The Merchant of Venice - Knowledge (XXG)

1029:: "But since she pricked thee out for women's pleasure,/ Mine be thy love, and my love's use their treasure." Antonio, says Auden, embodies the words on Portia's leaden casket: "Who chooseth me, must give and hazard all he hath." Antonio has taken this potentially fatal turn because he despairs, not only over the loss of Bassanio in marriage but also because Bassanio cannot requite what Antonio feels for him. Antonio's frustrated devotion is a form of idolatry: the right to live is yielded for the sake of the loved one. There is one other such idolator in the play: Shylock himself. "Shylock, however unintentionally, did, in fact, hazard all for the sake of destroying the enemy he hated, and Antonio, however unthinkingly he signed the bond, hazarded all to secure the happiness of the man he loved." Both Antonio and Shylock, agreeing to put Antonio's life at a forfeit, stand outside the normal bounds of society. There was, states Auden, a traditional "association of sodomy with usury", reaching back at least as far as 382:

what many men desire", as referring to Portia. The second suitor, the conceited Prince of Aragon, chooses the silver casket, which proclaims, "Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves", as he believes he is full of merit. Both suitors leave empty-handed, having rejected the lead casket because of the baseness of its material and the uninviting nature of its slogan, "Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath". The last suitor is Bassanio, whom Portia wishes to succeed, having met him before. As Bassanio ponders his choice, members of Portia's household sing a song that says that "fancy" (not true love) is "It is engendered in the eye, / With gazing fed"; Bassanio chooses the lead casket and wins Portia's hand.

1052:, however, who plays Bassanio, encouraged a homoerotic interpretation and, in fact, surprised Irons with the kiss on set, which was filmed in one take. Fiennes defended his choice, saying "I would never invent something before doing my detective work in the text. If you look at the choice of language ... you'll read very sensuous language. That's the key for me in the relationship. The great thing about Shakespeare and why he's so difficult to pin down is his ambiguity. He's not saying they're gay or they're straight, he's leaving it up to his actors. I feel there has to be a great love between the two characters ... there's great attraction. I don't think they have slept together but that's for the audience to decide." 944: 475: 1056: 845: 412:. Shylock refuses Bassanio's offer of 6,000 ducats, twice the amount of the loan. He demands his pound of flesh from Antonio. The Duke, wishing to save Antonio but unable to nullify a contract, refers the case to a visitor. He identifies himself as Balthazar, a young male "doctor of the law", bearing a letter of recommendation to the Duke from the learned lawyer Bellario. The doctor is Portia in disguise, and the law clerk who accompanies her is Nerissa, also disguised as a man. As Balthazar, Portia in a 639: 386: 5331: 931:

from the Christian characters. Detractors note that Shylock ends the speech with a tone of revenge: "if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?" Those who see the speech as sympathetic point out that Shylock says he learned the desire for revenge from the Christian characters: "If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me, I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction."

49: 597: 1148: 5977: 792: 447:" until Shylock's death, when the principal would be given to Lorenzo and Jessica. Antonio also asks that "for this favour" Shylock convert to Christianity and bequeath his entire estate to Lorenzo and Jessica. The Duke then threatens to recant his pardon of Shylock's life unless he accepts these conditions. Shylock, re-threatened with death, accepts with the words, "I am content." 312: 4526: 5987: 464: 685:– the entirely unsubstantiated antisemitic lie that Jews ritually murdered Christians to drink their blood and achieve salvation. In Venice and in some other places, Jews were required to wear a yellow or red hat at all times in public to make sure that they were easily identified, and had to live in a ghetto. 1260:

are cruelly abused by bigoted Christians. One of the last shots of the film also brings attention to the fact that, as a convert, Shylock would have been cast out of the Jewish community in Venice, no longer allowed to live in the ghetto. Another interpretation of Shylock and a vision of how "must he

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Bassanio does not recognise his disguised wife, but offers to give a present to the supposed lawyer. First she declines, but after he insists, Portia requests his ring and Antonio's gloves. Antonio parts with his gloves without a second thought, but Bassanio gives the ring only after much persuasion

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and half to Antonio, leaving his life at the mercy of the Duke. The Duke spares Shylock's life and says he may remit the forfeiture. Portia says the Duke may waive the state's share, but not Antonio's. Antonio says he is content that the state waive its claim to half Shylock's wealth if he can have

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At Venice, Antonio's ships are reported lost at sea, so the merchant cannot repay the bond. Shylock has become more determined to exact revenge from Christians because his daughter Jessica eloped with the Christian Lorenzo and converted. She took a substantial amount of Shylock's wealth with her, as

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Defeated, Shylock consents to accept Bassanio's offer of money for the defaulted bond: first his offer to pay "the bond thrice", which Portia rebuffs, telling him to take his bond, and then merely the principal; but Portia also prevents him from doing this, on the ground that he has already refused

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Thus, if Shylock were to shed any drop of Antonio's blood, his "lands and goods" would be forfeited under Venetian laws. She tells him that he must cut precisely one pound of flesh, no more, no less; she advises him that "if the scale do turn / But in the estimation of a hair, / Thou diest, and all

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stipulating that each of her suitors must choose correctly from one of three caskets, made of gold, silver and lead respectively. Whoever picks the right casket wins Portia's hand. The first suitor, the Prince of Morocco, chooses the gold casket, interpreting its slogan, "Who chooseth me shall gain

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of Antonio's flesh. Bassanio does not want Antonio to accept such a risky condition; Antonio is surprised by what he sees as the moneylender's generosity (no "usance" – interest – is asked for), and he signs the contract. With money in hand, Bassanio leaves for Belmont with his friend Gratiano, who

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magazine, Adler pointed out that Shylock is a wealthy man, "rich enough to forgo the interest on three thousand ducats" and that Antonio is "far from the chivalrous gentleman he is made to appear. He has insulted the Jew and spat on him, yet he comes with hypocritical politeness to borrow money of

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Even if Shakespeare did not intend the play to be read this way, the fact that it retains its power on stage for audiences who may perceive its central conflicts in radically different terms is an illustration of the subtlety of Shakespeare's characterisations. In the trial Shylock represents what

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One of the reasons for this interpretation is that Shylock's painful status in Venetian society is emphasised. To some critics, Shylock's celebrated "Hath not a Jew eyes?" speech redeems him and even makes him into something of a tragic figure; in the speech, Shylock argues that he is no different

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Many modern readers and theatregoers have read the play as a plea for tolerance, noting that Shylock is a sympathetic character. They cite as evidence that Shylock's "trial" at the end of the play is a mockery of justice, with Portia acting as a judge when she has no right to do so. The characters

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after standing surety for a friend's loan was a common tale in England in the late 16th century. In addition, the test of the suitors at Belmont, the merchant's rescue from the "pound of flesh" penalty by his friend's new wife disguised as a lawyer, and her demand for the betrothal ring in payment

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At Belmont, Portia and Nerissa taunt and pretend to accuse their husbands before revealing they were really the lawyer and his clerk in disguise (V). After all the other characters make amends, Antonio learns from Portia that three of his ships were not stranded and have returned safely after all.

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At Belmont, Bassanio receives a letter telling him that Antonio has been unable to repay the loan from Shylock. Portia and Bassanio marry, as do Gratiano and Portia's handmaid Nerissa. Bassanio and Gratiano leave for Venice, with money from Portia, to save Antonio's life by offering the money to

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and because Antonio's habit of lending money without interest forces Shylock to charge lower rates. Shylock is at first reluctant to grant the loan, citing abuse he has suffered at Antonio's hand. He finally agrees to lend the sum to Bassanio without interest upon one condition: if Antonio were

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Elizabethan Christians believed to be the Jewish desire for "justice", contrasted with their obviously superior Christian value of mercy. The Christians in the courtroom urge Shylock to love his enemies, although they themselves have failed in the past. Jewish critic

575:. (Later, Thomas Heyes' son and heir Laurence Heyes asked for and was granted a confirmation of his right to the play, on 8 July 1619.) The 1600 edition is generally regarded as being accurate and reliable. It is the basis of the text published in the 1623 926:

It is difficult to know whether the sympathetic reading of Shylock is entirely due to changing sensibilities among readers – or whether Shakespeare, a writer who created complex, multi-faceted characters, deliberately intended this reading.

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was established in 1997, referring to 'Belmont' as "a place of destiny where Portia's intelligence is at home." The eligibility for the award is encapsulated by the inscription on the play's lead casket, "Who chooses me must give and hazard all he hath."

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suggests that, although the play gives merit to both cases, the portraits are not even-handed: "Shylock's shrewd indictment of Christian hypocrisy delights us, but ... Shakespeare's intimations do not alleviate the savagery of his portrait of the Jew..."

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throughout the centuries bears the close imprint of Shylock. With slight variations much of English literature up until the 20th century depicts the Jew as "a monied, cruel, lecherous, avaricious outsider tolerated only because of his golden hoard".

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in 2016. The play continues the story of Shylock's daughter Jessica, who lives in an anti-semitic Venice and practices her Jewish faith in secret. Part of the BBC's Shakespeare Festival, the play also marked that 500 years had passed since the

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repeatedly asks Shylock to show mercy, advising him that mercy "is twice blest: / It blesseth him that gives and him that takes." However, Shylock adamantly refuses any compensations and insists on the pound of flesh.

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from Antonio, as earlier in the play he promised his wife never to lose, sell or give it. Nerissa, as the lawyer's clerk, succeeds in likewise retrieving her ring from Gratiano, who does not see through her disguise.

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As the court grants Shylock his bond and Antonio prepares for Shylock's knife, Portia deftly appropriates Shylock's argument for "specific performance". She says that the contract allows Shylock to remove only the

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in 1598, so it must have been familiar on the stage by that date. The title page of the first edition in 1600 states that it had been performed "divers times" by that date. Salerino's reference to his ship the

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describes Antonio as "a man whose emotional life, though his conduct may be chaste, is concentrated upon a member of his own sex." Antonio's feelings for Bassanio are likened to a couplet from Shakespeare's

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has asked to accompany him. Gratiano is a likeable young man, but he is often flippant, overly talkative, and tactless. Bassanio warns his companion to exercise self-control, and the two leave for Belmont.

1044:, explained that, although the film contains a scene where Antonio and Bassanio actually kiss, the friendship between the two is platonic, in line with the prevailing view of male friendship at the time. 702:. One interpretation of the play's structure is that Shakespeare meant to contrast the mercy of the main Christian characters with the Old Testament vengefulness of a Jew, who lacks the religious 635:

argued in 1998 that "one would have to be blind, deaf and dumb not to recognise that Shakespeare's grand, equivocal comedy The Merchant of Venice is nevertheless a profoundly anti-semitic work".

1978:) sisters. All of the characters come from those two plays with the exception of Jeff (a monkey); the gigantic simpleton Drool; and Pocket, the Fool, who comes from Moore's earlier novel 752:

created a character named Abraham Abrahams, who is quoted as saying, "I verily believe the odious character of Shylock has brought little less persecution upon us, poor scattered sons of

6452: 4278: 1820:(1976) is a reimagining of Shakespeare's story. In this retelling, Shylock and Antonio are friends and share a disdain for the crass anti-Semitism of the Christian community's laws. 770:, is portrayed sympathetically, as both a kindhearted and generous man. This was the first known attempt by a dramatist to reverse the negative stereotype that Shylock personified. 438:

it "in the open court". She cites a law under which Shylock, as a Jew and therefore an "alien", having attempted to take the life of a citizen, has forfeited his property, half to

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for Bassanio and is depressed because Bassanio is coming to an age where he will marry a woman. In his plays and poetry Shakespeare often depicted strong male bonds of varying

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on 22 July 1598 under the title "the Marchaunt of Venyce or otherwise called the Jewe of Venyce." On 28 October 1600 Roberts transferred his right to the play to the stationer

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Other interpreters of the play regard Auden's conception of Antonio's sexual desire for Bassanio as questionable. Michael Radford, director of the 2004 film version starring

2239: 345:, a wealthy merchant of Venice, who has previously and repeatedly bailed him out. Antonio agrees, but since he is cash-poor – his ships and merchandise are busy at sea to 4572: 3126: 964:

Antonio's unexplained depression – "In sooth I know not why I am so sad" – and utter devotion to Bassanio has led some critics to theorise that he is suffering from

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was based on the story of the play, with the scene changed to the Little Italy district of New York. It was performed in Edinburgh in 1974 and in a revised form at

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expressed doubts about this interpretation as early as 1709; Doggett's success in the role meant that later productions would feature the troupe clown as Shylock.

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him." Shylock's fatal flaw is to depend on the law, but "would he not walk out of that courtroom head erect, the very apotheosis of defiant hatred and scorn?"

3353: 3460: 1296:. Weber played Portia and Smalley, her husband, played Shylock. With this film, Weber became the first woman to direct a full-length feature film in America. 361:– he promises to cover a bond if Bassanio can find a lender, so Bassanio turns to the Jewish moneylender Shylock and names Antonio as the loan's guarantor. 1072:

in the spring of 1605, followed by a second performance a few days later, but there is no record of any further performances in the 17th century. In 1701,

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who berated Shylock for dishonesty resort to trickery in order to win. In addition to this Shakespeare gives Shylock one of his most eloquent speeches:

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Shylock. Unknown to Bassanio and Gratiano, Portia sent her servant, Balthazar, to seek the counsel of Portia's cousin, Bellario, a lawyer, at

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The play is frequently staged, but is potentially troubling to modern audiences because of its central themes, which can easily appear

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and others report that the tradition of playing Shylock sympathetically began in the first half of the 19th century with

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in London from 20 November to 16 December 1922. Augustus Milner sang Shylock, later replaced during the run by producer

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well as a turquoise ring which Shylock had been given by his late wife, Leah. Shylock has Antonio brought before court.

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Nerissa – Portia's waiting maid – in love with Gratiano; later the wife of Gratiano; disguises herself as Portia's clerk

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Some modern productions take further pains to show the sources of Shylock's thirst for vengeance. For instance, in the

6590: 6299: 6092: 5653: 5601: 5475: 5007: 3487: 1055: 5614: 4088: 4005: 1894:, a lawyer, Eli Gould, is coerced to remove a pound of his own flesh and place it on a scale, alluding to the play. 1189:, who played Shylock as a simple villain, have chosen a sympathetic approach to the character; even Booth's father, 5821: 5539: 5367: 5306: 5266: 4957: 4936: 4508: 1953: 1766:, in 1924, in which the characters from Shakespeare's work reunite ten years after the events of the earlier play. 1500: 1214: 972:, which has led some critics to infer that Bassanio returns Antonio's affections despite his obligation to marry: 802: 6570: 6275: 5840: 5835: 5792: 5668: 4502: 1682: 1663: 1115: 1104: 174:

defaults on a large loan taken out on behalf of his dear friend, Bassanio, and provided by a Jewish moneylender,

5466: 3570: 2715: 5699: 5638: 5619: 5606: 4978: 4477: 4296: 3712: 2826: 1481: 1420:; the film was completed, but the soundtrack for all but the first reel was stolen before it could be released. 1383: 1210: 1099:; he added a jail scene between Shylock and Antonio, and a more extended scene of toasting at a banquet scene. 666: 5648: 5346: 1929:. In this film, Henryk Szpilman reads Shylock's "Hath not a Jew eyes?" speech to his brother Władysław in the 1926: 1801: 6251: 6147: 6009: 5422: 4986: 4280:"Scorned My Nation": A Comparison of Translations of The Merchant of Venice into German, Hebrew, and Yiddish 4263: 3915: 2240:"Four Hundred Years Later, Scholars Still Debate Whether Shakespeare's "Merchant of Venice" Is Anti-Semitic" 1917: 1655: 1182:

or, alternatively, as a monster of unrelieved evil." Kean's Shylock established his reputation as an actor.

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Magnificoes of Venice, officers of the Court of Justice, gaolers, servants to Portia, and other attendants

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Ravid, Benjamin (1992). "From Yellow to Red: On the Distinguishing Head-Covering of the Jews of Venice".

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and produced by Barry Navidi. This was the first "big-screen" adaptation of the play. The cast included

1461: 1197:'s portrayal of an aristocratic, proud Shylock (first seen at the Lyceum in 1879, with Portia played by 948: 428: 5729: 385: 1778:(1938) draws its text from the discussion about music and the music of the spheres in Act V, scene 1. 1048:, in an interview, concurs with the director's view and states that he did not "play Antonio as gay". 6550: 6396: 6348: 6227: 6054: 6048: 5767: 5554: 5532: 5112: 5063: 5042: 5022: 4922: 4899: 4839: 2015: 1946: 1922: 1709: 1686: 1630: 1575: 1446: 1349: 1185:

From Kean's time forward, all of the actors who have famously played the role, with the exception of

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was broadcast for propagandistic ends over the German airwaves. Productions of the play followed in

714:" for the character, as, to a Christian audience, it saves his soul and allows him to enter Heaven. 6517: 6509: 6482: 6388: 5938: 5920: 5719: 5561: 5525: 5458: 5415: 5374: 4943: 4882: 4782: 4685: 4581: 4310: 3689: 3607: 1873: 1816: 1361: 1345: 1335: 1190: 506: 498: 167: 66: 3595: 1265:, a noted Jewish stage and film actor in Weimar Germany (and later in Hollywood and on Broadway). 6444: 6356: 6179: 5932: 5890: 5772: 5510: 5408: 5213: 4410: 4402: 4386: 4339: 4221: 4154: 3997: 3662: 3465: 3182: 3101: 3097: 2875: 1823: 1732:, French playwright and poet, was commissioned in the 1880s by the actor and theatrical director 1069: 662: 571:

before the end of the year. It was printed again in 1619, as part of William Jaggard's so-called

378: 330: 4731: 3245: 3068: 1753: 631:. Modern critics argue over the play's stance on the Jews and Judaism. American literary critic 4294:

Caldecott, Henry Stratford (1895). "Our English Homer; or, the Bacon-Shakespeare Controversy".

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Riddles, Knights, and Cross-dressing Saints: Essays on Medieval English Language and Literature

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quoting Shylock's "Hath not a Jew eyes?" speech when deciding whether to rape his Jewish maid.

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may have been, the play has been made use of by antisemites throughout the play's history. The

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Gratiano – friend of Antonio and Bassanio; in love with Nerissa; later the husband of Nerissa

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Lorenzo – friend of Antonio and Bassanio; in love with Jessica; later the husband of Jessica

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Short, Hugh (2002). "Shylock is content". In Mahon, John W.; Mahon, Ellen Macleod (eds.).

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Shakespeare's play may be seen as a continuation of this tradition. The title page of the

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English society in the Elizabethan and Jacobean era has been described as "judeophobic".

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The London stage, 1920-1929 : a calendar of productions, performers, and personnel

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Doctor Bellario, cousin of Portia, a character by reference who does not appear onstage

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in its day, which suggests that it was seen as similar to Marlowe's early 1590s work

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on 22 April 2018 and transposing the plot from Venice to the City of London and the

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Launcelot Gobbo – servant of Shylock; later a servant of Bassanio; son of Old Gobbo

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The Fools of Shakespeare; an interpretation of their wit, wisdom and personalities

1878: 1088:) was popular, and was acted for the next forty years. Granville cut the clownish 170:, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. A merchant in Venice named 48: 2744:

The History of British Film (Volume 3): The History of the British Film 1914–1918

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The earliest performance of which a record has survived was held at the court of

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to comprehend mercy. Similarly, it is possible that Shakespeare meant Shylock's

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David Mirsky, "The Fictive Jew in the Literature of England 1890–1920", in the

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The title page from a 1565 printing of Giovanni Fiorentino's 14th-century tale

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The Paris Opéra: an encyclopedia of operas, ballets, composers, and performers

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erroneously dates this from 1847 (at which time Kean was already dead); the

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Baltimore, Penguin, 1964; pp. 261, 311–312. In 2004, the film was released.

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in 1596. A date of 1596–97 is considered consistent with the play's style.

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and a contemporary of Shakespeare, gave a sermon in 1624 perpetuating the

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to subsidise his expenditures as a suitor. Bassanio approaches his friend

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Salerio – a messenger from Venice; friend of Antonio, Bassanio and others

232: 94: 4406: 4225: 1136:, which converged with the 400 year anniversary of Shakespeare's death, 463: 5451: 5444: 5276: 5084: 5077: 4601: 4209: 1962: 1862: 1677:, composed an operatic version which premiered at the Grand Theatre in 1229: 1222: 1165: 1096: 1033:, with which Shakespeare was likely familiar. (Auden sees the theme of 816: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 767: 762: 753: 377:

Meanwhile, in Belmont, Portia is awash with suitors. Her father left a

358: 317: 283:

Duke of Venice – authority who presides over the case of Shylock's bond

259: 235:– Antonio's close friend; suitor to Portia; later the husband of Portia 201: 175: 84: 4851: 4343: 1059:

The playbill from a 1741 production at the Theatre Royal of Drury Lane

1037:

in the play as a comment on human relations in a mercantile society.)

669:

in 1290 and were not permitted to return until 1656 under the rule of

5056: 1838:. In this play Shylock gets his wealth back and becomes a Jew again. 1085: 738: 338: 152: 4491: 3822: 2904:

A History of Shakespeare on Screen: A Century of Film and Television

4327: 3018:

For the Gay Stage: A Guide to 456 Plays, Aristophanes to Peter Gill

2338:

Richard Cumberland: Critic and Friend of the Jews (Classic Reprint)

1416:, an unreleased 40-minute television film directed by and starring 1334:. Though based in part on Shakespeare's play, it was also based on 1273:

The play has inspired many adaptions and several works of fiction.

527:

is believed to be between 1596 and 1598. The play was mentioned by

1233: 1179: 1146: 1103:

was Shylock, playing the role comically, perhaps even farcically.

1054: 1034: 1030: 942: 843: 722: 637: 473: 402: 384: 310: 1132:

for the play in 1871. As part of the 500 year anniversary of the

1114:

returned to the original text in a very successful production at

3271:"The Merchant of Venice – World premiere", Bregenzer Festspiele. 1847:

franchise sometimes quote and paraphrase Shakespeare, including

579:, which adds a number of stage directions, mainly musical cues. 132: 6005: 4855: 4554: 333:

of noble rank, wishes to woo the beautiful and wealthy heiress

2024:, the play occurs in the gaps between scenes of the canonical 1748:

in December 1889, had incidental music by the French composer

785: 725:

used the usurious Shylock for their propaganda. Shortly after

591: 364:

Antonio has already antagonized Shylock through his outspoken

30:

This article is about Shakespeare's play. For other uses, see

2433:

Interpretations: William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice

1950:, a speech by the nazi Von Zimmel parodies Shylock's tirade. 1228:

Kean and Irving presented a Shylock justified in wanting his

369:

unable to repay it at the specified date, Shylock may take a

3204:

The Merchant of Venice – a Shakespearean Opera – Vocal score

1261:

be acted" appears at the conclusion of the autobiography of

536:(I, i, 27) is thought to be an allusion to the Spanish ship 1530:

television film directed by Alan Horrox. The cast included

1256:

as Shylock, the film begins with text and a montage of how

3461:"Arnold Wesker, 83, Writer of Working-Class Dramas, Dies" 2556:

Information about Sullivan's incidental music to the play

2520:. London: McBride, Nast & Company. pp. 103–120. 337:

of Belmont. Having squandered his estate, he needs 3,000

200:

The play contains two famous speeches, that of Shylock, "

1681:

on 18 September 1922 followed by 32 performances at the

913:

will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the

3391:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 1140:

was performed in the ghetto main square in 2016 by the

903:

we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will

608: 2771:

Shakespeare on Silent Film: A Strange Eventful History

292:

Salarino and Salanio – friends of Antonio and Bassanio

229:– a prominent merchant of Venice in a melancholic mood 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2581:"The Centuries-Old History of Venice's Jewish Ghetto" 887:

a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions,

189:

and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other

4541:

Shakespeare in the Ghetto, the Ghetto in Shakespeare

3713:"'The Serpent of Venice': a Shakespeare-Poe mash-up" 3492:"Arnold Wesker: the radical bard of working Britain" 2872:"2 Shakespearean Classics to Be Televised by A.B.C." 2165: 2163: 1221:, where, to great acclaim, he performed the role in 901:

poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall

883:

my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies—

6326: 6109: 6039: 5871: 5814: 5743: 5600: 5571: 5400: 5391: 5338: 5259: 5231: 5122: 5032: 4898: 4889: 4817: 4766: 4722: 4662: 4630: 4594: 3956:. Translated by Rosenfeld, Lulla. New York: Knopf. 907:

what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong

760:itself." Cumberland later wrote a successful play, 148: 138: 128: 118: 108: 72: 62: 41: 1305:, an unsuccessful silent British film produced by 911:example? Why, revenge! The villainy you teach me I 875:To bait fish withal; if it will feed nothing else, 491:are all elements present in the 14th-century tale 408:The climax of the play is set in the court of the 6453:The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time 4442:Cambridge Student Guide to The Merchant of Venice 2645:Cambridge Student Guide to The Merchant of Venice 2613:The Merchant in Venice: Shakespeare in the Ghetto 2488:, 29 December 2004. Retrieved on 12 November 2010 1427:, BBC video-taped television version directed by 1017:In his essay "Brothers and Others", published in 909:a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian 905:resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, 891:same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to 879:hindered me half a million, laughed at my losses, 877:it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me and 741:(1940), and elsewhere within the Nazi territory. 3530:Lawler, Peter Augustine; McConkey, Dale (2001). 3318:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–146. 3128:The Bard and the Bible: A Shakespeare Devotional 3093:Symphonic Program Music and Its Literary Sources 3069:"How do you make Shakespeare work on the radio?" 899:bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you 268:– daughter of Shylock, later the wife of Lorenzo 178:, with seemingly inevitable fatal consequences. 4067:Nazi Anti-Semitism: From Prejudice to Holocaust 3423:. British Universities Film & Video Council 3220:Edinburgh Companion to Shakespeare and the Arts 2647:dates Kean's performance to a more likely 1814. 2216:, Folger Shakespeare Library. February 8, 2020. 1155:as Shylock in an early 19th-century performance 974: 895:warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer 881:mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted 861: 692:indicates that the play was sometimes known as 262:– a miserly Jew; moneylender; father of Jessica 3927:. Ignatius Critical Editions. Ignatius Press. 748:, first published in 1785, British playwright 6017: 4867: 4566: 4179:Shakespeare's Sources: Comedies and Tragedies 4048:Filming Shakespeare in the Global Marketplace 3445:. William Samuel & Company Limited. 1977. 1225:in an otherwise English-language production. 897:as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not 391:The Graphic Gallery of Shakespeare's Heroines 8: 4304:McKendy, Thomas (1988). "Gypsies, Jews, and 4089:"A Jewish reading of The Merchant of Venice" 3766:"The Merchant of Venice: what happened next" 3379:Sammond, Nicholas; Mukerji, Chandra (2001). 2931:Shakespeare, William; Farrell, Tony (2018). 2720:. Univ of California Press. pp. 46–47. 1851:. One example is the Shakespeare-aficionado 1084:as Bassanio. This version (which featured a 985:Say how I loved you, speak me fair in death, 893:the same diseases, healed by the same means, 247:– a rich heiress; later the wife of Bassanio 4424:The Merchant of Venice: New Critical Essays 4262:. Oxford Companions to Literature. Oxford: 3358:. Cambridge University Press. p. 127. 3355:The Cambridge Companion to Vaughan Williams 2964:Shakespeare and the Ethics of Appropriation 2907:. Cambridge University Press. p. 117. 2668: 2501:, New York, Roundtable Press, 1990, p. 420. 2225: 1645:as Portia, and Lauren Cornelius as Jessica. 997:But life itself, my wife, and all the world 987:And when the tale is told, bid her be judge 885:and what’s his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not 867:Why, I am sure if he forfeit, thou wilt not 6024: 6010: 6002: 5811: 5397: 4895: 4874: 4860: 4852: 4573: 4559: 4551: 3658:"French Spy Spoof Set in Swinging '67 Rio" 3352:Frogley, Alain; Thomson, Aidan J. (2013). 3187:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2610:; Chillington Rutter, Carol, eds. (2021). 889:senses, affections, passions? Fed with the 204:" on the subject of humanity, and that of 47: 38: 2311: 1905:One of the four short stories comprising 832:Learn how and when to remove this message 212:". Debate exists on whether the play is 6260:Angels in America: Millennium Approaches 3443:"Jewish Observer and Middle East Review" 2961:Huang, Alexa; Rivlin, Elizabeth (2014). 2956: 2954: 2926: 2924: 2896: 2894: 2193: 2014:is a play first produced in 2017 at the 1752:, later incorporated into an orchestral 1001:I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all 999:Are not with me esteemed above thy life. 462: 4320:National Council of Teachers of English 4240:. New York: Columbia University Press. 3643: 3556: 3533:Faith, Reason, and Political Life Today 2323: 2047: 1076:staged a successful adaptation, titled 555:, the method at that time of obtaining 32:The Merchant of Venice (disambiguation) 3180: 2858: 2275: 2263: 1858:Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country 1468:. Broadcast in the United States over 1407:, an Australian television adaptation. 983:Tell her the process of Antonio’s end, 766:(1794), in which his title character, 6601:Race-related controversies in theatre 6033:Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play 5626:Complete Works of William Shakespeare 3517: 3150: 3148: 2800:"Blast from the Past: Shylock (1941)" 2692: 2680: 2656: 2640: 2415: 2403: 2299: 2287: 2181: 2021:Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead 1736:to make a French-verse adaptation of 989:Whether Bassanio had not once a love. 869:take his flesh! What’s that good for? 482:, printed in the Second Folio of 1632 277:Old Gobbo – blind father of Launcelot 7: 4351:Perng, Ching-Hsi (2011). "A 'Bangzi 3387:Classic Hollywood, Classic Whiteness 2238:Ambrosino, Brandon (21 April 2016). 2169: 1003:Here to this devil, to deliver you. 814:adding citations to reliable sources 289:Prince of Arragon – suitor to Portia 286:Prince of Morocco – suitor to Portia 6437:Vanya and Sonia and Masha and Spike 5986: 4260:The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare 4011:from the original on 9 October 2022 3740:"The Wolf in the Water, Drama on 3" 2829:. Hollywood Reporter. 7 August 2015 1998:is a radio-play first broadcast on 1834:in 1989, and follows the events in 1781:In both versions of the comic film 1369:film directed by the duo Sama-Ramu. 1330:, a silent German film directed by 1269:Adaptations and cultural references 1193:, played the role sympathetically. 588:Shylock and the antisemitism debate 486:The forfeit of a merchant's deadly 5801:Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien 4426:. London: Routledge. p. 201. 2704:Granach (1945; 2010), pp. 275–279. 2579:Worrall, Simon (6 November 2015). 2544:A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964, 2524:from the original on 29 April 2015 2435:. New York: Infobase. p. 27. 981:Commend me to your honorable wife, 782:Shylock as a sympathetic character 25: 2473:"Was the Merchant of Venice gay?" 1970:, in which he makes Portia (from 1122:seventy years later (see below). 717:Regardless of what Shakespeare's 6576:British plays adapted into films 5985: 5976: 5975: 5329: 4524: 4258:; Dobson, Michael, eds. (2001). 4111:Shylock: A Legend and its Legacy 2618:Ca' Foscari University of Venice 2567:The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive 2367:Samuel K. Mirsky Memorial Volume 1205:-language translation, first in 790: 595: 271:Tubal – a Jew; friend of Shylock 4457:Shylock and the Jewish Question 4046:Burnett, Mark Thornton (2007). 3775:– via www.thetimes.co.uk. 3536:. Lexington Books. p. 29. 3217:Burnett, Mark Thornton (2011). 3202:Beecham, Adrian Welles (1921). 2747:. Routledge. pp. 84, 295. 2207:Stationers' Register entry for 1089: 801:needs additional citations for 775:depiction of Jews in literature 744:In a series of articles called 6502:Prayer for the French Republic 6268:Angels in America: Perestroika 6172:"Master Harold"...and the Boys 5806:Works titled after Shakespeare 3902:10.5040/9781408160398.00000006 3850:Everything that Never Happened 3789:Everything that Never Happened 3764:Alderman, Naomi (7 May 2016). 3223:. Edinburgh University Press. 3071:. The Spectator. 28 April 2018 2768:Ball, Robert Hamilton (2013). 2012:Everything that Never Happened 280:Leonardo – servant to Bassanio 1: 6586:Plays set in the 16th century 5966:Shakespeare and other authors 4826:All that glitters is not gold 4138:The English Historical Review 3954:A Life on the Stage: A Memoir 3795:through a Jewish perspective" 3342:, New York: Macmillan, 1924. 3316:Gabriel Fauré: A musical life 3314:Nectoux, Jean-Michel (1991). 2937:. Nelson Thornes. p. 8. 2901:Rothwell, Kenneth S. (2004). 2717:Lois Weber in Early Hollywood 1877:(1993) depicts SS Lieutenant 1627:financial crisis of 2007–2008 1012:. Act 4, scene 1, ll. 285–298 389:A depiction of Jessica, from 6596:Cross-dressing in literature 5848:Shakespeare Birthplace Trust 4807:The Maori Merchant of Venice 4027:; Heims, Neil, eds. (2007). 3923:Pearce, Joseph, ed. (2009). 3884:Drakakis, John, ed. (2010). 3598:Forberg Schneider Foundation 3290:"Andre Tchaikowsky Composer" 2499:Encyclopaedia of Shakespeare 1830:, was first produced at the 1563:The Māori Merchant of Venice 1288:, a silent film directed by 567:; Heyes published the first 547:The play was entered in the 425:, not the blood, of Antonio. 253:Balthazar – Portia's servant 6611:Shakespearean problem plays 6343:The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? 6300:The Beauty Queen of Leenane 5654:English Renaissance theatre 5497:The Second Maiden's Tragedy 5476:The Merry Devil of Edmonton 5008:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 4534:public domain audiobook at 4375:University of Hawaiʻi Press 3994:10.5840/humanitas2011241/23 3159:(Second ed.). Lanham. 3015:Gunn, Drewey Wayne (2017). 2991:Shakespeare and Immigration 2569:, accessed 31 December 2009 1701:was first performed at the 1662:was first performed at the 1277:Film, TV and radio versions 1236:. In a 1902 interview with 540:captured by the English at 523:The date of composition of 434:thy goods are confiscate." 426: 256:Stephano – Portia's servant 6627: 6556:Antisemitism in literature 5822:Folger Shakespeare Library 5368:The Phoenix and the Turtle 4958:The Merry Wives of Windsor 4509:Folger Shakespeare Library 4277:Abend-David, Dror (2003). 4133:"Shakespeare and the Jews" 3971:Beauchamp, Gorman (2011). 3206:. London: Schott & Co. 2774:. Routledge. p. 151. 1695:'s three-act French opera 1501:BBC Television Shakespeare 1163: 921:Act III, scene I, l. 50–72 29: 6581:Plays adapted into operas 6566:Cross-dressing in theatre 6276:Love! Valour! Compassion! 5960: 5841:Royal Shakespeare Theatre 5836:Royal Shakespeare Company 5327: 4965:A Midsummer Night's Dream 4909:All's Well That Ends Well 3656:Hale, Mike (6 May 2010). 3575:. Peter Lang. p. 5. 3569:Honegger, Thomas (2018). 3090:Casler, Lawrence (2001). 3021:. McFarland. p. 17. 2967:. Springer. p. 198. 2669:Wells & Dobson (2001) 2336:Newman, Louis I. (2012). 1744:, first performed at the 1658:'s three-act Czech opera 710:to Christianity to be a " 181:Although classified as a 46: 6156:Children of a Lesser God 4979:Pericles, Prince of Tyre 4283:, New York: Peter-Lang. 4238:Shakespeare and the Jews 4151:10.1093/ehr/IX.XXXVI.652 4065:Burrin, Philipe (2005). 3852:– Boston Court Pasadena" 2988:Espinosa, Ruben (2016). 2561:25 November 2009 at the 2355:. Moreclacke Publishing. 1966:in his 2014 comic novel 1921:is a 2002 film based on 1762:authored a sequel play, 1344:, as well as stories by 1324:Der Kaufmann von Venedig 1211:Yiddish Theater District 653:Shylock as an antagonist 6606:Antisemitism in England 4987:The Taming of the Shrew 4264:Oxford University Press 4181:. New York: Routledge. 3916:Bloomsbury Drama Online 3276:2 December 2013 at the 3155:Wearing, J. P. (2014). 3125:Hostetler, Bob (2016). 3042:Stone, Alan A. (2012). 2714:Stamp, Shelley (2015). 2226:Wells & Dobson 2001 1944:In the 2009 spy comedy 1888:'s 1995 crime thriller 1664:Prague National Theatre 1656:Josef Bohuslav Foerster 1549:production directed by 1142:Compagnia de' Colombari 951:as Shylock, painted by 6546:Shakespearean comedies 6541:The Merchant of Venice 6292:How I Learned to Drive 6067:The Merchant of Venice 5669:Lord Chamberlain's Men 5580:The Passionate Pilgrim 5353:comparison to Petrarch 4972:Much Ado About Nothing 4951:The Merchant of Venice 4747:The Merchant of Venice 4587:The Merchant of Venice 4531:The Merchant of Venice 4515:The Merchant of Venice 4504:The Merchant of Venice 4492:The Merchant of Venice 4478:The Merchant of Venice 4306:The Merchant of Venice 4031:. New York: Infobase. 4029:The Merchant of Venice 3973:"Shylock's Conversion" 3925:The Merchant of Venice 3886:The Merchant of Venice 3877:The Merchant of Venice 3793:The Merchant of Venice 2934:The Merchant of Venice 2478:1 January 2006 at the 2456:The Merchant of Venice 2379:The Merchant of Venice 2351:Armin, Robert (2012). 2214:Shakespeare Documented 2209:The Merchant of Venice 2151:The Merchant of Venice 2135:The Merchant of Venice 2119:The Merchant of Venice 2103:The Merchant of Venice 2087:The Merchant of Venice 2071:The Merchant of Venice 2055:The Merchant of Venice 2026:The Merchant of Venice 1974:) and Desdemona (from 1972:The Merchant of Venice 1958:The Merchant of Venice 1865:, who quotes Shylock. 1849:The Merchant of Venice 1836:The Merchant of Venice 1770:Ralph Vaughan Williams 1754:suite of the same name 1738:The Merchant of Venice 1714:The Merchant of Venice 1683:Duke of York's Theatre 1591:The Merchant of Venice 1583:Shakespeare's Merchant 1547:Royal National Theatre 1543:The Merchant of Venice 1524:The Merchant of Venice 1497:The Merchant of Venice 1458:The Merchant of Venice 1437:series. Cast includes 1425:The Merchant of Venice 1413:The Merchant of Venice 1404:The Merchant of Venice 1375:The Merchant of Venice 1319:The Merchant of Venice 1302:The Merchant of Venice 1285:The Merchant of Venice 1156: 1138:The Merchant of Venice 1060: 1015: 1010:The Merchant of Venice 956: 924: 855: 731:The Merchant of Venice 649: 525:The Merchant of Venice 483: 480:The Merchant of Venice 471: 393: 326: 324:The Merchant of Venice 163:The Merchant of Venice 42:The Merchant of Venice 18:The Merchant Of Venice 5859:Shakespeare Institute 5828:Shakespeare Quarterly 5347:Shakespeare's sonnets 5015:The Two Noble Kinsmen 4741:Le marchand de Venise 4383:10.1353/atj.2011.0014 4366:Asian Theatre Journal 3244:Pitou, Spire (1990). 3131:. Worthy Publishing. 2741:Low, Rachael (2013). 2353:Sheva, the Benevolent 1996:The Wolf in the Water 1968:The Serpent of Venice 1832:University of Hamburg 1802:Her Majesty's Theatre 1712:'s (1935–1982) opera 1698:Le marchand de Venise 1673:, 15-year-old son of 1462:Associated Television 1150: 1118:, paving the way for 1058: 949:Herbert Beerbohm Tree 946: 847: 641: 477: 466: 388: 322:, an illustration to 314: 6397:August: Osage County 6228:The Heidi Chronicles 6093:Same Time, Next Year 6088:No Award (1957–1974) 6049:The Way of the World 5715:Spelling of his name 5555:Vortigern and Rowena 5533:Thomas Lord Cromwell 5113:Troilus and Cressida 5043:Antony and Cleopatra 4937:Love's Labour's Lost 4923:The Comedy of Errors 4840:The quality of mercy 4109:Gross, John (1994). 3294:andretchaikowsky.com 2244:Smithsonian Magazine 2032:Notes and references 2016:Yale School of Drama 1947:OSS 117: Lost in Rio 1629:. The cast included 1576:Pei Te Hurinui Jones 1507:. The cast includes 1499:, a version for the 1476:, the cast included 1464:version directed by 1350:Masuccio Salernitano 1246:2004 film adaptation 810:improve this article 443:his one-half share " 210:the quality of mercy 202:Hath not a Jew eyes? 143:Shakespearean comedy 6561:Plays set in Venice 6389:The Coast of Utopia 5939:Richard Shakespeare 5921:Gilbert Shakespeare 5853:Shakespeare's Globe 5758:Authorship question 5753:Attribution studies 5720:Stratford-upon-Avon 5562:A Yorkshire Tragedy 5540:Thomas of Woodstock 5526:The Spanish Tragedy 5467:Love's Labour's Won 5459:The London Prodigal 5416:The Birth of Merlin 5375:The Rape of Lucrece 5361:A Lover's Complaint 5241:Quarto publications 4944:Measure for Measure 4883:William Shakespeare 4582:William Shakespeare 4353:Merchant of Venice' 4311:The English Journal 3690:The Times of Israel 3624:archive.nytimes.com 3608:"The Belmont Prize" 3488:Billington, Michael 3340:The Lady of Belmont 3250:. Greenwood Press. 3044:"Redeeming Shylock" 2695:, pp. 344–350. 2683:, pp. 342–344. 2184:, pp. 112–113. 2010:Sarah B. Mantell's 1804:, London, in 1977. 1764:The Lady of Belmont 1725:Cultural references 1553:. Set around 1930, 1378:, a French-Italian 1346:Giovanni Fiorentino 1336:Christopher Marlowe 1191:Junius Brutus Booth 1064:Performance history 679:St Paul's Cathedral 643:Shylock and Jessica 559:for a new play, by 499:Giovanni Fiorentino 168:William Shakespeare 67:William Shakespeare 27:Play by Shakespeare 6591:Plays set in Italy 6180:Torch Song Trilogy 5933:Edmund Shakespeare 5891:Hamnet Shakespeare 5788:Screen adaptations 5511:Sir John Oldcastle 5409:Arden of Faversham 4729:Incidental music: 4543:, 2021 video with 4455:Yaffe, Martin D.: 4297:Johannesburg Times 4210:10.1007/BF01695218 4145:(XXXVI): 652–661. 3663:The New York Times 3620:"The Joy of Theft" 3466:The New York Times 3338:Ervine, St. John, 3102:Edwin Mellen Press 3098:Lewiston, New York 2879:. 10 February 1973 2876:The New York Times 2340:. Forgotten Books. 1927:Władysław Szpilman 1824:David Henry Wilson 1783:To Be or Not to Be 1746:Théâtre de l'Odéon 1675:Sir Thomas Beecham 1472:. Set in the late 1157: 1061: 957: 856: 849:Shylock and Portia 750:Richard Cumberland 677:, who was Dean of 650: 607:. You can help by 553:Stationers Company 484: 478:The first page of 472: 394: 329:Bassanio, a young 327: 53:Title page of the 6528: 6527: 6204:A Lie of the Mind 6132:Otherwise Engaged 6082:The Iceman Cometh 6055:Thieves' Carnival 5999: 5998: 5903:Elizabeth Barnard 5867: 5866: 5596: 5595: 5325: 5324: 5023:The Winter's Tale 4849: 4848: 4833:Between you and I 4775:Serenade to Music 4497:Project Gutenberg 4433:978-0-415-92999-8 4289:978-0-8204-5798-7 4234:Shapiro, James S. 4120:978-0-671-88386-7 4087:(15 March 2016). 4069:. The New Press. 4038:978-0-7910-9576-8 3943:Secondary sources 3911:978-1-903436-81-3 3890:Arden Shakespeare 3803:. 12 October 2018 3800:Los Angeles Times 3718:The Seattle Times 3685:"Blame It on Rio" 3559:, pp. 93–94. 3490:(13 April 2016). 3459:(13 April 2016). 3166:978-0-8108-9301-6 2798:(29 March 2014). 2627:978-88-6969-503-2 2442:978-1-60413-885-6 2196:, pp. 60–61. 2007:was instituted. 1954:Christopher Moore 1911:The Bacon Fancier 1828:Shylock's Revenge 1796:The rock musical 1775:Serenade to Music 1730:Edmond Haraucourt 1716:premiered at the 1710:André Tchaikowsky 1705:on 25 March 1935. 1616:Zuleikha Robinson 1488:as Bassanio, and 1451:Christopher Gable 1434:Play of the Month 1332:Peter Paul Felner 1328:The Jew of Mestri 1263:Alexander Granach 1078:The Jew of Venice 960:Antonio, Bassanio 842: 841: 834: 708:forced conversion 694:The Jew of Venice 625: 624: 507:Alexandre Sylvane 191:romantic comedies 159: 158: 109:Original language 16:(Redirected from 6618: 6571:Works about debt 6381:The History Boys 6373:Doubt: A Parable 6365:I Am My Own Wife 6236:The Piano Lesson 6148:The Elephant Man 6076: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6003: 5989: 5988: 5979: 5978: 5927:Joan Shakespeare 5909:John Shakespeare 5812: 5793:Shakespeare and 5504:Sejanus His Fall 5471: 5431:Double Falsehood 5398: 5382:Venus and Adonis 5333: 5106:Titus Andronicus 5092:Romeo and Juliet 4896: 4876: 4869: 4862: 4853: 4653:The Jew of Malta 4575: 4568: 4561: 4552: 4528: 4527: 4499: 4437: 4418: 4347: 4267: 4251: 4229: 4204:(1/2): 179–210. 4192: 4170: 4131:(October 1894). 4124: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4080: 4061: 4042: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4010: 3977: 3967: 3938: 3919: 3892:, third series. 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3827:Sarah B. Mantell 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3616: 3610: 3605: 3599: 3596:"The Foundation" 3593: 3587: 3586: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3390: 3381:Bernardi, Daniel 3376: 3370: 3369: 3349: 3343: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3286: 3280: 3268: 3262: 3261: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3186: 3178: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3012: 3006: 3005: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2958: 2949: 2948: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2898: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2576: 2570: 2553: 2547: 2542:F. E. Halliday, 2540: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2512:Warde, Frederick 2508: 2502: 2495: 2489: 2469: 2463: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2376: 2370: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2158: 2148: 2142: 2132: 2126: 2116: 2110: 2100: 2094: 2084: 2078: 2068: 2062: 2052: 1874:Schindler's List 1869:Steven Spielberg 1720:on 18 July 2013. 1718:Bregenz Festival 1482:Anthony Nicholls 1478:Laurence Olivier 1341:The Jew of Malta 1294:Phillips Smalley 1160:Shylock on stage 1130:incidental music 1082:Thomas Betterton 1074:George Granville 1019:The Dyer's Hand, 1013: 922: 837: 830: 826: 823: 817: 794: 786: 719:authorial intent 699:The Jew of Malta 647:Maurycy Gottlieb 620: 617: 599: 592: 432: 51: 39: 21: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6497:No Award (2021) 6491:The Inheritance 6322: 6244:Lost in Yonkers 6126:A Texas Trilogy 6105: 6073:The White Devil 6046: 6035: 6030: 6000: 5995: 5956: 5905:(granddaughter) 5863: 5810: 5739: 5705:Religious views 5683:Curtain Theatre 5604: 5592: 5567: 5518:Sir Thomas More 5464: 5438:Edmund Ironside 5387: 5334: 5321: 5295:Ghost character 5255: 5227: 5118: 5099:Timon of Athens 5028: 4885: 4880: 4850: 4845: 4813: 4762: 4718: 4658: 4639:Gesta Romanorum 4626: 4590: 4579: 4525: 4520:British Library 4489: 4483:Standard Ebooks 4473: 4434: 4421: 4350: 4303: 4274: 4272:Further reading 4254: 4248: 4232: 4195: 4189: 4173: 4127: 4121: 4108: 4099: 4097: 4094:British Library 4083: 4077: 4064: 4058: 4045: 4039: 4023: 4014: 4012: 4008: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3948: 3945: 3935: 3922: 3912: 3883: 3880: 3872: 3867: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 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2601: 2591: 2589: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2563:Wayback Machine 2554: 2550: 2541: 2537: 2527: 2525: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2497:Charles Boyce, 2496: 2492: 2485:ABC News Online 2480:Wayback Machine 2470: 2466: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2286: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2248: 2246: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2224: 2220: 2204: 2200: 2194:Drakakis (2010) 2192: 2188: 2180: 2176: 2168: 2161: 2149: 2145: 2133: 2129: 2117: 2113: 2101: 2097: 2085: 2081: 2069: 2065: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2005:Venetian Ghetto 1935:Nazi occupation 1760:St. John Ervine 1727: 1652: 1614:as Portia, and 1596:Michael Radford 1557:played Shylock. 1534:as Shylock and 1515:as Shylock and 1513:Warren Mitchell 1279: 1271: 1250:Michael Radford 1217:, and later on 1215:Lower East Side 1168: 1162: 1134:Venetian Ghetto 1126:Arthur Sullivan 1112:Charles Macklin 1066: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1002: 1000: 998: 996: 992: 991: 990: 988: 986: 984: 982: 980: 966:unrequited love 962: 923: 920: 917: 914: 912: 910: 908: 906: 904: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 892: 890: 888: 886: 884: 882: 880: 878: 876: 871: 870: 868: 838: 827: 821: 818: 807: 795: 784: 671:Oliver Cromwell 655: 621: 615: 612: 605:needs expansion 590: 585: 521: 512:Gesta Romanorum 461: 459:Earlier sources 320:After the Trial 309: 304: 222: 104: 58: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6624: 6622: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6533: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6514: 6506: 6498: 6495: 6487: 6479: 6473: 6465: 6457: 6449: 6441: 6433: 6425: 6417: 6409: 6401: 6393: 6385: 6377: 6369: 6361: 6353: 6339: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6312: 6304: 6296: 6288: 6280: 6272: 6264: 6256: 6248: 6240: 6232: 6224: 6216: 6208: 6200: 6192: 6188:The Real Thing 6184: 6176: 6168: 6160: 6152: 6144: 6136: 6122: 6113: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6089: 6086: 6078: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6006: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5983: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5850: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5818: 5816: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5644:Collaborations 5641: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5629: 5617: 5611: 5609: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5583: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5543: 5536: 5529: 5522: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5427: 5419: 5412: 5404: 5402: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5233:Early editions 5229: 5228: 5226: 5225: 5217: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5179: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5163: 5151: 5144: 5136: 5128: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5081: 5074: 5067: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5038: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5026: 5019: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4983: 4975: 4968: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4919: 4916:As You Like It 4912: 4904: 4902: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4871: 4864: 4856: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4811: 4803: 4795: 4787: 4779: 4770: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4760: 4751: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4538: 4522: 4511: 4500: 4487: 4485: 4472: 4471:External links 4469: 4468: 4467: 4453: 4438: 4432: 4419: 4348: 4328:10.2307/818931 4301: 4292: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4256:Wells, Stanley 4252: 4246: 4230: 4198:Jewish History 4193: 4187: 4171: 4129:Hales, John W. 4125: 4119: 4113:. Touchstone. 4106: 4081: 4075: 4062: 4057:978-0230800809 4056: 4043: 4037: 4021: 3968: 3962: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3939: 3934:978-1681495200 3933: 3920: 3910: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3839: 3814: 3778: 3756: 3731: 3704: 3676: 3648: 3636: 3611: 3600: 3588: 3582:978-3039103928 3581: 3561: 3549: 3543:978-0739154960 3542: 3522: 3520:, p. 335. 3510: 3479: 3448: 3434: 3408: 3401: 3371: 3365:978-0521197687 3364: 3344: 3331: 3324: 3306: 3281: 3263: 3257:978-0313277825 3256: 3236: 3229: 3209: 3194: 3165: 3144: 3137: 3117: 3110: 3082: 3060: 3034: 3027: 3007: 3001:978-1317056614 3000: 2980: 2974:978-1137375773 2973: 2950: 2944:978-0748769575 2943: 2920: 2914:978-0521543118 2913: 2890: 2863: 2840: 2818: 2787: 2781:978-1134980987 2780: 2760: 2754:978-1136206061 2753: 2733: 2727:978-0520241527 2726: 2706: 2697: 2685: 2673: 2671:, p. 290. 2661: 2659:, p. 341. 2649: 2633: 2626: 2599: 2571: 2548: 2535: 2503: 2490: 2464: 2448: 2441: 2420: 2408: 2406:, p. 233. 2396: 2387: 2371: 2358: 2343: 2328: 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195:pound of flesh 157: 156: 155:, 16th century 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 103: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 76: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 52: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6623: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6349:Metamorphoses 6345: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6252:Marvin's Room 6249: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6062: 6061:Twelfth Night 6057: 6056: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6027: 6022: 6020: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6004: 5992: 5984: 5982: 5974: 5973: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5952: 5951:Thomas Quiney 5949: 5946: 5943: 5941:(grandfather) 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5897:Judith Quiney 5895: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5879:Anne Hathaway 5877: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5824: 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5403: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5272:Late romances 5270: 5268: 5267:Problem plays 5265: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5064:Julius Caesar 5061: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5005: 5003: 5002: 5001:Twelfth Night 4998: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4872: 4870: 4865: 4863: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4450:0-521-00816-6 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4247:9780231178679 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4194: 4190: 4188:0-415-35269-X 4184: 4180: 4176: 4175:Muir, Kenneth 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4085:Dautch, Aviva 4082: 4078: 4076:1-56584-969-8 4072: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4025:Bloom, Harold 4022: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3963:0-679-41351-0 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3853: 3851: 3843: 3840: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3782: 3779: 3767: 3760: 3757: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3649: 3646:, p. 93. 3645: 3640: 3637: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3604: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3589: 3584: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3550: 3545: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3511: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3404: 3402:0-8166-3239-1 3398: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3357: 3356: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3327: 3325:0-521-23524-3 3321: 3317: 3310: 3307: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3240: 3237: 3232: 3230:9780748649341 3226: 3222: 3221: 3213: 3210: 3205: 3198: 3195: 3190: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3138:9781617958427 3134: 3130: 3129: 3121: 3118: 3113: 3111:9780773474895 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3086: 3083: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3049: 3048:Boston Review 3045: 3038: 3035: 3030: 3028:9781476670195 3024: 3020: 3019: 3011: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2994:. Routledge. 2993: 2992: 2984: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2429:Bloom, Harold 2424: 2421: 2418:, p. 24. 2417: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2397: 2394:Scott (2002). 2391: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2347: 2344: 2339: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2269: 2266:, p. 17. 2265: 2260: 2257: 2245: 2241: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2172:, p. 49. 2171: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2048: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2018:. Similar to 2017: 2013: 2008: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1987: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931:Warsaw Ghetto 1928: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1899:Belmont Prize 1895: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1886:David Fincher 1882: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1812:Arnold Wesker 1809: 1807: 1806:Braham Murray 1803: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1750:Gabriel Fauré 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1693:Reynaldo Hahn 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1643:Hayley Atwell 1641:as Bassanio, 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1621:Broadcast on 1620: 1617: 1613: 1610:as Bassanio, 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1555:Henry Goodman 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1474:Victorian era 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1386:and starring 1385: 1384:Pierre Billon 1381: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1258:Venetian Jews 1255: 1252:and starring 1251: 1247: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1170:Jewish actor 1167: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1092:in line with 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1063: 1057: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1020: 1011: 1004: 995: 979: 973: 971: 970:homosociality 967: 959: 954: 950: 945: 941: 938: 932: 928: 916: 915:instruction. 874: 866: 860: 854: 850: 846: 836: 833: 825: 815: 811: 805: 804: 799:This section 797: 793: 788: 787: 781: 779: 776: 771: 769: 765: 764: 759: 755: 751: 747: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 727:Kristallnacht 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 700: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 634: 630: 619: 610: 606: 603:This section 601: 598: 594: 593: 587: 582: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 561:James Roberts 558: 554: 550: 545: 543: 539: 535: 530: 529:Francis Meres 526: 519:Date and text 518: 516: 514: 513: 508: 504: 500: 496: 495: 489: 481: 476: 470: 465: 458: 456: 452: 448: 446: 441: 435: 430: 424: 418: 415: 414:famous speech 411: 406: 404: 398: 392: 387: 383: 380: 375: 372: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 325: 321: 319: 313: 306: 300: 297: 294: 291: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 237: 234: 231: 228: 225: 224: 219: 217: 215: 211: 207: 203: 198: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 177: 173: 169: 166:is a play by 165: 164: 154: 151: 147: 144: 141: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 121: 117: 114: 111: 107: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 77: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 56: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6518:Stereophonic 6516: 6510:Leopoldstadt 6508: 6500: 6489: 6483:The Ferryman 6481: 6475: 6467: 6459: 6451: 6443: 6435: 6427: 6419: 6411: 6403: 6395: 6387: 6379: 6371: 6363: 6355: 6347: 6341: 6333: 6327:2001–present 6314: 6306: 6298: 6290: 6284:Master Class 6282: 6274: 6266: 6258: 6250: 6242: 6234: 6226: 6220:M. Butterfly 6218: 6210: 6202: 6194: 6186: 6178: 6170: 6162: 6154: 6146: 6138: 6130: 6124: 6116: 6097: 6091: 6080: 6071: 6066: 6065: 6059: 6053: 6047: 5953:(son-in-law) 5947:(son-in-law) 5885:Susanna Hall 5826: 5815:Institutions 5794: 5639:Coat of arms 5632:Translations 5624: 5620:Bibliography 5587:To the Queen 5585: 5578: 5560: 5553: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5524: 5516: 5509: 5502: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5465: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5421: 5414: 5407: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5359: 5345: 5307:Performances 5251:Second Folio 5219: 5212: 5203: 5196: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5165: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5138: 5131: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5021: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4805: 4797: 4789: 4783:The Merchant 4781: 4773: 4754: 4745: 4739: 4730: 4684: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4586: 4585: 4530: 4514: 4503: 4490: 4476: 4456: 4441: 4440:Smith, Rob: 4423: 4370: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4279: 4259: 4237: 4201: 4197: 4178: 4142: 4136: 4110: 4100:13 September 4098:. Retrieved 4092: 4066: 4050:. Springer. 4047: 4028: 4013:. Retrieved 3985: 3979: 3953: 3950:Adler, Jacob 3924: 3914:– via 3885: 3876: 3875:Editions of 3855:. Retrieved 3849: 3842: 3830:. Retrieved 3826: 3817: 3805:. Retrieved 3798: 3792: 3791:reconsiders 3788: 3781: 3769:. Retrieved 3759: 3749:16 September 3747:. Retrieved 3743: 3734: 3722:. Retrieved 3716: 3707: 3695:. Retrieved 3693:. 4 May 2010 3688: 3679: 3667:. Retrieved 3661: 3651: 3644:Burnett 2007 3639: 3629:26 September 3627:. Retrieved 3623: 3614: 3603: 3591: 3571: 3564: 3557:Burnett 2007 3552: 3532: 3525: 3518:Gross (1994) 3513: 3503:16 September 3501:. Retrieved 3497:The Guardian 3495: 3482: 3472:16 September 3470:. Retrieved 3464: 3457:Chan, Sewell 3451: 3437: 3425:. Retrieved 3420: 3417:"Fire Angel" 3411: 3386: 3374: 3354: 3347: 3339: 3334: 3315: 3309: 3299:16 September 3297:. Retrieved 3293: 3284: 3266: 3246: 3239: 3219: 3212: 3203: 3197: 3156: 3127: 3120: 3092: 3085: 3073:. Retrieved 3063: 3051:. Retrieved 3047: 3037: 3017: 3010: 2990: 2983: 2963: 2933: 2903: 2881:. Retrieved 2874: 2866: 2831:. Retrieved 2821: 2811:22 September 2809:. Retrieved 2803: 2790: 2770: 2763: 2743: 2736: 2716: 2709: 2700: 2693:Adler (1999) 2688: 2681:Adler (1999) 2676: 2664: 2657:Adler (1999) 2652: 2644: 2641:Adler (1999) 2636: 2612: 2608:Bassi, Shaul 2602: 2590:. Retrieved 2584: 2574: 2566: 2551: 2543: 2538: 2526:. Retrieved 2516: 2506: 2498: 2493: 2483: 2467: 2455: 2451: 2432: 2423: 2416:Bloom (2007) 2411: 2404:Bloom (2007) 2399: 2390: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2361: 2352: 2346: 2337: 2331: 2324:Shapiro 2016 2319: 2307: 2295: 2283: 2271: 2259: 2247:. Retrieved 2243: 2233: 2221: 2213: 2208: 2201: 2189: 2182:Bloom (2007) 2177: 2150: 2146: 2134: 2130: 2118: 2114: 2102: 2098: 2086: 2082: 2070: 2066: 2054: 2050: 2025: 2019: 2011: 2009: 1995: 1990: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1945: 1943: 1939:World War II 1916: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1896: 1889: 1883: 1872: 1867: 1856: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1817:The Merchant 1815: 1810: 1797: 1795: 1782: 1780: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1741: 1737: 1728: 1713: 1696: 1687:F. R. Benson 1659: 1639:Colin Morgan 1637:as Antonio, 1633:as Shylock, 1631:Andrew Scott 1612:Lynn Collins 1606:as Antonio, 1604:Jeremy Irons 1602:as Shylock, 1589: 1582: 1561: 1542: 1536:Haydn Gwynne 1523: 1519:as Bassanio. 1517:John Nettles 1503:directed by 1496: 1486:Jeremy Brett 1484:as Antonio, 1480:as Shylock, 1457: 1447:Charles Gray 1443:Frank Finlay 1439:Maggie Smith 1432: 1424: 1418:Orson Welles 1411: 1402: 1392:Andrée Debar 1388:Michel Simon 1382:directed by 1373: 1365:, an Indian 1360: 1339: 1327: 1323: 1317: 1300: 1283: 1272: 1248:directed by 1243: 1237: 1227: 1195:Henry Irving 1184: 1169: 1137: 1124: 1109: 1094:neoclassical 1077: 1067: 1046:Jeremy Irons 1039: 1026: 1018: 1016: 1009: 993: 977: 976: 963: 937:Harold Bloom 933: 929: 925: 872: 864: 863: 857: 853:Thomas Sully 848: 828: 819: 808:Please help 803:verification 800: 772: 761: 745: 743: 730: 716: 712:happy ending 697: 693: 687: 659:English Jews 656: 642: 633:Harold Bloom 626: 613: 609:adding to it 604: 565:Thomas Heyes 546: 537: 533: 524: 522: 510: 502: 492: 485: 479: 468: 453: 449: 436: 422: 419: 407: 399: 395: 390: 376: 366:antisemitism 363: 328: 323: 316: 307:Plot summary 214:anti-Semitic 199: 180: 162: 161: 160: 55:first quarto 36: 6551:1590s plays 6445:All the Way 6357:Take Me Out 5991:WikiProject 5678:The Theatre 5664:Handwriting 5490:The Puritan 5281:Characters 5246:First Folio 5214:Richard III 4994:The Tempest 4767:Adaptations 4646:Il Pecorone 4545:Shaul Bassi 4377:: 222–233. 4355:in Taipei: 3857:17 December 3832:17 December 3807:17 December 3744:BBC Radio 3 3421:bufvc.ac.uk 2859:Pearce 2009 2796:Guy, Randor 2616:. Venezia: 2586:Smithsonian 2460:4.1.285–298 2276:Dautch 2016 2264:Burrin 2005 2139:4.1.344–346 2000:BBC Radio 3 1982:, based on 1933:during the 1918:The Pianist 1897:The German 1740:. His play 1703:Paris Opéra 1623:BBC Radio 3 1618:as Jessica. 1551:Trevor Nunn 1511:as Portia, 1509:Gemma Jones 1466:John Sichel 1307:Walter West 1199:Ellen Terry 1187:Edwin Booth 1176:Edmund Kean 1172:Jacob Adler 1153:Edmund Kean 1151:A print of 1120:Edmund Kean 1022:W. H. 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