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accustomed to flying in the rear cockpit of mail planes with mail bags in the front. When he wanted to see forward, he would slightly yaw the aircraft and look out the side. To provide some forward vision as a precaution against hitting ship masts, trees, or structures while flying at low altitude, a Ryan employee who had served in the submarine service installed a periscope which
Lindbergh helped design. It is unclear whether the periscope was used during the flight. The instrument panel housed fuel pressure, oil pressure and temperature gauges, a clock, altimeter, tachometer, airspeed indicator, bank and turn indicator, and a liquid magnetic compass. The main compass was mounted behind Lindbergh in the cockpit, and he read it using the mirror from a women's makeup case which was mounted to the ceiling using chewing gum. Lindbergh also installed a newly developed
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517:. The engine was rated for a maximum operating time of 9,000 hours (more than one year if operated continuously) and had a special mechanism that could keep it clean for the entire New York-to-Paris flight. It was also, for its day, very fuel-efficient, enabling longer flights carrying less fuel weight for given distances. Another key feature of the Whirlwind radial engine was that it was rated to self-lubricate the engine's valves for 40 hours continuously. Lubricating, or "greasing," the moving external engine parts was a necessity most aeronautical engines of the day required, to be done manually by the pilot or ground crew prior to every flight and would have been otherwise required somehow to be done during the long flight.
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1816:"Made in Grand Rapids" is the tag on the material forming the important structural part of the "Spirit of St. Louis," the airplane which Col. Charles Augustus Lindbergh flew from New York to Paris. The backbone of this monoplane, which made the 3,600-mile non-stop voyage across the Atlantic, was formed from haskelite plywood, made at the large plant of the Haskelite Manufacturing Corporation, 1850–1950 Broadway Avenue, NW. In the Lindbergh plane the cabin, wing ribs, wing beams, leading edges and practically all parts of the ship in which plywood was used were of haskelite.
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1002:(1925–1993). The reproduction project had been started by Cole before his own death and has mostly been subsequently built by former ORA pilot and current vintage aircraft maintenance manager Ken Cassens, receiving its wing covering, completed with doped fabric in 2015. A restored Wright J-5 Whirlwind radial was obtained by Palen in the 1970s for the project's start, with original, and still-functional 1920s-era flight instruments being incorporated — including the same basic type of
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in five fuel tanks, a forward tank – 88 U.S. gal (330 L; 73 imp gal), the main – 209 U.S. gal (790 L; 174 imp gal), and three wing tanks – total of 153 U.S. gal (580 L; 127 imp gal). Lindbergh modified the design of the plane's "trombone struts" attached to the landing gear to provide a wider wheelbase in order to accommodate the weight of the fuel.
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airmail pilot, he refused to carry souvenir letters on the transatlantic journey, insisting that every spare ounce be devoted to fuel. The fuselage was made of treated fabric over a metal tube frame, while the wings were made of fabric over a wood frame. The plywood material that was used to build most of
Lindbergh's plane was made at the Haskelite Manufacturing Corporation in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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original silver appearance when the aircraft was to be taken down for conservation, but later decided that the golden hue on the engine cowling will remain, as it is part of the aircraft's natural state after acquisition and during its years on display. The effort to preserve artifacts is not to alter them but to maintain them as much as possible in the state in which the
Smithsonian acquired them.
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elements into its overall flight characteristics. There is a dispute regarding whether Hall and
Lindbergh also preferred this design because they anticipated that the continuous corrections to the random movements of the aircraft would help to keep Lindbergh awake during the estimated 40-hour flight.
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to commemorate the 50th anniversary of
Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic Ocean and subsequent tour of the United States. This example is now on display in the main museum gallery. A second reproduction, started from scratch in 1977 and first flown in November 1990, continues to fly at air shows
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purchased a
Mahoney Ryan B-1 Brougham (NC3009) with money from his wife, naming the plane the "Spirit of San Diego." In the aftermath of the media exposure surrounding Lindbergh's transatlantic flight, he flew to Washington with his wife on board to greet the triumphant Lindbergh. Due to the ensuing
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radial engine provided the best chance of success. The Ryan NYP had a total fuel capacity of 450 U.S. gallons (1,700 L; 370 imp gal) or 2,710 pounds (1,230 kg) of gasoline, which was necessary in order to have the range to make the anticipated flight non-stop. The fuel was stored
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reproduction ever built. With the intention of creating a copy of the aircraft "as it sits now," with all the patches, updates or modifications recreated in pains-taking detail and the added bonus of being airworthy Norman completed the project in 2019. The maiden flight was performed July 28, 2019
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in just 60 days. Although what was actually paid to Ryan
Airlines for the project is not clear, Mahoney agreed to build the plane for $ 6,000 and said that there would be no profit; he offered an engine, instruments, etc. at cost. After first approaching several major aircraft manufacturers without
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Retrieved: September 27, 2010. "Caption: Photographed a couple of seconds before the aircraft broke up and fell out of the sky. The wing folded upwards and the aircraft broke into pieces just as it reached the end of the runway. This aircraft was a replica in which
Charles Lindbergh made his first
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decided that the empennage (tail assembly) and wing control surfaces would not be altered from his original Ryan M-2 design, thus minimizing redesign time that was not available without delaying the flight. The result was less aerodynamic stability; nevertheless, the experienced
Lindbergh approved
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Lindbergh sat in a cramped cockpit which was 36 in × 32 in × 52 in (91 cm × 81 cm × 132 cm) in width, length, and height. It was so small, Lindbergh could not stretch his legs, nevertheless it was to be his home for nearly two days and nights over
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Lindbergh was convinced: "I believe in Hall's ability; I like
Mahoney's enthusiasm. I have confidence in the character of the workmen I've met." He then went to the airfield to familiarize himself with a Ryan aircraft, either an M-1 or an M-2, then telegraphed his St. Louis backers and recommended
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Mahoney was away from the factory, but Ryan answered, "Can build plane similar M-1 but larger wings... delivery about three months." Lindbergh wired back that due to competition, delivery in less than three months was essential. Many years later, John Vanderlinde, chief mechanic of Ryan Airlines,
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The "History Detectives" (Season 3, Episode 1; Season 4, Episode 5) PBS program confirms through three documents and interviews of several experts that the uncle of two brothers, now in possession of the letter (image on first reference), did indeed build the J5 rotary aeronautical engine of the
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to the forward panels in an attempt to preserve the flags and other artwork painted on the engine cowling. This protective coating has yellowed with age, resulting in the golden hue seen today. Smithsonian officials at some point planned to remove the varnish and restore the nose panels to their
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Lindbergh also insisted that unnecessary weight be eliminated, even going so far as to cut the top and bottom off of his flight map. He carried no radio in order to save weight and because the radios of the period were unreliable and difficult to use while flying solo. Also, although he was an
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Lindbergh's New York-to-Paris flight made him an instant celebrity and media star. In winning the Orteig Prize, Lindbergh stirred the public's imagination. He wrote: "I was astonished at the effect my successful landing in France had on the nations of the world. It was like a match lighting a
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and reduced the risk of the pilot being crushed to death between the main tank and the engine in the event of a crash. This design decision meant that there could be no front windshield, and that forward visibility would be limited to the side windows. This did not concern Lindbergh as he was
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Direct correspondence with Dr. F. Robert van der Linden, Chairman, Aeronautics Division at the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution in response to a direct inquiry to their Archives department about this matter. Dr. van der Linden is the curator responsible for the
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The engine was built at Wright Aeronautical in Paterson, New Jersey, by a 24-year-old engine builder, Tom Rutledge, who was disappointed that he was assigned to the unknown aviator, Lindbergh. Four days after the flight, he received a letter of congratulations from the Wright management.
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in May 1928, we sought to preserve the markings by applying a clear coat of varnish or shellac. Unfortunately, over the years, this coating has yellowed with age. While it has taken on a beautiful golden hue, the color is wrong. The aluminum cowling should be in its natural silver
987:(Registration ES-XCL), which had been built and certified in Estonia in 1997, was written off on May 31, 2003. Shortly after takeoff at an air show in Coventry, England, structural failure occurred, resulting in a fatal crash, killing its owner-pilot, Captain Pierre Holländer.
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Even though the airframe only had 191 total hours, the accident investigation revealed the cause of the crash to be a metal fatigue failure of the starboard wing's "wishbone" strut resulting from a faulty weld. Captain Pierre Holländer was a veteran (22,000+ hours) Swedish
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60 days after Lindbergh arrived in San Diego. Powered by a Wright Whirlwind J-5C 223-hp radial engine, it had a 14 m (46-foot) wingspan, 3 m (10 ft) longer than the M-1, to accommodate the heavy load of 1,610 L (425 gal) of fuel. In his 1927 book
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appears today much as it appeared on its accession into the Smithsonian collection in 1928, except that the gold color of the aircraft's aluminum nose panels is an artifact of well-intended early conservation efforts: Not long after the museum took possession of the
892:, who portrayed Lindbergh in the film. Stewart is credited as having donated the aircraft to the museum. Lindbergh was reputed to have flown one of the reproductions during the film's production, however, the connection to Lindbergh is now considered a myth.
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Lindbergh arrived in San Diego on February 23 and toured the factory with Mahoney, meeting Bowlus, chief engineer Donald Hall, and sales manager A. J. Edwards. After further discussions between Mahoney, Hall and Lindbergh, Mahoney offered to build the
604:. This propeller spinner was found to be cracked when Lindbergh arrived at New York prior to his transatlantic flight. A replacement was hastily made in New York to replace the cracked original and was on the aircraft during the transatlantic flight.
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mailplane, the main difference being the NYP's 4,000-mile (6,400 km) range. As a nonstandard design, the government assigned it the registration number N-X-211 (for "experimental"). Hall documented his design in "Engineering Data on the
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In 2015 the aircraft was lowered to the floor of the museum's Milestone's gallery, and the tires were temporarily replaced with "forklift" style tires. This was done to preserve the Spirit's original tires which, due to age and lessening of
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during his 3-month tour of the US, he allowed Major Thomas Lamphier (Commander of the 1st Pursuit Squadron, Selfridge Field) and Lieutenant Philip R. Love (classmate in flight school and colleague of Lindbergh's in the airmail service of
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employees who designed and built it. It was meant as a message of good luck prior to Lindbergh's solo Atlantic crossing as the symbol was often used as a popular good luck charm with early aviators and others. The inside of the original
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in 1925 and Ryan remained with the company after Mahoney bought out his interest in 1926, although there is some dispute as to how involved Ryan may have been in its management after selling his share. It is known, however, that
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in Paris, France, a distance of approximately 3,600 miles (5,800 km). He also flew this aircraft on numerous occasions, delivering mail in and out of the United States. One of the best-known aircraft in the world, the
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located in Garden City, Long Island, New York, not far from the site of Roosevelt Field from which the original departed in 1927. According to information at the Henry Ford Museum, their copy (B-156) was actually owned by
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emerged as a five-seater with the same J-5 engine but modified with a conventional cockpit layout and a shorter wingspan. Under the newly restructured B.F. Mahoney Company, further development continued with the six-place
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solo transatlantic crossing from New York to Paris on the 20th/21st May 1927. The Ryan monoplane was named 'Spirit of St Louis' and was to be the star of the air show. The pilot was killed. Our thoughts go to his family."
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Whether or not the unstable design was deliberately retained to help fight fatigue, Lindbergh did later write how these random unanticipated movements helped keep him awake at various times during the flight. The stiff
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At Lindbergh's request, the large main and forward fuel tanks were placed in the forward section of the fuselage, in front of the pilot, with the oil tank acting as a firewall. This arrangement improved the
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was retired in April 1928, the Mahoney Aircraft Corporation presented Lindbergh with a Mahoney Ryan B-1 "Brougham". In 1928, Mahoney built a B-1X (NX4215) as a gift for Charles Lindbergh.
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is a golden color because of a well-intentioned but mistaken attempt by us to preserve the markings on the cowling. We don’t know exactly when, but soon after the Smithsonian acquired the
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publicity, Hawks was hired by the Ryan Aircraft company to be its official representative. Hawks went on to tour the country, selling rides in the aircraft "like Lindy flew."
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was powered by a 223 hp (166 kW), air-cooled, nine-cylinder Wright J-5C Whirlwind radial engine, by most accounts an exceptionally engineered powerplant by engineer
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Lindbergh believed that multiple engines resulted in a greater risk of failure while a single-engine design would give him greater range. To increase fuel efficiency, the
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recalled, "But nothing fazed B.F. Mahoney, the young sportsman who had just bought Ryan." Mahoney telegraphed Lindbergh back the same day: "Can complete in two months."
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in Eden Prairie, MN. In 1999, the San Diego Air & Space Museum built a non-flying example that was fitted with an original Wright J-5 engine. It is on display at
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for ten minutes each on July 1 and August 8, 1927, respectively. These two are apparently the only persons other than Lindbergh who ever piloted the
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over a map of its flight from New York to Paris, and which was also the first stamp issued by the post office that bore the name of a living person.
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929:(formerly San Diego Aerospace Museum) and placed on public display until it was destroyed by arson in 1978. The museum built a replacement named
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of Ryan Airlines and named the "Spirit of St. Louis" in honor of Lindbergh's supporters from the St. Louis Raquette Club in his then hometown of
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In late 2021, a documentary feature film centered on the project and its builder began production. A tentative summer 2023 release is expected.
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This reproduction aircraft successfully flew in early December 2015 in upstate New York, piloted by aircraft restorer/builder Ken Cassens of
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for the first nonstop flight between New York and Paris. Hall and Ryan Airlines staff worked closely with Lindbergh to design and build the
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was removed from display and was flown as a 75th Anniversary tribute to Lindbergh. The aircraft is now on display in the museum's rotunda.
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at Rantoul, Illinois also has a static reproduction built by museum volunteers. Two reproductions are also found in Germany, one at the
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One year and two days after making their first flight at Dutch Flats in San Diego, California, on April 28, 1927, Lindbergh and the
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Although Ryan capitalized on the notoriety of the NYP special, further developments were only superficially comparable to the
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Mahoney lived up to his commitment. Working exclusively on the aircraft and closely with Lindbergh, the staff completed the
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success, in early February 1927 Lindbergh, who as a U.S. Air Mail pilot was familiar with the good record of the M-1 with
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for $ 10,580, restating his commitment to deliver it in 60 days. Lindbergh contributed $ 2,000 toward the cost of the
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and Lindbergh's transatlantic flight, technical details of the aircraft, and a pilot's narrative of flying a replica.
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was the factory manager who oversaw construction of the Ryan NYP, and that Mahoney was the sole owner at the time of
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seat in the cockpit was also purposely uncomfortable, although custom-fitted to Lindbergh's tall and lanky frame.
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made by the Pioneer Instrument Company which allowed him to more accurately navigate while taking account of the
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origins) was a widely used symbol of good luck and was not yet associated in the United States with the German
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which first flew on April 28, 1979; it made seven flights before being placed on display. In August 2003, the
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1017:. The aircraft made its public debut flight on May 21, 2016, the 89th anniversary of Lindbergh's flight.
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of the earth. Lindbergh's ultimate arrival in Ireland deviated from his flight plan by just a few miles.
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1671:"B.F. Mahoney was the 'mystery man' behind the Ryan company that built Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis".
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Rocketeers: How a Visionary Band of Business Leaders, Engineers, and Pilots is Boldly Privatizing Space
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and the public debut flight was September 8, piloted by John's friend and seasoned pilot, Ron Fowler.
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and commemorative events. Both of the EAA reproductions were registered under the original's N-X-211.
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Washington, DC: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, July 1927. Retrieved: May 18, 2007.
2506:"The Spirit Flies On by Barry Schiff: Remembering the flight that changed the course of history"
2464:"The Spirit Flies On by Barry Schiff: Remembering the flight that changed the course of history"
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Another airworthy reproduction was built by David Cannavo and first flown in 1979, powered by a
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and achieved a number of record-breaking flights early in 1928 before a crash ended its career.
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where for more than eight decades it has been on display, hanging for 48 years (1928–76) in the
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Lindbergh believed that a flight made in a single-seat monoplane designed around the dependable
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airborne over Paris as Lindbergh leaves for Belgium, the next stop after a few days in France
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Not truly a reproduction, but the cut-away flight simulator at the History Center of the
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Technical Preparation of the Airplane "Spirit of St. Louis" N.A.C.A. Technical Note #257
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1814:(11), Grand Rapids, Michigan: Grand Rapids Association of Commerce: 11, June 18, 1927,
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The Untold Story of the Spirit of St. Louis: From the Drawing Board to the Smithsonian
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was also one of the most advanced and aerodynamically streamlined designs of its era.
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The Mahoney Ryan B-1 "Brougham" was also used as the basis of a reproduction of the
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provides visitors with a computer-assisted experience of sitting in and flying the
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B.F. Mahoney was the "mystery man" behind the Ryan company that built Lindbergh's
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to bring them back to the United States. Arriving on June 11, Lindbergh and the
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2854:(flickr)(large detailed picture, if it won't reduce just hit 'refresh' button)
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Atlantic Fever: Lindbergh, His Competitors, and the Race to Cross the Atlantic
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Lindbergh's Transatlantic Flight: New York to Paris Timeline, May 20–21, 1927
1756:(Season 3, Episode 1; Season 4, Episode 5). PBS, first airdate: May 11, 2008.
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2732:(The Epic of Flight, v. 2). Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1980.
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Spirit and Creator: The Mysterious Man Behind Lindbergh's Flight to Paris
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The Spectacle of Flight: Aviation and the Western Imagination, 1920–1950
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On the 40th anniversary of Lindbergh's flight, a new reproduction named
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This article is about Charles Lindbergh's aircraft. For other uses, see
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Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies."
2112:"Accident Report, Spirit of St Louis Replica (Ryan M1/M2 NYP), ES-XCL."
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flew together for the final time while making a hop from St. Louis to
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B.F. "Frank" Mahoney and Claude Ryan had co-founded the company as an
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9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 223 hp (166 kW)
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On the same day, the U.S Post Office issued a commemorative 10-cent
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The race to win the prize required time-saving design compromises.
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was designed and built in San Diego to compete for the $ 25,000
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on promotional and goodwill tours across the United States and
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2295:"Spirit of St. Louis replica to make its first public flight"
2211:"Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Spirit of St. Louis Replica Flies"
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that he had saved from his earnings as an Air Mail pilot for
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came from Lindbergh's own earnings as a U.S. Air Mail pilot (
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Bowers, Peter M. "The Many Splendid Spirits of St. Louis."
998:(ORA), fulfilling a lifelong dream of its primary founder,
1948:(AP Archive), August 3, 2015. Retrieved: October 24, 2015.
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which was still a largely unknown organization outside of
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450 US gal (375 imp gal; 1,703 L)
340:(NACA) and is included as an appendix to Lindbergh's 1953
2347:"Look What Lindbergh Left Inside the Spirit of St. Louis"
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reproduction, intended for airworthiness is owned by the
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The Big Jump: Lindbergh and the Great Atlantic Air Race.
1979:"Charles Lindbergh and his Ryan Brougham B-1X (NX4215)."
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had made 174 flights, totaling 489:28 hours in the air.
2372:"Aircraft Restoration | JNE Aircraft, LLC | Washington"
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design that tended to randomly introduce unanticipated
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Over a period of 7 years and 3 months, John Norman of
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used by Lindbergh — matching the ones in the original
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Through the efforts of both staff and volunteers, the
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utilizing a 420 hp (310 kW) engine and the
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3005:
2964:
2931:
1436:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1225:
100–110 mph (160–180 km/h, 87–96 kn)
1066:film by studio employees, is now on display at the
921:where it made several flights over Paris. In 1972,
875:, in St. Louis, B-156 is part of the collection at
319:aris), the single-engine monoplane was designed by
178:
168:
160:
152:
147:
139:
131:
121:
113:
103:
91:
79:
71:
66:
41:
3455:Individual aircraft in the Smithsonian Institution
871:(1957) have survived with B-153 on display at the
117:1 (not including later replicas and reproductions)
2631:Daniels, C.M. "Speed: The Story of Frank Hawks."
1308:, with the Wright Whirlwind Radial engine visible
816:with the basic 220 hp (160 kW) engine.
2573:Hoboken, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
2488:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2199:, December 7, 2015. Retrieved: December 7, 2015.
1956:
1954:
568:Inside of the original propeller spinner of the
2642:. Alameda, California: Nottingham Press, 1973.
2052:"Spirit of St Louis Replica Takes to the Sky."
1883:
540:the unaltered design. This setup resulted in a
487:"Spirit of St. Louis" cockpit, Washington, D.C.
2453:
2451:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
3173:
2909:
2710:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012.
2688:. Sheffield, Maryland: ATN Publishing, 2002.
1739:
1737:
1735:
1231:4,100 mi (6,600 km, 3,600 nmi)
1060:A 90% static reproduction, built in 1956 for
299:is closed for renovations until Spring 2025.
8:
3435:1920s United States special-purpose aircraft
2470:. Archived from the original on June 7, 2002
1922:, May 20, 2015. Retrieved: October 24, 2015.
1511:During this period, the swastika (which has
1041:In 2015, with coordinated efforts by fellow
690:Over the next 10 months, Lindbergh flew the
2890:p. 93., photocopied at BarrySchiff.com
464:engine-turned finishing on the nose panels.
338:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
250:, and landed 33 hours, 30 minutes later at
3180:
3166:
3158:
2916:
2902:
2894:
2747:, Volume 55, no. 4, 2003. ISSN 0950-7434.
2703:. General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
1702:
1700:
1698:
633:bonfire." Lindbergh subsequently flew the
583:was painted on the inside of the original
38:
2173:, May 28, 2013. Retrieved: July 31, 2017.
1219:133 mph (214 km/h, 116 kn)
698:. According to the published log of the
275:, who had purchased it from its founder,
27:Monoplane flown solo by Charles Lindbergh
2184:"‘The Spirit of St. Louis’ flies again."
1418:Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown
757:, conservators applied a clear layer of
637:to Belgium and England before President
307:Officially known as the "Ryan NYP" (for
32:The Spirit of St. Louis (disambiguation)
2844:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2820:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2811:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2794:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2785:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2743:Simpson, Rod. "Preserving the Spirit".
2537:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
2510:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
2468:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
1806:"Haskelite Used on Lindbergh's Plane",
1776:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
1681:Charles Lindbergh – An American Aviator
1583:
1490:
1260:
1080:St. Louis Lambert International Airport
1078:was built in 2002 and is on display at
231:, for which Lindbergh won the $ 25,000
2701:The Making of the Great Aviation Films
2481:
2345:Magazine, Smithsonian; Goss, Heather.
1567:Schiff's article gives history of the
528:Sample of the treated fabric from the
428:the deal, which was quickly approved.
2598:Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 2007.
2497:, May 2002. Retrieved: May 18, 2007 (
2293:Podsada, Janice (September 7, 2019).
1665:
1663:
1252:0.0435 hp/lb (0.0715 kW/kg)
741:. At the time of its retirement, the
7:
2415:"Charles Lindbergh House and Museum"
2223:from the original on August 18, 2016
1413:Charles Lindbergh in popular culture
1243:16 lb/sq ft (78 kg/m)
271:, owned and operated at the time by
61:at the National Air and Space Museum
3083:Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)
2547:from the original on March 26, 2019
2427:from the original on August 5, 2017
2267:Podsada, Janice (August 11, 2019).
1033:crafted to-date the most authentic
628:; issued June 11, 1927. (Scott C10)
2209:Pope, Stephen (December 8, 2015).
1856:"The Bold Victory of a Man Alone".
1744:"Investigations: Lindbergh Engine"
1633:"Barron Hilton Pioneers of Flight"
1604:from the original on July 15, 2017
1548:Charles A. Lindbergh Historic Site
1143:9 ft 10 in (3.00 m)
1131:27 ft 7 in (8.41 m)
968:engine. In 1995, it was bought by
948:produced two reproductions of the
913:was built by a movie stunt pilot,
25:
2516:from the original on June 7, 2002
2159:"Ryan NYP – Spirit of St. Louis."
2144:Coventry, England, May 31, 2003.
2090:"Pilot killed in air show crash."
942:Experimental Aircraft Association
861:All three reproductions from the
782:NYP-2, an exact duplicate of the
581:left-facing Indian-style swastika
2135:"Ryan NYP (Replica) - Untitled".
1388:
1373:
1358:
1343:
1328:
1313:
1297:
1282:
1263:
1045:researcher Ty Sundstrom and the
927:San Diego Air & Space Museum
591:along with the names of all the
422:Spirit of St. Louis Organization
420:. The rest was provided by the
208:flew on May 20–21, 1927, on the
51:
3470:Single-engined tractor aircraft
3121:The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh
3043:Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh
2635:, Vol. 6, No. 2, December 1969.
1400:San Diego International Airport
1149:320 sq ft (30 m)
1088:Frankfurt International Airport
1084:Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum
1074:. A static reproduction of the
1072:San Diego International Airport
1047:National Air & Space Museum
925:was bought for $ 50,000 by the
283:is on permanent display at the
2613:, Volume 20, No. 6, June 1967.
2499:photocopied at BarrySchiff.com
2395:Cassagneres 2002, pp. 143–145.
2018:Cassagneres 2002, pp. 142–143.
1592:"Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis"
1237:16,400 ft (5,000 m)
705:Robertson Aircraft Corporation
608:Later history and conservation
418:Robertson Aircraft Corporation
1:
3113:The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case
2825:"Lindbergh's Great Partner",
2816:Raymond Orteig-$ 25,000 prize
2640:The Ford Air Tours: 1925–1931
1597:National Air and Space Museum
1276:National Air and Space Museum
1178:5,135 lb (2,329 kg)
1172:2,888 lb (1,310 kg)
1068:Wings of the North Air Museum
602:National Air and Space Museum
336:", which he prepared for the
289:National Air and Space Museum
183:National Air and Space Museum
3465:Aircraft first flown in 1927
2725:. New York: Scribners, 1953.
2657:. New York: Harcourt, 1980.
2420:Minnesota Historical Society
1868:(Books), September 13, 1953.
1845:Lindbergh 1953, pp. 455-456.
1836:Lindbergh 1927, pp. 267–268.
731:Arts and Industries Building
395:Part of the funding for the
3097:The Flight Across the Ocean
2066:"1927 Spirit of St. Louis".
1683:. Retrieved: July 31, 2017.
1676:September 15, 2008, at the
1204:fixed pitch metal propeller
1166:2,150 lb (975 kg)
1021:JNE Aircraft's reproduction
883:, and B-159 belongs to the
819:Shortly after the original
3486:
2754:. New Haven, Connecticut:
2745:Air-Britain Aviation World
2320:"Living History: Ryan NYP"
2189:December 10, 2015, at the
1778:. Retrieved: May 11, 2008.
1622:Jackson 2012, pp. 512–516.
674:Distinguished Flying Cross
238:Lindbergh took off in the
29:
2404:Cassagneres 2002, p. 146.
2080:Retrieved: July 31, 2017.
2027:Cassagneres 2002, p. 143.
1969:Cassagneres 2002, p. 140.
1882:. His response verbatim:
1861:December 1, 2016, at the
1657:Belfiore 2007, pp. 15–17.
1098:Specifications (Ryan NYP)
885:Cradle of Aviation Museum
273:Benjamin Franklin Mahoney
50:
3145:The Plot Against America
3137:The Plot Against America
3049:Charles August Lindbergh
2122:Civil Aviation Authority
1989:DigitalimageServices.com
1920:Air & Space magazine
1787:Cassagneres 2002, p. 44.
1708:"How Lindy Did the Hop".
1092:Luftfahrtmuseum Hannover
1090:with the second in the "
3105:The Spirit of St. Louis
2995:Autobiography of Values
2987:The Spirit of St. Louis
2850:The Spirit of St. Louis
2677:April 11, 2007, at the
2541:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
2170:Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
2164:August 1, 2017, at the
2071:August 1, 2017, at the
1941:March 12, 2016, at the
1906:"An Inside Look at the
1796:Lindbergh 1953, p. 362.
1552:Little Falls, Minnesota
1116:General characteristics
1056:Static display examples
996:Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
873:Missouri History Museum
778:Further developed types
727:Smithsonian Institution
622:Capt. Charles Lindbergh
346:The Spirit of St. Louis
285:Smithsonian Institution
18:The Spirit of St. Louis
3392:Experimental/ Research
2876:"The Spirit Flies On,"
2859:"Doing the Lindy Hop".
2721:Lindbergh, Charles A.
2197:Minnesota Public Radio
2140:March 4, 2016, at the
2117:June 25, 2008, at the
1984:March 9, 2009, at the
1915:March 4, 2016, at the
1896:
1808:Grand Rapids Spectator
1350:Under the tail of the
1137:46 ft (14 m)
1106:
1063:The Spirit of St Louis
1004:earth inductor compass
983:A reproduction of the
906:
868:The Spirit of St Louis
629:
572:
532:
499:Earth Inductor Compass
488:
465:
404:
3188:Aircraft produced by
3013:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
2756:Yale University Press
2594:May 15, 2015, at the
2095:May 28, 2006, at the
1771:May 12, 2008, at the
1749:May 23, 2018, at the
1713:May 23, 2018, at the
1192:Wright J-5C Whirlwind
1105:
1015:Stone Ridge, New York
990:A recently completed
898:
803:. An offshoot of the
654:were escorted up the
615:
600:can be viewed at the
567:
527:
486:
451:
403:, 1927 RAC paycheck).
394:
382:Pacific Air Transport
248:Garden City, New York
143:489 hours, 28 minutes
3460:Transatlantic flight
3450:History of San Diego
3061:Lindbergh kidnapping
2351:Smithsonian Magazine
2124:, February 12, 2004.
2056:, April 1991, p. 24.
2043:Simpson 2003, p. 66.
2009:Daniels 1969, p. 45.
2000:Forden 1973, p. 175.
1669:Tekulsky, Joseph D.
1471:Wright-Bellanca WB-2
713:Spirit of St. Louis.
683:stamp depicting the
681:"Lindbergh Air Mail"
503:magnetic declination
477:Wright J-5 Whirlwind
213:transatlantic flight
75:Long-range aircraft
3381:Spirit of St. Louis
2940:Spirit of St. Louis
2872:s 90th Anniversary.
2840:Spirit of St. Louis
2831:Spirit of St. Louis
2807:Spirit of St. Louis
2780:Spirit of St. Louis
2723:Spirit of St. Louis
2584:Belfiore, Michael.
2326:. November 29, 2019
1960:Bowers 1967, p. 71.
1934:Spirit of St. Louis
1908:Spirit of St. Louis
1887:Spirit of St. Louis
1880:Spirit of St. Louis
1854:Reynolds, Quentin.
1718:Wall Street Journal
1556:Spirit of St. Louis
1500:Spirit of St. Louis
1424:Related development
1396:Spirit of St. Louis
1381:Spirit of St. Louis
1366:Spirit of St. Louis
1352:Spirit of St. Louis
1337:Spirit of St. Louis
1322:Spirit of St. Louis
1306:Spirit of St. Louis
1291:Spirit of St. Louis
1272:Spirit of St. Louis
1176:Max takeoff weight:
1076:Spirit of St. Louis
950:Spirit of St. Louis
904:EAA Aviation Museum
900:Spirit of St. Louis
846:Spirit of St. Louis
801:Spirit of St. Louis
784:Spirit of St. Louis
750:Spirit of St. Louis
719:Spirit of St. Louis
709:Spirit of St. Louis
692:Spirit of St. Louis
635:Spirit of St. Louis
589:Spirit of St. Louis
570:Spirit of St. Louis
530:Spirit of St. Louis
511:Spirit of St. Louis
470:Spirit of St. Louis
454:Spirit of St. Louis
433:Spirit of St. Louis
397:Spirit of St. Louis
334:Spirit of St. Louis
325:St. Louis, Missouri
297:Pioneers of Flight,
252:Aéroport Le Bourget
193:Spirit of St. Louis
67:General information
43:Spirit of St. Louis
3440:High-wing aircraft
2805:: Designer of the
2728:Nevin, David, ed.
1866:The New York Times
1827:Nevin 1980, p. 99.
1754:History Detectives
1639:. February 1, 2024
1637:airandspace.si.edu
1274:on display in the
1107:
978:Polk City, Florida
946:Oshkosh, Wisconsin
907:
881:Dearborn, Michigan
840:Airworthy examples
630:
626:Spirit of St Louis
573:
533:
509:the Atlantic. The
489:
466:
452:Lindbergh and the
405:
244:Roosevelt Airfield
210:first solo nonstop
3445:Charles Lindbergh
3422:
3421:
3190:Ryan Aeronautical
3155:
3154:
3148:(2020 miniseries)
2980:Des Moines speech
2925:Charles Lindbergh
2716:978-0-37410-675-1
2663:978-0-1515-2401-3
2648:978-0-9725249-1-9
2616:Cassagneres, Ev.
2604:978-0-06-114903-0
2579:978-0-471-47752-5
2535:Lednicer, David.
2376:JNE Aircraft, LLC
2247:JNE Aircraft, LLC
2133:Unsworth, David.
2077:Fantasy of Flight
1729:Bak 2011, p. 135.
1692:Bak 2011, p. 134.
974:Fantasy of Flight
954:Continental R-670
805:Ryan B-1 Brougham
672:aviator with the
670:U.S. Army Reserve
598:propeller spinner
585:propeller spinner
542:negatively stable
494:center of gravity
206:Charles Lindbergh
188:
187:
108:Charles Lindbergh
16:(Redirected from
3477:
3348:AAM-A-1 Firebird
3182:
3175:
3168:
3159:
3132:(1998 biography)
2918:
2911:
2904:
2895:
2871:
2861:September 2017.
2668:Hall, Donald A.
2638:Forden, Lesley.
2557:
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1335:The tail of the
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1320:The nose of the
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1235:Service ceiling:
1212:
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660:Washington, D.C.
515:Charles Lawrance
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293:Washington, D.C.
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3031:Reeve Lindbergh
3001:
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2827:Popular Science
2774:
2769:
2730:The Pathfinders
2679:Wayback Machine
2655:Lindbergh Alone
2653:Gill. Brendan.
2596:Wayback Machine
2565:
2560:
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2534:
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2504:Schiff, Barry.
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2102:, June 1, 2003.
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842:
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780:
707:) to pilot the
639:Calvin Coolidge
620:stamp honoring
610:
458:Roosevelt Field
446:
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295:. The exhibit,
279:, in 1926. The
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3116:(1976 TV film)
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3077:Lindbergh Boom
3073:
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3037:Erik Lindbergh
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3025:Anne Lindbergh
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2803:Donald A. Hall
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2772:External links
2770:
2768:
2767:
2750:Wohl, Robert.
2748:
2741:
2726:
2719:
2706:Jackson, Joe.
2704:
2697:
2684:Hall, Nova S.
2682:
2666:
2651:
2636:
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2569:Bak, Richard.
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2182:Collins, Bob.
2175:
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2146:Airliners.net.
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2020:
2011:
2002:
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1217:Maximum speed:
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1205:
1202:Standard Steel
1195:
1185:
1182:Fuel capacity:
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1173:
1167:
1161:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1099:
1096:
1057:
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966:Lycoming R-680
958:Paul Poberezny
919:Paris Air Show
877:The Henry Ford
851:Men with Wings
841:
838:
836:
833:
779:
776:
609:
606:
537:Donald A. Hall
445:
442:
362:Donald A. Hall
342:Pulitzer Prize
321:Donald A. Hall
304:
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277:T. Claude Ryan
196:(formally the
186:
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169:Developed from
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3092:" (1927 song)
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3085:" (1927 song)
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3019:Jon Lindbergh
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3006:Personal life
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2799:Photo Archive
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2015:
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1946:Youtube video
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1289:Left side of
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1223:Cruise speed:
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1199:
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1010:at the NASM.
1009:
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952:, powered by
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915:Frank Tallman
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890:James Stewart
886:
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835:Reproductions
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772:vulcanization
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723:Bolling Field
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696:Latin America
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656:Potomac River
653:
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643:light cruiser
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627:
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619:
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593:Ryan Aircraft
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358:Hawley Bowlus
354:
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344:winning book
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261:Ryan Airlines
259:was built by
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65:
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54:
49:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3380:
3378:
3143:
3140:(2004 novel)
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3090:Lucky Lindy!
2993:
2985:
2971:
2955:Miles Mohawk
2946:
2939:
2938:
2887:
2886:, May 2002,
2884:Barry Schiff
2879:
2866:
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2849:
2843:
2839:
2830:
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2819:
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2670:
2654:
2639:
2633:Air Classics
2632:
2617:
2611:Air Progress
2610:
2586:
2570:
2563:Bibliography
2549:. Retrieved
2540:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2509:
2494:
2472:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:Barry Schiff
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2375:
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:www.key.aero
2323:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2272:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:
2243:"Background"
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2214:
2204:
2193:
2178:
2168:
2154:
2145:
2129:
2121:
2107:
2099:
2085:
2075:
2061:
2054:Air Progress
2053:
2048:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1988:
1974:
1965:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1907:
1901:
1890:
1886:
1884:
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1801:
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1761:
1753:
1725:
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1688:
1680:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
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1563:
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1542:
1528:
1507:
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1380:
1365:
1351:
1336:
1321:
1305:
1304:Nose of the
1290:
1271:
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1234:
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1222:
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1207:
1197:
1187:
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984:
982:
970:Kermit Weeks
963:
949:
939:
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922:
910:
908:
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863:Warner Bros.
860:
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843:
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739:SpaceShipOne
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373:Orteig Prize
368:
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308:
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296:
280:
256:
239:
237:
233:Orteig Prize
197:
192:
191:
189:
179:Preserved at
153:First flight
123:Registration
114:Number built
81:Manufacturer
58:
42:
36:
3274:Observation
3124:(1984 film)
3108:(1957 film)
3100:(1929 play)
2957:(1936–1939)
2951:(1929–1933)
2943:(1927–1928)
2888:AOPA Pilot,
1464:Miss Veedol
1210:Performance
1198:Propellers:
1188:Powerplant:
856:Ray Milland
828:Frank Hawks
665:Los Angeles
618:US Air Mail
554:bank (roll)
364:'s hiring.
303:Development
217:Long Island
140:Total hours
3429:Categories
3204:Standard J
3197:Commercial
3070:In culture
3055:Highfields
3039:(grandson)
3033:(daughter)
3027:(daughter)
1517:Nazi Party
1480:References
1450:Plus Ultra
1248:Power/mass
1147:Wing area:
1031:Washington
1027:Burlington
1000:Cole Palen
976:Museum in
879:museum in
401:January 15
269:California
3363:Model 147
3209:Cloudster
3129:Lindbergh
2551:April 16,
2445:Hall 1927
1643:April 11,
1579:Citations
1513:neolithic
1398:model at
1200:2-bladed
1135:Wingspan:
1110:Data from
854:starring
814:Model C-1
810:Model B-7
641:sent the
616:Ten-cent
579:A small,
265:San Diego
202:monoplane
3295:Trainers
3253:Fighters
3229:Foursome
3224:Brougham
3051:(father)
3045:(mother)
2932:Aircraft
2758:, 2005.
2675:Archived
2592:Archived
2545:Archived
2514:Archived
2484:cite web
2431:July 31,
2425:Archived
2381:June 15,
2356:June 15,
2330:June 15,
2304:June 15,
2278:June 15,
2252:June 15,
2227:July 31,
2221:Archived
2187:Archived
2162:Archived
2138:Archived
2115:Archived
2100:BBC News
2093:Archived
2069:Archived
1982:Archived
1939:Archived
1913:Archived
1859:Archived
1769:Archived
1747:Archived
1711:Archived
1674:Archived
1608:July 31,
1602:Archived
1535:Saab 340
1430:Ryan M-2
1407:See also
972:for his
935:Spirit 3
931:Spirit 3
923:Spirit 2
911:Spirit 2
789:Mainichi
735:Bell X-1
624:and the
329:Ryan M-2
221:New York
198:Ryan NYP
173:Ryan M-2
92:Designer
46:Ryan NYP
3343:Firebee
2520:May 22,
2474:May 22,
2194:NewsCut
1368:spinner
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