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204:"The Man with a Hoe" was called by philosopher, novelist and peace activist Jay William Hudson "the battle-cry of the next thousand years". It has been translated into 37 languages, earning Markham about $ 250,000 over 33 years. After its publication, the poem's content, form, and language have captured the feelings and thoughts of people, drawing attention to social issues such as
212:. The poem also helped Markham's career. The poet became a much sought-after public speaker and his first book of poetry was immediately published to take advantage of the opportunities that became available after the poem established him as one of the American modern poets.
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in
January 1899 after its editor heard it at the same party. The poem was also reprinted in other newspapers across the United States due to a chorus of acclaim. It was used as the opening poem in Markham's 1902 collection
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The poem portrays the labor of much of humanity using the symbolism of a laborer leaning upon his hoe, burdened by his work, but receiving little rest or reward.
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The poem was first presented as a public poetry reading at a New Year's Eve party in 1898. It was soon published in the
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131: More tongued with censure of the world's blind greed —
192: When this dumb Terror shall rise to judge the world.
119: To trace the stars and search the heavens for power;
133: More filled with signs and portents for the soul —
112: Whose breath blew out the light within this brain?
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a painting interpreted as a socialist protest about the peasant's plight.
165: This monstrous thing distorted and soul-quenched?
148: Through this dread shape the suffering ages look;
156: Cries protest to the Powers that made the world.
123: Is this the Dream He dreamed who shaped the suns
110: Whose was the hand that slanted back this brow?
190: With those who shaped him to the thing he is —
186: When whirlwinds of rebellion shake all shores?
104: A thing that grieves not and that never hopes.
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A History of Modern Poetry: From the 1890s to the High
Modernist Mode
188: How will it be with kingdoms and with kings —
127: Down all the stretch of Hell to its last gulf
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while helping causes such as the revitalization of efforts pursuing
146: The rift of dawn, the reddening of the rose?
125: And marked their ways upon the ancient deep?
115: Is this the Thing the Lord God made and gave
171: Give back the upward looking and the light;
167: How will you ever straighten up this shape;
152: Through this dread shape humanity betrayed,
144: What the long reaches of the peaks of song,
129: There is no shape more terrible than this —
184: How answer his brute question in that hour
108: Who loosened and let down this brutal jaw?
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182: How will the Future reckon with this Man?
161: O masters, lords and rulers in all lands,
135: More fraught with menace to the universe.
102: Who made him dead to rapture and despair,
94: Bowed by the weight of centuries he leans
180: O masters, lords and rulers in all lands
140: Slave of the wheel of labor, what to him
138: What gulfs between him and the seraphim!
106: Stolid and stunned, a brother to the ox?
100: And on his back the burden of the world.
173: Rebuild in it the music and the dream,
163: Is this the handiwork you give to God,
154: Plundered, profaned, and disinherited,
150: Time's tragedy is in the aching stoop;
96: Upon his hoe and gazes on the ground,
194: After the silence of the centuries?
177: Perfidious wrongs, immedicable woes?
142: Are Plato and the swing of Pleiades?
175: Make right the immemorial infamies,
117: To have dominion over sea and land;
158: A protest that is also a prophecy.
98: The emptiness of ages in his face,
169: Touch it again with immortality;
121: To feel the passion of Eternity?
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Encyclopedia of
American Poetry: The nineteenth century
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30:"Bowed by the weight of centuries he leans
36:And on his back the burden of the world."
326:Haralson, Eric; Hollander, John (1998).
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74:The Man with a Hoe and Other Poems
34:The emptiness of ages in his face,
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234:The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles
230:"Man with a Hoe (Getty Museum)"
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295:San José State University
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256:Perkins, David (1976).
23:1898 Edwin Markham poem
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16:For the painting, see
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