769:; "Everything that there is in the world I call a fact." Russell uses the term "fact" in two distinct senses. In 1918, facts are distinct from objects. "I want you to realize that when I speak of a fact I do not mean a particular existing thing, such as Socrates or the rain or the sun. Socrates himself does not render any statement true or false. You might be inclined to suppose that all by himself he would give truth to the statement âSocrates existedâ, but as a matter of fact that is a mistake." But in 1919, he identified facts with objects. "I mean by âfactâ anything complex. If the world contains no simples, then whatever it contains is a fact; if it contains any simples, then facts are whatever it contains except simples... That Socrates was Greek, that he married Xantippe [
782:, which are "subjective" and may be errors on the part of the subject, the knower who is their source and who is certain of himself and little else. All doubt implies the possibility of error and therefore admits the distinction between subjectivity and objectivity. The knower is limited in ability to tell fact from belief, false from true objects and engages in reality testing, an activity that will result in more or less certainty regarding the reality of the object. According to Russell, "we need a description of the fact which would make a given belief true" where "Truth is a property of beliefs." Knowledge is "true beliefs".
814:, he asks: "What kind of fact is it that I am Thomas Nagel?". Subjects have a perspective but each subject has a unique perspective and this seems to be a fact in Nagel's view from nowhere (i.e. the birds-eye view of the objective description in the universe). The Indian view of "Brahman" suggests that the ultimate and fundamental subject is existence itself, through which each of us as it were "looks out" as an aspect of a frozen and timeless everything, experienced subjectively due to our separated sensory and memory apparatuses. These additional features of subjective experience are often referred to as
312:. Although PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda is normally limited to caused objects, Nagarjuna extends his argument to objects in general by differentiating two distinct ideas â dependent designation and dependent origination. He proposes that all objects are dependent upon designation, and therefore any discussion regarding the nature of objects can only be made in light of the context. The validity of objects can only be established within those conventions that assert them.
805:âthe "what it is like" to be somethingâis currently beyond the reach of scientific inquiry, because scientific understanding by definition requires an objective perspective, which, according to Nagel, is diametrically opposed to the subjective first-person point of view. Furthermore, one cannot have a definition of objectivity without being connected to subjectivity in the first place since they are mutual and interlocked.
2578:
257:. Descriptions of all bodies, minds, and persons must be in terms of their properties and relations. For example, it seems that the only way to describe an apple is by describing its properties and how it is related to other things, such as its shape, size, composition, color, temperature, etc., while its relations may include "on the table", "in the room" and "being bigger than other apples".
2589:
889:
489:
fact a second-order effect, a "negation of negation". The subject experiences itself as a unity only by purposively negating the very diversity it itself had produced. The
Hegelian subject may therefore be characterized either as "self-restoring sameness" or else as "reflection in otherness within itself" (Preface, para. 18).
250:. The first definition holds that an object is an entity that fails to experience and that is not conscious. The second definition holds that an object is an entity experienced. The second definition differs from the first one in that the second definition allows for a subject to be an object at the same time.
607:
or "Being-there" displaces traditional notions of the personal subject altogether. With
Heidegger, phenomenology tries to go beyond the classical dichotomy between subject and object, because they are linked by an inseparable and original relationship, in the sense that there can be no world without
488:
is therefore cutting, splitting and introducing distinctions by injecting negation into the flow of sense-perceptions. Subjectivity is thus a kind of structural effect â what happens when Nature is diffused, refracted around a field of negativity and the "unity of the subject" for Hegel, is in
376:
An attribute of an object is called a property if it can be experienced (e.g. its color, size, weight, smell, taste, and location). Objects manifest themselves through their properties. These manifestations seem to change in a regular and unified way, suggesting that something underlies the
388:, because substances are only experienced through their properties a substance itself is never directly experienced. The problem of substance asks on what basis can one conclude the existence of a substance that cannot be seen or scientifically verified. According to
423:. The idealists' starting point is Hume's conclusion that there is nothing to the self over and above a big, fleeting bundle of perceptions. The next step was to ask how this undifferentiated bundle comes to be experienced as a unity â as a single
296:
seizes upon the dichotomy between objects as collections of properties or as separate from those properties to demonstrate that both assertions fall apart under analysis. By uncovering this paradox he then provides a solution
785:
In contemporary analytic philosophy, the issue of subjectâand more specifically the "point of view" of the subject, or "subjectivity"âhas received attention as one of the major intractable problems in
81:, subjects and objects can be considered interchangeable where each label is applied only from one or the other point of view. Subjects and objects are related to the philosophical distinction between
2453:
775:], that he died of drinking the hemlock, are facts that all have something in common, namely, that they are âaboutâ Socrates, who is accordingly said to be a constituent of each of them."
695:. Ideology inaugurates one into being a subject, and every ideology is intended to maintain and glorify its idealized subject, as well as the metaphysical category of the subject itself (see
2393:
478:"...the bifurcation of the simple; it is the doubling which sets up opposition, and then again the negation of this indifferent diversity and of its anti-thesis" (Preface, para. 18).
1406:
Pg. 285-286. Russell, Bertrand. âOn
Propositions: What They Are and How They Mean.â Essay. In Logic and Knowledge; Essays, 1901-1950, Ed. by Robert Charles Marsh. Allen, G., 1966.
445:
and their successors sought to flesh out the process by which the subject is constituted out of the flow of sense impressions. Hegel, for example, stated in his
Preface to the
265:
and, if so, in what way. The notion of an object must address two problems: the change problems and the problems of substances. Two leading theories about objecthood are
1397:
Pg. 182. Russell, Bertrand. âThe
Philosophy of Logical Atomism.â Essay. In Logic and Knowledge; Essays, 1901-1950, Ed. by Robert Charles Marsh. Allen, G., 1966.
155:
names a maximally general category, whose members are eligible for being referred to, quantified over and thought of. Terms similar to the broad notion of
194:
In ordinary language, one is inclined to call only a material object "object". In certain contexts, it may be socially inappropriate to apply the word
1046:
82:
65:
is any of the things observed or experienced by a subject, which may even include other beings (thus, from their own points of view: other subjects)
85:: the existence of knowledge, ideas, or information either dependent upon a subject (subjectivity) or independent from any subject (objectivity).
1338:
Edel Heuven, "The
Poststructuralist Subject and the Paradox of Internal Coherence", M.Sc. thesis, Wageningen University and Research, 2017, p. 2.
433:...the imagination must by long custom acquire the same method of thinking, and run along the parts of space and time in conceiving its objects.
2423:
1591:
1178:
2523:
2443:
956:
1484:
Alain de Libera, "When Did the Modern
Subject Emerge?", American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 82, No. 2, 2008, pp. 181â220.
54:, undergoes conscious experiences, is situated in relation to other things that exist outside itself; thus, a subject is any individual,
1284:
841:
Limiting discussions of objecthood to the realm of physical objects may simplify them. However, defining physical objects in terms of
2634:
1476:
1357:
1158:
2614:
2373:
2624:
635:
472:. Subjective self-motion, for Hegel, comes not from any pure or simple kernel of authentic individuality, but rather, it is
794:
2229:
2139:
2114:
2025:
937:
563:
provided a point of departure for questioning the notion of a unitary, autonomous
Subject, which for many thinkers in the
468:
case for subjectivity. Hegel's next step, however, is to identify this power to move, this unrest that is the subject, as
442:
1200:
288:
2558:
1664:
345:
2433:
1082:
692:
2004:
869:
732:) as student, soldier, "criminal", etc.)). Foucault believed it was possible to transform oneself; he used the word
2538:
1619:
1006:
508:, defines the broad notion of an object as anything that we can think or talk about. In a general sense it is any
352:, and that extension (the occupation of space) was the essence of matter. For modern philosophers like Descartes,
2644:
2274:
2109:
1729:
1584:
707:
223:. Objects differ from properties in that objects cannot be referred to by predicates. Some philosophers include
2548:
2483:
1001:
2413:
2343:
2224:
2009:
1689:
647:
447:
325:
299:
2619:
2285:
2179:
2159:
2036:
1964:
1909:
1832:
1614:
1280:
1051:
961:
902:
497:
254:
1634:
1257:
790:
341:
2473:
2383:
2254:
1944:
1889:
1884:
1842:
1770:
1704:
966:
922:
850:
821:
810:
802:
712:
615:
564:
262:
224:
220:
215:
462:" (Preface, para. 22). That is, what is not moved by an outside force, but which propels itself, has a
364:
that it exists. On the other hand, he argues that the object(s) which a subject perceives may not have
2581:
2518:
1979:
1954:
1879:
1577:
1056:
932:
842:
591:
360:
experienced by the subjectâwhose existence can never be doubted as its ability to doubt (and think)
2363:
2199:
2164:
2144:
2099:
2079:
1914:
1904:
1874:
676:
51:
2553:
2543:
2313:
2303:
1807:
1719:
1562:
1011:
987:
786:
662:
655:
643:
2323:
1532:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
1521:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
2639:
2593:
2239:
2194:
2084:
1780:
1749:
1472:
1353:
1216:
1174:
1041:
1021:
894:
854:
749:
703:
669:
329:
321:
1240:
451:
that a subject is constituted by "the process of reflectively mediating itself with itself."
2629:
2219:
2204:
2184:
1984:
1796:
1739:
1550:
1487:
1166:
977:
760:
598:
587:
385:
378:
333:
308:
266:
1276:
2333:
2264:
2249:
2169:
2149:
2124:
1934:
1744:
1679:
1026:
971:
917:
912:
725:
684:
672:
665:
572:
455:
412:
361:
1502:
The Early Modern
Subject. Self-Consciousness and Personal Identity from Descartes to Hume
679:, the so-called "poststructuralist subject". According to Althusser, the "subject" is an
320:
The formal separation between subject and object in the
Western world corresponds to the
261:
frameworks also differ in whether they consider objects existing independently of their
2463:
2244:
2234:
2089:
2074:
2019:
1790:
1649:
982:
825:
745:
688:
619:
576:
568:
529:
521:
501:
1527:
2608:
2533:
2259:
2209:
2174:
2154:
2134:
1699:
1555:
1464:
1170:
1036:
1031:
611:
560:
438:
408:
393:
353:
270:
2513:
2279:
2214:
2104:
2014:
1864:
1734:
1644:
1624:
1350:
The hermeneutics of the subject : lectures at the CollĂšge de France, 1981-1982
1245:
798:
696:
651:
639:
533:
1305:
2269:
2189:
2119:
2069:
1847:
1775:
1754:
1709:
1674:
1629:
1600:
951:
907:
623:
580:
464:
377:
properties. The change problem asks what that underlying thing is. According to
337:
258:
2403:
2129:
2094:
2044:
1929:
1827:
1714:
1639:
996:
884:
627:
505:
420:
416:
389:
78:
39:
1516:
1132:
2563:
2528:
2508:
2054:
1939:
1869:
1822:
1785:
1724:
1654:
1497:
1016:
941:
873:
556:
550:
357:
293:
227:
as counting as objects, while others do not. Terms similar to such usage of
133:
77:
is: an observer versus a thing that is observed. In certain cases involving
17:
2503:
2064:
1919:
1694:
1659:
992:
680:
631:
517:
513:
304:
509:
454:
Hegel begins his definition of the subject at a standpoint derived from
2353:
2059:
1989:
1959:
1924:
1859:
1817:
1802:
1669:
927:
365:
269:, wherein substances (objects) are distinct from their properties, and
1949:
1899:
1812:
1684:
1442:
Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences & the Humanities
947:
865:
816:
779:
622:
model of the subject, in which the split subject is constituted by a
603:
253:
One approach to defining an object is in terms of its properties and
55:
1469:
Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France
744:
to describe the process. Subjectification was a central concept in
597:
Among the most radical re-thinkers of human self-consciousness was
368:
or full existence or value, independent of that observing subject.
27:
Philosophy terms referring to an observer versus the thing observed
2049:
1999:
846:
740:
98:
1994:
1974:
1969:
1894:
1852:
1837:
974:'s critique of the subject and the oxymoron "historical subject"
765:
349:
273:, wherein objects are no more than bundles of their properties.
1573:
1110:, Vol II, Elsevier publishing company, Amsterdam, pp. 1066â1067
1108:
A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the English language
396:, the answer is none; thus an object is merely its properties.
381:, the answer is a substance, that which stands for the change.
198:
to animate beings, especially to human beings, while the words
1569:
771:
112:) with the meaning "to throw, or put before or against", from
2454:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
1538:
944:
thought experiment (in "Knowing One Own's Mind", 1987 paper)
1325:
Elizabeth Stewart, Maire Jaanus, Richard Feldstein (eds.),
646:
when they come into the realm of language, difference, and
1492:
The Persistence of Subjectivity. On the Kantian Aftermath
525:
303:â "dependent origination") that lies at the very root of
2394:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
219:; that is to say, an object is an entity that is not a
124:, "to throw". Some other related English words include
1241:
The Philosophical Works of David Hume (1826 edition)
2496:
2295:
2035:
1763:
1607:
763:updated the classical terminology with a term, the
1554:
1310:Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences
683:construction (more exactly, constructed by the "
1306:Some reflections on the phenomenological method
1515:Bradley Retter & Andrew M. Bailey (2017).
1494:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
1083:"Postmodernism and the 'Death of the Subject'"
1585:
702:According to Foucault, it is the "effect" of
8:
691:" and is constituted through the process of
575:. These thinkers opened up the way for the
427:. Hume had offered the following proposal:
119:
113:
107:
101:
1592:
1578:
1570:
1504:, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
1374:Deleuze and Guattari: Deleuze and Guattari
849:) leaves open the question of what is the
608:a subject, nor the subject without world.
1543:Crazy Objects And Their Affect On Reality
1047:Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
857:can be used to explain physical objects.
1448:: 201â209 – via Humanities Source.
144:uses the same root, but with the prefix
1471:, New York: Columbia University Press,
1427:
1415:
1385:
1131:Rettler, Bradley and Andrew M. Bailey.
1070:
868:represent objects; how they do so, the
590:added up to a wholesale indictment of
407:as a key-term in thinking about human
2424:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
7:
2524:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
2444:The World as Will and Representation
1557:Human Knowledge Its Scope and Limits
1440:DÄ
mbska, Izydora (2016). "Symbols".
1076:
1074:
957:Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)
579:of the subject as a core-concept of
458:physics: "the unmoved which is also
344:). Descartes believed that thought (
69:A simple common differentiation for
1137:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1352:. New York: Picador. p. 237.
1327:Lacan in the German-Speaking World
778:Facts, or objects, are opposed to
25:
567:is seen as the foundation of the
504:American philosophical school of
2587:
2577:
2576:
887:
851:nature of a fundamental particle
801:famously argued that explaining
687:"). One's subjectivity exists, "
2374:Meditations on First Philosophy
1287:from the original on 2009-02-14
716:: construction of the subject (
1171:10.1093/obo/9780195396577-0312
1157:Goswick, Dana (27 July 2016).
1:
685:Ideological State Apparatuses
246:There are two definitions of
2559:Philosophy of space and time
1539:"Even More Abstract Objects"
1218:The Principles of Philosophy
795:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
614:, inspired by Heidegger and
586:Freud's explorations of the
151:Broadly construed, the word
140:(an expression of protest).
83:subjectivity and objectivity
2434:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1376:, Routledge, 2001, p. 1315.
789:(a related issue being the
2661:
1329:, SUNY Press, 2004, p. 16.
1304:Farina, Gabriella (2014).
1081:Heartfield, James (2002).
872:, is the basic problem of
675:theorize the subject as a
642:), and separates from the
548:
411:began its career with the
118:, "against", and the root
50:is a being that exercises
2572:
1348:Foucault, Michel (2006).
1215:Descartes, René. "LIII".
594:notions of subjectivity.
348:) was the essence of the
292:, the Indian philosopher
2635:Concepts in epistemology
2549:Philosophy of psychology
2484:Simulacra and Simulation
1087:The Death of the Subject
1002:Object-oriented ontology
30:The distinction between
2615:Concepts in metaphysics
2414:Critique of Pure Reason
1260:Phenomenology of Spirit
484:The Hegelian subject's
448:Phenomenology of Spirit
326:early modern philosophy
2005:Typeâtoken distinction
1833:Hypostatic abstraction
1615:Abstract object theory
1281:University of Helsinki
1052:Transcendental subject
962:Hypostatic abstraction
903:Abstract object theory
870:mapâterritory relation
729:
545:Continental philosophy
120:
114:
108:
102:
2625:Subjective experience
2594:Philosophy portal
2474:Being and Nothingness
1890:Mental representation
1526:Gideon Rosen (2022).
1106:Klein, Ernest (1969)
967:List of ethics topics
923:Cognitive linguistics
843:fundamental particles
822:Frank Cameron Jackson
811:The View from Nowhere
803:subjective experience
713:Discipline and Punish
616:Ferdinand de Saussure
565:Continental tradition
340:(in common language,
206:are more acceptable.
2519:Feminist metaphysics
1372:Gary Genosko (ed.),
1163:oxfordbibliographies
1057:Vertiginous question
933:Continuous predicate
832:In other disciplines
540:20th century onwards
289:MĆ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ
97:is derived from the
93:In English the word
2364:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
1875:Linguistic modality
1418:, pp. 148â149.
1275:Peirce, Charles S.
855:categories of being
853:and thus asks what
756:Analytic philosophy
677:social construction
618:, built on Freud's
601:, whose concept of
522:nearest star system
493:American pragmatism
322:dualistic framework
148:, meaning "under".
38:is a basic idea of
2554:Philosophy of self
2544:Philosophy of mind
1808:Embodied cognition
1720:Scientific realism
1563:Simon and Schuster
1159:"Ordinary Objects"
1012:Open individualism
1007:Observer (physics)
988:Nonexistent object
787:philosophy of mind
663:structural Marxist
656:Name of the Father
2602:
2601:
1781:Category of being
1750:Truthmaker theory
1551:Russell, Bertrand
1180:978-0-19-539657-7
1042:Subject (grammar)
1022:Personhood theory
895:Philosophy portal
793:). In the essay "
791:mindâbody problem
752:'s work as well.
670:poststructuralist
661:Thinkers such as
626:: alienated from
528:, a disbelief in
498:Charles S. Peirce
415:, in response to
316:Cartesian dualism
300:pratÄ«tyasamutpÄda
282:Mahayana Buddhism
209:Some authors use
16:(Redirected from
2652:
2645:Physical objects
2592:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
1985:Substantial form
1797:Cogito, ergo sum
1740:Substance theory
1594:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1546:
1533:
1529:Abstract objects
1522:
1488:Robert B. Pippin
1481:
1450:
1449:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1258:"Preface to the
1254:
1248:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1128:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1078:
978:Moral relativism
897:
892:
891:
890:
808:In Nagel's book
761:Bertrand Russell
730:assujettissement
722:subjectification
630:when they leave
599:Martin Heidegger
588:unconscious mind
555:The thinking of
413:German idealists
386:substance theory
379:substance theory
372:Substance theory
267:substance theory
225:abstract objects
123:
117:
111:
105:
21:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2568:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2437:
2427:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2347:
2337:
2334:De rerum natura
2327:
2317:
2307:
2291:
2031:
1935:Physical object
1771:Abstract object
1759:
1745:Theory of forms
1680:Meaning of life
1603:
1598:
1549:
1536:
1525:
1514:
1511:
1479:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1288:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1114:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1027:Ship of Theseus
972:Michel Foucault
938:Donald Davidson
918:Category theory
913:Binding problem
893:
888:
886:
882:
863:
839:
834:
758:
673:Michel Foucault
666:Louis Althusser
573:social contract
553:
547:
542:
495:
470:pure negativity
402:
400:German idealism
374:
342:mind and matter
318:
284:
279:
213:in contrast to
91:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2584:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2497:Related topics
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2464:Being and Time
2460:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2037:Metaphysicians
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1791:Causal closure
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:Libertarianism
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Existentialism
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1547:
1534:
1523:
1510:
1509:External links
1507:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1465:Butler, Judith
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1432:
1430:, p. 154.
1420:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1388:, p. 143:
1378:
1365:
1358:
1340:
1331:
1318:
1297:
1267:
1249:
1231:
1207:
1193:
1179:
1149:
1112:
1099:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
990:
985:
983:Neo-Kantianism
980:
975:
969:
964:
959:
954:
945:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
899:
898:
883:
881:
878:
862:
859:
838:
835:
833:
830:
757:
754:
750:FĂ©lix Guattari
746:Gilles Deleuze
738:from the word
718:subjectivation
693:interpellation
689:always-already
634:, enters into
620:psychoanalytic
577:deconstruction
569:liberal theory
546:
543:
541:
538:
530:predestination
494:
491:
486:modus operandi
482:
481:
480:
479:
436:
435:
401:
398:
373:
370:
356:is a state of
330:René Descartes
317:
314:
283:
280:
278:
275:
90:
87:
67:
66:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2657:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Consciousness
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:Phenomenology
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:Notable works
2294:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Phenomenalism
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:Action theory
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:Colin Smith.
1535:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:0-231-06450-0
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1359:9780312425708
1355:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1238:Hume, David.
1235:
1232:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1032:Sign relation
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
949:
946:
943:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
896:
885:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
860:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
836:
831:
829:
827:
823:
819:
818:
813:
812:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
773:
768:
767:
762:
755:
753:
751:
747:
743:
742:
737:
736:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:
667:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:the Imaginary
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:Jacques Lacan
609:
606:
605:
600:
595:
593:
592:Enlightenment
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:Sigmund Freud
558:
552:
544:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
524:, the number
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
492:
490:
487:
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
471:
467:
466:
461:
457:
452:
450:
449:
444:
440:
434:
430:
429:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:consciousness
406:
399:
397:
395:
394:bundle theory
391:
387:
384:According to
382:
380:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:consciousness
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
315:
313:
311:
310:
306:
302:
301:
295:
291:
290:
281:
277:In philosophy
276:
274:
272:
271:bundle theory
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
116:
110:
104:
100:
96:
88:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
64:
60:
58:, or observer
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
43:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2514:Epistemology
2482:
2472:
2462:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2392:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2332:
2324:NyÄya SĆ«tras
2322:
2312:
2302:
2284:
2200:Wittgenstein
2145:Schopenhauer
2024:
2015:Unobservable
1865:Intelligence
1795:
1735:Subjectivism
1730:Spiritualism
1645:Essentialism
1625:Anti-realism
1561:. New York:
1556:
1542:
1528:
1517:
1501:
1491:
1468:
1458:Bibliography
1445:
1441:
1435:
1428:Russell 1948
1423:
1416:Russell 1948
1411:
1402:
1393:
1386:Russell 1948
1381:
1373:
1368:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1270:
1259:
1252:
1246:Google Books
1244:, p. 27, at
1239:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1217:
1210:
1201:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1162:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:
1107:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:
864:
840:
815:
809:
807:
799:Thomas Nagel
784:
777:
770:
764:
759:
739:
734:
733:
721:
717:
711:
701:
697:antihumanism
660:
652:the Symbolic
640:mirror stage
638:(during the
610:
602:
596:
585:
554:
534:fear of cats
496:
485:
483:
469:
463:
459:
456:Aristotelian
453:
446:
437:
432:
424:
404:
403:
383:
375:
346:subjectivity
319:
307:
298:
287:
285:
259:Metaphysical
252:
247:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
214:
210:
208:
203:
199:
195:
193:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
150:
145:
141:
137:
129:
128:(to reify),
125:
94:
92:
74:
70:
68:
62:
47:
35:
31:
29:
2344:Metaphysics
2328:(c. 200 BC)
2318:(c. 350 BC)
2308:(c. 350 BC)
2195:Collingwood
2100:Malebranche
1848:Information
1776:Anima mundi
1755:Type theory
1710:Physicalism
1675:Materialism
1630:Determinism
1601:Metaphysics
952:meta-ethics
908:Abstraction
826:Mary's room
708:disciplines
681:ideological
624:double bind
581:metaphysics
502:late-modern
465:prima facie
460:self-moving
419:'s radical
18:The subject
2609:Categories
2404:Monadology
2338:(c. 80 BC)
2045:Parmenides
1930:Perception
1828:Experience
1715:Relativism
1690:Naturalism
1640:Enactivism
1316:(2):506â2.
1291:2009-03-19
1142:29 January
1064:References
997:phenomenon
735:ethopoiein
628:jouissance
549:See also:
506:pragmatism
421:skepticism
417:David Hume
390:David Hume
332:, between
263:properties
241:particular
237:individual
189:individual
132:(a future
79:personhood
40:philosophy
2564:Teleology
2529:Mereology
2509:Cosmology
2368:(c. 1000)
2265:Plantinga
2255:Armstrong
2205:Heidegger
2180:Whitehead
2165:Nietzsche
2085:Descartes
2055:Aristotle
2010:Universal
1940:Principle
1910:Necessity
1870:Intention
1823:Existence
1786:Causality
1725:Solipsism
1655:Free will
1498:Udo Thiel
1017:Paramatma
942:swamp man
874:semantics
861:Semantics
557:Karl Marx
551:Ethopoeia
532:, or the
358:cognition
338:extension
324:, in the
294:Nagarjuna
255:relations
233:substance
138:objection
134:reference
130:objective
126:objectify
106:(p.p. of
89:Etymology
2640:Ontology
2582:Category
2504:Axiology
2358:(c.â270)
2286:more ...
2240:Anscombe
2235:Strawson
2230:Davidson
2125:Berkeley
2065:Plotinus
2026:more ...
1965:Relation
1945:Property
1920:Ontology
1843:Identity
1764:Concepts
1695:Nihilism
1660:Idealism
1608:Theories
1553:(1948).
1467:(1987),
1285:Archived
1277:"Object"
1186:20 April
1133:"Object"
1092:28 March
993:Noumenon
880:See also
632:the Real
518:Socrates
516:, gods,
514:pyramids
305:Buddhist
231:include
221:property
216:property
177:existent
159:include
103:objectus
2630:Objects
2354:Enneads
2348:(c. 50)
2314:Timaeus
2304:Sophist
2250:Dummett
2245:Deleuze
2185:Russell
2175:Bergson
2170:Meinong
2150:Bolzano
2110:Leibniz
2090:Spinoza
2075:Aquinas
2060:Proclus
1990:Thought
1980:Subject
1960:Reality
1955:Quality
1925:Pattern
1885:Meaning
1860:Insight
1818:Essence
1803:Concept
1705:Realism
1670:Liberty
1635:Dualism
1224:19 July
928:Concept
866:Symbols
837:Physics
780:beliefs
710:" (see
654:or the
571:of the
500:of the
425:subject
405:Subject
334:thought
286:In the
142:Subject
136:), and
109:obicere
71:subject
48:subject
32:subject
2488:(1981)
2478:(1943)
2468:(1927)
2458:(1846)
2448:(1818)
2438:(1807)
2428:(1783)
2418:(1781)
2408:(1714)
2398:(1710)
2388:(1677)
2384:Ethics
2378:(1641)
2280:Parfit
2270:Kripke
2260:Putnam
2220:Sartre
2210:Carnap
2160:Peirce
2105:Newton
2080:SuĂĄrez
2070:Scotus
1950:Qualia
1915:Object
1905:Nature
1900:Motion
1880:Matter
1813:Entity
1685:Monism
1518:Object
1475:
1356:
1177:
948:Ethics
847:quarks
845:(e.g.
817:qualia
726:French
648:demand
604:Dasein
520:, the
512:: the
510:entity
362:proves
309:praxis
248:object
239:, and
229:object
211:object
200:entity
196:object
187:, and
169:entity
157:object
153:object
121:jacere
95:object
75:object
63:object
56:person
52:agency
36:object
2534:Meta-
2275:Lewis
2225:Quine
2190:Moore
2155:Lotze
2140:Hegel
2115:Wolff
2095:Locke
2050:Plato
2020:Value
2000:Truth
1204:24:18
820:(see
741:ethos
706:and "
704:power
644:Other
526:seven
443:Hegel
204:being
165:being
161:thing
99:Latin
2215:Ryle
2135:Kant
2130:Hume
2120:Reid
1995:Time
1975:Soul
1970:Self
1895:Mind
1853:Data
1838:Idea
1473:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1226:2016
1188:2020
1175:ISBN
1144:2021
1094:2013
1037:Soul
995:and
950:and
824:and
766:fact
748:and
668:and
559:and
439:Kant
366:real
350:mind
336:and
202:and
185:unit
181:term
173:item
146:sub-
73:and
34:and
1446:105
1308:".
1202:MMK
1167:doi
940:'s
828:).
797:",
772:sic
720:or
699:).
650:in
392:'s
328:of
115:ob-
61:An
2611::
1541:.
1500:,
1490:,
1444:.
1312:,
1283:.
1279:.
1173:.
1165:.
1161:.
1135:.
1115:^
1085:.
1073:^
876:.
728::
724:,
658:.
583:.
536:.
441:,
243:.
235:,
191:.
183:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
46:A
42:.
1593:e
1586:t
1579:v
1565:.
1545:.
1362:.
1314:7
1294:.
1264:.
1262:"
1228:.
1190:.
1169::
1146:.
1096:.
431:"
297:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.