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Adjutant, posted the artillery and began firing again. When white flags were shown, Strange was directed to receive the surrender. Meeting with Union Col. Jacob Fry, an elderly officer asking the terms of surrender, Forrest replied, "unconditional". Realizing he had no other alternative, Col. Fry unswung his sword and handed it to Forrest, remarking sadly that it had been in his family for 40 years. General Forrest received the sword and handled it for an instant, then turned back to the colonel and said, "Take back your sword Colonel as it is a family relic; but I hope sir when next worn it will be in a better cause than that of attempting the subjugation of your countrymen." This type of charity by Forrest to his enemies was documented many times. In the course of the surrender ceremony, a fire broke out which was obviously set by the federals to prevent the Confederates from gaining the spoils of war. Forrest, along with Maj. Strange, pistols in hand, forced the federal prisoners to fight the fire or be shot. The general then turned to Col. Fry to inform him that the culprits would be punished in the "most summary manner".
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recounters, affluent in results, been crowded in the same brief time period. That command averaged over 20 miles (32 km) per day, fought three well-contested engagements with daily skirmishes, destroyed 50 large and small bridges on the Mobile and Ohio
Railroad and broke up so much trestle work of the road as to render the railroad useless until after the war. The Confederates had captured and burned 18 or 20 stockades, captured or killed 2,500 enemy soldiers, taken or disabled 10 pieces of field artillery, and captured 50 wagons and ambulances with their teams, 10,000 stands of small arms, and one million rounds of ammunition. Having returned thoroughly armed and equipped including blankets, never resting a full night, Forrest left on December 10 or 11 with woeful preparation of weapons and supplies and returned with each man fully armed and his unit carrying a surplus of 500 Enfield rifles, 1,800 blankets, knapsacks, and a seasoned fighting force.
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700:. Forrest galloped for 15 miles to catch his main command 11 miles from Clifton. Approximately eight miles from the river crossing, the advance party led by Col. Dibrell encountered 1,200 federals. He received the order to charge. The charge tore the federals asunder. Col. Starnes then cut left and Col. Biffle cut right, promptly scattering the federals with 20 killed and 50 captured. It was noon (meridian) when the river crossing was reached and it took eight hours to ply the river. Some 1,000 animals came back with Forrest's command, as well as 60 wagons, four ambulances, and a multitude of supplies.
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Forrest to halt and surrender. Forrest promptly replied that he had already done so some time since but would move up what remained of his command and "surrender" in form; with this he turned his horse to gallop away in the direction of his troops, notifying the inmates of his hospital that they could make their escape. Rejoining his command, he double-timed from left flank; as
Forrest was escaping, the federals came upon their injured comrades and resumed the battle. Maj. Cox with Napier's men was captured with about 250 men.
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434:. These were used by General Forrest until the close of the war. Starnes captured an additional fifty federals as well as numerous weapons as the fleeing federals left them upon the road. The federals did slow the Confederates down a little, but Union positions near Beech Creek were quickly overrun. Without further resistance, the Confederates continued toward the town of Jackson, arriving on the afternoon of December 18. Ingersoll himself seemed to enjoy his captivity until paroled three days later.
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PM and began cutting timbers to reinforce the bridge. It took one hour to double the bridge. To convince his men that the bridge was safe, Forrest led the way across it. The earth was frozen so the
Confederates had to fill the potholes with coffee and flour to allow passage. The men had to wade waist deep in mud, water and sleet but finally effected full passage by around 6 AM on December 29. The men were then given four hours to rest.
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and the charge against
Engelmann amounted to little more than a means of occupying Union attentions while two other mounted columns destroyed railroad track to the north and south of the town. By 8 PM on December 19, Forrest had reassembled his unit, now holding 500 prisoners, 25 "excellent" wagons, his artillery by a section and well-armed and fully munitioned troops. He quickly retreated from Jackson and moved to attack
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beleaguered federal force who surrendered by his demand. Collins captured 250 men and supplies. On
December 22, Forrest encamped and made haste to parole his new prisoners acquired since leaving Trenton. On December 23, some 300 men who were turned over to Col. Collins (approximately 1,400 men now) were sent to Columbus. Also on the 23rd, federal soldiers at an outpost near
547:). Forrest surrounded the stockade to prevent escape into the Obion Bottoms; after a few cannon shots the stockade surrendered with white flags fluttering from all directions. His men began to tear up all of the rails and burn all trestles in the vicinity. That night, Col. Starnes was ordered to destroy all rails along the 15-mile stretch of the Obion Bottoms.
543:, Forrest captured a garrison of 30 men and its supplies. He burned more bridges and rails and traveled another seven miles, where he overtook his Commissary Maj. G.V. Rambaut. There was considerable federal resistance, and a firefight broke out against 250 federals who retreated to their fortification at Kenton Station (present-day
347:. They were headed into West Tennessee, facing an area of well-entrenched enemies with ten times their strength in armaments. In writing to his superiors, Forrest made clear the ineffective condition of his arms as well as the fact that his men were supplied with only 10 rounds of caps for their shotguns while many of their
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Forrest then threw Col. Russell around the left flank and rear with the artillery set to enfilade the enemy. The Union line gave way with white flags flying. In the meantime a fresh federal force of two brigades came up from the
Confederate rear, in a sense trapping them. A federal officer called for
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By 11 AM, after hours of fighting, the
Confederates continued to push back the Union force with their heavy guns. The federals stated in their reports that the Confederates were well-positioned, as every advance by the federals was being slaughtered. Here Col. Thomas A. Napier charged a fence line of
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Forrest with his escort and the new green volunteers managed to captured
Trenton as the rest of his unit was scattered out in the region on other missions. Forrest had no more than 275 men but captured 400 federal soldiers, including Colonels Fry and Hawkins, several field officers, 300 negroes, 1000
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to lead two infantry regiments northeast of the town in anticipation of
Forrest's attack. Forrest ordered a cavalry charge against Engelmann's troops, who successfully repulsed the attack before retreating to Jackson again. In fact, Forrest did not intend to attack the town with the bulk of his army,
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to carry out the same mission. Dibrell captured the garrison of 100 men and their supplies by 2 AM, about 8 miles north of Jackson, and Maj. Forrest also captured his garrison of 75 men and supplies; Biffle captured 50 men and supplies. With all three leaders having destroyed enough railroad track to
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Upon his safe escape from Parker's Cross Roads, Forrest halted in Lexington, 12 miles from the battlefield, and allowed his animals to be fed, treated the wounded, and went in motion back toward the town of Clifton. Ten miles further into the journey back, he paroled his prisoners and his men rested
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to proceed to Clarksburg on the Huntington Road with the object of holding that approach in close observation. Capt. McLemore, with three companies (100 men), was given vaguely worded instructions other than reconnaissance near Clarksburg. When he heard the fighting he traversed through the woods to
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Maj. Cox was sent at double-time to seize the road from Paris to Huntington. In the ensuing time, Forrest made passage across the Obion near McLemoresville using an impassable bridge that the federals had abandoned. The locals in McLemoresville called this a "double bridge". Forrest reached it at 11
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500,000 (equivalent to $ 15,300,000 in 2023). Forrest paroled some 1,300 Union officers and enlisted men to return home, as the captured POWs were growing too numerous to manage. Some 800–900 remained prisoners and were marched under the command of Lt. Col. Nathan D. Collins to be turned over to
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Officially the federal troops in Jackson were no less than 10,000 and perhaps as much as 13,000. Local citizens stated the Union force numbered more than 15,000. The Battle of Jackson is the first documented time that Forrest used the ruse of spreading his command thinly over a wide area to make his
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In the ensuing battles, Forrest's Confederates were caught in the open and the federals were now firing from the ridge that the CSA had occupied hours before. Forrest made one of his mad-dash charges toward the federal lines, dispersing their gunners and creating confusion. This allowed his command
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On December 16, the expedition continued toward Lexington, making an additional 18 miles (29 km) before Forrest broke for camp to allow rest, dry clothing and prepare for the upcoming campaign. Upon inspection it was found that the greater part of the small supply of ammunition caps had become
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to begin an effective passage across the river; by December 15, his command had successfully forded the river. The artillery and wagon trains used this bridge but the horses, mules and men swam across the river in a cold pelting rain without tents or other shelter. On the 15th, the troops marched 8
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below Double Island on December 13. The precise route Forrest took is not known, but there was a Columbia–Clifton Thoroughfare in existence during the era with a length of approximately 69 miles (111 km). Forrest's men spent hours looking to cross the rain-swollen Tennessee River. On December
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At 5 AM on December 20, Col. Dibrell's regiment was sent to destroy a rail bridge at Spring Creek. Here he captured 100 more Yankees along with their arms and supplies. At the same time, Col. Starnes' regiment and a squadron from Biffle's regiment as well as Capt. William H. Forrest's independent
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Forrest's expedition into West Tennessee had started with orders received on December 10, 1862. His army crossed the river into West Tennessee on December 15. In the short interval between December 15, 1862 and January 1, 1863, seldom in the annals of war had more hard swift riding as many sharp
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In the battles of the day from 6 AM to 3 PM, Confederate losses were 25 officers, including Col. Napier, 75 wounded and 250 captured, as well as three artillery pieces, four caissons, five wagons, two ambulances and 75,000 rounds of ammo. Union losses were 50 killed, 100 captured, and three guns
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On December 30, Forrest's men moved speedily toward Red Mound or Parker's Cross Roads. About one-and-a-half miles from the crossroads, Forrest placed his men in line for battle. The federals appeared from the north-northeast and formed an opposing battle line. A battle ensued and the federals
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The next morning, scouts reported that a federal force of some 10,000 men was moving from Jackson at a rapid pace. Despite this, Forrest continued his mission to Union City, still some 20 miles further up the road. In the meantime, Lt. Col. Collins was en route to Columbus and happened upon a
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on his right. Forrest charged through town with his escort, during which two of his men were killed and three wounded, and then withdrew approximately 200 yards to what is now the Trenton Cemetery. Forrest fired his big guns toward the depot; after a brief skirmish, Capt. J.P. Strange, the
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wreak havoc upon the Mobile and Ohio for the foreseeable future, they returned to the Confederate camp by daybreak on December 19. The spoils of war to this point were distributed to the CSA troops, replacing the inferior supplies with which they had entered the field eight days earlier.
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By 10 AM, scouts reported that 10,000 Union soldiers were 12 miles distant in Huntington. The Confederates were on the move toward Lexington over nearly impassable terrain and encamped nine miles from that location. Another battle from Forrest's command occurred during this time in
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companies from his old regiment under the command of Captain Frank B. Gurley. As soon as the artillery crossed a bridge about six miles from Lexington, General Forrest pushed on to where the enemy was found forming a strong position on an elevated ridge. Positioning
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to regain their mounts. Col. Starnes came back into the fray with 250 men, which allowed Forrest to regroup with another 200 men; he came up 800 yards east of Parker's house and threw himself upon the rear of Dunham's brigade, recapturing his wagon train.
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horses and mules, 13 wagons and ambulances, 7 caissons, 20,000 artillery rounds, 400,000 small-arms rounds, 100,000 rations of subsistence, large amounts of cavalry equipment, quartermaster stores, and soldier baggage, collectively valued at more than
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in an attempt to slow Grant's advance. In meeting this objective the raid was largely successful, and Forrest returned with more men and supplies than he had started with. Ultimately, however, Grant's army was only marginally delayed, and
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retreated toward the crossroads. The federals reformed their battle lines with 1,800 men to Forrest's 1,200 men: Morton's battery in the center, Freeman's battery on the flanks, and General Forrest driving the entire line.
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The citizens of Jackson, supportive of the Confederate cause, reported Union reinforcements were on the way. Therefore, at 8 PM, Forrest detached Col. Dibrell and Maj. Jesse Forrest each with 100 men to move out toward
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Reaching the northernmost point of his mission, Forrest turned south to return some 12 miles south of Union City. A courier from Col. Starnes informed him they had destroyed the trestle works to the south of the
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to seize the nearest railroad stations, with orders to capture any approaching trains and to destroy any tracks of the Mobile and Ohio line. At the same time, Forrest sent Col. Biffle south to
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His troops quite fatigued, Forrest decided to camp, risking a battle the next day versus moving on. They rested until 4 AM the next morning before moving out on the final leg of the campaign.
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wet and unserviceable. However, Forrest had sent agents in behind the enemy lines, which paid off when a citizen returned to the Confederate encampment with 50,000 shotgun and pistol caps.
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counties. Forrest again left Col. Russell as his rear guard, who again captured federals with their supplies. Russell met up with Forrest in Trenton later that night.
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In the afternoon of December 19, Forrest left Col. Robert M. Russell as a rear guard with 2,000 men while he continued his advance toward the town. Union Brig. Gen.
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On December 26, Forrest's men destroyed the railroad bridge over the North Fork of the Obion, the Paducah Branch. Forrest then put his whole force in motion toward
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muskets lacked flints. The reply was a curtly couched order to march without delay. Forrest was irritated at being ordered to go into the area without "ferriage."
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to engage and remove this obstacle and immediately led the remainder of his command by a road at a gallop to cut off the enemy retreat. He gave the lead to four
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company, approximately 750 men in total, were dispatched to capture the town of Humboldt, which was completed by 10 PM. The Confederates captured four
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and Huntington to cut off the Confederates. On December 27, Forrest moved his command toward Huntington, encamping at McKenzie's Station on the
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force appear larger; he also commanded the drums of his unit to be beaten in such a manner as to mimic the sound of a heavy infantry force.
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federals to fall mortally wounded. Col. Napier in his martial ardor compelled him forward without proper reflection, costing him his life.
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The Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. N.B. Forrest, and of Forrest's Cavalry with Portraits, Maps & Illustrations
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Forrest's unit encountered a Federal force eight miles from Lexington on December 17. Forrest sent Colonel
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An explanation follows on how a wary and alert General Forrest could be caught "unaware" of General
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Early in the morning, the scouts came back with information that 10,000 federals were moving from
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fell to Union forces six months later. The West Tennessee raid consisted of three main actions at
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stated in his official report that the CSA had 8,000 men to his smaller force consisting of the
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join in the fray and therefore was not on the main road when Sullivan appeared from the rear.
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with his escort and the captured guns noted above. He had also added 160 new volunteers from
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Forrest reached Trenton at 10 PM on December 20, and began the attack forthwith with Maj.
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to Jacks Creek–Clifton, with the intention of cutting off the Confederate retreat to
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Capt. Gurley, with at most 200 men, captured 150 officers and men, including Colonel
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14, Forrest found a leaky flatboat hidden in the brush. He made this into a
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National Park Service battle description for Battle of Jackson, Tennessee
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On the morning of December 21, Forrest resumed his advance toward
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National Park Service battle description for Parker's Cross Roads
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Illinois Infantry regiments, as well as companies A and E of the
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here until daybreak. Forrest's intentions were to cross the
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while Dibrell stayed as rear guard. Seven miles north, near
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The Confederate objective was to dismantle segments of the
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Military operations of the American Civil War in Tennessee
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Forrest and his command, 1,800 men and four cannon, left
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on December 10 or 11, 1862, under orders from General
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724:. Bragg gave further orders to General Forrest.
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576:Memphis, Clarksville and Louisville Railroad
494:During this time Forrest was moving toward
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839:Western theater of the American Civil War
712:Forrest made camp on January 3, 1863, in
170:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1388:Forrest's Expedition into West Tennessee
256:Forrest's Expedition into West Tennessee
1383:Cavalry raids of the American Civil War
763:2nd Ed. Houghton-Mifflin, 1998, p. 149.
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291:, who was campaigning south along the
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411:' Tennessee Federals and leaving the
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743:Gen. Thomas Jordan and J.P. Pryor,
643:reported a total of 1,824 strong.
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761:The Civil War Battlefield Guide.
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928:Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
284:to disrupt the supply lines of
42:needs additional citations for
604:Battle of Parker's Cross Roads
598:Battle of Parker's Cross Roads
413:11th Illinois Cavalry Regiment
390:Battle of Lexington, Tennessee
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444:Battle of Jackson, Tennessee
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374:Henderson County, Tennessee
354:The expedition reached the
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368:miles (13 km) toward
531:Union City and turnaround
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923:New Madrid-Island No. 10
784:Jordan and Pryor, p. 195
304:Mobile and Ohio Railroad
258:was a raid conducted by
18:The West Tennessee Raids
142:Some of this article's
933:New Orleans Expedition
722:Shelbyville, Tennessee
637:18th Illinois Infantry
432:3-inch Ordnance rifles
266:Nathan Bedford Forrest
66:"West Tennessee Raids"
625:50th Indiana Infantry
592:Clarksburg, Tennessee
1408:December 1862 events
1168:Forrest's Expedition
1109:Siege of Port Hudson
963:West Tennessee Raids
759:Kennedy, Frances H.
670:Jeremiah C. Sullivan
467:Jeremiah C. Sullivan
405:George Gibbs Dibrell
329:Parker's Cross Roads
244:Parker's Cross Roads
215:Forrest's Expedition
51:improve this article
1413:January 1863 events
420:Robert G. Ingersoll
384:Battle of Lexington
341:Columbia, Tennessee
221:into West Tennessee
1183:Franklin–Nashville
1104:Siege of Vicksburg
621:39th Iowa Infantry
568:Dresden, Tennessee
525:Columbus, Kentucky
482:Capture of Trenton
312:Jackson, Tennessee
308:Columbus, Kentucky
274:American Civil War
1398:1863 in Tennessee
1393:1862 in Tennessee
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335:Expedition begins
293:Mississippi River
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523:the federals in
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409:Isaac R. Hawkins
396:James W. Starnes
289:Ulysses S. Grant
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945:
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935:
930:
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920:
914:
912:
905:
899:
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895:
894:
892:
891:
889:Wilson's Creek
885:
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876:
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849:
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837:
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834:
827:
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793:
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787:
786:
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749:
732:
731:
729:
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714:Mount Pleasant
705:
702:
662:hors de combat
602:Main article:
599:
596:
572:McLemoresville
532:
529:
483:
480:
478:and Humboldt.
442:Main article:
439:
436:
424:Lucien H. Kerr
388:Main article:
385:
382:
336:
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282:West Tennessee
250:
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144:listed sources
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125:
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39:
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30:
24:
14:
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10:
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1273:Major battles
1271:
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1236:
1233:
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1228:
1226:
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1213:
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1208:
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1203:Major battles
1201:
1194:
1191:
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1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:Champion Hill
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:Major battles
1090:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Morgan's Raid
1066:
1064:
1061:
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1054:
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1050:
1048:
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1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:Prairie Grove
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
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995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Island No. 10
982:
980:
979:Fort Donelson
977:
976:
974:
972:Major battles
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:Prairie Grove
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
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931:
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921:
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828:
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791:
781:
779:
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769:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
746:
740:
738:
734:
727:
725:
723:
719:
718:Braxton Bragg
715:
710:
703:
701:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
678:
675:
674:4th Tennessee
671:
666:
664:
663:
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397:
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366:
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345:Braxton Bragg
342:
334:
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313:
309:
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294:
290:
287:
286:Major General
283:
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174:
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160:December 2023
151:
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110:
107:November 2014
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1188:Price's Raid
1024:Stones River
962:
958:Stones River
943:Iuka-Corinth
768:
760:
744:
711:
707:
691:
679:
667:
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614:
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417:
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378:
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301:
255:
254:
219:
213:
166:
157:
146:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1353:Mississippi
1323:Mississippi
1280:Bentonville
1114:Chickamauga
1083:Chattanooga
1073:Chickamauga
1063:Little Rock
999:New Orleans
561:Obion River
260:Confederate
147:may not be
1377:Categories
1313:Cumberland
1220:Mobile Bay
1009:Perryville
918:New Mexico
868:Missouri:
728:References
687:Perryville
627:, and the
537:Union City
422:and Major
77:newspapers
1358:Tennessee
1333:Tennessee
1264:Carolinas
1257:Campaigns
1235:Nashville
1158:Red River
1146:Campaigns
1078:Knoxville
1058:Tullahoma
1053:Vicksburg
1046:Campaigns
989:Pea Ridge
938:Pea Ridge
911:Campaigns
856:Campaigns
370:Lexington
349:flintlock
321:Lexington
317:Vicksburg
297:Vicksburg
270:Tennessee
234:Lexington
1230:Franklin
1225:Westport
1193:Savannah
1153:Meridian
948:Kentucky
489:caissons
451:Humboldt
306:between
149:reliable
1318:Georgia
1215:Atlanta
1173:Atlanta
881:battles
704:Summary
500:Hickman
496:Trenton
476:Trenton
455:Bolivar
400:Alabama
365:pontoon
360:Clifton
325:Jackson
295:toward
239:Jackson
91:scholar
1293:Armies
1178:Tupelo
994:Shiloh
879:Major
280:-held
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
694:Purdy
633:100th
615:Col.
504:Perry
278:Union
98:JSTOR
84:books
1328:Ohio
1249:1865
1138:1864
1038:1863
903:1862
870:1861
847:1861
631:and
629:22nd
502:and
327:and
310:and
70:news
685:at
372:in
358:at
268:in
53:by
1379::
777:^
752:^
736:^
623:,
527:.
520:$
376:.
331:.
323:,
299:.
831:e
824:t
817:v
205:e
198:t
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173:)
167:(
162:)
158:(
152:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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