379:
1039:, had given the outcome of the results of the work of the commission: guilt of Oswald, the latter having acted alone. Even before the creation of the commission, on November 25, 1963, and a few hours after the assassination of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby in the premises of the Dallas police, Nicolas Katzenbach, assistant attorney general, had indicated in a memorandum intended of Bill Moyers that: "The public must be convinced that Oswald was the killer; that he had no accomplices still at large; and that evidence was such that he would have been found guilty at trial" creating a political orientation of the results of the investigation, even before the start of the first official investigations and knowledge of the results. Its objective was to cut short the speculations of public opinion either on a plot of communist origin (thesis of the
766:
898:"benign cover-up" by withholding information from the Warren Commission, according to a report by the CIA Chief Historian David Robarge released to the public in 2014. According to this report, CIA officers had been instructed to give only "passive, reactive, and selective" assistance to the commission, to keep the commission focused on "what the Agency believed at the time was the 'best truth' — that Lee Harvey Oswald, for as yet undetermined motives, had acted alone in killing John Kennedy." The CIA may have also covered up evidence of being in communication with Oswald before 1963, according to the 2014 report findings.
43:
407:
1979:"nless the president certifies that continued postponement is made necessary by an identifiable harm to the military defense, intelligence operations, law enforcement, or conduct of foreign relations, and the identifiable harm is of such gravity that it outweighs the public interest in disclosure." — JFK Records Act. Both the National Archives and the former chairman of the ARRB estimate that 7.6 percent of all identified Kennedy assassination records have been released to the public. The great majority of the unreleased records are from subsequent investigations, including the
274:. At first, Warren refused to head of the commission because he stated the principle of law that a member of the judicial power could not be at the service of the executive power. It was only under pressure from President Lyndon Johnson, who spoke of international tensions and the risks of war resulting from the death of his predecessor, that he agreed to chair the commission. The other members of the commission were chosen from among the representatives of the Republican and Democratic parties, in both houses of Congress, and added diplomat
987:(ARRB) was created by the JFK Records Act to collect and preserve the documents relating to the assassination. In a footnote in its final report, the ARRB wrote: "Doubts about the Warren Commission's findings were not restricted to ordinary Americans. Well before 1978, President Johnson, Robert F. Kennedy, and four of the seven members of the Warren Commission all articulated, if sometimes off the record, some level of skepticism about the Commission's basic findings."
914:
141:
351:
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810:
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criminals who continued their operations to overthrow the regime of Fidel Castro despite requests for formal arrests from the White House. The HSCA invited the
Department of Justice to resume investigations. The latter would respond eight years later, arguing the absence of decisive evidence allowing the reopening of an investigation, which is equivalent to supporting the conclusions of Warren report.
393:
52:
905:, which might have been considered to provide a motive to assassinate Kennedy. The report concluded, "In the long term, the decision of John McCone and Agency leaders in 1964 not to disclose information about CIA's anti-Castro schemes might have done more to undermine the credibility of the Commission than anything else that happened while it was conducting its investigation."
2500:
1876:, p. 2. Redacted text includes the names of living intelligence sources, intelligence gathering methods still used today and not commonly known, and purely private matters. The Kennedy autopsy photographs and X-rays were never part of the Warren Commission records, and were deeded separately to the National Archives by the Kennedy family in 1966 under restricted conditions.
323:
1015:
it had its own investigative capacity thanks to direct access to the emergency presidential budget funds granted by
President Lyndon Johnson when it was created, to conduct its own investigations. Thus the Warren commission was not informed by the FBI of the discovery the day after the attack, on November 23, 1963, by a medical student, William Harper, of a piece of
365:
849:. The unpublished portion of those records was initially sealed for 75 years (to 2039) under a general National Archives policy that applied to all federal investigations by the executive branch of government, a period "intended to serve as protection for innocent persons who could otherwise be damaged because of their relationship with participants in the case."
1137:, a huge point of international tension in the 1960s, and that of the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy. The Church Committee questioned the process of obtaining the information, blaming federal agencies for failing in their duties and responsibilities and concluding that the investigation into the assassination had been flawed.
757:
responsibility was that of the police department, it also recommended the adoption of a new "code of conduct" for news professionals regarding the collecting and presenting of information to the public that would ensure "there be no interference with pending criminal investigations, court proceedings, or the right of individuals to a fair trial."
713:
Governor
Connally's testimony and certain other factors have given rise to some difference of opinion as to this probability but there is no question in the mind of any member of the Commission that all the shots which caused the President's and Governor Connally's wounds were fired from the sixth-floor window of the Texas School Book Depository.
1647:
226:, himself from Texas, the state where the two assassinations had taken place, found himself faced with the risk of a weakening of his presidency. Confronted with the results obtained by the Texas authorities, themselves seriously discredited and criticized, he decided after various consultations, including in particular that with FBI director
1058:, the director of the FBI from 1924 to 1972, who had centralized all of the information from the FBI agents before synthesizing it and transmitting it to the Warren Commission. He campaigned for a reopening of the file considering that the director of the FBI had lied to the Warren commission. He disappeared in a plane crash in October 1972.
996:
the shots were fired, were fleeing the area of the shooting. In reality, the people present, including a dozen members of the security forces, in particular
Sheriff Decker's team, who had given the order to investigate the area, all testified that they were running to the search for one or more shooters posted on the grassy Knoll.
1024:, who, informed by a letter from Dr. Cairns transmitted to the Warren Commission, allowed the latter to question the practitioner. The non-use by the members of the Warren Commission of the direct elements of the autopsy such as notes, photos and x-rays. He only used drawings by FBI artists reproducing photographic images.
202:. According to published transcripts of Johnson's presidential phone conversations, some major officials were opposed to forming such a commission and several commission members took part only reluctantly. One of their chief reservations was that a commission would ultimately create more controversy than consensus.
303:
in private, they were not secret. In a secret hearing, the witness is instructed not to disclose his testimony to any third party, and the hearing testimony is not published for public consumption. The witnesses who appeared before the
Commission were free to repeat what they said to anyone they pleased, and
1239:
The findings of the Warren
Commission are generally highly criticized, and while the majority of American citizens believe that Oswald shot President Kennedy, the majority also believe that Oswald was part of a conspiracy and therefore do not believe the official thesis defended by the commission. In
1203:
As part of its investigation, the HSCA also evaluated the performance of the Warren
Commission, which included interviews and public testimony from the two surviving Commission members (Ford and McCloy) and various Commission legal counsel staff. The Committee concluded in their final report that the
1199:
In his
September 1978 testimony to the HSCA, President Ford defended the Warren Commission's investigation as thorough. Ford stated that knowledge of the assassination plots against Castro may have affected the scope of the Commission's investigation but expressed doubt that it would have altered its
752:
The commission concluded that the pressure of press, radio, and television for information about Oswald's prison transfer resulted in lax security standards for admission to the basement, allowing Ruby to enter and subsequently shoot Oswald, noting that "the acceptance of inadequate press credentials
302:
Two misconceptions about the Warren
Commission hearing need to be clarified...hearings were closed to the public unless the witness appearing before the Commission requested an open hearing. No witness except one...requested an open hearing... Second, although the hearings (except one) were conducted
1180:
The HSCA involved
Congressional hearings and ultimately concluded that Oswald assassinated Kennedy, probably as the result of a conspiracy. The HSCA concluded that Oswald fired shots number one, two, and four, and that an unknown assassin fired shot number three (but missed) from near the corner of
1014:
The ballistic reports conducted by the FBI and the autopsy reports were not the subject of any counter-investigation, which made the commission directly dependent on the work of the latter. The Warren Commission, by decision of Earl Warren, refused to hire its own independent investigators. However,
995:
In its conclusions, the opposition of the summary of the report and the documents constituting the 26 volumes of annexes leading to a falsification of the facts. For example, the Warren Commission argued that direct witnesses to the shooting, who immediately rushed en masse to the grassy knoll after
875:
The remaining Kennedy assassination-related documents were partly released to the public on October 26, 2017, twenty-five years after the passage of the JFK Records Act. President Donald Trump, as directed by the FBI and the CIA, took action on that date to withhold certain remaining files, delaying
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of 1959 had caused the criminal organization to lose millions of dollars, which had tried in vain to win the favors of the Cuban leader during the change of regime. In 1959, the income generated by criminal activities amounted to an annual amount of 100 million dollars, i.e. 900 million reported in
1019:
located at the rear left in relation to at the position of the presidential limo during the fatal shot to the head. He had it examined by the professor and medical examiner, Doctor Cairns who measured it and photographed this piece before informing the FBI, on November 25, 1963. The latter received
973:
wrote: "The Warren report will have to be judged, not by its soothing success, but by the value of its argument. I must admit that from the first reading of the report, it seemed impossible to me to join in this general cry of triumph. I had the impression that the text had serious flaws. Moreover,
927:
In the years following the release of its report and 26 investigatory evidence volumes in 1964, the Warren Commission has been frequently criticized for some of its methods, important omissions, and conclusions. Many independent investigators, journalists, historians, jurists, and academics issued
841:
In November 1964, two months after the publication of its 888-page report, the Commission published twenty-six volumes of supporting documents, including the testimony or depositions of 552 witnesses and more than 3,100 exhibits making a total of more than 16,000 pages. The Warren report, however,
698:
President Kennedy was first struck by a bullet which entered at the back of his neck and exited through the lower front portion of his neck, causing a wound which would not necessarily have been lethal. The President was struck by a second bullet, which entered the right-rear portion of his head,
1230:
of October 1962, in order to appease relations with the Cuban regime on a lasting basis and to open up new prospects, contributed to directing, if not slightly, within the many groups of paramilitary operations the most radical fringe of anti-Castro Cubans, American intelligence agents and Mafia
712:
Although it is not necessary to any essential findings of the Commission to determine just which shot hit Governor Connally, there is very persuasive evidence from the experts to indicate that the same bullet which pierced the President's throat also caused Governor Connally's wounds. However,
1084:
Four other U.S. government or senate investigations have been conducted about the Warren Commission's conclusion or its material in different circumstances. The Church Committee analyzed in 1976 the work of the CIA and FBI which had communicated the different elements to the Warren Commission
756:
The consequence of Oswald's death, according to the Commission, was that "it was no longer possible to arrive at the complete story of the assassination of John F. Kennedy through normal judicial procedures during the trial of the alleged assassin." While the Commission noted that the prime
748:
In response to Jack Ruby's shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald, the Warren Commission declared that the news media must share responsibility with the Dallas police department for "the breakdown of law enforcement" that led to Oswald's death. In addition to the police department's "inadequacy of
1619:
On the occasion of their second meeting, Ford and Hale Boggs joined with Dulles. Hale Boggs told Warren flatly that Olney would not be acceptable and that he (Boggs) would not work on the Commission with Olney. Warren put up a stiff argument but a compromise was made when the name of
702:
Governor Connally was struck by a bullet which entered on the right side of his back and traveled downward through the right side of his chest, exiting below his right nipple. This bullet then passed through his right wrist and entered his left thigh then it caused a superficial
1240:
1976, 81% of Americans disputed the findings of the Warren Report, 74% in 1983, 75% in 1993 and 2003. In 2009, a CBS poll indicated that 74% of respondents believed there had been an official cover-up by the authorities to keep the general public away from the truth.
1795:…list of the 552 witnesses whose testimony has been presented to the Commission. Witnesses who appeared before members of the Commission… those questioned during depositions by members of the Commission's legal staff… those who supplied affidavits and statements…
218:
on November 24, 1963, carried live on national television in the basement of the Dallas police station. The lack of a public process addressing the mistakes of the Dallas Police, who concluded that the case was closed, created doubt in the mind of the public.
1206:"...the Warren Commission was not, in some respects, an accurate presentation of all the evidence available to the Commission or a true reflection of the scope of the Commission's work, particularly on the issue of possible conspiracy in the assassination."
832:
to make numerous modifications to its security procedures. The Commission made other recommendations to the Congress to adopt new legislation that would make the murder of the President (or Vice-President) a federal crime, which was not the case in 1963.
1128:
It focuses on the necessary actions and the support provided by the FBI and the CIA to the Warren Commission and raises the question of the possible connection between the plans to assassinate political leaders abroad, in particular in relation to
1980:
1090:
1192:. The HSCA Final Report in 1979 did agree with the Warren Report's conclusion in 1964 that two bullets caused all of President Kennedy's and Governor Connally's injuries, and that both bullets were fired by Oswald from the sixth floor of the
230:, to create a presidential commission of inquiry by Executive Order 11130 of November 29, 1963. This act made it possible both to avoid an independent investigation led by Congress and to avoid entrusting the case to the Attorney General,
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857:
378:
1326:"Joint resolution authorizing the Commission established to report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy to compel the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence – P.L. 88-202"
181:, mandating the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence. Its 888-page final report was presented to President Johnson on September 24, 1964, and made public three days later.
1007:, on board Air Force One, then at Bethesda Naval Hospital during the autopsy. He signed the death certificate and also took delivery of the brain of John Fitzgerald Kennedy which is declared lost in the
726:
Ruby entered the basement of the Dallas Police Department and killed Lee Harvey Oswald and there is no evidence to support the rumor that Ruby may have been assisted by any members of the Dallas Police
2878:
1150:"the fatal mistake the Warren Commission made was to not use its own investigators, but instead to rely on the CIA and FBI personnel, which played directly into the hands of senior intelligence"
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posed a clear avenue for a one-man assault." Oswald's death was said to have been a direct result of "the failure of the police to remove Oswald secretly or control the crowd in the basement."
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2403:
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1988:
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lacked an index, which greatly complicated the work of reading. It was later endowed with an index by the work of Sylvia Meagher for the report and the 26 volumes of documents.
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765:
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1125:. The Church Committee carried out investigative work on the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, questioning 50 witnesses and accessing 3,000 documents.
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The results of the Church Committee opened the way of the creation of the HSCA, with parallelly the March 6, 1975, first time diffusion on network television in the show
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The shots which killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor Connally were fired from the sixth-floor window at the southeast corner of the Texas School Book Depository.
2936:
2767:
2762:
2731:
1254:
1189:
257:
2921:
2226:
1824:
Master Index to the J. F. K. Assassination Investigations: The Reports and Supporting Volumes of the House Select Committee on Assassinations and the Warren Commission
1011:. Concerning the conclusions of the Warren commission about the three shots, the practitioner had declared in 1967: "I would not like to be quoted on this subject".
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192:
acted alone when he killed Oswald two days later. The Commission's findings have proven controversial and have been both challenged and supported by later studies.
2946:
2604:
2520:
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in 1970 that Kennedy had been the victim of a conspiracy, criticizing the commission's no-conspiracy finding and saying "we weren't told the truth about Oswald".
730:
The Commission has found no evidence that either Lee Harvey Oswald or Jack Ruby was part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to assassinate President Kennedy.
2579:
1603:
1557:
1008:
846:
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coordination," the Warren Commission noted that "these additional deficiencies were related directly to the decision to admit newsmen to the basement."
1956:
1667:
1285:"Lyndon B. Johnson: "Executive Order 11130 – Appointing a Commission To Report Upon the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy," November 29, 1963"
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2513:
2931:
1094:
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The Commission believes that recommendations for improvements in Presidential protection are compelled by the facts disclosed in this investigation.
177:
The U.S. Congress passed Senate Joint Resolution 137 authorizing the Presidential appointed Commission to report on the assassination of President
2736:
1259:
253:
1085:
Members. The three others concluded with the initial conclusions that two shots struck JFK from the rear: the 1968 panel set by Attorney General
475:
733:
The Commission has found no evidence of conspiracy, subversion, or disloyalty to the U.S. Government by any Federal, State, or local official.
406:
2375:
2356:
2307:
1914:
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2007:
234:, deeply affected by the assassination, whose federal jurisdiction would have been applied in the event of withdrawal of the share of the
244:, Deputy Attorney General, provided advice that led to the creation of the Warren Commission. On November 25 he sent a memo to Johnson's
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611:
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There is no credible evidence that the shots were fired from the Triple Underpass, ahead of the motorcade, or from any other location.
653:
429:
271:
196:
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1043:) or a plot fomented by the far right to blame the communists (hypothesis defended by the press of communist bloc formed around the
2926:
2829:
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499:
457:
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171:
1467:
L'assassinat de John F. Kennedy: Histoire d'un mystère d'Etat (Assassination of John F. Kennedy : history of State mystery)
1317:
1222:
The HSCA determined that the gradual change in policy of the Kennedy administration toward Cuba, first with the failure of the
1110:
266:
Four days after Katzenbach's memo, Johnson appointed to the commission some of the nation's most prominent figures, including
1607:
1596:
1097:(HSCA), which reexamined the evidence with the help of the largest forensics panel and bringing new materials to the public.
489:
157:
1204:
Commission was reasonably thorough and acted in good faith, but failed to adequately address the possibility of conspiracy:
2842:
1498:
2648:
1413:
Morris, John D. (November 30, 1963). "Johnson Names a 7-Man Panel to Investigate Assassination; Chief Warren Heads It".
1193:
829:
559:
2194:
US State Senate, Select Committee to tudy governmental operations wit respect to intelligence Agency (April 26, 1979).
1636:
2626:
1114:
895:
503:
1935:
1076:, and he asked Earl Warren to indicate his disagreement in a footnote, which the chairman of the commission refused.
262:
The public must be satisfied that Oswald was the assassin; that he did not have confederates who are still at large."
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the release until April 26, 2018, then on April 26, 2018, took action to further withhold the records "until 2021".
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2726:
2665:
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2197:
Book V - The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F Kennedy performances of the intelligence agency
1004:
865:
860:. By 1992, 98 percent of the Warren Commission records had been released to the public. Six years later, after the
291:
2093:
42:
2809:
2252:
1779:
1597:"Miscellaneous Records of the Church Committee; Memorandum to Mr. Mohr; Subject: ASSASSINATION OF THE PRESIDENT"
2210:
1118:
1040:
928:
opinions opposing the conclusions of the Warren commission based on the same elements collected by its works.
1365:
Roberts, Chalmers M. (September 28, 1964). "Warren Report Says Oswald Acted Alone; Raps FBI, Secret Service".
2041:
350:
336:
307:
of their testimony was subsequently published in the first fifteen volumes put out by the Warren Commission.
294:
in Washington, D.C. The Commission conducted its business primarily in closed sessions, but these were not
1873:
901:
Also withheld were earlier CIA plots, involving CIA links with the Mafia, to assassinate Cuban president
716:
The shots which killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor Connally were fired by Lee Harvey Oswald.
2449:
2444:
1718:
Belair Jr., Felix (September 28, 1964). "(Warren Commission) Rebukes Secret Service, Asks Revamping".
1383:(September 28, 1964). "Warren Commission Finds Oswald Guilty and Says Assassin and Ruby Acted Alone".
290:
The Warren Commission met formally for the first time on December 5, 1963, on the second floor of the
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2784:
1264:
1227:
1223:
1073:
921:
577:
447:
443:
2430:
2033:
1325:
1050:
As early as the 1970s, official members of the Warren Commission questioned its work, in particular
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1066:
798:
778:
565:
544:
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435:
356:
342:
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1431:(1997). "Taking charge: the Johnson White House tapes, 1963-1964". New York: Simon & Schuster.
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also considered the ballistic findings to be "unconvincing". Russell also particularly rejected
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was created per US Senate after the revelations about illegal actions of federal agency as the
260:, Katzenbach said that the results of the FBI's investigation should be made public. He wrote:
2804:
2555:
2463:
2389:
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1940:
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231:
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185:
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70:
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1984:
1215:
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817:
671:
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2092:(September 30, 1998). "Chapter 1: The Problem of Secrecy and the Solution of the JFK Act".
1754:
2594:
2548:
1249:
1166:
1055:
647:
583:
364:
227:
178:
164:
140:
2278:
US House of representatives, House Select Committee on Assassinations (January 2, 1979).
2166:
1807:
Lewis, Anthony (November 24, 1964). "Kennedy Slaying Relived in Detail in Warren Files".
51:
2680:
1531:
1146:"The John F. Kennedy assassination investigation was snuffed out before it even began,"
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1000:
891:
770:
589:
553:
509:
412:
275:
132:
1398:
Pomfret, John D. (September 28, 1964). "Commission Says Ruby Acted Alone in Slaying".
1188:. However, this conclusion has also been criticized, especially for its reliance upon
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instructions not to make any publicity on this subject. It was the Attorney General,
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774:
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17:
769:
The Warren Commission presents its report to President Johnson. From left to right:
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2233:. Vol. 120, no. 226. Lawrence, Kansas. AP. September 21, 1978. p. 1
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1003:, who was present during the shooting in the convoy of official vehicles then at
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The Commission took its unofficial name—the Warren Commission—from its chairman,
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2068:
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782:
481:
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384:
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210:
The creation of the Warren Commission was a direct consequence of the murder by
199:
124:
102:
1668:"Press and Dallas Police Blamed for Confusion That Permitted Slaying of Oswald"
1284:
736:
The Commission could not make any definitive determination of Oswald's motives.
2323:
US House of representatives, House Select Committee on Assassinations (1979).
1051:
1035:
published in 1966, that as early as the beginning of 1964, the chief adviser,
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802:
513:
467:
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2327:(First ed.). Washington: US Government Publishing Office. pp. 5–18.
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when probing the weak parts, they appeared even weaker than at first sight."
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2741:
1181:
a picket fence that was above and to President Kennedy's right front on the
864:'s work, all Warren Commission records, except those records that contained
845:
All of the commission's records were then transferred on November 23 to the
471:
211:
189:
2660:
2494:
2386:
A Cruel and Shocking Act: The Secret History of the Kennedy Assassination
2284:(First ed.). Washington: US Government Printing Office. p. 261.
1350:
Mohr, Charles (September 25, 1964). "Johnson Gets Assassination Report".
1302:
Baluch, Jerry T. (November 30, 1963). "Warren Heads into Assassination".
1121:
on the territory of the United States of America and after the political
485:
461:
2101:. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. 11
1210:
The HSCA also pointed to the role of the mafia in the attack because of
1915:"'I have no choice': Trump blocks the release of hundreds of JFK files"
1321:
1144:
indicated on this subject, in a television interview on June 27, 1976:
709:
The weight of the evidence indicates that there were three shots fired.
977:
In 1992, following popular political pressure in the wake of the film
1624:
was mentioned. Warren stated he knew Rankin and could work with him.,
999:
It also did not interview John Fitzgerald Kennedy's personal doctor,
2490:
2034:"DCI John McCone and the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy"
36:
The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy
2325:
Volume X : The Ingredients of an Anti-Castro Cuban Conspiracy
2008:"Yes, the CIA Director Was Part of the JFK Assassination Cover-Up"
912:
808:
764:
235:
139:
1936:"Trump delays release of some JFK assassination files until 2021"
1650:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1172:
and never shown to the public during the preceding twenty years.
1499:"Nicholas Katzenbach dies at 90; attorney general under Johnson"
1211:
1134:
150:
President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy
2509:
1662:
1660:
2127:
278:, former president of the World Bank, and former CIA director
2152:
Inquest. The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth
1957:"Donald Trump blocks release of some JFK assassination files"
188:
and that Oswald acted entirely alone. It also concluded that
2200:(First ed.). Washington: US Government Printing Office.
533:
1887:"25th JFK Assassination Secrets Scheduled for 2017 Release"
1695:
The Great Contemporary Issues: The Mass Media and Politics
1200:
finding that Oswald acted alone in assassinating Kennedy.
238:
for the benefit of the federal authorities in Washington.
2368:
Castro's Secrets: The CIA and Cuba's Intelligence Machine
1848:
National Archives Deputy Dr. Robert Bahmer, interview in
931:
These skeptics and their works included Thomas Buchanan,
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
184:
It concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by
172:
assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy
2095:
Final Report of the Assassination Records Review Board
1908:
1906:
1862:
Final Report of the Assassination Records Review Board
1697:. New York, NY: Ayer Co. Publishing. pp. 82–83.
852:
The 75-year rule no longer exists, supplanted by the
1564:. Lodi, California. UPI. December 6, 1964. p. 2
1331:. U.S. Government Printing Office. December 13, 1963
2856:
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2714:
2565:
1532:"Nicholas Katzenbach, JFK and LBJ aide, dead at 90"
108:
98:
93:
85:
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66:
61:
2483:is available for free viewing and download at the
1737:. Associated Press. September 28, 1964. p. 1.
1255:John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories
723:approximately 45 minutes after the assassination.
2351:. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
2349:: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy
2001:
1999:
1997:
868:information, were available to the public with
300:
2069:"The Warren Commission'S Failed Investigation"
1759:Mary Ferrel Foundation - preserving the legacy
1226:in April 1961, then more sustainably with the
2521:
1469:(in French). Paris: Edition Nouveaux Mondes.
8:
2480:"November 22nd and The Warren Report (1964)"
1913:Laurie Kellman, Deb Riechmann (1963-11-22).
1604:National Archives and Records Administration
1176:The House Select Committee on Assassinations
256:to investigate the assassination. To combat
30:
2942:1964 disestablishments in the United States
1291:. University of California – Santa Barbara.
1061:Commission member Richard Russell told the
886:CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
174:that had taken place on November 22, 1963.
2825:
2528:
2514:
2506:
50:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
920:reproducing the assumed alignment of the
170:on November 29, 1963, to investigate the
2937:1963 establishments in the United States
2874:House Select Committee on Assassinations
2445:House Select Committee on Assassinations
2281:Final Report : summary and findings
1989:House Select Committee on Assassinations
1836:
1753:Marry Ferrel Foundation (4 March 2023).
1582:
1095:House Select Committee on Assassinations
144:The Warren Commission on 14 August 1964.
2922:Reports of the United States government
2469:Works by or about the Warren Commission
2165:Mary Ferrel Foundation (4 March 2023).
2120:Mary Ferrel Foundation (4 March 2023).
1826:. Michigan University: Scarecrow Press.
1275:
315:
2952:United States Presidential Commissions
1780:"Warren Commission Report: Appendix 5"
1460:
1458:
935:, Harold Feldman, Richard E. Sprague,
719:Oswald killed Dallas Police Patrolman
86:Related Executive Order number(s)
29:
2947:Public inquiries in the United States
2302:. London: Headline Publishing Group.
2293:
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1438:
7:
1733:"Johnson Names 4 to Act on Report".
492:), House Minority Leader (1913–2006)
1822:Sylvia Meagher, Gary Owens (1980).
1595:DeLoach, C. D. (12 December 1963).
488:), U.S. Representative (later 38th
2748:Jack Ruby Shoots Lee Harvey Oswald
2440:Assassination Records Review Board
2404:"A Critique of the Warren Report."
2090:Assassination Records Review Board
1283:Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T.
985:Assassination Records Review Board
862:Assassination Records Review Board
699:causing a massive and fatal wound.
668:Charles N. Shaffer Jr. (1932–2015)
430:Chief Justice of the United States
272:Chief Justice of the United States
25:
2006:Shenon, Philip (6 October 2014).
1497:Savage, David G. (May 10, 2012).
478:, House Majority Whip (1914–1972)
2537:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
2498:
2154:. New York: Bantam. p. 245.
2032:David Robarge (September 2013).
1645:
1054:who criticized the influence of
500:Director of Central Intelligence
405:
391:
377:
363:
349:
335:
321:
317:Members of the Warren Commission
252:recommending the formation of a
41:
2932:Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
2388:. New York: Henry Holt and Co.
2227:"Ford defends panel's findings"
1289:The American Presidency Project
816:reproduced in book form by the
2800:Robert N. McClelland (surgeon)
2790:1992 Assassination Records Act
2460:Works by the Warren Commission
1306:. Associated Press. p. 1.
574:Leon D. Hubert Jr. (1911–1977)
490:President of the United States
27:Investigation into JFK's death
1:
2843:Burial site and Eternal Flame
2071:. Michaelgriffith1.tripod.com
2049:(3). CIA: 7–13, 20. C06185413
1955:Jeremy B White (2018-04-26).
2649:Texas School Book Depository
2231:Lawrence Journal Daily World
1194:Texas School Book Depository
644:Arthur K. Marmor (1915–1968)
629:Edward A. Conroy (1920–1993)
595:W. David Slawson (1931–2023)
560:William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.
152:, known unofficially as the
2497:(public domain audiobooks)
2150:Epstein, Edward J. (1966).
2128:https://www.maryferrell.org
1214:. Indeed, the Cuban Castro
1165:, which had been stored by
896:Central Intelligence Agency
777:(General Counsel), Senator
691:The report concluded that:
665:Alfredda Scobey (1912–2001)
638:Alfred Goldberg (1918–2007)
504:Central Intelligence Agency
464:), U.S. Senator (1901–1991)
258:speculation of a conspiracy
2968:
2869:Jim Garrison investigation
2805:Charles Baxter (physician)
2491:Works by Warren Commission
1190:disputed acoustic evidence
963:Accessories After the Fact
883:
854:Freedom of Information Act
828:The findings prompted the
744:Death of Lee Harvey Oswald
641:Murray J. Laulicht (1940–)
610:(1931–) (liaison with the
550:Joseph A. Ball (1902–2000)
512:, former president of the
292:National Archives Building
2891:
2810:Malcolm Perry (physician)
2543:
1852:, December 18, 1964, p.24
1558:"Warren Commission Meets"
991:Weak points of the report
687:Conclusions of the report
626:Philip Barson (1912–1997)
49:
40:
35:
2298:Summer, Anthony (2013).
2126:Mary Ferrel Foundation (
2927:United States documents
2384:Shenon, Philip (2013).
2122:"The missing physician"
2042:Studies in Intelligence
1850:New York Herald Tribune
1693:Fixx, James F. (1972).
1465:LENTZ, Thierry (2010).
1304:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1260:Presidential Commission
858:JFK Records Act of 1992
604:Samuel A. Stern (1929–)
571:Burt W. Griffin (1932–)
254:Presidential Commission
109:Other committee members
2661:Presidential limousine
2450:Rockefeller Commission
2411:, March 1965, pp. 60+.
2370:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2366:Latell, Brian (2012).
2171:Mary Ferrel Foundation
1981:Rockefeller Commission
1091:Rockefeller Commission
1074:"single bullet" theory
924:
820:
806:
432:(chairman) (1891–1974)
309:
145:
2300:Not in Your Life Time
1643:. September 24, 1964.
1429:Beschloss, Michael R.
1140:The American Senator
967:Six Seconds in Dallas
965:or Josiah Thompson's
916:
894:was "complicit" in a
880:CIA "benign cover-up"
812:
768:
612:Department of Justice
156:, was established by
143:
56:Cover of final report
18:The Warren Commission
2785:Single-bullet theory
2737:Johnson inauguration
1674:. September 28, 1964
1265:Single-bullet theory
1224:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1101:The Church Committee
1080:Other investigations
969:. English historian
957:, Harold Weisberg's
922:single-bullet theory
578:Albert E. Jenner Jr.
73:on November 29, 1963
2838:Foreign dignitaries
2815:Earl Rose (coroner)
2768:Conspiracy theories
2763:Dictabelt recording
2575:Assassination rifle
1755:"Warren Commission"
1367:The Washington Post
1067:John Sherman Cooper
961:, Sylvia Meagher's
799:John Sherman Cooper
566:Melvin A. Eisenberg
545:Francis W. H. Adams
476:U.S. Representative
454:John Sherman Cooper
436:Richard Russell Jr.
357:John Sherman Cooper
343:Richard Russell Jr.
242:Nicholas Katzenbach
222:The new president,
117:John Sherman Cooper
113:Richard Russell Jr.
67:Established by
32:
2848:Black Jack (horse)
2795:In popular culture
2654:Sixth Floor Museum
2600:Jacqueline Kennedy
2431:Warren Commission
2422:Warren Commission
2347:Reclaiming History
1917:. Business Insider
1839:, pp. 136–137
1809:The New York Times
1735:The New York Times
1720:The New York Times
1672:The New York Times
1562:Lodi News-Sentinel
1415:The New York Times
1400:The New York Times
1385:The New York Times
1352:The New York Times
1159:Good Night America
1093:, and the 1978-79
1029:Edward Jay Epstein
1027:The revelation by
948:Edward Jay Epstein
925:
837:Commission records
821:
807:
801:, and Congressman
584:Wesley J. Liebeler
146:
2917:Warren Commission
2904:
2903:
2887:
2886:
2864:Warren Commission
2666:Parkland Hospital
2556:Lee Harvey Oswald
2464:Project Gutenberg
2400:Macdonald, Dwight
2377:978-0-230-62123-7
2358:978-0-393-04525-3
2342:Bugliosi, Vincent
2309:978-0-7553-6542-5
2211:HSCA Final Report
2167:"Katzenbach Memo"
2012:POLITICO Magazine
1941:Los Angeles Times
1874:ARRB Final Report
1784:National Archives
1641:National Archives
1538:. AP. May 9, 2012
1503:Los Angeles Times
1142:Richard Schweiker
1123:Watergate scandal
1022:Robert F. Kennedy
1009:National Archives
1005:Parkland Hospital
971:Hugh Trevor-Roper
847:National Archives
814:The Warren Report
791:Lyndon B. Johnson
683:
682:
608:Howard P. Willens
539:Assistant counsel
232:Robert F. Kennedy
224:Lyndon B. Johnson
216:Lee Harvey Oswald
186:Lee Harvey Oswald
161:Lyndon B. Johnson
154:Warren Commission
138:
137:
71:Lyndon B. Johnson
31:Warren Commission
16:(Redirected from
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2637:Abraham Zapruder
2605:Pink Chanel suit
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2473:Internet Archive
2455:Church Committee
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785:, Chief Justice
672:Lloyd L. Weinreb
660:Stuart R. Pollak
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1071:Arlen Specter's
1063:Washington Post
1056:J. Edgar Hoover
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779:Richard Russell
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521:General counsel
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1402:. p. 17.
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1369:. p. A1.
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2701:Mary Moorman
2691:Three tramps
2644:Dealey Plaza
2585:J. D. Tippit
2554:
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2261:. Retrieved
2257:archives.gov
2256:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2230:
2213:, pp. 41-46.
2206:
2196:
2174:. Retrieved
2170:
2160:
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2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2125:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2094:
2084:
2073:. Retrieved
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2046:
2040:
2027:
2017:24 September
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
1975:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:
1950:
1939:
1930:
1919:. Retrieved
1894:. Retrieved
1890:
1881:
1869:
1864:(1998), p.2.
1857:
1849:
1844:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1811:. p. 1.
1808:
1802:
1794:
1788:. Retrieved
1786:. 2016-08-15
1783:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:
1734:
1728:
1722:. p. 1.
1719:
1713:
1694:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1671:
1640:
1631:
1621:
1618:
1611:. Retrieved
1590:
1578:
1568:November 12,
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1542:December 12,
1540:. Retrieved
1535:
1509:December 12,
1507:. Retrieved
1502:
1466:
1423:
1417:. p. 1.
1414:
1408:
1399:
1393:
1387:. p. 1.
1384:
1375:
1366:
1360:
1354:. p. 1.
1351:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
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1288:
1278:
1238:
1221:
1209:
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1202:
1198:
1186:grassy knoll
1183:Dealey Plaza
1179:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1131:Fidel Castro
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1104:
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1083:
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994:
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930:
926:
903:Fidel Castro
900:
889:
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851:
844:
840:
827:
813:
795:Allen Dulles
789:, President
755:
751:
747:
721:J. D. Tippit
690:
677:
496:Allen Dulles
448:U.S. Senator
399:Allen Dulles
304:
301:
295:
289:
280:Allen Dulles
265:
261:
240:
221:
209:
194:
183:
176:
153:
149:
147:
129:Allen Dulles
2879:Researchers
2686:Orville Nix
2676:Ike Altgens
2612:James Tague
2435:(Full Text)
2426:(Full Text)
1637:"Chapter 1"
1613:18 November
1335:18 November
1089:, the 1975
787:Earl Warren
783:Gerald Ford
771:John McCloy
727:Department.
674:(1936–2021)
656:(1919–2001)
650:(1939–2016)
635:(1938–2003)
601:(1930–2012)
592:(1925–2011)
586:(1931–2002)
580:(1907–1988)
562:(1920–2017)
556:(1928–1999)
547:(1904–1990)
529:(1907–1996)
516:(1895–1989)
506:(1893–1969)
482:Gerald Ford
450:(1897–1971)
426:Earl Warren
385:Gerald Ford
329:Earl Warren
268:Earl Warren
250:Bill Moyers
246:White House
200:Earl Warren
125:Gerald Ford
103:Earl Warren
99:Chairperson
2911:Categories
2627:Clint Hill
2253:"Findings"
2237:August 19,
2075:2019-09-28
1987:, and the
1966:2019-09-28
1921:2019-09-28
1896:2017-03-12
1790:2023-11-25
1622:Lee Rankin
1606:. p.
1271:References
1216:Revolution
1052:Hale Boggs
933:Sylvan Fox
909:Skepticism
870:redactions
866:tax return
803:Hale Boggs
797:, Senator
514:World Bank
468:Hale Boggs
371:Hale Boggs
298:sessions.
121:Hale Boggs
94:Membership
2773:Badge Man
2742:Jack Ruby
2732:Reactions
2715:Aftermath
2671:Witnesses
2053:8 October
1678:April 15,
1148:and that
959:Whitewash
937:Mark Lane
761:Aftermath
498:, former
472:Louisiana
420:Committee
212:Jack Ruby
206:Formation
190:Jack Ruby
158:President
78:Disbanded
2896:Category
2580:Timeline
2495:LibriVox
2433:Hearings
2344:(2007).
2263:25 March
2105:June 10,
1536:Politico
1316:77
1244:See also
1170:magazine
486:Michigan
462:Kentucky
286:Meetings
163:through
2727:Autopsy
2471:at the
2408:Esquire
2176:4 March
2135:4 March
1764:4 March
1161:of the
1033:Inquest
1017:occiput
955:Inquest
662:(1937–)
568:(1934–)
444:Georgia
312:Members
62:History
2424:Report
2392:
2374:
2355:
2306:
1983:, the
1701:
1473:
1320:
1235:Legacy
1219:2013.
983:, the
892:McCone
703:wound.
678:
296:secret
2099:(PDF)
2037:(PDF)
1600:(PDF)
1329:(PDF)
1318:Stat.
951:'
940:'
621:Staff
248:aide
168:11130
89:11130
2390:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2304:ISBN
2265:2018
2239:2015
2178:2023
2137:2023
2107:2015
2055:2015
2019:2020
1891:Time
1766:2023
1699:ISBN
1680:2024
1615:2021
1570:2014
1544:2014
1511:2014
1471:ISBN
1337:2021
1212:Cuba
1168:Life
1135:Cuba
1117:and
1045:USSR
148:The
81:1964
2778:CIA
2493:at
2462:at
1322:362
1133:in
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1115:CIA
1111:FBI
1047:).
980:JFK
484:(R-
474:),
470:(D-
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