
1020:New York Public Library
998:Henry Allen Moe Prize,
447:The Heritage Foundation
215:San Jacinto High School
2241:"Ravitch on Education"
2109:44.1/2 (2017): 21-31.
2022:. 2014. Archived from
1754:The Washington Monthly
1649:Moats, Louisa (2007).
1462:"Bridging Differences"
988:English-Speaking Union
748:The Schools We Deserve
546:
529:
515:
373:
280:Secretary of Education
263:, who was her mentor.
242:
193:Secretary of Education
2424:Historians from Texas
2121:8.4 (2011): 115-132.
1398:Washington City Paper
1367:New York Review Books
1231:Stony Brook, New York
1046:Guggenheim fellowship
1033:St. John's University
1031:Award of Excellence,
565:(who later served as
537:
519:
510:
337:The Great School Wars
335:Ravitch's first book
295:Brookings Institution
240:
181:Diane Silvers Ravitch
2369:Jewish women writers
1837:. Hawes Publications
1599:Diversity in America
1468:. February 26, 2007.
1062:Breukelein Institute
598:Panel discussion of
452:Waiting for Superman
442:—not bad teachers."
415:No Child Left Behind
138: 1960;
2384:People from Houston
2097:Educational Studies
2092:80.3 (1989): 85-88.
1994:New York University
1673:Wall Street Journal
1405:on October 16, 2013
643:The Language Police
524:national curriculum
419:high-stakes testing
376:Reading instruction
364:Vincent N. Parrillo
344:The Language Police
253:Columbia University
227:Columbia University
185:New York University
102:Columbia University
18:The Language Police
2239:(April 12, 2010).
2174:The New York Times
2167:(April 29, 2003).
2026:on October 4, 2013
2016:"Diane S. Ravitch"
1934:The New York Times
1321:Gaudium Award 2005
1290:on August 19, 2008
574:Southold, New York
550:racial segregation
306:on the website of
261:Lawrence A. Cremin
243:
2414:HuffPost bloggers
2202:Los Angeles Times
2165:Kakutani, Michiko
2075:(2000): 169-181.
1956:"Public Defender"
1007:California Senate
981:Delta Kappa Gamma
940:978-0-465-01491-0
927:978-1-4166-0575-1
677:
676:
625:, October 8, 2000
572:Ravitch lives in
387:balanced literacy
331:Educational views
268:George H. W. Bush
219:Wellesley College
178:
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98:Wellesley College
16:(Redirected from
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1760:on March 1, 2010
1756:. Archived from
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1704:Ravitch, Diane,
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1401:. Archived from
1388:
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1286:. Archived from
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1149:Williams College
1103:Honorary degrees
983:Educators' Award
668:, March 10, 2010
659:
658:
639:
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616:
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584:
457:Davis Guggenheim
274:. She served as
257:Teachers College
165:
163:Official website
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78:
74:
72:
53:
39:
21:
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2304:
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2189:Language Police
2180:
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2014:
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2009:
1999:
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1530:Huffington Post
1523:
1522:
1518:
1507:"The Dissenter"
1504:
1503:
1492:
1478:
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1460:
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1442:. NY Daily News
1437:
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1422:
1418:
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1390:
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1362:"Diane Ravitch"
1360:
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1188:
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1109:Amherst College
1105:
1018:Literary Lion,
977:
656:
636:
613:
593:
587:External videos
582:
563:Richard Ravitch
559:
517:She continued:
491:
465:Race to the Top
435:charter schools
411:
378:
333:
283:Lamar Alexander
241:Ravitch c. 1980
235:
207:
161:
145:
142: 1986)
133:
129:
126:
124:Richard Ravitch
108:Political party
100:
94:Alma mater
89:
79:
76:
70:
68:
67:
66:
56:
55:Ravitch in 2011
44:
35:
32:Language police
28:
23:
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5:
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2255:
2233:
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2215:Democracy Now!
2207:
2192:
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2154:
2153:External links
2151:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2137:
2126:
2125:
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2093:
2090:Social Studies
2085:
2084:
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2007:
1974:
1961:The New Yorker
1946:
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1485:Education Week
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1466:Education Week
1453:
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1340:Education Week
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966:978-0525655374
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495:Core Knowledge
490:
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480:Her next book
455:, directed by
431:public schools
427:accountability
410:
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309:Education Week
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211:Houston, Texas
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2099:35.3 (2004).
2098:
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2030:September 19,
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2000:September 19,
1995:
1991:
1985:
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1144:Union College
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1134:Siena College
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901:1-59311-448-6
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888:0-375-41482-7
885:
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875:0-300-09917-7
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862:0-8018-7327-4
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753:
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730:0-8419-0944-X
727:
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717:0-8419-0850-8
714:
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704:0-465-06943-6
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689:0-8018-6471-2
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645:, May 6, 2003
644:
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557:Personal life
556:
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423:school choice
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305:
304:Deborah Meier
300:
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287:Richard Riley
284:
281:
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273:
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221:and earned a
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103:
99:
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92:
87:
83:
77:(age 86)
65:Diane Silvers
63:
59:
52:
47:
43:Diane Ravitch
40:
37:
33:
19:
2244:
2213:
2200:
2188:
2179:. Retrieved
2177:. p. E7
2172:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2051:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:the original
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1965:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1923:
1913:
1906:
1896:
1839:. Retrieved
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1753:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1709:
1700:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1662:
1644:
1635:
1625:
1598:
1592:
1579:. Retrieved
1570:
1551:
1545:
1535:February 27,
1533:. Retrieved
1529:
1519:
1511:New Republic
1510:
1484:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1433:
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1403:the original
1396:
1371:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1338:
1328:
1320:
1313:. Retrieved
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1288:the original
1278:
1270:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:New York Sun
1257:
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1233:. p. 13
1226:
1213:
1185:
1169:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1124:Reed College
970:
957:
944:
931:
918:
905:
892:
879:
866:
853:
840:
827:
814:
801:
788:
775:
760:
747:
734:
721:
708:
693:
680:
665:
661:
642:
622:
618:
599:
580:Bibliography
571:
561:She married
560:
547:
542:
538:
530:
520:
516:
511:
505:
504:In her book
503:
499:E. D. Hirsch
492:
481:
479:
472:
470:
450:
444:
412:
403:
379:
369:
361:
343:
341:
336:
334:
318:
314:
307:
301:
298:
272:Bill Clinton
265:
246:
244:
208:
196:
180:
179:
75:July 1, 1938
36:
2314:1938 births
2227:Appearances
2212:— video by
2187:(Review of
1967:October 23,
1728:Terry Gross
1409:October 12,
1373:December 4,
1204:. Fee via
662:After Words
533:Common Core
461:Arne Duncan
393:, the then
325:Betsy DeVos
2308:Categories
2079:; reviews
1561:0375414827
1178:References
395:chancellor
391:Joel Klein
389:helped by
356:Amazon.com
352:right-wing
259:president
248:New Leader
112:Democratic
71:1938-07-01
2286:Education
2274:Biography
1732:Fresh Air
1724:Interview
1554:. Knopf.
1346:April 14,
1227:Statesman
623:Left Back
619:Booknotes
600:Left Back
348:left-wing
342:Her book
2246:EconTalk
1939:March 5,
1764:March 2,
1678:June 24,
1636:New York
1200:, 2009.
1164:See also
1084:FairTest
2260:Portals
2181:May 16,
1841:July 6,
1816:July 6,
1790:July 6,
1581:May 16,
1446:May 28,
1315:May 16,
1294:May 16,
1265:May 16,
1237:May 16,
960:(2020)
947:(2013)
934:(2010)
921:(2007)
908:(2006)
895:(2006)
882:(2003)
869:(2003)
856:(2003)
843:(2000)
830:(2000)
817:(1997)
804:(1995)
791:(1990)
778:(1989)
765:(1983)
750:(1985)
737:(1985)
724:(1984)
711:(1983)
698:(1978)
440:poverty
397:of the
383:phonics
158:Website
150:Partner
144:
132:
128:
82:Houston
2231:C-SPAN
2147:online
2123:online
2111:online
2101:online
2083:(2000)
2077:online
1996:. 2014
1558:
1086:, 2011
1064:, 2005
1048:, 1977
1042:, 2005
1022:, 1992
1002:, 1986
975:Awards
964:
951:
938:
925:
912:
899:
886:
873:
860:
847:
834:
821:
808:
795:
782:
769:
754:
741:
728:
715:
702:
687:
672:C-SPAN
649:C-SPAN
629:C-SPAN
606:C-SPAN
278:under
233:Career
118:Spouse
88:, U.S.
1835:(PDF)
1726:with
1654:(PDF)
1223:(PDF)
433:with
385:with
225:from
170:Notes
134:(
130:
86:Texas
2183:2009
2032:2014
2002:2014
1969:2016
1941:2018
1843:2020
1818:2020
1792:2020
1766:2010
1680:2010
1583:2009
1556:ISBN
1537:2018
1448:2014
1411:2013
1375:2017
1348:2020
1317:2009
1296:2009
1267:2009
1239:2009
1198:Gale
962:ISBN
949:ISBN
936:ISBN
923:ISBN
910:ISBN
897:ISBN
884:ISBN
871:ISBN
858:ISBN
845:ISBN
832:ISBN
819:ISBN
806:ISBN
793:ISBN
780:ISBN
767:ISBN
752:ISBN
739:ISBN
726:ISBN
713:ISBN
700:ISBN
685:ISBN
421:and
350:and
270:and
140:div.
61:Born
2229:on
1736:NPR
463:'s
223:PhD
187:'s
2310::
2249:.
2243:.
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