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organisation began using these shock tactics to demonstrate the seriousness and urgency of the cause. Their demonstrations included âwindow smashing, museum-painting slashing, arson, fuse box bombing, and telegraph line cutting,ââsuffrage playwrights, in turn, began using their work to combat the negative press around the movement and attempted to demonstrate in performance how these acts of violence only occur as a last resort. They attempted to transform the negative, yet popular perspective of these militant acts as being the actions of irrational, hysterical, âoverly-emotionalâ women and instead demonstrate how these protests were merely the only logical response to being denied a basic fundamental right.
535:, giving a limited number of propertied and married women the vote was carried on its first reading in the House of Commons, but then shelved by Prime Minister Asquith. In protest, on 18 November Emmeline Pankhurst led 300 women from a pre-arranged meeting at the Caxton Hall in a march on Parliament where they were met and roughly handled by the police. Under continued pressure from the WSPU, the Liberal government re-introduced the Conciliation Bill the following year. Exasperated by the continued opposition and by the bill's limitations, on 21 November 1911, the WSPU carried out an "official" window smash along Whitehall and Fleet Street. Its target included the offices of the
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597:, we have âblown up the Chancellor of the Exchequerâs houseâ. Pankhurst was willing to be arrested for the incident saying âI have advised, I have incited, I have conspiredâ; and that if she was arrested for the incident she would prove that the âpunishment unjustly imposed upon women who have no voice in making the laws cannot be carried outâ. On 3 April Pankhurst was sentenced to three yearsâ penal servitude for procuring and inciting women to commit "malicious injuries to property". The Temporary Discharge for Ill Health Bill was rushed through Parliament to ensure that Pankhurst, who had immediately gone on hunger strike, did not die in prison.
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organisation, but also helped them gain an audience. This use of satire allowed them to express their ideas and frustrations as well as combat gender prejudices in a safer way. Suffrage speakers, who often held open-air meetings in order to reach a wider audience, had to face hostile audiences and learn how to deal with interruptions. The most successful speakers, therefore, had to acquire a quick wit and learn to "always to get the best of a joke, and to join in the laughter with the audience even if the joke was against" them. Suffragette
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437:. The Pethick-Lawrences, who were part of the leadership of the WSPU until 1912, edited the newspaper and supported it financially in the early years. Sylvia Pankhurst wrote a number of articles for the WSPU newspaper and, in 1911, published a piece on the history of the WSPU campaign. This included a detailed account of her experience during the Black Friday event in 1910.
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Emmeline
Pankhurst had increasingly felt that the ILP was not there for women. On 9 October 1903, she invited a group of ILP women to meet at her home the next day, telling them: "Women, we must do the work ourselves. We must have an independent women's movement. Come to my house tomorrow and we will
606:, entitled âVotes for Women and Organised Lunacyâ where he argued that the âmain obstacle to women getting the vote is militancyâ. It had alienated those who would have supported them. The only way for women to get the vote is a new movement âabsolutely divorced from stones and bombs and torchesâ.
440:
In 1908 the WSPU adopted purple, white, and green as its official colours. These colours were chosen by
Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence because "Purple...stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette...white stands for purity in private and public life...green is the colour of
371:
Some of the women
Campbell-Bannerman advised to be patient had been working for women's rights for as many as fifty years: his advice to "go on pestering" would prove quite unwise. His thoughtless words infuriated the protesters and "by those foolish words the militant movement became irrevocably
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not only used theatre to their advantage, but they also employed the use of comedy. The Women's Social and
Political Union was one of the first organisations to capitalise on comedic satirical writing and use it to outwit their opposition. It not only helped them diffuse hostility towards their
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and theatre forums became increasingly utilised by the women's movement. Around this same time, however, the WSPU also became increasingly associated with militancy, moving from marches, demonstrations, and other public performances to more avant-garde and inflammatory âacts of violence.â The
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In
February 1907, the WSPU founded the Woman's Press, which oversaw publishing and propaganda for the organisation, and marketed a range of products from 1908 featuring the WSPU's name or colours. The woman's Press in London and WSPU chains throughout the UK operated stores selling WSPU
335:
and lobbies of
Parliament, leading to the arrest and imprisonment of growing numbers of their members. An attempt to achieve equal franchise gained national attention when an envoy of 300 women, representing over 125,000 suffragettes, argued for women's suffrage with the Prime Minister,
327:
to describe activists in the movement for women's suffrage, in particular members of the WSPU. But the women he intended to ridicule embraced the term, saying "suffraGETtes" (hardening the 'g'), implying not only that they wanted the vote, but that they intended to 'get' it.
574:, and the prime minister Asquith, but they all exploded in post offices, post boxes or in mailbags while in transit across the country. Between February and March 1913, railway signal wires were purposely cut on lines across the country endangering train journeys.
727:. More commonly known as the "Cat and Mouse Act", this allowed the release of suffragettes, close to death due to malnourishment, and their re-arrest once health was restored. The WSPU fought back: their all-women security team known as the Bodyguard, trained in
666:, about 40 militant suffragettes, including members of the Bodyguard team, brawled with several squads of police constables who were attempting to re-arrest Emmeline Pankhurst during a pro-suffrage rally at St. Andrew's Hall. The following day, suffragette
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recalls an elderly man continuously jeering âif you were my wife Iâd give you poison" throughout the course of her speech, to which she replied "yes, and if I were your wife Iâd take it," diffusing threats and making her antagonist appear laughable.
383:. This split them from the WSPU, which had always accepted the property qualifications which already applied to women's participation in local elections. Under Christabel's direction, the group began to more explicitly organise exclusively among
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The WSPU responded by organising a new and broader campaign of direct action. Once this got underway with the wholesale smashing of shop windows, the government ordered arrests of the leadership. Although they had disagreed with strategy,
229:". Group members heckled politicians, held demonstrations and marches, broke the law to force arrests, broke windows in prominent buildings, set fire to or introduced chemicals into postboxes thus injuring several postal workers, and
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in 1907. The groupâs name derived from a newspaper comment: "Mrs
Pankhurst will of course be followed blindly by a number of the younger and more hot-blooded members of the Unionâ. Members of the group included
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were arrested for breaking government windows. They were sentenced to a month in prison. After breaking every window in their cells, in a protest they went on a hunger strike, following the pioneering strike of
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and attempts were made by suffragettes to break through the 5000 strong police cordon. Thirty-seven arrests were made, ten people were taken to hospital. On 29 June 1909, WSPU activists
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Purvis, June (1996). "A 'pair of ⌠infernal queens'? A reassessment of the dominant representations of
Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, first-wave feminists in Edwardian Britain".
340:. The Prime Minister agreed with their argument but "was obliged to do nothing at all about it" and so urged the women to "go on pestering" and to exercise "the virtue of patience".
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and the official residences or homes of leading
Liberal politicians. 160 suffragettes were arrested. The Conciliation Bill was debated in March 1912, and was defeated by 14 votes.
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with a meat cleaver. Her action stimulated a wave of attacks on artworks that would continue for five months. In June, militants had placed a bomb beneath the
593:, which brought down ceilings and cracked walls. On the evening of the incident Emmeline Pankhurst claimed responsibility, announcing at a public meeting in
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On the last day of April, the WSPU offices were raided by the police, and a number of women were arrested and taken to Bow Street. They were Flora
Drummond,
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310:, but the publicity spurred rapid expansion of the group. The WSPU changed tactics following the failure of the bill; they focused on attacking whichever
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882:. While the majority of WSPU members supported the war, a small number formed the Suffragettes of the Women's Social Political Union (SWSPU) and the
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Clipping : "Suffragettes Sentenced to 5-Year Term: penal servitude for woman who threw hatchet at premier Asquith." [August 8, 1912]
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on explosive charges. Together with local activist Midge Muir, she created uproar in court demanding to know why the gun-running Ulster Unionist
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Within the WPSU radical action was championed by the âYoung Hot Bloodsâ or âYHBâ. These were a group of younger unmarried women formed by
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Differences over direct action contributed to splits in the organisation. Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, who with her husband Frederick edited
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Holton, Sandra Stanley. "In sorrowful wrath: suffrage militancy and the romantic feminism of Emmeline Pankhurst." in Harold Smith, ed.
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The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was founded as an independent women's movement on 10 October 1903 at 62 Nelson Street,
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hope and the emblem of spring". June 1908 saw the first major public use of these colours when the WSPU held a 300,000-strong "
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established, and the stage of revolt began". In 1907, the organisation held the first of several of their "Women's Parliaments".
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women, and stated their opposition to all political parties. This led a small group of prominent members to leave and form the
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Flag of the Women's Social and Political Union. Purple represents loyalty and dignity, white for purity, and green for hope.
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241:. Emmeline Pankhurst said the group's goal was "to make England and every department of English life insecure and unsafe".
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In response to the continuing and repeated imprisonment of many of their members, the WSPU extended and supported prison
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Some WSPU militants, however, were prepared to go beyond outrages against property. On 18 July 1912, in Dublin
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Rouse, Wendy Her Own Hero: The Origins of the Women's Self-Defense Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2017.
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On 13 October 1908, Emmeline Pankhurst together with Christabel Pankhurst and Flora Drummond organised a rush on the
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The term "suffragette" was first used in 1906 as a term of derision by the journalist Charles E. Hands in the London
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The WSPU faded from public attention and was dissolved in 1917, with Christabel and Emmeline Pankhurst founding the
786:, was expelled in 1912. Christabel Pankhurst launched a new WPSU journal, fully committed to the militant strategy,
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for women. This translated into abandoning their initial commitment to also supporting immediate social reforms.
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Christensen, McKenzi (2019). ""Baby Suffragettes": Girls in the Women's Suffrage Movement across the Atlantic".
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in 1914, Christabel Pankhurst was living in Paris, in order to run the organisation without fear of arrest. Her
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Membership of the WSPU was open to women only â men could not become members. It also had no party affiliation.
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The Memoirs of Ethel Smyth: Abridged and Introduced by Ronald Crichton, with a list of works by Jory Bennett
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Released following a hunger strike, in July 1914 Dorothy Evans was again arrested in Belfast. With a sister
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Purvis, June. "Emmeline Pankhurst (1858â1928), Suffragette Leader and Single Parent in Edwardian Britain."
2402:"From 'Suffrajitsu' to Indian clubs, the Battle of Glasgow reveals Scotland's 'hidden' suffragette history"
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and others, to declare soon after war broke out that the WSPU should abandon its campaigns in favour of a
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that killed at least five people and injured at least 24. When imprisoned, the group's members engaged in
2428:""Their campaign of wanton attacks": Suffragette Iconoclasm in British Museums and Galleries during 1914"
625:. All were charged under the Malicious Damages Act of 1861, found guilty and received various sentences.
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were expelled early in 1914. They had argued for an explicitly socialist organisation, aligned with the
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Dissenters, Radicals, Heretics and Blasphemers: The Flame of Revolt that Shines Through English History
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was killed while attempting to drape a suffragette banner on the King's horse as it was racing in the
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John Mercer, "Shopping for Suffrage: The Campaign Shops of the Women's Social and Political Union",
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2853:""Doing Something Silly": The Uses of Humour by the Women's Social and Political Union, 1903â1914"
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2184:"From hatchet throwing to hunger strikes: how 'dastardly' suffragettes won Irish women the vote"
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670:(known as one of the most militant activists, also called "Slasher" Richardson) walked into the
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UK Vote 100: Looking forward to the centenary of Equal Franchise in 2028 in the UK Parliament
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453:. Sylvia Pankhurst designed the logo and created a number of leaflets, banners, and posters.
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Tilghman, Carolyn (2011). "Staging Suffrage: Women, Politics, and the Edwardian Theater".
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194:) was a women-only political movement and leading militant organisation campaigning for
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1803:"Mr. Balfour and the 'Suffragettes.' Hecklers Disarmed by the Ex-Premier's Patience."
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was published circa 1908. Until January 1911, the WSPU's official anthem was "
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stance, supporting the British government in the war. The WSPU stopped publishing
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won the suffragettes public sympathy and induced the government later passed the
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was in government and refused to support any legislation which did not include
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Annual Reports of the National Women's Social and Political Union, 1908â1912.
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Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
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Suffragettes, Suffragists & Antis: The fight for the vote in Surrey Hills
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threw a hatchet that narrowly missed the head of the visiting prime minister
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Death in Ten Minutes: The Forgotten Life of Radical Suffragette Kitty Marion
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2368:"Suffragette Emily Davison knocked down by King's horse at Epsom â video"
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3012:, LSE Digital Library, London School of Economics and Political Science.
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Pankhurst, Emmeline. "My own story" 1914. London: Virago Limited, 1979.
2727:
The Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain and Ireland: A Regional Survey
663:
641:
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798:, which was open to women and men, militants and non-militants alike.
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4091:
703:, she was implicated in a series of arson attacks and the bombing of
2109:
The Suffragette Movement: An Intimate Account of Persons and Ideals,
2295:. The National Archives, Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street
1857:
The Cause: A Short History of the Women's Movement in Great Britain
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2289:"We wanted to wake him up: Lloyd George and suffragette militancy"
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640:, posted as an organiser to the north of Ireland, was arrested in
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2954:. (Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2003). 2:999â1000, historiography
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The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
423:
Immediately following the WSPU/WFL split, in autumn 1907,
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2480:"The brutes â Mrs Metge and the Lisburn Cathedral, bomb 1914"
1771:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866â1928.
725:
Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913
566:. On 29 January 1913, several letter bombs were sent to the
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2687:"Historic England Research Records Monument Number 1522337"
2613:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866â1928
2508:. Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 273â274, 276â278.
2079:
London, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 9781408844045, p. 153
1980:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: a Reference Guide, 1866â1928
473:", a setting of words by Florence Macaulay to the tune of "
2752:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928
2077:
Rise Up, Women!: The Remarkable Lives of the Suffragettes,
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Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
2585:
Uglow, Jennifer S. (1985). "Pethick-Lawrence, Emmeline".
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Suffrage Days: Stories From the Women's Suffrage Movement
600:
In response to the bomb Lloyd George wrote an article in
202:, its membership and policies were tightly controlled by
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Sylvia Pankhurst: Sexual politics and political activism
2342:"Irish Suffragettes at the time of the Home Rule Crisis"
1888:"How the Suffragettes used fashion to further the cause"
306:
to introduce a women's suffrage bill; it was ultimately
4782:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
4524:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
225:. Emmeline Pankhurst described them as engaging in a "
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Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
878:, and in April 1915 it launched a new journal,
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269:, before his death in 1898, had been active in the
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2779:. Manchester University Press. pp. 190, 220.
2004:
4868:Women's organisations based in the United Kingdom
2587:The International Dictionary of Women's Biography
2990:The British women's suffrage campaign, 1866â1928
2530:https://nyupress.org/9781479828531/her-own-hero/
2038:"A Rush on the House of Commons 13 October 1908"
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273:(ILP), founded in 1893 by Scottish former miner
4732:BelmontâPaul Women's Equality National Monument
4081:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
3702:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
2237:"Lloyd George and the Suffragette Bomb Outrage"
3589:National Women's Rights Convention (1850â1869)
2560:"Collecting Suffrage: The Hunger Strike Medal"
2111:(re-issued 1984 by Chatto & Windus) p. 343
2003:Bennett, Jory (1987). Crichton, Ronald (ed.).
1814:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 253.
884:Independent Women's Social and Political Union
4560:
4386:
4107:
3055:
2938:Sylvia Pankhurst: A crusading life, 1882â1960
277:, a family friend. (Hardie later founded the
8:
4878:Suffrage organisations in the United Kingdom
4843:Feminist organisations in the United Kingdom
4833:1918 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
4823:1917 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1961:
1959:
1702:Unshackled: The Story of How We Won the Vote
866:control enabled her, over the objections of
477:". In that month the anthem was changed to "
32:
2061:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1851:
1849:
1794:second edition (Hodder Murray, 2008) p. 60.
1261:Margaret Mackworth, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda
407:stands (left) by the table on the platform.
295:62 Nelson Street, where the WSPU was formed
27:UK movement for women's suffrage, 1903â1918
4567:
4553:
4545:
4393:
4379:
4371:
4292:Christabel Pankhurst (daughter, associate)
4203:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
4114:
4100:
4092:
3732:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
3401:
3062:
3048:
3040:
3036:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
2319:The Life and Times of Florence Nightingale
419:, c. 1909, sold by the WSPU to raise funds
331:Also in 1906, the group began a series of
31:
4848:First-wave feminism in the United Kingdom
4828:1903 establishments in the United Kingdom
4633:Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
4065:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
2945:British feminism in the twentieth century
2868:
2589:. New York: Continuum. pp. 370â371.
299:In 1905, the group convinced the Liberal
4742:United States ten-dollar bill (proposed)
3636:1920 United States presidential election
2149:Little Brown, ISBN 9781844081684, p. 261
659:âan incident famously captured on film.
577:On 19 February 1913, as part of a wider
198:founded in 1903. Known from 1906 as the
3876:Women's Rights National Historical Park
2983:Sylvia Pankhurst: Portrait of a radical
2219:
2207:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1628:
1616:
1584:
648:was not appearing on the same charges.
4597:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
4423:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
4350:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
4338:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
4297:Sylvia Pankhurst (daughter, associate)
4287:Richard Pankhurst (husband, associate)
3553:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
2857:International Review of Social History
2147:Rebel Girls: Their Fight for the Vote,
2054:
1965:
1554:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
579:suffragette bombing and arson campaign
523:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
196:women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
4787:Women's suffrage in the United States
4529:Women's suffrage in the United States
4317:Helen Pankhurst (great-granddaughter)
4302:Adela Pankhurst (daughter, associate)
4251:Suffrajitsu: Mrs. Pankhurst's Amazons
3594:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872â1873)
3409:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
2846:
2844:
2842:
2798:
2796:
2453:"Suffragettes bomb Westminster Abbey"
747:treated the imprisoned suffragettes.
513:. They were released after six days.
217:The WSPU membership became known for
7:
4873:Social history of the United Kingdom
4863:Organizations disestablished in 1918
4818:Organizations disestablished in 1917
4282:Mary Jane Clarke (sister, associate)
3947:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
3675:List of suffragists and suffragettes
3538:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
1544:List of women's rights organizations
1529:List of suffragists and suffragettes
3025:, 2 February 2018 â 6 January 2019.
2851:Cowman, Krista (21 November 2007).
2287:Crawford, Elizabeth (4 July 2013).
1593:"Start of the suffragette movement"
257:, along with two of her daughters,
4813:Women's Social and Political Union
4716:Women's Social and Political Union
4476:Women's Social and Political Union
4360:Historiography of the Suffragettes
4198:Pankhurst Centre (home and museum)
4142:Women's Social and Political Union
3917:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
3881:Women's Suffrage National Monument
3697:Historiography of the Suffragettes
3651:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
2182:Bielenberg, Kim (7 January 2018).
2122:"The Conciliation Bill: 1910-1912"
1982:. London: Routledge. p. 645.
1886:Blackman, Cally (8 October 2015).
790:The Pethick-Lawrences then joined
662:On the evening of 9 March 1914 in
431:founded the WSPU's own newspaper,
214:. Sylvia was eventually expelled.
188:Women's Social and Political Union
33:Women's Social and Political Union
25:
4858:Organizations established in 1903
4853:Organisations based in Manchester
3809:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
2952:Reader's guide to British history
2426:Scott, Helen (12 December 2016).
2340:Kelly, Vivien (24 January 2013).
2011:. Harmondsworth: Viking. p.
1872:in 1908 cited by David Fairhall,
1648:. London: Routledge. p. 67.
1549:Men's League for Women's Suffrage
4641:
4312:Alula Pankhurst (great-grandson)
4155:
3960:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
3758:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
3604:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
3574:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
2656:"Suffragist conspiracy charge".
1920:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1718:. Waterside Press. p. 223.
1539:List of women's rights activists
1376:Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford
253:, home of the Pankhurst family.
38:
4883:Terrorism in the United Kingdom
3773:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
3533:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
3176:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
2616:. UCL Press. pp. 269â271.
1832:. Broadview Press. p. 14.
1810:Holton, Sandra Stanley (2002).
1646:Emmeline Pankhurst: A Biography
636:In the same month, April 1913,
4592:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
4418:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
3584:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
3569:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
2400:Brown, Hannah (11 July 2021).
1807:, 10 January 1906, p. 5.
1700:Pankhurst, Christabel (1959).
1534:Women's suffrage organizations
1514:Feminism in the United Kingdom
1:
2036:ukvote100 (13 October 2015).
719:. The authorities' policy of
632:The WSPU in Kingsway, c. 1911
465:products. A board game named
110:Women-only political movement
4307:Richard Pankhurst (grandson)
3690:in majority-Muslim countries
3680:Timeline of women's suffrage
3619:Silent Sentinels (1917â1919)
3548:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
3497:2019â2020 Hong Kong protests
2750:Crawford, Elizabeth (2000).
2725:Crawford, Elizabeth (2006).
2675:. 5 March 1909. p. 401.
2610:Crawford, Elizabeth (1999).
2241:exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/
1978:Crawford, Elizabeth (2001).
1773:pg. 452. London: UCL Press.
1769:Crawford, Elizabeth (1999).
1559:Timeline of women's suffrage
1524:List of suffragette bombings
1021:Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton
527:List of suffragette bombings
496:. 60,000 people gathered in
367:, with two others, 1906â1907
231:committed a series of arsons
4211:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
4060:New Zealand ten-dollar note
3727:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
3641:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
3579:Rochester Convention (1848)
3364:Constitutional amendments:
3150:Women's liberation movement
2959:Suffrage and the Pankhursts
2315:"Suffragettes June 18 1913"
1868:Quotation from the journal
1704:. London: Hutchison, p. 43.
794:and others in starting the
587:Chancellor of the Exchequer
568:Chancellor of the Exchequer
4899:
3599:Suffrage Hikes (1912â1914)
3023:exhibition and programming
2901:. Hodder & Stoughton.
2754:. Routledge. p. 459.
2671:"The women's exhibition".
2107:Pankhurst, Sylvia (1931),
2089:Simkin, John (June 2022).
1826:Colmore, Gertrude (2007).
854:During the First World War
672:National Gallery in London
585:, the country home of the
553:Emmeline Pethwick-Lawrence
520:
4639:
4153:
4067:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
3886:International Women's Day
3404:
2870:10.1017/s0020859007003239
2777:Women of the right spirit
2729:. Routledge. p. 14.
2459:. RaidiĂł TeilifĂs Ăireann
2243:. Exploring Surrey's Past
2145:Liddington, Jill (2006),
1952:10.1080/09612020902771053
1792:GCSE Modern World History
1714:Hostettler, John (2012).
1688:10.1080/09612029600200112
1501:Rose Emma Lamartine Yates
1461:Mathilde Wolff Van Sandau
1341:Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
429:Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence
169:Demonstrations, marches,
132:
37:
4137:Women's Franchise League
3970:Women's suffrage in film
3941:The Women's Marseillaise
3829:Suffragette Handkerchief
3707:Women's rights activists
3487:Hong Kong 1 July marches
2660:. 9 May 1913. p. 8.
2504:Courtney, Roger (2013).
2374:. Reuters. 1 June 2013.
2262:Atherton, Kathy (2017).
2075:Atkinson, Diane (2018),
842:Independent Labour Party
581:, a bomb was set off in
471:The Women's Marseillaise
338:Henry Campbell-Bannerman
271:Independent Labour Party
4277:Sophia Goulden (mother)
4071:2020 US ten-dollar bill
4055:Susan B. Anthony dollar
3992:Not for Ourselves Alone
3614:Suffrage Special (1916)
3543:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
3492:2014 Hong Kong protests
3090:Right to run for office
2981:Romero, Patricia W. E.
2978:(2011) 20#1 pp: 87â108.
2775:Cowman, Krista (2011).
2712:10 October 2011 at the
2707:Spartacus: Kitty Marion
1146:Louisa Garrett Anderson
1051:Georgina Fanny Cheffins
986:Teresa Billington-Greig
858:On the outbreak of the
403:WSPU meeting, c. 1908.
4628:Equal Rights Amendment
4611:National Woman's Party
4442:National Woman's Party
3738:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
3387:1965 Voting Rights Act
2976:Women's History Review
2895:Riddell, Fern (2018).
2235:Douglas, Helen Alice.
1943:Women's History Review
1855:Strachey, Ray (1928).
1676:Women's History Review
996:Bettina Borrmann Wells
913:Between 1905 and 1914
838:East London Federation
774:
697:Hunger Strike Medalist
633:
619:Laura Geraldine Lennox
479:The March of the Women
461:
420:
408:
389:Women's Freedom League
379:then voted to support
368:
296:
4177:Women's Sunday (1908)
3719:BelmontâPaul Monument
3646:Freedom Summer (1964)
3523:Women's Sunday (1908)
2817:10.1353/cdr.2011.0031
2478:Toal, Ciaran (2014).
2266:. The Cockerel Pres.
2126:Spartacus Educational
2095:Spartacus Educational
1456:Marion Wallace Dunlop
1411:Dame Ethel Mary Smyth
1151:Edith Margaret Garrud
1026:Evaline Hilda Burkitt
981:Rosa May Billinghurst
805:âs sister Jessie and
760:
750:A special medal, the
733:Edith Margaret Garrud
631:
611:Harriett Roberta Kerr
511:Marion Wallace Dunlop
481:", newly composed by
459:
414:
402:
346:
294:
154:Lincoln's Inn House,
4737:2012 ten-dollar coin
4508:Lucy Burns Institute
4254:(2015 graphic novel)
4235:Shoulder to Shoulder
3984:Shoulder to Shoulder
3953:The Mother of Us All
3896:Women's Equality Day
3891:Susan B. Anthony Day
3745:Suffragette Memorial
3350:District of Columbia
3120:Non-resident citizen
2564:Woman and her Sphere
2546:www.newsletter.co.uk
1876:, Tauris, 2006 p 31.
1753:(Pluto Press, 1999)
1316:Christabel Pankhurst
745:Elizabeth Gould Bell
395:Campaigning develops
353:Christabel Pankhurst
237:and were subject to
81:Christabel Pankhurst
49:Christabel Pankhurst
4182:Black Friday (1910)
3851:Hunger Strike Medal
3528:Black Friday (1910)
3034:Schlesinger Library
2950:Loades, David, ed.
2940:(Aurum Press, 2003)
2936:Harrison, Shirley.
2933:(Pluto Press, 1999)
2548:. 4 September 2018.
1619:, pp. 117â121.
1564:Women's empowerment
1476:Laura Annie Willson
1416:Harriet Shaw Weaver
1266:Christabel Marshall
1246:Margaret Macfarlane
1241:Florence Macfarlane
1166:Katie Edith Gliddon
1136:Kate Williams Evans
1111:Sophia Duleep Singh
1096:Violet Mary Doudney
1061:Helen Millar Craggs
976:Edith Marian Begbie
847:Women's Dreadnought
778:Splits and currents
752:Hunger Strike Medal
265:, and her husband,
34:
4838:Emmeline Pankhurst
4748:Jailed for Freedom
4228:Sister Suffragette
4123:Emmeline Pankhurst
3994:(1999 documentary)
3861:Suffrage jewellery
3085:Universal suffrage
3029:Papers, 1911â1913.
2995:Winslow, Barbara.
2924:Emmeline Pankhurst
2346:historyireland.com
2321:. 23 February 2015
1471:Gertrude Wilkinson
1406:Alice Maud Shipley
1321:Emmeline Pankhurst
1216:Aeta Adelaide Lamb
1201:Ellen Isabel Jones
961:Ethel Ayres Purdie
796:United Suffragists
775:
634:
572:David Lloyd George
462:
421:
417:Emmeline Pankhurst
415:Portrait badge of
409:
405:Emmeline Pankhurst
381:universal suffrage
369:
361:Emmeline Pankhurst
297:
255:Emmeline Pankhurst
219:civil disobedience
206:and her daughters
204:Emmeline Pankhurst
128:"Deeds, not words"
90:62 Nelson Street,
77:Emmeline Pankhurst
4800:
4799:
4756:Iron Jawed Angels
4675:Inez Haynes Irwin
4542:
4541:
4493:Iron Jawed Angels
4368:
4367:
4238:(1974 BBC serial)
4089:
4088:
4000:Iron Jawed Angels
3922:Umbrella Movement
3866:Suffragette penny
3780:Millicent Fawcett
3751:Portrait Monument
3659:
3658:
3513:WSPU march (1906)
3330:African Americans
3248:Spain (Civil War,
3140:Compulsory voting
2988:Smith, Harold L.
2985:(Yale U.P., 1987)
2908:978-1-4736-6621-4
2805:Comparative Drama
2623:978-1-84142-031-8
2515:978-1-909556-06-5
2432:The Museum Review
2348:. History Ireland
2273:978-1-909871-11-3
2022:978-0-670-80655-3
1989:978-0-415-23926-4
1829:Suffragette Sally
1779:978-1-84142-031-8
1655:978-0-415-23978-3
1466:Patricia Woodlock
1346:Caroline Phillips
1301:Margaret Nevinson
1181:Beatrice Harraden
1091:Charlotte Despard
1071:Helen Cruickshank
1041:Eileen Mary Casey
705:Lisburn Cathedral
690:Westminster Abbey
533:Conciliation Bill
498:Parliament Square
365:Charlotte Despard
184:
183:
16:(Redirected from
4890:
4792:Women's suffrage
4645:
4616:Silent Sentinels
4569:
4562:
4555:
4546:
4534:Women's suffrage
4448:Silent Sentinels
4435:Suffrage Special
4395:
4388:
4381:
4372:
4333:Women's suffrage
4159:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4093:
3912:Age of candidacy
3845:Holloway Jingles
3819:Pankhurst Centre
3790:(2008 sculpture)
3713:Leser v. Garnett
3518:Mud March (1907)
3402:
3335:Native Americans
3145:Disfranchisement
3064:
3057:
3050:
3041:
3016:Museum of London
2947:(1990) pp: 7â24.
2931:Sylvia Pankhurst
2922:Bartley, Paula.
2912:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2863:(S15): 259â274.
2848:
2837:
2836:
2800:
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2790:
2772:
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2765:
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2566:. 11 August 2012
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2406:www.scotsman.com
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1751:Sylvia Pankhurst
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1589:
1481:Laetitia Withall
1441:Catherine Tolson
1356:Isabella Potbury
1326:Sylvia Pankhurst
1231:Constance Lytton
1191:Edith How-Martyn
890:, and including
886:(IWSPU), led by
834:Sylvia Pankhurst
788:The Suffragette.
737:Gertrude Harding
686:Coronation Chair
623:Beatrice Sanders
494:House of Commons
42:
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4685:Inez Milholland
4670:Crystal Eastman
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4621:Night of Terror
4584:
4578:
4573:
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4453:Night of Terror
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4409:Suffrage events
4404:
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4369:
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4215:
4186:
4172:1906 WSPU march
4160:
4151:
4125:
4120:
4090:
4085:
4050:(upcoming film)
3976:Votes for Women
3932:
3926:
3900:
3839:Holloway brooch
3834:Holloway banner
3665:
3655:
3624:Night of Terror
3557:
3501:
3393:
3154:
3073:
3068:
3021:Votes for Women
3006:
2919:
2917:Further reading
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2719:
2714:Wayback Machine
2705:
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2673:Votes for women
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2484:History Ireland
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2164:, 8 August 1912
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1870:Votes for Women
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1505:
1361:Mary Richardson
1311:Adela Pankhurst
1291:Alice Morrissey
1286:Dora Montefiore
1251:Margaret McPhun
1176:Cicely Hamilton
1156:Katharine Gatty
1141:Theresa Garnett
1016:Constance Bryer
1011:Bertha Brewster
941:Mary Ann Aldham
936:
934:Notable members
911:
888:Charlotte Marsh
876:The Suffragette
860:First World War
856:
830:and Mary Home.
807:Adela Pankhurst
784:Votes for Women
780:
771:Holloway Prison
713:
676:Diego VelĂĄzquez
668:Mary Richardson
603:Nash's Magazine
529:
519:
487:Cicely Hamilton
475:La Marseillaise
434:Votes for Women
397:
316:enfranchisement
312:political party
247:
227:reign of terror
161:
119:Votes for women
79:
68:10 October 1903
52:
28:
23:
22:
18:The Suffragette
15:
12:
11:
5:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:(2022 musical)
4760:
4752:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:The Suffragist
4594:
4588:
4586:
4585:co-strategized
4583:Initiated and
4580:
4579:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4504:(2022 musical)
4497:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4458:Prison Special
4455:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4429:The Suffragist
4420:
4414:
4412:
4411:(co-organized)
4406:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4262:(2018 musical)
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4209:Rise up, Women
4205:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4044:
4043:(2022 musical)
4036:
4035:(2018 musical)
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3967:
3965:Suffrage plays
3962:
3957:
3949:
3944:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3788:Great Petition
3784:
3776:
3769:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3725:Rise up, Women
3721:
3716:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3629:Prison Special
3626:
3616:
3611:
3609:Suffrage Torch
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3281:Cayman Islands
3271:United Kingdom
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3026:
3013:
3005:
3004:External links
3002:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2992:(2nd ed. 2007)
2986:
2979:
2972:
2962:
2957:Marcus, Jane.
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2838:
2811:(4): 339â360.
2792:
2786:978-0719070037
2785:
2767:
2760:
2742:
2736:978-0415477390
2735:
2717:
2699:
2678:
2663:
2648:
2629:
2622:
2602:
2595:
2577:
2551:
2533:
2521:
2514:
2496:
2470:
2444:
2418:
2392:
2359:
2332:
2306:
2279:
2272:
2254:
2224:
2222:, p. 123.
2212:
2210:, p. 122.
2200:
2174:
2151:
2138:
2113:
2100:
2081:
2068:
2028:
2021:
1995:
1988:
1970:
1968:, p. 157.
1955:
1933:
1906:
1878:
1861:
1845:
1838:
1818:
1796:
1783:
1762:
1731:
1724:
1706:
1693:
1661:
1654:
1633:
1631:, p. 137.
1621:
1609:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:Women's rights
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1401:Genie Sheppard
1398:
1393:
1391:Arabella Scott
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1351:Ellen Pitfield
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:Frances Parker
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Frances McPhun
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:Mary Macarthur
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Mary Gawthorpe
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1106:Flora Drummond
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:Elsie Bowerman
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
966:Barbara Ayrton
963:
958:
956:Helen Archdale
953:
948:
943:
937:
935:
932:
915:suffrage drama
910:
909:Suffrage drama
907:
855:
852:
828:Vera Wentworth
779:
776:
717:hunger strikes
712:
711:Hunger strikes
709:
615:Rachel Barrett
613:, Agnes Lake,
518:
515:
485:with words by
443:Women's Sunday
396:
393:
349:Flora Drummond
333:demonstrations
285:arrange it!"
246:
243:
235:hunger strikes
182:
181:
175:hunger strikes
167:
163:
162:
160:
159:
152:
140:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
51:, c. 1908
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4895:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4690:Doris Stevens
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4649:
4644:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4565:
4563:
4558:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:" (1964 song)
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4148:
4147:Women's Party
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:(2013 sitcom)
4009:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:(1974 series)
3985:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3320:United States
3318:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:Liechtenstein
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Demeny voting
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2970:0-86068-057-6
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2929:Davis, Mary.
2928:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2761:9781841420318
2757:
2753:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2596:0-8264-0192-9
2592:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2531:
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2018:
2014:
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1874:Common Ground
1871:
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1839:9781770482487
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1759:0-7453-1518-6
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1597:UK Parliament
1594:
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1434:
1432:
1431:Janie Terrero
1429:
1427:
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1422:
1419:
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1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
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1389:
1387:
1386:Amy Sanderson
1384:
1382:
1381:Bertha Ryland
1379:
1377:
1374:
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1371:Rona Robinson
1369:
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1364:
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1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:Lillian Metge
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Lilian Lenton
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:Alice Hawkins
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Dorothy Evans
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Edith Downing
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Emily Davison
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Ellen Crocker
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:Leonora Cohen
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
933:
931:
928:
923:
919:
916:
908:
906:
904:
903:Women's Party
899:
897:
896:Dorothy Evans
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:nationalistic
869:
865:
861:
853:
851:
849:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
820:Jessie Kenney
817:
813:
808:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
772:
768:
764:
759:
755:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:force feeding
718:
710:
708:
706:
702:
701:Lillian Metge
698:
693:
691:
687:
683:
682:
678:'s painting,
677:
674:and attacked
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
653:Emily Davison
651:In June 1913
649:
647:
643:
639:
638:Dorothy Evans
630:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:Pinfold Manor
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
564:H. H. Asquith
561:
556:
554:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
528:
524:
517:Direct action
516:
514:
512:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
458:
454:
452:
448:
444:
438:
436:
435:
430:
426:
418:
413:
406:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:WSPU leaders
345:
341:
339:
334:
329:
326:
325:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Bamford Slack
302:
293:
289:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
244:
242:
240:
239:force-feeding
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:direct action
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
180:
176:
172:
171:direct action
168:
164:
157:
153:
150:
146:
145:Clement's Inn
142:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4715:
4695:Mabel Vernon
4660:Alva Belmont
4601:
4499:
4492:
4475:
4444:(co-founder)
4427:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4208:
4141:
4047:
4038:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4008:Up the Women
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3955:(1947 opera)
3952:
3871:Suffrage Oak
3856:Justice Bell
3843:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3749:
3737:
3724:
3711:
3411:conferences
3078:Basic topics
3020:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2897:
2889:Bibliography
2860:
2856:
2808:
2804:
2776:
2770:
2751:
2745:
2726:
2720:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2681:
2672:
2666:
2658:The Scotsman
2657:
2651:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2612:
2605:
2586:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2524:
2505:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:
2473:
2461:. Retrieved
2456:
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2431:
2421:
2409:. Retrieved
2405:
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2372:The Guardian
2371:
2362:
2352:15 September
2350:. Retrieved
2345:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2318:
2309:
2297:. Retrieved
2292:
2282:
2263:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2240:
2220:Riddell 2018
2215:
2208:Riddell 2018
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:
2177:
2166:, retrieved
2160:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2125:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2091:"Ada Wright"
2084:
2076:
2071:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:
2031:
2006:
1998:
1979:
1973:
1941:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1918:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:The Guardian
1891:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1856:
1828:
1821:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1791:
1790:Walsh, Ben.
1786:
1770:
1765:
1750:
1749:Mary Davis,
1715:
1709:
1701:
1696:
1679:
1675:
1645:
1642:Purvis, June
1636:
1629:Riddell 2018
1624:
1617:Riddell 2018
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1486:Olive Wharry
1451:Julia Varley
1446:Helen Tolson
1436:Dora Thewlis
1421:Evelyn Sharp
1396:Muriel Scott
1296:Flora Murray
1276:Dora Marsden
1271:Kitty Marion
1206:Annie Kenney
1081:Alice Davies
1076:Louie Cullen
1036:Sarah Carwin
991:Violet Bland
951:Doreen Allen
927:Annie Kenney
922:Suffragettes
920:
912:
900:
879:
875:
868:Kitty Marion
857:
845:
832:
812:Irene Dallas
803:Annie Kenney
800:
792:Agnes Harben
787:
783:
781:
749:
741:Flora Murray
714:
694:
681:Rokeby Venus
679:
661:
650:
635:
608:
601:
599:
591:Lloyd George
576:
557:
545:
540:
536:
530:
506:Sarah Carwin
491:
463:
439:
432:
422:
385:middle-class
377:Labour Party
374:
370:
357:Annie Kenney
330:
322:
320:
298:
287:
283:
279:Labour Party
248:
216:
200:suffragettes
191:
187:
185:
137:Headquarters
57:Abbreviation
45:Annie Kenney
29:
4759:(2004 film)
4751:(1920 book)
4495:(2004 film)
4355:Eagle House
4343:Suffragette
4246:(2015 film)
4243:Suffragette
4026:(2015 film)
4024:Suffragette
4018:(2014 film)
4002:(2004 film)
3978:(1912 film)
3814:Eagle House
3667:(memorials)
3355:Puerto Rico
3266:Switzerland
3243:New Zealand
3135:Suffragette
3115:Non-citizen
2489:22 November
2188:independent
1966:Purvis 2002
1926:1 September
1915:"WSPU Flag"
1899:1 September
1426:Hope Squire
1366:Edith Rigby
1196:Elsie Howey
1171:Nellie Hall
1116:Elsie Duval
1046:Joan Cather
971:Norah Balls
946:Janie Allan
892:Edith Rigby
824:Elsie Howey
763:suffragette
735:and led by
657:Epsom Derby
646:James Craig
483:Ethel Smyth
467:Suffragetto
275:Keir Hardie
245:Early years
47:(left) and
4807:Categories
4680:Dora Lewis
4665:Lucy Burns
4653:associates
4576:Alice Paul
4402:Lucy Burns
4220:Depictions
3803:Resilience
3345:foreigners
3251:Francoist)
3181:aboriginal
3159:By country
3125:Voting age
2570:9 November
1805:Daily Mail
1725:1904380824
1682:(2): 260.
1580:References
1519:Girl power
1496:Ada Wright
1491:Celia Wray
1336:Alice Paul
1221:Mary Leigh
1126:Norah Elam
1031:Lucy Burns
1006:Janet Boyd
864:autocratic
560:Mary Leigh
541:Daily News
537:Daily Mail
521:See also:
502:Ada Wright
324:Daily Mail
308:talked out
259:Christabel
251:Manchester
208:Christabel
92:Manchester
87:Founded at
4711:Paulsdale
3824:Paulsdale
3256:Sri Lanka
3213:Hong Kong
3171:Australia
2879:0020-8590
2833:154889688
2825:1936-1637
2463:1 October
2380:0261-3077
2299:1 October
2247:1 October
1859:. p. 301.
1306:Edith New
1211:Edith Key
1121:Una Duval
880:Britannia
816:Grace Roe
767:force-fed
549:Frederick
451:Hyde Park
425:Frederick
336:Sir
151:, London;
102:1917/1918
99:Dissolved
94:, England
65:Formation
3286:Scotland
3203:Colombia
3071:Suffrage
2710:Archived
2645:(1): 20.
2437:1 August
2411:1 August
2385:1 August
2193:2 August
2168:2 August
2131:2 August
2057:cite web
2047:2 August
1946:, 2009,
1644:(2002).
1508:See also
836:and her
773:, London
729:ju-jitsu
539:and the
531:In 1910
179:bombings
158:, London
156:Kingsway
73:Founders
4775:Related
4517:Related
4326:Related
4130:Founder
4048:Lioness
3933:culture
3931:Popular
3905:Related
3765:Forward
3208:Ecuador
3166:Austria
2692:18 June
1575:Sources
664:Glasgow
642:Belfast
595:Cardiff
267:Richard
166:Methods
115:Purpose
4725:Legacy
4485:Legacy
4270:Family
4259:Sylvia
4191:Honors
4165:Events
4032:Sylvia
3782:statue
3767:statue
3740:statue
3398:Events
3360:states
3340:felons
3261:Sweden
3238:Mexico
3228:Kuwait
3193:Canada
2999:(1996)
2968:
2961:(1987)
2926:(2002)
2905:
2877:
2831:
2823:
2783:
2758:
2733:
2620:
2593:
2512:
2378:
2325:1 June
2293:Gov.uk
2270:
2019:
1986:
1836:
1777:
1757:
1722:
1652:
1602:1 June
765:being
263:Sylvia
212:Sylvia
149:Strand
4764:Suffs
4651:Main
4501:Suffs
4040:Suffs
4016:Selma
3664:Women
3325:women
3297:laws
3291:Wales
3276:women
3223:Japan
3218:India
3198:Chile
3186:women
3110:Youth
3105:Black
3095:Women
2829:S2CID
447:rally
125:Motto
4704:Life
4469:Life
3480:14th
3475:13th
3470:12th
3465:11th
3460:10th
3382:26th
3378:24th
3374:23rd
3370:19th
3366:15th
3311:1928
3306:1918
3301:1832
2966:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2875:ISSN
2821:ISSN
2781:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2731:ISBN
2694:2021
2618:ISBN
2591:ISBN
2572:2019
2510:ISBN
2491:2019
2465:2020
2439:2022
2413:2022
2387:2022
2376:ISSN
2354:2020
2327:2021
2301:2020
2268:ISBN
2249:2020
2195:2022
2170:2022
2133:2022
2063:link
2049:2022
2017:ISBN
1984:ISBN
1928:2021
1901:2021
1834:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1720:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1604:2020
894:and
743:and
621:and
551:and
525:and
504:and
427:and
375:The
261:and
221:and
210:and
192:WSPU
186:The
107:Type
60:WSPU
3455:9th
3450:8th
3445:7th
3440:6th
3435:5th
3430:4th
3425:3rd
3420:2nd
3415:1st
3372:,
3100:Men
2865:doi
2813:doi
2457:RTE
2013:378
1948:doi
1684:doi
769:in
731:by
688:in
449:in
281:.)
4809::
3685:US
3562:US
3506:UK
3380:,
3376:,
3368:,
3018:,
2873:.
2861:52
2859:.
2855:.
2841:^
2827:.
2819:.
2809:45
2807:.
2795:^
2643:48
2641:.
2562:.
2544:.
2482:.
2455:.
2430:.
2404:.
2370:.
2344:.
2317:.
2291:.
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2186:.
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2059:}}
2055:{{
2040:.
2015:.
1958:^
1917:.
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1595:.
905:.
898:.
850:.
826:,
822:,
818:,
814:,
761:A
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570:,
489:.
445:"
391:.
363:,
359:,
355:,
351:,
301:MP
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173:,
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2815::
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2696:.
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2441:.
2415:.
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2356:.
2329:.
2303:.
2276:.
2251:.
2197:.
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2065:)
2051:.
2025:.
1992:.
1950::
1930:.
1903:.
1842:.
1781:.
1728:.
1690:.
1686::
1680:5
1658:.
1606:.
190:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
