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her performances and lessons, her responsibility was to teach her siblings. This task kept her from her own goal of entering a convent, as she had become strongly religious. Although her father refused to grant this wish, he agreed to let her live from that time on in an almost conventual semi-retirement, avoiding all interactions with society and devoting herself entirely to the study of mathematics. After having read in 1739 the
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Her father remarried twice after Maria's mother died, and Maria Agnesi ended up the eldest of 21 children, including her half-siblings. Her father agreed with her that if she were to continue her mathematics research, then she would be permitted to do all the charity work she wanted. In addition to
383:
Agnesi suffered a mysterious illness at the age of twelve that was attributed to her excessive studying and reading, so she was prescribed vigorous dancing and horseback riding. This treatment did not work; she began to experience extreme convulsions, after which she was encouraged to pursue
336:
family in 1717. Her mother's death provided her the excuse to retire from public life. She took over the management of the household. She was one of 21 children. Her family was recognized as one of the wealthiest in Milan.
670:
and devoted herself to the poor, homeless, and sick, giving away the gifts she had received and begging for money to continue her work with the poor. In 1783, she founded and became the director of the
661:
being the first. In 1751, she became ill again and was told not to study by her doctors. After the death of her father in 1752 she carried out a long-cherished purpose by giving herself to the study of
675:, a home for Milan's elderly, where she lived as the nuns of the institution did. On 9 January 1799, Maria Agnesi died poor and was buried in a mass grave for the poor with fifteen other bodies.
1611:
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328:, to a wealthy and literate family. Her father Pietro Agnesi, a wealthy silk merchant, wanted to elevate his family into the Milanese nobility. In order to achieve his goal, he married
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According to
Britannica, she is "considered to be the first woman in the Western world to have achieved a reputation in mathematics". The most valuable result of her labours was the
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1437:
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467:, (Analytical Institutions for the Use of Italian Youth) which was published in Milan in 1748 and "was regarded as the best introduction extant to the works of
302:(The Mystic Heaven). She saw the rational contemplation of God as a complement to prayer and contemplation of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
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1709:
1403:
859:
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1236:(1974). "Studies in the history of probability and statistics. XXXIII. Cauchy and the witch of Agnesi: an historical note on the Cauchy distribution".
965:
340:
1475:
1607:
542:, who thanked Agnesi with the gift of a diamond ring, a personal letter, and a diamond and crystal case. Many others praised her work, including
1104:
Traité analytique des sections coniques et de leur usage pour la résolution des équations... ouvrage posthume de M. le marquis de L'Hospital,...
1569:
A biography of Maria
Gaetana Agnesi, an eighteenth-century woman mathematician: with translations of some of her work from Italian into English
841:
396:, before whom she read and maintained a series of theses on the most abstruse philosophical questions. Records of these meetings are given in
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carried forward the former meaning either as a translation error or possibly as a pun. The curve has become known as the "Witch of Agnesi".
451:
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1567:
702:
1523:
471:". The goal of this work was, according to Agnesi herself, to give a systematic illustration of the different results and theorems of
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In writing this work, Agnesi was advised and helped by two distinguished mathematicians: her former teacher Ramiro
Rampinelli and
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1515:
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1957:
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408:, which her father had published in 1738 as an account of her final performance, where she defended 190 philosophical theses.
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and wrote extensively on the marriage between intellectual pursuit and mystical contemplation, most notably in her essay
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monk who was one of the most notable
Italian mathematicians of that time. During that time, Maria studied with him both
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Women in science: antiquity through the nineteenth century : a biographical dictionary with annotated bibliography
633:
417:
17:
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Calculations of faith: mathematics, philosophy, and sanctity in 18th-century Italy (new work on Maria
Gaetana Agnesi)
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392:. When she was fifteen, her father began to regularly gather in his house a circle of the most learned men in
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1990:
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657:, though she never served. She was the second woman ever to be granted a professorship at a university,
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She is included in a deck of playing cards featuring notable women mathematicians published by the
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which, though highly praised by those who saw it in manuscript, was never published.
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860:"Maria Gaetana Agnesi: Mathematics and the making of the Catholic enlightenment"
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L'Hospital, Guillaume-François-Antoine de (1661–1704) Auteur du texte (1776).
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1496:(Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1986), pp. 178–180.
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at five years of age. By her eleventh birthday, she had also learned
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1488:
EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, NEWSLETTER No. 31, March 1999, S. 18
880:
1527:. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 75–77.
695:
621:
610:" (Adversary of God). Future translations and publications of the
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566:
511:
450:
377:
339:
325:
260:. She was the first woman to write a mathematics handbook and the
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2005:
1620:
579:, Agnesi discussed a curve earlier studied and constructed by
213:
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In 1750, on the illness of her father, she was appointed by
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was used as a term for a "she-devil" or "witch", from Latin
267:
She is credited with writing the first book discussing both
1612:
Center for the
History of Women Philosophers and Scientists
1457:"Maria Gaetana Agnesi", Biographies of Women Mathematicians
1061:(3rd print ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p.
184:
178:
1407:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
925:
923:
282:
She devoted the last four decades of her life to studying
1603:
Google doodle commemorating Maria Agnesi's 296th birthday
175:
166:
770:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1543:
The World of Maria
Gaetana Agnesi, Mathematician of God
1271:
1269:
598:
meaning "turning in every direction". At the same time
18:
The World of Maria
Gaetana Agnesi, Mathematician of God
465:
Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana
108:
Instituzioni
Analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana
1088:
Headstrong 52 Women Who Changed Science-and the World
420:, she was fully introduced into the field in 1740 by
380:, and was referred to as the "Seven-Tongued Orator".
228:
216:
193:
181:
169:
112:
Analytical Institutions for the use of Italian youth
27:
Italian mathematician and philanthropist (1718–1799)
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1971:
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102:
94:
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50:
34:
1054:
1610:: bibliographical and biographical references. -
1521:Kramer, Edna E. (1970). "Agnesi, Maria Gaetana".
1342:, by Peter John Cattermole, Patrick Moore, 1997,
594:in Italian, which is a synonym for the adjective
477:Le calcul différentiel et intégral dans l’Analyse
972:. Princeton University Press. pp. 108–111.
262:first woman appointed as a mathematics professor
3053:18th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
1550:The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science
518:, an English translation of the whole work by
483:. In this treatise, she worked on integrating
384:moderation. By age fourteen, she was studying
1632:
571:Graphical construction of the Witch of Agnesi
502:A French translation of the second volume by
8:
1545:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
929:
3073:Academic staff of the University of Bologna
1116:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
632:Traité analytique des sections coniques du
344:Agnesi's diploma from Università di Bologna
1639:
1625:
1617:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
534:, was published in 1801 at the expense of
491:. The first volume treats the analysis of
42:
31:
888:
238:[maˈriːaɡaeˈtaːnaaɲˈɲeːzi,-ɲɛːz-]
1275:
1090:. New York: Broadway Books. p. 179.
241:; 16 May 1718 – 9 January 1799) was an
1494:A source book in mathematics, 1200–1800
1476:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
731:
414:Traité analytique des sections coniques
294:and serving the poor. She was a devout
275:and was a member of the faculty at the
2640:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
1548:Oglivie, Marilyn, Harvey, Joy (2000).
1109:
630:Agnesi also wrote a commentary on the
3048:18th-century Italian women scientists
1287:Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911, p. 378
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1018:Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia
626:Bust of Maria Gaetana Agnesi in Milan
236:
7:
1424:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1364:"Mathematicians of EvenQuads Deck 1"
1300:. Sterling Publishing, 2009, p. 180.
1144:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
538:. The work was dedicated to Empress
3038:18th-century Italian mathematicians
1436:Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "
1146:(in Italian). Enciclopedia Italiana
858:Mazzotti, Massimo (December 2001).
848:from the original), About Education
703:Association of Women in Mathematics
348:Maria was recognized early on as a
1524:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1188:"The Names of the Curve of Agnesi"
495:and the second of the analysis of
25:
3098:18th-century women mathematicians
3043:18th-century Italian philosophers
1442:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography
1192:The American Mathematical Monthly
524:Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
475:. The model for her treatise was
324:Maria Gaetana Agnesi was born in
3000:
1418:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1020:. Salem Press – via Ebsco.
822:Dizionario di pronuncia italiana
649:to the chair of mathematics and
209:
162:
1958:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1671:History of the Catholic Church
1516:CSULA Instructional Web Server
1412:A'Becket, John Joseph (1913).
966:"Maria Agnesi and Her "Witch""
798:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
590:Agnesi described the curve as
510:(1730–1814), was published in
1:
2320:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
1717:History of Christian theology
1398:"Agnesi, Maria Gaetana"
1167:(four volumes), London, 1801
773:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
306:Maria Teresa Agnesi Pinottini
279:, although she never served.
3088:Italian women mathematicians
1648:History of Catholic theology
1415:"Maria Gaetana Agnesi"
440:Contributions to mathematics
687:, was named after Agnesi.
406:Propositiones Philosophicae
3114:
3093:Italian women philosophers
2746:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
2736:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
2021:Transubstantiation dispute
1598:Podcast about this scholar
1541:Mazzotti, Massimo (2007).
1165:Analytical institutions...
842:WOMEN'S HISTORY CATEGORIES
819:Canepari, L. (1999, 2009)
560:
2995:
1654:
1016:Spradley, Joseph (2016).
698:named Agnesi after her.
145:
118:
41:
2660:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
1853:Athanasius of Alexandria
1745:First Epistle of Clement
1481:University of St Andrews
1186:Mulcrone, T. F. (1957).
1005:10.1016/j.hm.2010.05.003
666:, and especially of the
3083:Italian women linguists
2771:Dietrich von Hildebrand
2635:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
2509:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
2489:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
2031:Paulinus II of Aquileia
2026:Predestination disputes
1552:. New York: Routledge.
1404:Encyclopædia Britannica
1252:10.1093/biomet/61.2.375
1140:"Agnesi, Maria Gaetana"
1047:Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey
751:Oxford University Press
740:"Agnesi, Maria Gaetana"
612:Instituzioni analitiche
577:Instituzioni analitiche
516:Analytical Institutions
457:Instituzioni analitiche
446:Instituzioni analitiche
352:; she could speak both
3007:Catholicism portal
2856:Hans Urs von Balthasar
2655:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
2595:Félicité de La Mennais
2274:The Cloud of Unknowing
1775:The Shepherd of Hermas
1572:. Lewiston, New York:
1492:D. J. Struik, editor,
1471:"Maria Gaetana Agnesi"
1086:Swaby, Rachel (2015).
970:Trigonometric Delights
943:"Maria Gaetana Agnesi"
832:. Bologna, Zanichelli.
715:Elena Cornaro Piscopia
683:In 1996, an asteroid,
627:
572:
473:infinitesimal calculus
460:
418:Guillaume de l'Hôpital
345:
3068:Catholic philosophers
3063:Scientists from Milan
2781:Marie-Dominique Chenu
2700:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
2685:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
2569:Clement Mary Hofbauer
2564:Johann Michael Sailer
1991:Maximus the Confessor
1683:History of the papacy
1438:Agnesi, Maria Gaetana
1421:Catholic Encyclopedia
747:UK English Dictionary
625:
570:
485:mathematical analysis
454:
343:
330:Anna Fortunato Brivio
277:University of Bologna
140:University of Bologna
3058:Linguists from Italy
2957:Raniero Cantalamessa
2927:Alice von Hildebrand
2876:Edward Schillebeeckx
2554:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
2439:Lawrence of Brindisi
2369:Francisco de Vitoria
2159:Beatrice of Nazareth
2134:Hugh of Saint Victor
2114:Bernard of Clairvaux
2094:Anselm of Canterbury
2056:John Scotus Eriugena
2051:Paschasius Radbertus
1898:Gregory of Nazianzus
1792:Epistle to Diognetus
1608:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
1564:Cupillari, Antonella
1468:Robertson, Edmund F.
1296:Pickover, Clifford.
999:38 (2011), 248-291.
997:Historia Mathematica
916:on 24 December 2014.
634:marquis de l'Hôpital
506:, with additions by
481:Charles René Reyneau
402:Lettres sur l'Italie
152:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
36:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
2932:Carlo Maria Martini
2896:Johann Baptist Metz
2866:Frederick Copleston
2690:Friedrich von Hügel
2650:Joseph Hergenröther
2630:Gaetano Sanseverino
2610:Ignaz von Döllinger
2534:Nicolas Malebranche
2374:Thomas of Villanova
2335:Counter-Reformation
2315:Girolamo Savonarola
2129:Hildegard of Bingen
1938:Cyril of Alexandria
1781:Aristides of Athens
1768:Epistle of Barnabas
1757:Ignatius of Antioch
1695:Ecumenical councils
1466:O'Connor, John J.;
1461:Agnes Scott College
1234:Stigler, Stephen M.
827:15 May 2013 at the
673:Opera Pia Trivulzio
2947:Alasdair MacIntyre
2826:Nouvelle théologie
2715:Thérèse of Lisieux
2559:Alfonso Muzzarelli
2499:Jean-Jacques Olier
2469:Tommaso Campanella
2384:Francisco de Osuna
2379:Ignatius of Loyola
2248:Catherine of Siena
2144:Robert Grosseteste
2041:Benedict of Aniane
1981:Isidore of Seville
1923:Augustine of Hippo
1888:Cyril of Jerusalem
1883:Hilary of Poitiers
1574:Edwin Mellen Press
964:Maor, Eli (2013).
651:natural philosophy
628:
573:
461:
398:Charles de Brosses
346:
334:Brivius de Brokles
316:, was her sister.
88:Cisalpine Republic
3015:
3014:
2942:Gustavo Gutiérrez
2937:Pope Benedict XVI
2922:Pope John Paul II
2821:Josemaría Escrivá
2811:Henri Daniel-Rops
2695:Vladimir Solovyov
2675:Neo-scholasticism
2615:John Henry Newman
2549:Louis de Montfort
2544:Alphonsus Liguori
2539:Giambattista Vico
2474:Pierre de Bérulle
2460:French Revolution
2429:Robert Bellarmine
2409:John of the Cross
2295:Julian of Norwich
2253:Bridget of Sweden
2243:John of Ruusbroec
2233:William of Ockham
2149:Francis of Assisi
2139:Dominic de Guzmán
2109:Decretum Gratiani
2084:Berengar of Tours
1973:Early Middle Ages
1943:Peter Chrysologus
1893:Basil of Caesarea
1878:Ephrem the Syrian
1818:Antipope Novatian
1583:978-0-7734-5226-8
1534:978-0-684-10114-9
1321:on 9 January 2018
1315:www.math.twsu.edu
1072:978-0-262-15031-6
801:. Merriam-Webster
793:"witch of Agnesi"
647:Pope Benedict XIV
544:Pope Benedict XIV
530:, "inspected" by
522:(1680–1760), the
493:finite quantities
422:Ramiro Rampinelli
273:integral calculus
264:at a university.
149:
148:
120:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
3105:
3005:
3004:
2846:Emmanuel Mounier
2841:Bernard Lonergan
2766:Georges Bernanos
2751:Jacques Maritain
2731:G. K. Chesterton
2620:Henri Lacordaire
2519:Cornelius Jansen
2514:François Fénelon
2444:Francis de Sales
2434:Francisco Suárez
2305:Nicholas of Cusa
2189:Siger of Brabant
2174:Boetius of Dacia
2154:Anthony of Padua
2099:Joachim of Fiore
2079:Gregory of Narek
2066:High Middle Ages
2011:John of Damascus
1903:Gregory of Nyssa
1641:
1634:
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1618:
1587:
1538:
1484:
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1408:
1400:
1379:
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1354:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1317:. Archived from
1307:
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1263:
1230:
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1223:
1183:
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1153:
1151:
1138:Gliozzi, Mario.
1135:
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1098:
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1091:
1083:
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1043:
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1021:
1013:
1007:
992:Findlen, Paula,
990:
984:
983:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
945:. Agnesscott.edu
939:
933:
927:
918:
917:
915:
909:. Archived from
892:
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855:
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778:
761:
755:
754:
736:
720:Cristina Roccati
606:, an alias for "
581:Pierre de Fermat
300:Il cielo mistico
240:
235:
226:
225:
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3106:
3104:
3103:
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3018:
3017:
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3011:
2999:
2991:
2972:Jean-Luc Marion
2910:
2861:Marcel Lefebvre
2786:Romano Guardini
2741:Joseph Maréchal
2719:
2710:Maurice Blondel
2605:Antonio Rosmini
2600:Luigi Taparelli
2578:
2504:Louis Thomassin
2479:Pierre Gassendi
2462:
2458:
2448:
2399:Teresa of Ávila
2337:
2333:
2324:
2310:Marsilio Ficino
2300:Thomas à Kempis
2290:Devotio Moderna
2263:Johannes Tauler
2258:Meister Eckhart
2228:Dante Alighieri
2203:
2169:Albertus Magnus
2060:
1967:
1913:John Chrysostom
1841:
1837:
1827:
1740:Clement of Rome
1721:
1659:
1650:
1645:
1594:
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1562:
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1465:
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1432:
1430:Further reading
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1204:10.2307/2309605
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829:Wayback Machine
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790:
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763:
762:
758:
738:
737:
733:
728:
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681:
653:and physics at
643:
620:
565:
563:Witch of Agnesi
559:
557:Witch of Agnesi
504:P. T. d'Antelmy
449:
442:
416:of the Marquis
322:
292:charitable work
233:
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203:
202:
195:
165:
156:
155:
90:
84:
80:
71:
62:
56:
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37:
28:
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22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3111:
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3078:Women founders
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2801:Henri de Lubac
2798:
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2778:
2776:Gabriel Marcel
2773:
2768:
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2756:Étienne Gilson
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2705:George Tyrrell
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2665:Émile Boutroux
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2645:Giuseppe Pecci
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2494:António Vieira
2491:
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2484:René Descartes
2481:
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2463:
2455:Baroque period
2453:
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2419:Luis de Molina
2416:
2414:Peter Canisius
2411:
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2394:Francis Xavier
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2280:Heinrich Seuse
2277:
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2184:Thomas Aquinas
2181:
2179:Henry of Ghent
2176:
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2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:Anselm of Laon
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2046:Rabanus Maurus
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1963:Pope Gregory I
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1710:Biblical canon
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1700:Catholic Bible
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1395:, ed. (1911).
1393:Chisholm, Hugh
1388:
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1340:Atlas of Venus
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1198:(5): 359–361.
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508:Charles Bossut
497:infinitesimals
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2529:Blaise Pascal
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1986:John Climacus
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1786:Justin Martyr
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1688:Papal primacy
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1345:
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1298:The Math Book
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1276:Chisholm 1911
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1213:
1209:
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1189:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:, p. PR3, at
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1145:
1141:
1134:
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1130:
1128:
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979:9780691158204
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944:
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931:
930:A'Becket 1913
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541:
540:Maria Theresa
537:
536:Baron Maseres
533:
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514:in 1775; and
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2967:Peter Kreeft
2915:21st century
2906:Henri Nouwen
2816:Jean Guitton
2796:Fulton Sheen
2724:20th century
2625:Jaime Balmes
2583:19th century
2553:
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2285:Geert Groote
2272:
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1928:John Cassian
1868:Nestorianism
1790:
1773:
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1727:Early Church
1568:
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1368:awm-math.org
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1319:the original
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629:
611:
603:
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576:
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515:
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430:differential
413:
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266:
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151:
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3033:1799 deaths
3028:1718 births
2977:Tomáš Halík
2901:Jean Vanier
2886:René Girard
2871:Alfred Delp
2836:Yves Congar
2831:Karl Rahner
2806:Dorothy Day
2791:Edith Stein
2761:Ronald Knox
2359:John Fisher
2354:Thomas More
2331:Reformation
2223:Duns Scotus
2218:Ramon Llull
2211:and reforms
2199:Roger Bacon
2164:Bonaventure
2074:Roscellinus
1863:Pelagianism
1834:Constantine
1657:Key figures
1386:Attribution
1246:: 375–380.
1051:Harvey, Joy
890:10036/28899
690:There is a
679:Recognition
659:Laura Bassi
604:Adversarius
520:John Colson
404:and in the
250:philosopher
130:Mathematics
95:Nationality
61:16 May 1718
3022:Categories
2987:Scott Hahn
2364:Johann Eck
2016:Iconoclasm
1948:Pope Leo I
1808:Tertullian
1450:Q115389749
1239:Biometrika
726:References
641:Later life
436:calculus.
386:ballistics
320:Early life
288:patristics
254:theologian
110:(English:
106:Author of
57:1718-05-16
2891:Hans Küng
2680:Léon Bloy
2670:Modernism
2523:Jansenism
2209:Mysticism
1803:Montanism
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1858:Arianism
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1798:Irenaeus
1762:Polycarp
1676:Timeline
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390:geometry
314:composer
296:Catholic
284:theology
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2344:Erasmus
2194:Thomism
1933:Orosius
1908:Ambrose
1823:Cyprian
1751:Didache
1705:Vulgate
1664:General
1373:18 June
1260:0370838
1220:2309605
899:3080337
668:Fathers
655:Bologna
489:algebra
394:Bologna
370:Spanish
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2036:Alcuin
1918:Jerome
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2006:Bede
1735:Paul
1578:ISBN
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