103:, and in some unrelated areas, such as education. During its early years, it had a circulation of around 20,000 subscribers, each paying $ 1 per year (increased to $ 1.50 per year during the Civil War). It was among the most popular and authoritative publications in the field of phrenology during this time. Though phrenology was deeply steeped in racism, an article republished in 1847 was relatively progressive in tone: Descendants of Africans were able to possess "as good a brain as would be possessed by any white, under the same circumstances", if they so desired and continually worked to foster intellectual development.
22:
136:, while he was awaiting trial. He concluded that Cinqué had phrenological attributes that signaled power and leadership, and an intelligence "superior to the majority of negroes' in our own country". The Fowlers later sold busts of Cinqué and republished the story in 1840.
98:
and racist area of research correlating skull measurements to personality and intelligence – and to apply them. It was an eclectic periodical; in addition to its phrenological research, it acquired and published writing in the domains of medical science,
47:, a collection of theories correlating skull features to personality and intelligence. The newspaper was founded in 1838 and dissolved in 1911. It was supported by the phrenologist Fowler family, who published it under the auspices of the
149:. They concluded she sought to "bring about moral, social, and intellectual reforms" because of her dissatisfaction with the world. Abolitionists and their publications, including the
75:
periodical, though the details of its foundation are largely unknown. It was financially and ideologically supported by the phrenologist Fowler family, including
566:
51:. Several prominent historical figures underwent phrenological analyses by the Fowlers and the findings published in the journal; these include abolitionist
561:
571:
317:
576:
145:
162:
was published in the journal; it concluded he was determined and of a nervous temperament. Jessie A. Fowler likely wrote it.
21:
266:
515:
Foster, Travis M. (2010). "Grotesque sympathy: Lydia Maria Child, white reform, and the embodiment of urban space".
218:
Bittel, Carla (2013). "Woman, know thyself: Producing and using phrenological knowledge in 19th-century
America".
151:
80:
48:
116:
94:
In its first issue, the journal explained that its purpose was support the theories underlying phrenology – a
79:, Lorenzo Fowler, and Samuel R. Wells; Wells became its leading editor during the 1870s. It was published by
472:
556:
220:
76:
532:
497:
489:
440:
423:
391:
345:
333:
309:
283:
123:
leader, concluding that his skull indicated he was a violent, destructive, and malevolent figure.
448:
353:
313:
140:
52:
374:
Hamilton, Cynthia S. (2008). "'Am I not a man and a brother?': Phrenology and anti-slavery".
524:
481:
432:
383:
275:
229:
106:
In the late 1890s, Jessie A. Fowler became the editor of the journal. It dissolved in 1911.
84:
419:"Mark Twain, phrenology, and the 'temperaments': A study of pseudoscientific influence"
550:
536:
501:
395:
287:
95:
40:
155:, began to accept phrenology as a useful science in their political reform projects.
414:
279:
88:
120:
100:
387:
306:
Clashes on Native
American land: Framing environmental and scientific disputes
159:
132:
72:
56:
44:
233:
452:
357:
127:
83:, and it attributed the rise of interest in phrenology during the 1830s to
485:
493:
467:
349:
528:
444:
418:
260:
Gibbons, Michelle E. (2009). "'Voices from the people': Letters to the
29:, depicting five races: Indian, Malay, Caucasian, Mongolian, and Negro.
139:
In
September 1841, the Fowlers conducted a phrenological analysis of
126:
That same year, Lorenzo Fowler conducted a phrenological analysis of
436:
20:
308:. Palgrave Studies in Media and Environmental Communication.
39:
was a periodical in the United States devoted to the racist
336:(1980). "Margaret Fuller and the phrenologist-publishers".
115:
In 1839, the
Fowlers conducted a phrenological analysis of
468:"Phrenology and the science of race in antebellum America"
130:, a key figure in the rebellion onboard the slave ship
158:
In 1901, a phrenological analysis of
American writer
304:Coleman, Cynthia-Lou (2020). "Black Hawk's skull".
188:American Phrenological Journal and Miscellany
69:American Phrenological Journal and Miscellany
25:Front cover of the January 1875 issue of the
8:
299:
297:
182:Phrenological Journal and Science of Health
143:, a writer and abolitionist who edited the
517:ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance
369:
367:
194:Phrenological Journal and Life Illustrated
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
245:
243:
409:
407:
405:
210:
172:
7:
567:Publications disestablished in 1911
338:Studies in the American Renaissance
14:
16:American phrenological periodical
562:Publications established in 1838
280:10.1080/00947679.2009.12062787
262:American Phrenological Journal
146:National Anti-Slavery Standard
36:American Phrenological Journal
27:American Phrenological Journal
1:
593:
81:Fowler & Wells Company
49:Fowler & Wells Company
572:English-language journals
388:10.1080/01440390802027780
71:was founded in 1838 as a
577:Fringe science journals
466:Branson, Susan (2017).
376:Slavery & Abolition
234:10.1111/1600-0498.12015
473:Early American Studies
30:
486:10.1353/eam.2017.0005
197:, and by other names.
24:
334:Stern, Madeleine B.
77:Orson Squire Fowler
529:10.1353/esq.0.0045
424:American Quarterly
310:Palgrave Macmillan
267:Journalism History
179:Also known as the
31:
141:Lydia Maria Child
53:Lydia Maria Child
584:
541:
540:
512:
506:
505:
463:
457:
456:
411:
400:
399:
371:
362:
361:
330:
324:
323:
301:
292:
291:
257:
238:
237:
215:
198:
177:
110:Persons analyzed
96:pseudoscientific
85:Johann Spurzheim
592:
591:
587:
586:
585:
583:
582:
581:
547:
546:
545:
544:
514:
513:
509:
465:
464:
460:
437:10.2307/2711914
413:
412:
403:
373:
372:
365:
332:
331:
327:
320:
303:
302:
295:
259:
258:
241:
217:
216:
212:
207:
202:
201:
178:
174:
169:
112:
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
590:
588:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
549:
548:
543:
542:
507:
480:(1): 164–193.
458:
401:
382:(2): 173–187.
363:
325:
318:
293:
264:, 1854–1864".
239:
228:(2): 104–130.
209:
208:
206:
203:
200:
199:
171:
170:
168:
165:
164:
163:
156:
137:
124:
111:
108:
64:
61:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
589:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
552:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
511:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:
469:
462:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
415:Gribben, Alan
410:
408:
406:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
370:
368:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
326:
321:
319:9783030341060
315:
311:
307:
300:
298:
294:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:
263:
256:
254:
252:
250:
248:
246:
244:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:
214:
211:
204:
196:
195:
190:
189:
184:
183:
176:
173:
166:
161:
157:
154:
153:
148:
147:
142:
138:
135:
134:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
113:
109:
107:
104:
102:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:phrenological
70:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:pseudoscience
38:
37:
28:
23:
19:
520:
516:
510:
477:
471:
461:
431:(1): 45–68.
428:
422:
379:
375:
341:
337:
328:
305:
274:(2): 72–81.
271:
265:
261:
225:
219:
213:
193:
192:
187:
186:
181:
180:
175:
150:
144:
131:
105:
93:
89:George Combe
68:
66:
35:
34:
32:
26:
18:
523:(1): 1–32.
344:: 229–237.
101:physiognomy
55:and writer
557:Phrenology
551:Categories
205:References
160:Mark Twain
133:La Amistad
117:Black Hawk
57:Mark Twain
45:phrenology
537:162305955
502:152210042
396:145276656
288:197745215
221:Centaurus
152:Liberator
494:90000339
453:11634496
417:(1972).
358:11636034
350:30228171
445:2711914
63:History
535:
500:
492:
451:
443:
394:
356:
348:
316:
286:
185:, the
128:Cinqué
533:S2CID
498:S2CID
490:JSTOR
441:JSTOR
392:S2CID
346:JSTOR
284:S2CID
167:Notes
449:PMID
354:PMID
314:ISBN
121:Sauk
119:, a
87:and
67:The
33:The
525:doi
482:doi
433:doi
384:doi
342:229
276:doi
230:doi
43:of
553::
531:.
521:51
519:.
496:.
488:.
478:15
476:.
470:.
447:.
439:.
429:24
427:.
421:.
404:^
390:.
380:29
378:.
366:^
352:.
340:.
312:.
296:^
282:.
272:35
270:.
242:^
226:55
224:.
191:,
91:.
59:.
539:.
527::
504:.
484::
455:.
435::
398:.
386::
360:.
322:.
290:.
278::
236:.
232::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
