45:
226:
156:
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169:
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143:
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289:
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193:
936:(PAP) initially sought merger with Malaysia on the basis of the strong mandate it obtained during the general elections of 1959 when it won 43 of the 51 seats. However, this mandate became questionable when dissension within the Party led to a split. In July 1961, following a debate on a vote of confidence in the government, 13 PAP Assemblymen were expelled from the PAP for abstaining. They went on to form a new political party, the
1299:
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181:
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353:
322:
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to restore the status of Sabah and
Sarawak according to the original content of Malaysia Agreement failed to pass a two-thirds majority, the federal government compromised to review the agreement to remedy breaches of the treaty with a "Special Cabinet Committee To Review the Malaysia Agreement". The
994:
that the proposed changes required the consent of each of the constituent states of the
Federation of Malaya – including Kelantan – and this had not been obtained. This suit was dismissed by James Thomson, then Chief Justice, who ruled that the constitution had not been violated during the discussion
901:
The issue of self-determination with respect to the peoples of North Borneo, Sarawak, and
Singapore formed the bedrock of yet another challenge to the formation of the Federation of Malaysia. Under the Joint Statement issued by the British and Malayan Federal Governments on 23 November 1961, clause 4
1088:
The first meeting about these issues was held on 17 December 2018. Despite the willingness of the federal government to review the agreement, reports surfaced that negotiations between Sabah and the federal government had not been smooth, with the latter dictating some matters of the review, causing
989:
sought a declaration claiming that the
Malaysia Agreement and Malaysia Act were null and void, or alternatively, that even if they were valid, they did not bind the State of Kelantan. The Kelantan Government argued that both the Malaysia Agreement and the Malaysia Act were not binding on Kelantan on
908:
In the spirit of ensuring that decolonisation was carried in accordance with the wishes of the peoples of North Borneo, the
British Government, working with the Malayan Government, appointed a Commission of Enquiry for North Borneo and Sarawak in January 1962 to determine if the people supported the
885:, also known as the "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples" or simply "Declaration on Decolonisation". It stated that all people have a right to self-determination and proclaimed that colonialism should be brought to a speedy and unconditional end.
943:
Given this situation, it would have been impossible to rely on the mandate achieved in 1959 to move forth with merger. A new mandate was necessary, especially since BS argued that the terms of merger offered were detrimental to
Singaporeans – such as having reduced seats in the
1096:, Article 160 (2) of the federal constitution was amended with the new definition of the term "federation" where the Malaysian federation is formed in accordance to the 1963 Malaysian agreement in addition to 1957 Malaya agreement. In February 2022, the name of the
888:
Under the
Malaysia Agreement signed between the United Kingdom and Malaya, Britain would enact an act to relinquish sovereign control over Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo (now Sabah). This was accomplished through the enactment of the
1003:
Over the decades after the agreement, many academics and politicians have argued that the promises made to
Sarawak and North Borneo (Sabah) have been eroded over time by the federal government. After the historic initial defeat of the
874:
1115:
tried to strike out the suit on reasons that the High Court had no jurisdiction to enforce or nullify an international treaty like MA63. In May 2023, The high court in
Kuching dismissed the suit because the Federal
1898:
940:(BS), the PAP's majority in the Legislative Assembly was whittled down as they now only commanded 30 of the 51 seats. More defections occurred until the PAP had a majority of just one seat in the Assembly.
904:
Before coming to any final decision it is necessary to ascertain the views of the peoples. It has accordingly been decided to set up a
Commission to carry out this task and to make recommendations ........
948:
compared to its population, only being able to vote in Singapore elections, and the obligation that Singapore contribute 40% of its revenue to the federal government. To allay these concerns, a number of
880:
The committee is also a successor to the former Committee on Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories. Hoping to speed the progress of decolonisation, the General Assembly had adopted in 1960 the
1159: Fifth Schedule—Additions for Borneo States to Tenth Schedule (Grants and assigned revenues) to Constitution
1946:
1973:
3503:
861:, reflected in the United Nations General Assembly's proclamation on 14 December 1960 of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples hereinafter, the
738:. Signed in London, United Kingdom, the agreement has been in effect since 16 September 1963; Singapore was subsequently expelled from Malaysia not long after this agreement, becoming a
893:, clause 1(1) of which states that on Malaysia Day, "Her Majesty's sovereignty and jurisdiction in respect of the new states shall be relinquished so as to vest in the manner agreed".
2247:
1024:
636:
1738:
3110:
2133:
2174:
2109:"Federal-East Malaysia Relations: Primus-Inter-Pares?, in Andrew Harding and James Chin (eds) 50 Years of Malaysia: Federalism Revisited (Singapore: Marshall Cavendish)"
1902:
1875:
1424:
2774:
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into the High Court of Sarawak to declare the Malaysia agreement null and void because the people of Sarawak did not unconditionally exercise self-determination nor
1154: Fourth Schedule—Special Legislative Lists for Borneo States and Singapore
1149: Third Schedule—Citizenship (amendment of Second Schedule to Constitution)
689:
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1322:
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44:
2000:
1164: Sixth Schedule—Minor and consequential amendments of Constitutions
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1712:
1352:
1144: Second Schedule—Section added to Eighth Schedule to Constitution
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1950:
991:
853:
Throughout the 20th century, decolonisation became the societal goal of the peoples under colonial regimes aspiring to achieve self-determination. The
1977:
882:
2671:
708:
Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore
326:
Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore
38:
Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore
2799:
3961:
3589:
3518:
3044:
2883:
2225:
1367:
1332:
1204: Third Schedule—Oath as Member of the Legislative Assembly
600:
1139: First Schedule—Insertion of new Articles in Constitution
4210:
3795:
3263:
407:
293:
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1924:
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proposal to create a Federation of Malaysia. The five-man team, which comprised two Malayans and three British representatives, was headed by
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1199: Second Schedule—Oath of Allegiance and Loyalty
1194: First Schedule—Forms of Oaths and Affirmations
4230:
4137:
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682:
455:
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1234: Annex to Annex J—Singapore customs ordinance
1184: The Schedule—Forms of Oaths and Affirmations
1174: The Schedule—Forms of Oaths and Affirmations
3196:
3115:
2908:
2511:
2097:
1020:(PH) government promised to look into Sarawak and Sabah's grievances in relation to the Malaysia Agreement which had been neglected.
985:
On 11 September 1963, just four days before the new Federation of Malaysia was to come into existence, the Government of the State of
910:
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1620:
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842:. It came through a series of agreements between the United Kingdom and the Malayan Union. The Malayan Union was superseded by the
3926:
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1689:
Admission of New States: The Government of the State of Kelantan v. The Government of Malaya and Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj
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the perception that the review was a one-sided affair with the government appearing reluctant to relinquish control of affairs.
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was held before the formation of Malaysia. Therefore, Sarawak would not bind to the Malaysia agreement. In April 2022, the
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1229:
Annex J: Agreement between the Governments of the Federation of Malaya and Singapore on common and financial arrangements
435:
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is the supreme law of the country and for Sarawak to leave the federation, the Federal Constitution needs to be amended.
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2521:
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2004:
1795:"'Passing of MA63 Bill shows importance in restoring Sarawak and Sabah's status in federation' | New Straits Times"
1637:
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wished to be recognised as the senior ruler in the entire federation and what had happened during the
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the following grounds that the Malaysia Act in effect abolished Malaya and this was contrary to the
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was changed from "Chief Minister" to "Premier". In 2024, it was proposed that Sabah does the same.
819:
775:
727:
185:
953:
were included in the Agreement. Singapore was ultimately expelled from Malaysia on 9 August 1965.
4153:
4058:
4048:
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378:
2048:
2134:
The 1963 Malaysia Agreement (MA63): Sabah And Sarawak and the Politics of Historical Grievances
2043:
1740:
The 1963 Malaysia Agreement (MA63): Sabah and Sarawak and the Politics of Historical Grievances
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1304:
1276:
1056:
1017:
799:
739:
665:
2139:
2038:
17:
2089:
A Collection of Treaties and Other Documents Affecting the States of Malaysia: 1761–1963
1479:
1462:
3120:
2725:
2720:
2470:
2455:
1590:
1516:
1398:
1386:
1037:
755:
715:
308:
198:
2068:
United Nations General Assembly 18th Session – the Question of Malaysia (pages:41–44)
1876:"In Sabah, doubts linger as Putrajaya's MA63 review accused of being one-sided affair"
1585:
Cobbold was Governor of the Bank of England from 1949 to 1961. The other members were
1298:
965:
sent a delegation to the signing of the Malaysia Agreement, they did not sign, as the
4179:
3357:
3286:
2841:
2739:
2715:
2465:
2339:
2187:
1698:
1597:, former Governor or Sarawak, and David Watherston, former Chief Secretary of Malaya.
1594:
1347:
970:
787:
492:
464:
445:
369:
4063:
3383:
2564:
2312:
1586:
839:
771:
759:
751:
1531:: Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. 21 February 1956
1214:
Annex G: North Borneo (Compensation and Retiring benefits) Order in Council, 1963
2087:
1664:
1496:: The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1478:: The UK Statute Law Database: the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1043:
831:
1239:
Annex K: Arrangements with respect to broadcasting and television in Singapore
352:
2420:
1690:
1252:
1108:
1063:
1033:
501:
329:
1899:"Dewan Rakyat finally passes key constitutional amendments to recognise MA63"
875:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
3921:
3473:
1612:
1489:
1487:
1219:
Annex H: Form of public officers agreements in respect of Sabah and Sarawak
2152:
1820:"MA63: Seven issues resolved, 14 need further discussion, says PM's Office"
873:
of the United Nations with the purpose of monitoring implementation of the
27:
Treaty combining Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore into Malaysia
3362:
2680:
1548:
the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonisation – Official Website
1081:
986:
811:
735:
4106:
2317:
2029:
1074:
1070:
827:
3442:
2544:
2460:
962:
823:
2649:
2121:
2108:
1974:"High Court postpones decision on striking out suit to nullify MA63"
1224:
Annex I: Form of public officers agreements in respect of Singapore
3504:
Founding of modern Singapore and early colonial period (1819–1826)
2620:
815:
807:
795:
1697:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1773:"MA63 To Restore, Safeguard Eroded Rights | New Sarawak Tribune"
1563:
History of U.N. Decolonisation Committee – Official U.N. Website
1104:
3446:
2653:
2156:
2143:
1947:"Group of 11 Sarawakians file writ to declare MA63 null, void"
1666:
Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963–2013
2049:
Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories
1713:"When Kelantan (and PMIP) sued to stop formation of Malaysia"
1209:
Annex F: Agreement of External Defence and Mutual Assistance
296:
of the United Nations, acting in his capacity as depositary
1593:, Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
1046:
distribution and regulatory powers on electricity and gas.
846:
on 1 February 1948, and achieved independence within the
2053:
Resolution of General Assembly 60/119 of 18 January 2006
1638:"Signing of the Malaysia Agreement – Singapore History"
1025:
proposed 2019 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia
790:
was established in British Malaya which comprised the
2001:"Kuching High Court strikes out suit to nullify MA63"
1515:
and the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
977:
until it became a sovereign state on 1 January 1984.
2122:"Why new Malaysian govt must heed MA63 rallying cry"
1843:
1841:
1189:
Annex D: The Constitution of the State of Singapore
4072:
3970:
3833:
3734:
3627:
3551:
3484:
3350:
3277:
3158:
3057:
2946:
2808:
2691:
2543:
2439:
2281:
2194:
1576:: Section 1(1), Malaysia Act 1963, Chapter 35 (UK).
314:
303:
267:
206:
134:
116:
98:
90:
72:
54:
37:
1925:"Rename Sabah CM 'premier' like Sarawak, says rep"
1498:Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957 (c. 60)
1179:Annex C: The Constitution of the State of Sarawak
859:U.N. Special Committee of the 24 on Decolonisation
1425:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 97 (1)
897:Decolonisation, self-determination and referendum
877:and to make recommendations on its application.
1169:Annex B: The Constitution of the State of Sabah
1949:. The Malay Mail. 15 March 2022. Archived from
1323:2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia
1094:2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia
3458:
2665:
2426:Sabah State Water Department corruption probe
2168:
2086:J. de V. Allen; Anthony J. Stockwell (1981).
683:
8:
1103:In March 2022, 11 people from Sarawak filed
32:
3519:British Military Administration (1945–1946)
758:consisted of three groups of polities: the
3839:
3740:
3633:
3557:
3465:
3451:
3443:
3164:
3063:
2952:
2814:
2672:
2658:
2650:
2175:
2161:
2153:
2140:
690:
676:
336:
31:
2389:Cross border attacks from the Philippines
3529:Self-governance of Singapore (1955–1962)
2058:Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories
1513:Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965
1368:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
1333:Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965
1128:The Malaysia Agreement lists annexes of
1417:
1379:
359:
339:
3768:China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park
2145:Articles related to Malaysia Agreement
1897:Zahid, Syed Jamal (14 December 2021).
1669:. Editions Didier Millet. p. 29.
7:
4216:Treaties of the Federation of Malaya
3111:States and municipalities by exports
2800:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis
2032:of Parliament of the United Kingdom
637:2019 failed constitutional amendment
2261:2021 federal constitution amendment
2248:2019 federal constitution amendment
2115:: 152–185 – via Academia.edu.
2062:the United Nations General Assembly
1711:Kathirasen, A. (9 September 2020).
855:Special Committee on Decolonisation
2512:1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis
2256:2020 Malaysia coronavirus pandemic
995:and creation of the Malaysia Act.
734:, the resulting union being named
592:UN Security Council Resolution 213
25:
2535:2020 Sarawak coronavirus pandemic
2003:. The Borneo Post. Archived from
1793:Pei, Goh Pei (15 December 2021).
1663:Mathews, Philip (February 2014).
869:) was established in 1961 by the
3534:Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965)
2760:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
2483:Anti-cession movement of Sarawak
2272:
2231:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
1976:. The Malay Mail. Archived from
1901:. The Malay Mail. Archived from
1826:. The Malay Mail. 19 August 2019
1692:
1353:Separatist movements in Malaysia
1338:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
1297:
1283:
1269:
1255:
659:
351:
320:
287:
282:Government of the United Kingdom
275:
254:
244:
234:
224:
213:
191:
179:
167:
154:
141:
43:
3514:Japanese occupation (1942–1945)
3509:Straits Settlements (1826–1942)
2490:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
2431:2020 Sabah coronavirus pandemic
2362:Self-government of North Borneo
2226:British Military Administration
2044:Affecting the Malaysia Act 1963
1874:Julia Chan (2 September 2019).
1855:. Daily Express. 20 August 2019
1014:2018 Malaysian general election
4211:Treaties of the United Kingdom
3524:Post-war Singapore (1946–1955)
2560:North Borneo Chartered Company
2308:North Borneo Chartered Company
2204:Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)
1999:Desiree, David (25 May 2023).
1972:Ling, Sharon (15 March 2022).
1737:Chin, James (1 January 2019).
1533:Federation of Malaya Agreement
1051:Federal and State Public Works
1036:claims on logging exports and
49:Agreement relating to Malaysia
1:
2731:Japanese occupation of Malaya
1771:Lu, Jamie (8 November 2022).
1358:Timeline of Malaysian history
1098:head of government of Sarawak
951:Singapore–specific provisions
646:2021 constitutional amendment
436:Cross border attacks in Sabah
3539:Republic of Singapore (1965–
3045:State legislative assemblies
2765:Sarawak communist insurgency
2642:Covers the three territories
2601:Crown Colony of North Borneo
2416:1991 Sabah political arrests
2357:Crown Colony of North Borneo
2214:Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)
1849:"Seven MA63 issues resolved"
1589:, Chief Minister of Penang,
973:. It would continue to be a
730:with the existing states of
556:1964 race riots in Singapore
529:North Borneo Self-governance
456:Piracy in Sulu & Celebes
417:Sarawak communist insurgency
3962:Water supply and sanitation
3264:Water supply and sanitation
2790:1997 Asian financial crisis
4252:
4231:Treaties concluded in 1963
3907:National Courtesy Campaign
2827:Cities, towns and villages
2785:1988 constitutional crisis
2522:1997 Sarawak HFMD outbreak
2495:Self-government of Sarawak
2120:James Chin (31 May 2018).
1743:. University of Tasmania.
1613:Singapore University Press
1609:The Singapore Legal System
1062:The power of the state on
1028:seven agreed issues were:
925:
922:Disagreements in Singapore
4124:
3842:
3743:
3636:
3560:
3397:
3167:
3066:
2955:
2817:
2640:
2270:
2264:(passed) ★ second tabling
2251:(on hold) ★ first tabling
2150:
2128:– via Academia.edu.
1402:
1394:
1363:Proclamation of Singapore
830:. Meanwhile, Britain had
610:South Thailand insurgency
583:Proclamation of Singapore
319:
42:
18:The formation of Malaysia
4206:Treaties of North Borneo
3641:Administrative divisions
3499:Early history (pre–1819)
3494:Archaeology in Singapore
3317:Malay ethnic nationalism
2775:Second Malayan Emergency
2404:2013 Lahad Datu standoff
2399:2000 Sipadan kidnappings
2241:Proclamation of Malaysia
2075:by the BBC News Channel.
1644:. National Library Board
1607:Tan, Kevin Y.L. (1999).
1118:Constitution of Malaysia
867:Decolonisation Committee
804:Unfederated Malay States
768:Unfederated Malay States
718:which agreed to combine
538:Proclamation of Malaysia
3806:Singapore Standard (SS)
2527:Sarawak rabies outbreak
2478:Crown Colony of Sarawak
1591:Mohammed Ghazali Shafie
1451:Registered Nr. I-10760.
1134:Annex A: Malaysia Bill
1012:(BN) government in the
956:
848:Commonwealth of Nations
565:MacDonald House bombing
511:Sarawak Self-governance
475:North Borneo Federation
3902:Long hair in Singapore
3116:Science and technology
2581:Battle of North Borneo
2555:Crown Colony of Labuan
2517:1987 Ming Court Affair
2394:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
2352:Battle of North Borneo
2345:Sandakan Death Marches
1390:
980:
792:Federated Malay States
764:Federated Malay States
408:Singaporean referendum
122:; 61 years ago
120:16 September 1963
104:; 61 years ago
94:London, United Kingdom
78:; 61 years ago
60:; 62 years ago
4226:Treaties of Singapore
4191:Formation of Malaysia
3791:Proposed developments
2770:Singapore in Malaysia
1642:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
1263:British Empire portal
1113:Government of Sarawak
992:1957 Malaya Agreement
934:People's Action Party
928:Singapore in Malaysia
345:Formation of Malaysia
58:15 November 1961
4201:Treaties of Malaysia
3570:Environmental issues
3146:World Bank Relations
2884:World Heritage Sites
2862:environmental issues
2745:Federation of Malaya
2451:Sultanate of Sarawak
1927:. FMT. 29 April 2024
975:British protectorate
844:Federation of Malaya
628:Pedra Branca dispute
426:North Borneo dispute
230:North Borneo (Sabah)
4221:Treaties of Sarawak
3927:Population planning
3912:National Day Parade
3748:Economic statistics
2914:Peninsular Malaysia
2593:Colony of Singapore
2573:Straits Settlements
2379:Keningau Oath Stone
2209:Japanese occupation
2107:James Chin (2014).
1463:"Malaysia Act 1963"
1391:Perjanjian Malaysia
857:(also known as the
850:on 31 August 1957.
820:Straits Settlements
776:Straits Settlements
666:Malaysia portal
601:Singapore Agreement
473: •
454: •
444: •
434: •
397: •
387: •
34:
3917:No U-turn syndrome
3811:Telecommunications
3801:Singapore Exchange
3763:Monetary Authority
3234:Malaysian diaspora
3126:Telecommunications
2755:Malaysia Agreement
2711:Portuguese Malacca
2614:20-point agreement
2609:Cobbold Commission
2505:18-point agreement
2500:Cobbold Commission
2372:20-point agreement
2367:Cobbold Commission
2236:Malaysia Agreement
2136:– Via ResearchGate
2132:James Chin (2019)
1517:Singapore Act 1966
1328:Cobbold Commission
1318:20-point agreement
1313:18-point agreement
1077:islands for Sabah.
1069:Administration of
1049:Implementation of
946:federal parliament
932:In Singapore, the
742:on 9 August 1965.
704:Malaysia Agreement
619:Double Six Tragedy
574:PAP–UMNO relations
399:20-point agreement
389:18-point agreement
379:Cobbold Commission
33:Malaysia Agreement
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2750:Malayan Emergency
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2298:Sultanate of Sulu
2126:The Straits Times
2113:The Straits Times
2073:Malaysia Timeline
2039:Malaysia Act 1963
1750:978-967-2165-58-3
1676:978-967-10617-4-9
1480:Malaysia Act 1963
1343:Malaysia Act 1963
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1080:Agricultural and
981:Kelantan's claims
891:Malaysia Act 1963
865:, or simply, the
766:, five protected
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2092:. Oceana Publ.
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1611:. Vol. 2.
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1018:Pakatan Harapan
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863:Committee of 24
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2024:External links
2022:
2019:
2018:
2007:on 26 May 2023
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1837:
1811:
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3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3646:Town Councils
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Urban renewal
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Ethnic groups
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:States by GDP
3104:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Hill stations
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:deforestation
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:East Malaysia
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:Malayan Union
2738:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Dutch Malacca
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2639:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Liu Shan Bang
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:Sandakan camp
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2188:East Malaysia
2185:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Malaysia Bill
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1980:on 5 May 2023
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1877:
1870:
1867:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1730:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1699:public domain
1691:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1656:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1622:9789971692124
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:Anthony Abell
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1411:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Manila Accord
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1281:
1278:
1267:
1264:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
998:
996:
993:
988:
978:
976:
972:
971:Brunei revolt
968:
964:
954:
952:
947:
941:
939:
935:
929:
921:
916:
914:
912:
906:
905:
896:
894:
892:
886:
884:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:Malayan Union
786:In 1946, the
782:Malayan Union
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
745:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
693:
688:
686:
681:
679:
674:
673:
671:
670:
667:
657:
656:
649:
647:
644:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
494:
493:Manila Accord
491:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
478:
476:
472:
471:
468:
466:
465:Brunei revolt
463:
462:
459:
457:
453:
452:
449:
447:
446:Moro conflict
443:
442:
439:
437:
433:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
402:
400:
396:
395:
392:
390:
386:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
373:
371:
370:Malaysia Bill
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
354:
350:
349:
346:
338:
331:
327:
318:
313:
310:
306:
302:
295:
285:
283:
273:
272:
270:
266:
252:
242:
232:
222:
211:
210:
209:
205:
200:
189:
187:
177:
175:
165:
162:
152:
150:
139:
138:
137:
133:
119:
115:
101:
97:
93:
89:
75:
71:
57:
53:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4145:Bibliography
4087:Coat of arms
4064:Singaporeans
3985:Architecture
3932:Prostitution
3882:Demographics
3700:Conscription
3685:Human rights
3653:Constitution
3418:Bibliography
3384:Rukun Negara
3382:
3292:Architecture
3244:Prostitution
3187:Demographics
3081:Central bank
2995:Human rights
2970:Constitution
2857:conservation
2795:1MDB scandal
2754:
2565:North Borneo
2313:North Borneo
2235:
2125:
2112:
2088:
2009:. Retrieved
2005:the original
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1951:the original
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:the original
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1852:
1828:. Retrieved
1823:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1739:
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:
1706:
1685:
1665:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1641:
1631:
1608:
1602:
1587:Wong Pow Nee
1581:
1573:
1569:
1558:
1554:
1543:
1539:
1528:
1524:
1508:
1504:
1493:
1475:
1471:
1457:
1436:Versions in
1432:
1420:
1382:
1244:
1127:
1102:
1091:
1087:
1022:
1002:
984:
960:
942:
931:
911:Lord Cobbold
907:
903:
900:
887:
879:
866:
862:
858:
854:
852:
840:crown colony
798:, Selangor,
785:
772:crown colony
760:protectorate
752:World War II
749:
720:North Borneo
711:
707:
703:
701:
344:
307:English and
161:North Borneo
29:
3957:Social fund
3753:Agriculture
3071:Agriculture
2929:Earthquakes
2847:Environment
2706:Prehistoric
2568:(1890–1904)
1882:2 September
1636:HistorySG.
1092:In another
832:direct rule
484:Konfrontasi
341:Part of the
135:Signatories
4180:Categories
4044:Mass media
4039:Literature
3867:Disability
3775:(currency)
3707:Parliament
3668:Government
3590:Reservoirs
3312:Literature
3207:Healthcare
3182:Corruption
3100:(currency)
3030:Parliament
3025:Monarchies
3000:Censorship
2985:Government
2545:History of
2441:History of
2421:Project IC
2323:Mat Salleh
2283:History of
2060:listed by
2011:21 October
1799:NST Online
1412:References
1109:referendum
926:See also:
902:provided:
818:; and the
810:, Perlis,
746:Background
502:Maphilindo
330:Wikisource
268:Depositary
127:1963-09-16
109:1963-07-31
83:1963-07-09
65:1961-11-15
4102:Lion head
4010:Languages
3922:OB marker
3877:Education
3821:Transport
3722:President
3658:Elections
3610:Waterways
3553:Geography
3474:Singapore
3259:Squatting
3224:Languages
3192:Education
3136:Transport
3005:Judiciary
2975:Elections
2934:Volcanoes
2904:Mountains
2837:Divisions
2832:Districts
2810:Geography
2624:(1963–84)
2604:(1946–63)
2576:(1907–46)
1859:22 August
1830:22 August
1124:Documents
961:Although
917:Reactions
836:Singapore
750:Prior to
728:Singapore
722:(Sabah),
706:, or the
315:Full text
304:Languages
250:Singapore
186:Singapore
117:Effective
4154:Category
4054:Religion
4005:Gambling
3796:Reserves
3758:Aviation
3695:Military
3629:Politics
3615:Wildlife
3478:articles
3427:Category
3307:Folklore
3249:Religion
3172:Abortion
3098:Ringgit
3020:Military
2948:Politics
2872:wildlife
2701:Timeline
2685:articles
2681:Malaysia
1722:31 March
1249:See also
1082:forestry
1057:Manpower
1023:After a
1006:Alliance
987:Kelantan
812:Kelantan
770:and the
736:Malaysia
714:) was a
91:Location
4131:Outline
4107:Merlion
4074:Symbols
4032:history
4027:culture
3995:Cuisine
3972:Culture
3952:Smoking
3892:Five Cs
3862:Driving
3835:Society
3816:Tourism
3773:Dollar
3736:Economy
3673:Cabinet
3580:Islands
3575:Geology
3565:Beaches
3541:present
3486:History
3404:Outline
3351:Symbols
3302:Cuisine
3279:Culture
3239:Poverty
3160:Society
3131:Tourism
3059:Economy
2960:Cabinet
2894:Islands
2822:Borders
2693:History
2632:(1984–)
2443:Sarawak
2318:Antanum
2197:history
2184:History
2030:Hansard
1853:Bernama
1824:Bernama
1648:9 March
1438:English
1084:issues.
1075:Ligitan
1071:Sipadan
1066:issues.
1032:Export
828:Malacca
774:of the
762:of the
724:Sarawak
240:Sarawak
207:Parties
174:Sarawak
163:(Sabah)
125: (
107: (
81: (
63: (
55:Drafted
4159:Portal
4112:Pledge
4097:Flower
4082:Anthem
4059:Sports
3990:Cinema
3897:Health
3852:Caning
3786:Labour
3781:Energy
3712:Police
3595:Rivers
3476:
3432:Portal
3378:Flower
3368:Emblem
3363:Anthem
3358:Animal
3297:Cinema
3202:Health
3141:Unions
3088:Energy
2924:States
2919:Rivers
2877:plants
2735:Borneo
2683:
2596:(1946)
2547:Labuan
2461:Rentap
2195:Common
2096:
1747:
1673:
1619:
1511:: the
1444:, and
1442:French
1395:马来西亚协定
1064:health
1016:, the
999:Legacy
963:Brunei
824:Penang
732:Malaya
726:, and
360:Events
259:
220:Malaya
218:
196:
149:Malaya
146:
99:Sealed
73:Signed
4138:Index
4049:Music
4000:Dance
3872:Women
3857:Crime
3585:Parks
3411:Index
3342:Sport
3332:Names
3327:Music
3322:Media
3269:Women
3177:Crime
3076:Banks
2899:Lakes
2621:Sabah
2285:Sabah
1984:7 May
1957:7 May
1931:2 May
1909:3 May
1804:2 May
1778:2 May
1756:2 May
1446:Malay
1399:Tamil
1387:Malay
1374:Notes
838:as a
834:over
816:Johor
808:Kedah
796:Perak
309:Malay
4092:Flag
4022:LGBT
3373:Flag
3229:LGBT
2990:King
2094:ISBN
2013:2023
1986:2023
1959:2023
1933:2024
1911:2023
1884:2019
1861:2019
1832:2019
1806:2024
1780:2024
1758:2024
1745:ISBN
1724:2021
1671:ISBN
1650:2020
1617:ISBN
1105:writ
1073:and
1034:duty
826:and
712:MA63
702:The
3980:Art
3690:Law
3287:Art
3010:Law
2186:of
2051:by
1717:FMT
1574:See
1559:See
1544:See
1529:See
1509:See
1494:See
1476:See
1044:Gas
822:of
806:of
794:of
328:at
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3466:e
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