217:
counsel them to retrieve the man left abandoned on the Island of Joy. The group nears the shores of
Ireland, and Bran shouts his own name to the people gathered on shore, but they do not recognize the name except as ancient legend. NechtĂĄn cannot restrain himself and jumps off the boat, but the moment he sets foot ashore he turns into ashes.
216:
During what seems to be one year's span, many more years have elapsed, while the men feast happily in the Land of Women, until NechtĂĄn mac
Collbrain feels homesickness stir within him. The leader of the women is reluctant to let them go, and cautions them not to step upon the shores of Ireland, and
212:
He now approaches the Land of Women but is hesitant to go ashore. The leader of the land casts a magical clew (ball of yarn) at him, which sticks to his hand. She then tugs the boat ashore, and each man pairs off with a woman, Bran with the leader. There are three times nine "couches" available for
355:
The island of laughter is a common theme. Bran and company visit the "Island of Joy." After being sent by Bran to investigate the island, one of Bran's men will not speak to the crew, only gaping at them, just like the inhabitants of the island. The man is then abandoned and left on the island.
208:
After parting ways with ManannĂĄn mac Lir, Bran's voyagers make a stop at the Isle of Joy, where the inhabitants just laugh and stare, and will not answer to calls. When Bran sends a scout ashore, he starts to laugh and gape just like the others. Bran abandons this crewman and sails on.
370:, the crew reaches an island that is home to seventeen women, who are hospitable to them. When they try to leave, one of the women throws a ball of yarn that magically clings to DiurĂĄn's hand. But this motif occurs additionally in other works, e.g. the Irish account of the
365:
The motif of the magical pulling yarn is another motif found in both works. Bran and company reach the "Island of Women", where they are welcomed by many women, fed well, and one of the women uses a ball of yarn in order to magically ensnare Bran. In
177:
and crystals fall. She instructs Bran to embark on a sea voyage to Emain, which she reveals to be a Land of Women, and disappears with the branch. Bran gathers three companies of nine men apiece for the voyage, and his
172:
Emain is a place of "lasting weather" (perpetually like spring or summer), without want of food or water, free from sickness or despair; it is otherwise called (or has a place called) Aircthech (âBountiful Landâ) where
164:
in front of him. He returns to his royal house, and among his retinue he spots a strangely dressed
Otherworld woman, who identifies the branch to be from an apple tree (or tree of some fruit) growing in land of
251:
For example, both Bran's and MĂĄel DĂșin's voyagers reach an island of laughter or laughing people, and in each case a crew member is left abandoned. And the material may possibly have been borrowed by the
282:
Elsewhere, Bran is told of a tree with holy birds that all sing at the same time, similar to what
Brendan encounters in his voyage, and Mael Duin encounters trees full of birds as well.
2228:
99:
The concept of "voyage" has been widely used across the world in that time. While this specific set comes from
Ireland, it can be compared with Classical sources such as the
383:
At the end of the tale, one of Bran's men jumps from the coracle after having been magically at sea for hundreds of years. Upon touching dry soil, he is turned into ash. In
96:, possibly of pan-Celtic origin However there is a dissenting camp of scholars who hold that "these tales are literary compositions written within the Christian period".
337:
The stories are also similar in that at one point, one of the travellers is exorcised or left behind on an island, either by free will or as punishment for a sin.
293:(including Bran's Voyage) whose central theme is the voyage to the Celtic Otherworld. However, there are also specific points of close similarity, because the
139:
is a combination of poetry and prose, with many short stanzas punctuated by longer, prose narration. These prose narrations are known as
Narrative Envelopes.
2221:
275:
did not see this as an obvious parallel. A different episode open to comparison is
Brendan's abandonment of one of the monks to the psalm-singing choirs (
40:
The date of composition has been assigned to the late 7th or early 8th century, and the text is known to have been included in the lost 8th century codex
2844:
457:
The mention of the sea god ManannĂĄn producing a human scion (Mongan) is analogous to
Poseidon having ten sons begotten on human mothers residing on
3035:
2214:
160:. One day while Bran is walking, he hears beautiful music, so beautiful, in fact, that it lulls him to sleep. Upon awakening, he sees a beautiful
220:
Bran and his company relate the rest of their story to the gathered people, and also hands over a written record of their voyage inscribed in
3030:
1612:
360:, one of MĂĄel DĂșin's men is sent to investigate, cannot stop laughing, loses the ability to recognize his crew and is eventually left behind.
944:
517:
2046:(1912â1913). "Brasil and the Legendary Islands of the North Atlantic: Their History and Fable. A Contribution to the 'Atlantis' Problem".
1955:
Airy
Nothings: Imagining the Otherworld of Faerie from the Middle Ages to the Age of Reason: Essays in Honour of Alasdair A. MacDonald
2174:
2031:
1962:
1933:
1866:
1844:
1795:
1773:
1667:
834:
418:
But the parallel between the two figures is another point on which
Celticists are of divided opinion. It is pointed out that if
3020:
940:
1659:
539:
602:
Murphy, Gerard, ed. (1956). "ManannĂĄn, God of the Sea, Describes his Kingdom to Bran and Predicts the Birth of MongĂĄn." In
465:. There is also a close resemblance between Atlantis being surrounded by concentric ringed walls made of metal (including
347:
244:
744:
states that he himself is less persuaded than Carney about deriving the Welsh BrĂąn from the Irish voyager. He also names
1155:
257:
935:
3040:
318:
285:
However, some scholars emphasise that commonality of the voyage is only a superficial similarity, since the true
1809:
1766:
Latin Script and Letters AD 400â900. Festschrift presented to Ludwig Bieler on the occasion of his 70th birthday
3025:
1973:
732:¶12 seems to suggest it washes up in the sea, one theory is that the Irish apparently associated it with amber.
484:
Alfred Nutt expressed scepticism over the notion that the Celtic Otherworld was founded on the Classical Greek
2944:
2637:
477:
or white bronze "feet" or pillars underpinning the land of Emain, which the mysterious woman sings of in the
2677:
2043:
1604:
462:
2413:
2249:
1757:
570:
559:
202:
201:, it appears as an otherworldly flowery plain to the god. ManannĂĄn also foretells the birth of his son as
42:
741:
238:
2958:
1054:
673:
549:
419:
174:
1565:
1523:
1493:
1039:
645:
2687:
2289:
728:
in Latin, is written of by Pliny, and supposedly occurs in brains of dragons. Since its mentioned in
574:
32:, meaning "The Voyage of Bran ") is a medieval seventh- or eighth-century Irish language narrative.
2854:
2743:
2494:
2461:
2285:
2260:
2079:
1977:
817:
524:
502:
186:
112:
79:
is the title (and categorisation) that occurs in the 11th century tale-list. The constructed title
2897:
2101:
2557:
2241:
2185:
2139:
2122:
2097:
2075:
2055:
1998:
1889:
1182:
918:
844:
745:
265:
123:
23:
2720:
2490:
2021:
415:, but rather in similarity in the names of characters (BrĂąn son of Febal vs. Bran son of LlĆ·r).
2972:
2951:
2912:
2875:
2783:
2768:
2735:
2715:
2552:
2333:
2170:
2027:
1989:
1958:
1929:
1904:
1877:
1862:
1840:
1791:
1769:
1761:
1663:
1608:
1580:
948:
830:
821:
683:
157:
2010:
1946:
1923:
1651:
1598:
1538:
1508:
3000:
2927:
2902:
2705:
2682:
2623:
1856:
563:
513:
423:
331:
2885:
387:, one of the foster brothers tries to steal a necklet and is burnt to ash by a magical cat.
2965:
2237:
2206:
856:
749:
535:
506:
297:
do "draw to a limited extent on the motifs of the native secular literate" (including the
260:
contended that it led to the episode of the third latecomer being abducted by the demons (
93:
2471:
2023:
The Seafaring Saint: Sources and Analogues of the Twelfth Century Voyage of Saint Brendan
2823:
2773:
2303:
625:
179:
115:
tales told on what is now the United Kingdom, particularly those preserved from Wales (
2313:
279:
17), although the situation in Brendan's case is a happy one and contrastive to Bran.
185:
After traveling by boat for two days and nights, the group encounters the ocean deity
3014:
2697:
2443:
2308:
906:
426:, then BrĂąn has an Irish counterpart named BrĂłn, though the latter is quite obscure.
313:
194:
161:
1925:
The Legend of St Brendan: A Comparative Study of the Latin and Anglo-Norman Versions
316:'s voyage, owing perhaps to the similarity of the names of the leading figures. The
2917:
2907:
1170:
869:
703:
166:
117:
2763:
2753:
2654:
2158:
2048:
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature
1832:
1783:
653:
629:
2986:
2922:
2778:
2598:
2395:
2363:
2353:
1457:
1049:
488:, and contrasts the free-love milieu of the Land of Women in Bran's Voyage with
334:("Land of Promise"), which is the term for the Otherworld in the secular tales.
1947:"Female Voices from the Otherworld : The Role of Women in the Early Irish
270:
205:
in Ireland. ManannĂĄn then informs Bran that he will reach his goal by sundown.
59:(âvoyageâ tale), some scholars argue the work does not count among the genuine
2748:
2372:
914:
910:
715:
The land is initially called Emain (¶3, ¶10) bu later given as Emne(¶19, ¶60).
641:
634:, Mediaeval and Modern Irish 10, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
466:
89:
193:
over the sea towards them. ManannĂĄn explains that while this may seem like a
2849:
2758:
2608:
2588:
2529:
2518:
2451:
2447:
2358:
2323:
2275:
371:
2808:
2167:
The otherworld voyage in early Irish literature. An anthology of criticism
1788:
The otherworld voyage in early Irish literature. An anthology of criticism
616:
2880:
2818:
2669:
2618:
2547:
2514:
2423:
2408:
2367:
2270:
988:
Carney, James (1955). "The external element in Irish saga", pp. 276â323,
594:
458:
2059:
1893:
1186:
509:, pp. 121a-24 (originally, f. 78). Diplomatic edition: 10088-10112.
2859:
2692:
2649:
2613:
2510:
2418:
2400:
2343:
2298:
678:
612:
528:
485:
198:
190:
101:
1831:—— (2007a), Jankulak, Karen; Wooding, Jonathan M. (eds.),
438:
bear striking resemblance to passages in classical works, such as the
2813:
2710:
2701:
2593:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2498:
2479:
2390:
2380:
2338:
2293:
2280:
668:
489:
107:
65:
55:
2428:
1060:
The Happy Otherworld in the Mythico-Romantic Literature of the Irish
289:
are "exclusively ecclesiastical in inspiration" in contrast to the
169:(or Emne), and proceeds to sing a poem describing this Otherworld.
2788:
2725:
2659:
2537:
2466:
2456:
2404:
2376:
2318:
702:
Commonality with acquisition of otherworldly treasures, named in
2890:
2839:
2603:
2542:
2504:
2485:
2475:
2438:
2385:
2348:
2328:
1173:(1984). "The Jewels and Bird Hiruath of the 'Ever-New Tongue'".
221:
2210:
1704:
1702:
224:
letters, and then sail across the sea, never to be seen again.
127:. The most recent translation is by SĂ©amus Mac MathĂșna (1985).
2433:
2110:
2087:
2026:. Translated by Summerfield, Thea. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
606:, ed. Gerard Murphy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 92â100.
454:, but this hypothesis was dismantled by William Flint Thrall.
232:
The poem shares similar themes and elements with other Irish
1464:. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff Publishing. pp. 101â179.
1321:
1319:
1003:
1001:
1880:(1976). "Echtrae and Immram: Some Problems of Definition".
1473:
1471:
650:, vol. 2 vols., Alfred Nutt (summary), London: D. Nutt
434:
It has been pointed out that certain episodes in the Irish
1018:
1016:
407:. The parallels are not along the lines of plot, as with
1428:
1426:
1424:
590:
Immram Brain - Bran's Journey into the Land of the Women
145:
1093:
611:
The poem "CaĂni amra laisin m-Bran" as preserved in MS
469:) and brazen ramparts around islands described in the
1055:
Summary of Bran's Presentment of the Happy Otherworld
647:
Voyage of Bran son of Febal to the land of the living
545:
London, British Library, Harley MS 5280, f. 43a-44b.
2936:
2868:
2832:
2801:
2734:
2668:
2636:
2581:
2528:
2259:
2248:
2157:—— (2000), Wooding, Jonathan M. (ed.),
1782:—— (2000), Wooding, Jonathan M. (ed.),
960:Carney, James (1976). "The earliest Bran material"
473:(MĂĄel DĂșin; UĂ Corra), and some resemblance to the
923:. Vol. 2. Halle a. S.: Niemeyer. p. 144.
1760:(1976), O'Meara, John J.; Naumann, Bernd (eds.),
1592:
1590:
1588:
1839:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 168â179,
829:. University of Chicago Press. p. 276 n2.
542:, f. 11b (col. 2) â 12a and f. 13a (cols. 1â2).
2222:
1999:"The voyage of Mael Duin (chapters XXâXXXIV)"
1708:
604:Early Irish lyrics, eighth to twelfth century
8:
1600:Irish Influence on Medieval Welsh Literature
1130:
1128:
1126:
939:. The story is preserved in the manuscripts
111:, some Scandinavian tales as well as other
1656:The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales
1022:
151:
2642:
2256:
2229:
2215:
2207:
1978:"The voyage of Mael Duin (chapters IâXIX)"
1349:
1337:
1325:
256:, the Latin work on St. Brendan's voyage.
1768:, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 174â193,
1258:
1256:
566:, f. 48b17-50a6 and f. 40â53. Incomplete.
345:The Voyage of Bran has many parallels to
1833:"Bran son of Febal and BrĂąn son of LlĆ·r"
1693:
1432:
1007:
992:
964:
905:Byrne, Mary E. (transcribed by) (1908).
892:
880:
811:
809:
520:, f. 119al-120b2 (originally, f. 71â72).
1630:
1626:
1477:
769:
695:
399:may also be compared to the Welsh text
312:may have influenced the later story of
142:The tale can be summarised as follows:
82:Echtrae Brain ocus Tomaidm Locha Febuil
1576:
1549:
1534:
1504:
1415:
1404:
1392:
1372:
976:
852:
842:
800:
776:
748:and Glyn E. Jones among skeptics, and
555:London, British Library, Add MS 35090.
1790:, Four Courts Press, pp. 73â90,
1736:
1724:
1561:
1519:
1489:
1408:
1365:
1361:
1306:
1286:
1266:
1243:
1223:
1203:
1138:
1117:
1105:
1076:
1034:
788:
63:, but should rather be considered an
7:
1837:Ireland and Wales in the Middle Ages
1681:
1650:Ford, Patrick K., ed., tr. (2019) ,
1444:
461:as described by Plato, according to
248:, both written in early to mid-900.
182:were put in charge of each company.
2142:(1976). "The sinless otherworld of
2106:and four stories concerning Mongan
577:(=H 2.16, MS 1318). Cols. 395â398.
14:
823:Clerical Sea Pilgrimages and the
588:Mac MathĂșna, SĂ©amus, ed. (1985).
330:, which translates into Irish as
319:Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis
254:Navigatio sancti Brendani abbatis
69:(âadventureâ tale) and the title
2188:(1972). "MongĂĄn Mac Fiachna and
2125:(1975). "On the 'prehistory' of
933:"List B", embedded in the story
592:. TĂŒbingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
197:to Bran and his crew rowing the
49:Although the conventional title
1861:, Celtic Studies Publications,
1597:Sims-Williams, Patrick (2011),
936:Airec menman Uraird maic Coisse
920:Anecdota from Irish Manuscripts
53:identifies the tale-type as an
3036:Heroes in mythology and legend
1909:The Catholic Historical Review
1660:University of California Press
816:Thrall, William Flint (1923).
156:) embarks upon a quest to the
88:The tale may derive from the "
75:should be adopted, for indeed
1:
2169:, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
2102:An incomplete version of the
1903:Dunn, Joseph (January 1921).
548:Stockholm, Royal Library, MS
3031:Voyagers in Celtic mythology
1784:"The earliest Bran material"
1762:"The earliest Bran material"
422:has an exact counterpart in
162:silver branch in white bloom
2159:"The sinless otherworld of
3057:
2020:Strijbosch, Clara (2000).
1652:"Branwen Daughter of LlĆ·r"
1607:, pp. 13â14 and n71,
917:; O'Keeffe, J. G. (eds.).
2996:
2645:
1988:: 447â495, archived from
1957:, Brill, pp. 57â74,
706:, as according to Carney.
582:Editions and translations
121:) and Brittany including
85:has also been suggested.
2044:Westropp, Thomas Johnson
1945:Olsen, Karin E. (2013),
1855:—— (2007b),
1658:(2 ed.), Berkeley:
492:'s Elysium of chastity.
401:Branwen Daughter of LlĆ·r
16:Medieval Irish narrative
2009:: 52â72, archived from
1997:—— (1889),
1808:—— (1986),
1605:Oxford University Press
1462:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
1137:¶3â30 (poem strophes).
1120:, p. 10, n3; p. 28, n7.
463:Thomas Johnson Westropp
448:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
413:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
385:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
368:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
358:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
348:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
326:since it mentions the
322:stands out among other
245:The Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
146:
92:journey" material from
77:Echtra Bran maic Febail
27:
3021:Early Irish literature
2973:Aided Chlainne Tuirenn
1922:Mackley, Jude (2008).
1810:"The Heavenly City in
876:p. 107 (pp. 101-130),
874:Early Irish Literature
152:
1905:"The Brendan problem"
1858:Ireland and the Grail
1634:Ireland and the Grail
1629:, pp. 168ff and
742:Patrick Sims-Williams
446:. Zimmer argued that
409:The Voyage of Brendan
239:The Voyage of Brendan
2999:part of a series on
1709:Westropp (1912â1913)
1352:, pp. 157, 170.
1108:, p. 4, note 2.
818:Manly, John Matthews
652:; Nutt (1897), vol.
575:Yellow Book of Lecan
328:terra repromissionis
2123:Mac Cana, Proinsias
2013:on 24 February 2011
1384:Selmer, ed. (1959)
1157:The Natural History
341:Voyage of MĂĄel DĂșin
203:MongĂĄn mac Fiachnai
43:CĂn Dromma Snechtai
2966:Aided Chlainne Lir
2945:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
2242:Mythological Cycle
1992:on 18 January 2010
1878:Dumville, David N.
1458:Oskamp, Hans P. A.
1041:The Voyage of Bran
1023:Mac MathĂșna (1985)
895:, pp. 87, 91.
746:Proinsias Mac Cana
674:Gulliver's Travels
518:MS Rawlinson B 512
496:Manuscript sources
420:Manawydan fab LlĆ·r
397:The Voyage of Bran
310:The Voyage of Bran
150:(modern spelling:
137:The Voyage of Bran
124:Tristan and Yseult
20:The Voyage of Bran
3041:Maritime folklore
3008:
3007:
2952:Cath Maige Tuired
2797:
2796:
2688:Fiacha CennfinnĂĄn
2632:
2631:
1614:978-0-19-958865-7
1480:, pp. 56â57.
1418:, p. 102 n63
1407:Ch. XIX, p. 495;
1395:, p. 102 n63
1375:, p. 102 n63
1350:Strijbosch (2000)
1338:Strijbosch (2000)
1326:Strijbosch (2000)
1222:(poem strophes).
1010:, pp. 74â75.
690:Explanatory notes
684:Sinbad the Sailor
550:Vitterhet Engelsk
531:, pp. 56â61.
450:derived from the
430:Classical sources
153:Bran mac Feabhail
3048:
3001:Celtic mythology
2855:LĂșin of Celtchar
2744:Amergin GlĂșingel
2683:Eochaid mac Eirc
2643:
2624:Tuan mac Cairill
2257:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2208:
2179:
2063:
2037:
2014:
1993:
1967:
1939:
1916:
1897:
1871:
1849:
1825:
1800:
1778:
1744:
1734:
1728:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1647:
1641:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1594:
1583:
1574:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1532:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1419:
1402:
1396:
1382:
1376:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1314:
1300:
1294:
1280:
1274:
1260:
1251:
1237:
1231:
1217:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1167:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1073:
1067:
1057:
1044:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1011:
1005:
996:
995:, pp. 74â75
986:
980:
974:
968:
958:
952:
931:
925:
924:
902:
896:
890:
884:
867:
861:
860:
854:
850:
848:
840:
813:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
753:
739:
733:
724:Dragonstone, or
722:
716:
713:
707:
700:
651:
635:
593:
514:Bodleian Library
424:Manannan mac Lir
274:
187:ManannĂĄn mac Lir
155:
149:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3026:Irish mythology
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2992:
2959:Tochmarc ĂtaĂne
2932:
2864:
2828:
2793:
2730:
2678:Aengus mac Umor
2664:
2628:
2577:
2524:
2262:
2251:
2244:
2238:Irish mythology
2235:
2205:
2203:
2177:
2156:
2076:Hull, Vernam E.
2069:Further reading
2066:
2042:
2034:
2019:
1996:
1974:Stokes, Whitley
1972:
1965:
1944:
1936:
1921:
1902:
1876:
1869:
1854:
1847:
1830:
1812:Saltair na Rann
1807:
1798:
1781:
1776:
1756:
1747:
1735:
1731:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1700:
1694:Dumville (1976)
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1575:
1571:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1518:
1514:
1503:
1499:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1433:Dumville (1976)
1431:
1422:
1403:
1399:
1383:
1379:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1317:
1301:
1297:
1281:
1277:
1261:
1254:
1238:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1198:
1194:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1153:
1149:
1133:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1074:
1070:
1053:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1014:
1008:Dumville (1976)
1006:
999:
993:Dumville (1976)
987:
983:
975:
971:
965:Dumville (1976)
959:
955:
945:Rawlinson B 512
932:
928:
904:
903:
899:
893:Dumville (1976)
891:
887:
881:Dumville (1976)
868:
864:
851:
841:
837:
815:
814:
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
775:
771:
762:
757:
756:
750:Rachel Bromwich
740:
736:
723:
719:
714:
710:
701:
697:
692:
665:
640:
626:Hamel, A.G. van
624:
587:
584:
536:British Library
507:Lebor na hUidre
498:
432:
394:
343:
307:
268:
258:Heinrich Zimmer
230:
180:foster brothers
147:Bran mac Febail
133:
94:Irish mythology
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2913:Fintan's Grave
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Four Treasures
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2824:Glas Gaibhnenn
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2769:FĂ©nius Farsaid
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2507:
2502:
2488:
2483:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2137:
2119:
2118:
2095:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2016:
2015:
2003:Revue Celtique
1994:
1982:Revue Celtique
1969:
1968:
1963:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1918:
1917:
1899:
1898:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1827:
1826:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1774:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1729:
1727:, pp. 6â7
1713:
1711:, p. 236.
1698:
1686:
1684:, p. 438.
1674:
1668:
1662:, p. 55,
1642:
1640:Sims-Williams.
1631:Carney (2007b)
1627:Carney (2007a)
1619:
1613:
1584:
1569:
1554:
1552:, p. 449.
1542:
1527:
1512:
1497:
1482:
1478:Mackley (2008)
1467:
1449:
1447:, p. 447.
1437:
1420:
1397:
1377:
1354:
1342:
1340:, p. 156.
1330:
1328:, p. 155.
1315:
1295:
1275:
1252:
1232:
1212:
1192:
1162:
1147:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1085:
1068:
1027:
1012:
997:
981:
979:, p. 191.
969:
953:
926:
897:
885:
862:
835:
805:
803:, p. 175.
793:
781:
779:, p. 174.
768:
767:
766:
761:
758:
755:
754:
752:as proponent.
734:
717:
708:
694:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
664:
661:
660:
659:
637:
636:
628:, ed. (1941),
621:
620:
608:
607:
599:
598:
583:
580:
579:
578:
567:
556:
553:
546:
543:
532:
521:
510:
497:
494:
479:Voyage of Bran
431:
428:
393:
390:
389:
388:
380:
379:
362:
361:
342:
339:
306:
303:
229:
226:
135:Structurally,
132:
129:
37:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3053:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:Connla's Well
2901:
2899:
2898:BrĂș na BĂłinne
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2509:TrĂ DĂ© DĂĄna (
2508:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2176:9781851827480
2172:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2080:A passage in
2077:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2033:9781851824830
2029:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:9789004258235
1960:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1935:9789047442806
1931:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1915:(4): 395â477.
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1868:9781891271151
1864:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:9781851827480
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1797:9781851827480
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:9789004258235
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Carney, James
1755:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1696:, p. 76.
1695:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1669:9780520974661
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:Stokes (1888)
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:Stokes (1888)
1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:Stokes (1889)
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:Stokes (1889)
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1435:, p. 82.
1434:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:Carney (1986)
1414:
1411:, p. 39
1410:
1406:
1405:Stokes (1888)
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:Carney (1986)
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:Carney (1986)
1371:
1368:, p. 10
1367:
1364:¶7, pp. 6â7;
1363:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:Kitson, Peter
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
985:
982:
978:
977:Carney (1976)
973:
970:
966:
963:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:
930:
927:
922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
907:Bergin, O. J.
901:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
879:
875:
871:
870:Dillon, Myles
866:
863:
858:
846:
838:
836:9780598933362
832:
828:
827:
824:
819:
812:
810:
806:
802:
801:Carney (1976)
797:
794:
791:, p. 58.
790:
785:
782:
778:
777:Carney (1976)
773:
770:
764:
763:
759:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
731:
727:
721:
718:
712:
709:
705:
699:
696:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
662:
657:
656:
649:
648:
643:
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
623:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:
605:
601:
600:
596:
591:
586:
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
565:
561:
557:
554:
551:
547:
544:
541:
540:Egerton MS 88
537:
533:
530:
526:
522:
519:
515:
511:
508:
504:
500:
499:
495:
493:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
429:
427:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
386:
382:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
363:
359:
356:Similarly in
354:
353:
352:
350:
349:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:TĂr Tairngire
329:
325:
321:
320:
315:
314:Saint Brendan
311:
305:Saint Brendan
304:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
280:
278:
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
247:
246:
241:
240:
235:
227:
225:
223:
218:
214:
213:all of them.
210:
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:body of water
192:
188:
183:
181:
176:
170:
168:
163:
159:
154:
148:
143:
140:
138:
130:
128:
126:
125:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
103:
97:
95:
91:
86:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
72:Echtrae Brain
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
47:
45:
44:
35:
33:
31:
30:
25:
21:
2998:
2985:
2980:Immram Brain
2979:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2908:Emain Ablach
2250:Supernatural
2202:
2196:
2193:
2190:Immram Brain
2189:
2166:
2161:Immram Brain
2160:
2153:: 115â195.
2150:
2147:
2144:Immram Brain
2143:
2133:
2130:
2127:Immram Brain
2126:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2078:(1960â61). "
2051:
2047:
2022:
2011:the original
2006:
2002:
1990:the original
1985:
1981:
1954:
1948:
1924:
1912:
1908:
1885:
1881:
1857:
1836:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1787:
1765:
1750:Bibliography
1740:
1737:Meyer (1895)
1732:
1725:Meyer (1895)
1721:Immram Brain
1720:
1716:
1689:
1677:
1655:
1645:
1637:
1636:, pp. 60â64
1633:
1622:
1599:
1572:
1562:Meyer (1895)
1557:
1545:
1530:
1520:Meyer (1895)
1515:
1500:
1490:Meyer (1895)
1485:
1461:
1452:
1440:
1412:
1409:Hamel (1941)
1400:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1369:
1366:Hamel (1941)
1362:Meyer (1895)
1357:
1345:
1333:
1310:
1307:Meyer (1895)
1303:Immram Brain
1302:
1298:
1290:
1287:Meyer (1895)
1283:Immram Brain
1282:
1278:
1270:
1267:Meyer (1895)
1263:Immram Brain
1262:
1247:
1244:Meyer (1895)
1240:Immram Brain
1239:
1235:
1227:
1224:Meyer (1895)
1220:Immram Brain
1219:
1215:
1207:
1204:Meyer (1895)
1200:Immram Brain
1199:
1195:
1181:: 122, n56.
1178:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1139:Meyer (1895)
1135:Immram Brain
1134:
1118:Meyer (1895)
1113:
1106:Meyer (1895)
1101:
1088:
1080:
1077:Meyer (1895)
1071:
1063:
1059:
1050:Nutt, Alfred
1045:
1040:
1035:Meyer (1895)
1030:
989:
984:
972:
967:, p. 86
961:
956:
941:RIA 23 N. 10
934:
929:
919:
900:
888:
883:, p. 87
877:
873:
865:
826:
822:
796:
789:Olsen (2013)
784:
772:
737:
730:Immram Brain
729:
725:
720:
711:
704:Welsh triads
698:
654:
646:
630:
603:
589:
552:II, f. 1b-4.
483:
478:
474:
470:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
433:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:
384:
375:
374:prefixed to
367:
357:
346:
344:
336:
327:
323:
317:
309:
308:
298:
294:
290:
286:
284:
281:
276:
264:24), though
261:
253:
250:
243:
237:
233:
231:
219:
215:
211:
207:
184:
175:dragonstones
171:
144:
141:
136:
134:
122:
118:Y Mabinogion
116:
106:
100:
98:
90:otherworldly
87:
81:
80:
76:
71:
70:
64:
60:
54:
51:Immram Brain
50:
48:
41:
39:
29:Immram Brain
28:
19:
18:
2987:Dindsenchas
2774:GoĂdel Glas
2599:Crom Cruach
2104:Imram Brain
2082:Imram Brain
2054:: 223â260.
1682:Dunn (1921)
1581:pp. 476â479
1445:Dunn (1921)
1092:eDIL s.v. "
915:Meyer, Kuno
911:Best, R. I.
853:|work=
642:Meyer, Kuno
376:Togail TroĂ
269: [
266:Walter Haug
3015:Categories
2891:Tech Duinn
2886:TĂr na nĂg
2876:Otherworld
2530:Fomhoraigh
2444:Mac Gréine
2373:Dian Cecht
2309:BĂ© Chuille
1743:: 290â291.
1388:pp. 22â25
1154:Plinius, '
1037:(ed. tr.)
760:References
617:Irish Text
595:Irish Text
467:orichalcum
392:Mabinogion
236:, such as
158:Otherworld
2850:Fragarach
2840:Areadbhar
2802:Creatures
2759:Ăber Finn
2754:Ăber Donn
2736:Milesians
2655:PartholĂłn
2609:Mug Ruith
2452:Mac Cecht
2448:Mac Cuill
2324:Bodb Derg
2261:Tuatha DĂ©
2199:: 104â42.
2117:: 409â19.
2100:(1930). "
1928:. BRILL.
1888:: 73â94.
1566:pp. 32â35
1539:pp. 62â63
1524:pp. 30â31
1509:pp. 78â79
1494:pp. 28â31
1386:Navigatio
1066:: 141â143
855:ignored (
845:cite book
765:Citations
726:dragontia
475:findruine
403:from the
372:Argonauts
277:Navigatio
262:Navigatio
228:Parallels
189:riding a
113:Brittonic
24:Old Irish
2928:Uisneach
2918:Teamhair
2881:Mag Mell
2819:Failinis
2809:Aes SĂde
2779:LĂĄmfhind
2716:Rudraige
2670:Fir Bolg
2638:Settlers
2619:Tlachtga
2589:Caillech
2548:Cethlenn
2472:MorrĂgan
2462:ManannĂĄn
2424:Fuamnach
2364:DelbĂĄeth
2304:BĂĄnĂĄnach
2136:: 33â52.
2094:: 256â7.
2060:25502810
1976:(1888),
1894:30007669
1824:: 87â104
1579:Ch. 11,
1537:Ch. 28,
1507:Ch. 31,
1460:(1970).
1285:¶63â65.
1187:30007780
1048:: 1â17.
949:Harleian
872:(1948).
663:See also
644:(1895),
569:Dublin,
558:Dublin,
534:London,
523:Dublin,
512:Oxford,
501:Dublin,
459:Atlantis
405:Mabinogi
131:Synopsis
105:and the
2923:Toraigh
2860:Uaithne
2749:BreogĂĄn
2706:Sengann
2693:Fodbgen
2614:Tailtiu
2511:Goibniu
2495:Nechtan
2419:Flidais
2368:Tuirenn
2344:Cermait
2252:figures
1949:Echtrai
1818:Celtica
1313:: 34â35
1293:: 32â35
1273:: 30â31
1250:: 28â31
1230:: 16â29
1210:: 16â17
1202:¶31â32.
1083:: 1â5 .
820:(ed.).
679:Odyssey
631:Immrama
613:23 N 10
529:23 N 10
486:Elysium
471:immrama
442:or the
440:Odyssey
436:immrama
324:immrama
299:echtrae
295:immrama
291:echtrae
287:immrama
234:immrama
199:coracle
191:chariot
102:Odyssey
61:immrama
2869:Places
2814:Enbarr
2764:ĂrimĂłn
2721:SlĂĄine
2711:Rinnal
2702:Genann
2650:Cesair
2594:Carman
2582:Others
2573:Tethra
2568:Ethniu
2563:Elatha
2558:Conand
2553:Cichol
2519:Luchta
2515:Credne
2499:Elcmar
2480:Nemain
2414:Fiacha
2391:Ernmas
2381:Airmed
2354:ClĂdna
2339:Brigid
2314:BĂ©ážinn
2294:Danand
2281:Aengus
2263:Danann
2240:: the
2180:-->
2173:
2058:
2030:
1961:
1932:
1892:
1865:
1843:
1794:
1772:
1666:
1611:
1305:¶66.
1185:
1145:: 5â15
833:
825:Imrama
669:Aeneid
619:@CELT.
597:@CELT.
564:H 4.22
490:Virgil
452:Aeneid
444:Aeneid
108:Aeneid
66:echtra
56:immram
36:Source
2937:Texts
2833:Items
2789:Scota
2726:Sreng
2660:Nemed
2538:Balor
2491:Nuada
2467:Midir
2457:Macha
2409:FĂłdla
2405:Banba
2396:ĂtaĂn
2377:Miach
2359:Dagda
2334:Brian
2319:Boann
2271:AbcĂĄn
2056:JSTOR
1890:JSTOR
1265:¶62.
1242:¶61.
1183:JSTOR
1159:37.57
1094:aball
951:5280.
947:,and
562:, MS
273:]
167:Emain
2698:Gann
2604:Donn
2543:Bres
2505:Ogma
2486:Neit
2476:Badb
2401:Ăriu
2386:Ecne
2349:Cian
2329:Bres
2299:Ăine
2290:Danu
2194:Ăriu
2171:ISBN
2148:Ăriu
2131:Ăriu
2028:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1882:Ăriu
1863:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1723:¶6/
1664:ISBN
1638:apud
1609:ISBN
1564:¶65
1522:¶62
1492:¶61
1413:apud
1390:apud
1370:apud
1175:Ăriu
990:apud
962:apud
878:apud
857:help
831:ISBN
411:and
242:and
222:ogam
2784:MĂl
2439:Lug
2434:Lir
2429:LĂ©n
2286:Anu
2276:Aed
2192:."
2146:".
2129:."
2111:ZCP
2108:".
2088:ZCP
2085:".
1075:¶2.
1052:. "
571:TCD
560:TCD
527:MS
525:RIA
503:RIA
301:).
3017::
2517:,
2513:,
2497:,
2478:,
2197:23
2186:ââ
2165:,
2151:27
2140:ââ
2134:26
2115:18
2098:ââ
2092:28
2052:30
2050:.
2007:10
2005:,
2001:,
1984:,
1980:,
1953:,
1911:.
1907:.
1886:27
1884:.
1835:,
1822:18
1820:,
1816:,
1786:,
1764:,
1739:,
1701:^
1654:,
1603:,
1587:^
1470:^
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1318:^
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1289:,
1269:,
1255:^
1246:,
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1206:,
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1177:.
1141:,
1125:^
1096:".
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1015:^
1000:^
943:,
913:;
909:;
849::
847:}}
843:{{
808:^
615:.
573:,
538:,
516:,
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2493:(
2482:)
2474:(
2450:-
2446:-
2407:-
2403:-
2379:-
2375:-
2366:-
2292:-
2288:-
2230:e
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2163:"
2062:.
2036:.
1986:9
1951:"
1938:.
1913:6
1896:.
1814:"
1741:1
1311:1
1291:1
1271:1
1248:1
1228:1
1208:1
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1143:1
1081:1
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1025:.
859:)
839:.
658:.
655:2
378:.
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