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Masanobu Fukuoka

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748:) have found conventional industrial agriculture systems to be rooted in unsustainable practices that ignore basic biology and the needs of ecosystems. Many of Fukuoka's principles are now being incorporated into modern forms of farming that are more biodiverse, less reliant on chemicals and machines, and which produce similar yields while increasing the health of the soil and surrounding environment. In particular, the concepts of non-tillage, relay cropping, cover-cropping, and plant biodiversity have been shown to prevent soil loss, reduce or eliminate the need for pesticides or fertilizers, and reduce flooding, while increasing water retention, and providing habitat for insects that contribute positively to both crop and ecosystem health. 642: 2031:-pages 132 and 190-216 - page 132 "There is a fundamental difference between nature and the doctrine of laissez-faire or non-intervention. Laissez-faire is the abandoning of nature by man after he has altered it, such as leaving a pine tree untended after it has been transplanted in a garden and pruned, or suddenly letting a calf out to pasture in a mountain meadow after raising it on formula milk." 770: 254: 292:, his father lost most of the family lands in postwar land reform and was left with three-eighths of an acre of rice land and the hillside citrus orchards his son had taken over before the war. Despite these circumstances, in 1947 he took up natural farming again with success, using no-till farming methods to raise rice and barley. He wrote his first book, 281: 1627: 42: 819: 751:
In Japan, where Fukuoka had few followers or associates, his critics argue that the "inner world and the connection between humans and nature does not, however, exhaust reality" and that he did not give sufficient attention to interpersonal relationships or society. These criticisms were in some ways
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Fukuoka's techniques have proven difficult to apply, even on most Japanese farms, and have been described as a sophisticated approach despite their simple appearance. In the initial years of transition from conventional farming there are losses in crop yields. Fukuoka estimated these to be 10% while
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trees remain, although some old iyokan were replaced by new varieties of fruit. Woodlands remain along with orchards, including some areas of wild vegetables still growing amongst them. Some areas of straw-mulched cropping continue to produce grains and vegetables. The farm also features an orchard
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wrote that Fukuoka's techniques are not "directly applicable to most American farms", but ultimately concludes that it would be "a mistake to assume that the practical passages of this book are worthless..." suggesting that Natural Farming would require farmers to have fresh eyes and the right kind
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orchards and used the observations gained to develop the idea of "Natural Farming". Among other practices, he abandoned pruning an area of citrus trees, which caused the trees to become affected by insects and the branches to become entangled. He stated that the experience taught him the difference
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The farm is now run using some natural farming techniques: no chemicals, no tillage of the land and no use of composting. Other techniques have been changed; the pattern of irrigation is more conventional to reduce conflicts with neighbours. A do-nothing philosophy has been followed on the hilltop
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From 1979, Fukuoka travelled the world extensively, giving lectures, working directly to plant seeds and re-vegetate areas, and receiving a number of awards in various countries in recognition of his work and achievements. By the 1980s, Fukuoka recorded that he and his family shipped some 6,000
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The system is based on the recognition of the complexity of living organisms that shape an ecosystem and deliberately exploiting it. Fukuoka saw farming not just as a means of producing food but as an aesthetic and spiritual approach to life, the ultimate goal of which was "the cultivation and
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Fukuoka was the author of several books, scientific papers and other publications, and was featured in television documentaries and interviews from the 1970s onwards. His influences went beyond farming to inspire individuals within the natural food and lifestyle movements. He was an outspoken
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The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation website. (Retrieved 15 December 2010)."In electing Masanobu Fukuoka to receive the 1988 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service, the Board of Trustees recognizes his demonstration to small farmers everywhere that natural farming offers a practical,
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The Earth Care Manual: A Permaculture Handbook For Britain & Other Temperate Climates. Whitefield, Patrick, Permanent Publications, July 2004. 'The work of the Japanese farmer, scientist and sage Masanobu Fukuoka has been very influential in the permaculture movement
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in 1990 and 1991, visiting farms and collecting seeds for re-vegetating deserts in India, which he returned to during November and December that year in an attempt to re-vegetate them. The next year saw him participate in official meetings in Japan associated with the
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has been translated into over 20 languages and sold more than one million copies and Fukuoka has been widely influential, inspiring an international movement of individuals discovering and applying his principles to varying degrees, such as Akinori Kimura,
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In March 1997, the Earth Summit+5 forum in Rio de Janeiro presented him with the Earth Council Award, received in person at a ceremony in Tokyo on 26 May of that year, honouring him for his contributions to sustainable development.
1093: 386:, sowing seeds to re-vegetate desert areas, including working in remote villages and a refugee camp. The following year he returned to the United States, speaking at three international conferences on natural farming in 741:(FAO) opined that his rejection of mechanisation is not justifiable for modern agricultural production and that the system cannot interact effectively with conventional agricultural systems. 2751: 734:
others, such as Yoshikazu Kawaguchi, have found attempting to strictly follow Fukuoka's techniques led to crop failures and require many years of adaption to make the principles work.
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Fukuoka's farm in Shikoku was taken over by his son and daughter-in-law in the late 1980s, as Fukuoka reached an advanced age. His grandson also took up farming. Many of the farm's
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Sustainable agriculture and environment: globalisation and the impact of trade liberalisation Andrew K. Dragun, Clement Allan Tisdell 0 Reviews Edward Elgar, 1999. p.111
1712:. Special Reference Briefs Series no. SRB 99-02, September 1999. Compiled by: Mary V. Gold, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, US Department of Agriculture 242:, and while recovering, he stated that he had a profound spiritual experience that transformed his world view and led him to doubt the practices of modern "Western" 1946:-page 2. "In an instant I had become a different person. I sensed that, with the clearing of the dawn mist, I had been transformed completely, body and soul." 2885: 2880: 2895: 2703: 2649: 2811: 2759: 328:
and Herman Aihara, and was guided by his leading supporter and translation editor Larry Korn. They sowed seeds in desertified land, visited the
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weeding, either by cultivation or by herbicides, is unnecessary; instead, only minimal weed suppression with minimal disturbance should be used
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Kato, Sadamichi (2003). "'Body and Earth Are Not Two' : Kawaguchi Yoshikazu's NATURAL FARMING and American Agriculture Writers".
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Masanobu Fukuoka died on 16 August 2008 at the age of 95, after a period of declining mobility that made him reliant on a wheelchair.
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In 1983, he travelled to Europe for 50 days holding workshops, educating farmers and sowing seeds. In 1985, he spent 40 days in
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in northeastern Thailand, which, together with his books, were influential in the rapid and widespread adoption of organic and
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Pruning the past, shaping the future: David Mas Masumoto and organic nothingness Chou, Shiuh-huah Serena. MELUS, June 22, 2009
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with Yuko Honma but was unable to attend, shipping eight tons of seed in his stead. In 2005, he gave a brief lecture at the
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in Japanese, during the same year, and worked to spread word of the benefits of his methods and philosophy. His later book,
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movement, Fukuoka is considered to be amongst the "five giant personalities who inspired the movement" along with Austrian
2940: 745: 359:, who encouraged Fukuoka's practical involvement in the "Plan of Action to Combat Desertification". He also travelled to 1817:"Farmer Philosopher Masanobu Fukuoka: Humans Must Strive to Know the Unknown (3) Greening Desserts by Clay-Ball Seeding" 2801: 2789: 2865: 2855: 341: 2386: 2112: 2910: 2329: 995:]. Quarterly Buddhism - Supplementary Issue (in Japanese). Vol. 6. Hōzōkan. November 1991. pp. 52–. 887:[(A study) On Citrus gummosis (fungus): specifically in its Perfect State (sexually-reproductive state)]. 583:
were originally an ancient practice in which seeds for the next season's crops are mixed together, sometimes with
2890: 2870: 1783:"Farmer Philosopher Masanobu Fukuoka Humans Must Strive to Know the Unknown (2): What Does Natural Farming Mean?" 630: 246:. He immediately resigned from his post as a research scientist, returning to his family's farm on the island of 1567:, Fukuoka. Contains Masanobu's hand-written classical song-verses and drawings. Bilingual Japanese and English. 2900: 2737: 2304:
environmentally safe, and bountiful alternative to modern commercial practices and their harmful consequences".
1640: 615: 329: 218:, Japan, the second son of Kameichi Fukuoka, an educated and wealthy land owner and local leader. He attended 2700: 399: 1655: 867:
surrounding Fukuoka's hut. Here it has become a natural, fruit-bearing forest with minimal intervention.
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More recently however, the FAO (along with multiple research universities and organizations such as the
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Mollison, Bill (15–21 September 1978). "The One-Straw Revolution by Masanobu Fukuoka - book review".
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trees and jungle country. He taught the making and sowing of clay seed balls in Vietnam during 1995.
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and to produce a film of the major seed ball effort. The next year he returned to Europe, visiting
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Earth Council Awards 1997 Japan - Japanese Government Environment department website press release
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in 2001, and in 2002 he returned again to India to speak at the "Nature as Teacher" workshop at
2367:, edited by N. H. Lampkin, S. Padel, p. 12. University of California. CAB International, 1994. 1055:[Nature Farmings' continuation's social revolution —The Path Leading to Natural Mind]. 2622: 2525: 2441: 2368: 2344: 2255: 2238:"Seed Bombs: A Guide to Their Various Forms and Functions. On Guerilla Gardening.org (English) 2100:- official web page for his session in 2005 Aug 4. (Japanese only; Retrieved 30 November 2010) 1912: 1908: 1865: 1831: 1797: 1763: 1675: 1665: 1576: 1568: 1504: 1490: 1462: 1437: 1411: 1375: 1350: 1324: 1296: 1253: 1228: 1203: 1066: 1031: 996: 961: 928: 906: 706: 702: 698: 238:
Customs Bureau in 1934 as an agricultural customs inspector. In 1937 he was hospitalised with
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Conservation Agriculture: Impact on farmers' livelihoods, labour, mechanization and equipment
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agricultural experiment station on subjects including farming research and food production.
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Sowing Seeds in the Desert: Natural Farming, Global Restoration, and Ultimate Food Security
2707: 2635: 2468: 2390: 2300: 1890: 1065:]. Quarterly Buddhism (in Japanese). Vol. 28. Hōzōkan. July 1994. pp. 176–. 654: 527: 504: 434: 368: 262: 231: 219: 187: 183: 122: 2674: 1614:; directed/produced by Patrick M. Lydon and Suhee Kang. 74 minutes. Subtitled in English. 1056: 1021: 986: 951: 1850: 1816: 1782: 1748: 960:]. Quarterly Buddhism (in Japanese). Vol. 7. Hōzōkan. May 1989. pp. 159–. 730:
of concern for their land in order to come up with methods relevant to their own farms.
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later that year to assist plans to re-vegetate 10,000 hectares (40 sq. mi.) around the
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by Masanobu Fukuoka, New York Review Books. Published 1978, 2009 edition, pages 33-34
1993:"The 1988 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service - "BIOGRAPHY of Masanobu Fukuoka"" 1690: 1680: 1670: 836: 726: 710: 469: 391: 372: 360: 2533: 2269:""The 1988 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service - CITATION for Masanobu Fukuoka" 641: 288:
In 1940, Fukuoka married his wife Ayako, and they had five children together. After
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Memorial Lecture to attendees from all six continents. That autumn he was to visit
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in Rio, Brazil, and in 1996 he returned to Africa, sowing seeds in desert areas of
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Nurturing the Soil, Feeding the People: An Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture
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During his first journey overseas, Fukuoka was accompanied by his wife Ayako, met
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His books are considered both farming compendiums and guides to a way of life.
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Esu Coop Osaka exchange visit to Fukuoka Masanobu's son's family's nature farm
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for Public Service in the Philippines, often considered "Asia's Nobel Prize".
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The One Straw Revolution: Recapitulation -Journeying with clay seed balls-
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From 1938, Fukuoka began to practice and experiment with new techniques on
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Elder Mr. Fukuoka meeting again with owner of Mahoroba Natural Foods store
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The Natural Way Of Farming - The Theory and Practice of Green Philosophy
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mushroom crops growing on tree logs in shady woodland, and plantings of
2650:"Farmers Are Excited About Soil Health. That's Good News for All of Us" 1362:"Kami to Shizen to Hito no Kakumei": Wara Ippon no Kakumei – Sōkatsuhen 1092: 927:(in Japanese) (214). Cooperative Research Institute: 19–36. July 1971. 856: 662: 588: 546: 542: 379: 247: 198:-free cultivation methods from which he created a particular method of 2524:(2). UK: Department of East Asian Studies, University of Leeds: 1–21. 2029:
The Natural Way Of Farming-The Theory and Practice of Green Philosophy
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addressed by the next generation of natural farmers in Japan such as
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between nature and non-intervention. His efforts were interrupted by
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What is Wisdom?: Buddhist way-of-knowing Present-day way-of-knowing
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View of Fukuoka's family farm (center right) and hill in Iyo, Ehime
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Greening The Desert: Applying natural farming techniques in Africa
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crates of citrus to Tokyo each year, totalling about 90 tonnes.
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May 2006 NHK television interview between Fukuoka Masanobu and
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In the early 2000s, Theodor Friedrich and Josef Kienzle of the
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The Economics of Organic Farming: An International Perspective
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to form into small balls. This method is now commonly used in
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and re-vegetation of desertified lands. He was a proponent of
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Fukuoka re-invented and advanced the use of clay seed balls.
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The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming
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The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming
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in 1998, carrying out Natural Farming research, and visited
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Ramon Magsaysay Award, Desikottam Award, Earth Council Award
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on the topic: Journey around the world with Clay seed balls
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Linking foresight and sustainability: An integral approach
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Forest's Philosophy - Toward a new philosophy of religion
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In 1998, Fukuoka received a grant of US$ 10,000 from the
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advocate of the value of observing nature's principles.
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Wara Ippon no Kakumei: Sōkatsuhen – Nendo Dango no Tabi
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are unnecessary, as is the process of preparing compost
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The Road Back to Nature - Regaining the Paradise Lost
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Japan's nature model farming for more than 30 years.
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Gengo Bunka Ronshū = Studies in Language and Culture
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The Road Back to Nature: Regaining the Paradise Lost
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Mu: Bessatsu Midori no Tetsugaku – Nōgyō Kakumei Ron
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Shizen Nōhō: Midori no Tetsugaku no Riron to Jissen
1124:, self-published, incorporated into later editions. 140: 128: 117: 106: 98: 76: 51: 32: 2518:Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies 1436:, self-published; republished by Shunjūsha, 2010. 1252:, self-published; republished by Shunjūsha, 1985. 1227:, self-published; republished by Shunjūsha, 1985. 549:are unnecessary, as is the use of powered machines 537:The four principles of natural farming are that: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2349:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1727:Online review version (Retrieved 25 March 2014). 889:Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 456:Farm and at Bija Vidyapeeth Earth University in 2174: 2125: 1560: 1447: 1422: 1386: 1360: 1335: 1306: 1281: 1263: 1238: 1213: 1176: 1161: 1143: 1128: 1110: 510: 167: 2294:"RESPONSE of Masanobu Fukuoka 31 August 1988". 2181: 2132: 2116: 2076: 2045: 2021: 1973: 1960: 1932: 1554: 1524: 1454: 1429: 1403: 1393: 1367: 1342: 1313: 1288: 1270: 1245: 1220: 1193: 1183: 1168: 1150: 1135: 1117: 517: 302: 2556:Friedrich, Theodor and Kienzle, Josef (2008) 1723:Alternative Agriculture in Thailand and Japan 1710:Sustainable Agriculture: Definition and Terms 925:Cooperative Research Institute Monthly Report 606:to rapidly seed restricted or private areas. 8: 2604:"No-Till Organic Relay Cropping in Kentucky" 526:, most commonly translated into English as " 2740:(Japanese only; Retrieved 30 November 2010) 2319:(Japanese only; Retrieved 30 November 2010) 509:Fukuoka called his agricultural philosophy 27:Japanese farmer and philosopher (1913–2008) 2332:. Archived from the original on 2003-02-23 1781:Toyoda, Natsuko (November–December 2008). 1747:Toyoda, Natsuko (September–October 2008). 1142:, self-published, later incorporated into 29: 2802:Masanobu Fukuoka: Japanese Organic Farmer 1849:Toyoda, Natsuko (January–February 2010). 1815:Toyoda, Natsuko (January–February 2009). 900: 806:Learn how and when to remove this message 394:and at the Agriculture Department of the 653:In the international development of the 1702: 214:Fukuoka was born on 2 February 1913 in 2631: 2620: 2463: 2462: 2451: 2342: 2098:World Expo Aichi Japan 2005 appearance 1721:Setboonsarng, S. and Gilman, J. 1999. 1538:, edited by Larry Korn, Chelsea Green. 1449:Shizen Nōhō: Fukuoka Masanobu no Sekai 645:Book cover of Gurmukhi translation of 222:Agricultural College and trained as a 777:This section may contain information 721:In the preface to the US editions of 7: 2796:Masanobu Fukuoka and Natural Farming 2214:Agriculture: A Fundamental Principle 1864:. Tokyo: Japan Economic Foundation. 1830:. Tokyo: Japan Economic Foundation. 1796:. Tokyo: Japan Economic Foundation. 1762:. Tokyo: Japan Economic Foundation. 822:Fukuoka's farm land in February 2011 396:University of California, Santa Cruz 2818:Farmer philosopher Masanobu Fukuoka 1611:Final Straw: Food, Earth, Happiness 1400:. Co-authored with Toshio Kanamitsu 985:[Sow seeds in the desert]. 618:'s Desikottam Award as well as the 172:, 2 February 1913 – 16 August 2008) 2886:21st-century Japanese philosophers 2881:20th-century Japanese philosophers 2176:Shizen Nōhō: Wara Ippon no Kakumei 1295:; republished by Shunjūsha, 1983. 1283:Shizen Nōhō: Wara Ippon no Kakumei 25: 2896:Non-fiction environmental writers 2792:, interview with Masanobu Fukuoka 2750:Brown, Trent (28 November 2015). 2384:Akinori Kimura's "Miracle Apples" 1175:, self-published; republished as 739:Food and Agriculture Organization 2432:(1). 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科 : 23–30. 2152:. 18 August 2008. Archived from 1625: 768: 273:, during which he worked at the 40: 2509:Parnwell, Michael J.G. (2005). 2426:Studies in Language and Culture 2027:1985 translation -updated 1987 1028:"Japanese Buddhism" A Criticism 760:Family farm recent developments 1911:, rev ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. 1603:Fukuoka Masanobu goes to India 1130:Hyakushō Yawa: 「Fu」Shizen Nōhō 920:私の農法(講演〔「近代農法の反省と今後の農業」セミナーより) 713:rice farming in the district. 614:In 1988, Fukuoka received the 363:and surrounding areas such as 1: 2916:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners 2785:Masanobu Fukuoka Natural Farm 2113:Spiritual Era ~ Religion・Life 1975:昭和12年 5月 15日 横浜に於て開悟 自然農法の道一筋 746:Union of Concerned Scientists 598:, and then are rolled within 534:perfection of human beings". 2393:(Retrieved 30 November 2010) 2053:The Ultimatum of God Nature 1940:The Ultimatum of God Nature 1515:The Ultimatum of God Nature 257:Fukuoka's hill in Iyo, Ehime 2710:(blog page posted 2004 Dec) 2175: 2126: 1893:Retrieved 30 November 2010. 1561: 1448: 1423: 1387: 1361: 1336: 1307: 1282: 1264: 1239: 1214: 1177: 1162: 1144: 1129: 1111: 541:human cultivation of soil, 511: 468:, he gave the third annual 342:Green Gulch Farm Zen Center 168: 2957: 2812:Nature - Nature knows best 2258:(Retrieved 5 January 2011) 1966:[(a title translate:) 1595:The Close To Nature Garden 1550:Iroha Revolutionary Verses 669:in the United Kingdom and 502: 355:representatives including 46:Masanobu Fukuoka, in 2002. 2936:20th-century philosophers 2861:Japanese conservationists 2182: 2133: 2117: 2077: 2046: 2022: 1974: 1961: 1933: 1555: 1525: 1455: 1430: 1404: 1394: 1368: 1343: 1314: 1289: 1271: 1246: 1221: 1194: 1184: 1169: 1163:Mu 2: Midori no Tetsugaku 1151: 1136: 1118: 783:to the article's subject. 631:Rockefeller Brothers Fund 518: 303: 159: 39: 2926:Sustainability advocates 2876:Japanese microbiologists 2725:TERRE issue No. 12 2007 2421: 2226:The One-Straw Revolution 2055:The One-Straw Revolution 1942:The One-Straw Revolution 1641:Conservation agriculture 1517:The One-Straw Revolution 1097:Mu 1: The God Revolution 1057: 1052: 1022: 1017: 987: 982: 952: 947: 919: 902:10.3186/jjphytopath.7.32 883: 723:The One-Straw Revolution 680:The One-Straw Revolution 616:Visva-Bharati University 330:University of California 311:The One-Straw Revolution 294:Mu 1: The God Revolution 135:The One-Straw Revolution 18:The One-Straw Revolution 2931:Sustainable food system 2240:(Retrieved 25 May 2011) 1883:NHK TV 1976 Documentary 400:Indian Science Congress 2906:People from Iyo, Ehime 2832:; Japan Economic Forum 2047:わら一本の革命・総括編「神と自然と人の革命」 1934:わら一本の革命・総括編「神と自然と人の革命」 1656:Reconciliation ecology 1369:「神と自然と人の革命」わら一本の革命・総括編 1100: 1053:自然農法のよる社会革命 —自然の心に到る道— 823: 673:in the United States. 650: 464:in northern India. On 285: 258: 228:agricultural scientist 111:Agricultural scientist 2921:Religious naturalists 1651:Ecosystem restoration 1240:Mu 1: Kami no Kakumei 1178:Mu 2: Mu no Tetsugaku 1099:(English translation) 1095: 821: 781:important or relevant 644: 620:Ramon Magsaysay Award 346:Lundberg Family Farms 298:Mu 1: Kami no Kakumei 283: 256: 2941:20th-century farmers 2186:, 1975, in Japanese) 1962:わら一本の革命 総括編 —粘土団子の旅— 1851:"The Key to Success" 1431:わら一本の革命 総括編 —粘土団子の旅— 788:improve this section 647:One Straw Revolution 425:He travelled to the 244:agricultural science 2798:, Gandhi Foundation 2762:on 10 December 2015 2608:Cornell Small Farms 1145:Mu: Kami no Kakumei 1058:森の哲学 - 新たな宗教哲学をめざして 754:Yoshikazu Kawaguchi 689:Yoshikazu Kawaguchi 439:Pella regional unit 250:in southern Japan. 182:celebrated for his 2866:Japanese educators 2856:Japanese Buddhists 2783:Official Website: 2706:2011-09-16 at the 2389:2010-11-25 at the 2299:7 May 2011 at the 1907:Scheewe W. 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Index

The One-Straw Revolution

Iyo
Japan
Iyo
Japan
Agricultural scientist
natural farming
Japanese
Hepburn
farmer
philosopher
natural farming
no-till
herbicide
pesticide
agriculture
Iyo, Ehime
Gifu Prefecture
microbiologist
agricultural scientist
plant pathology
Yokohama
pneumonia
agricultural science
Shikoku

organic
citrus
World War II

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