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301:, the most famous wall-painter of 17th-century Russia, who hailed from Kostroma, to paint a copy of the miraculous icon. The Fyodorovskaya Church was built to house the icon, with funds provided by ordinary people. A treatise details its construction and the miracles attributed to the icon in Yaroslavl. The church was consecrated on 24 July 1687. After the
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405:. It is said that Nicholas II could not have had a copy from the original image because the icon in Kostroma had blackened so badly that the image was hardly visible. This was interpreted as a bad sign for the Romanov dynasty. Indeed, the Romanovs were dethroned four years later during the Russian Revolution.
190:
Scholars believe that the image of Saint
Paraskeva is contemporaneous with the image of the Theotokos on the other side. This dating seems to confirm the Novgorodian origin of the icon, as it was only in the 15th century that the veneration of Saint Paraskeva spread to other parts of the country.
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wandered while hunting in a forest. While trying to find his way out of a thicket, he saw an icon concealed among fir branches. When he reached out to touch it, the icon mysteriously rose up in the air. The awestruck prince informed the citizens of
Kostroma about the miracle he had witnessed and
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In 1681, the icon appeared in a dream to Ivan
Pleshkov, who had been paralysed for 12 years. He was commanded to go to Kostroma, procure a copy of the icon, bring it back to Yaroslavl and to build a church for its veneration. As soon as he was cured of palsy, Pleshkov commissioned
138:
The people of
Gorodets, at a distance to the east from Kostroma, learned about the miracle of the survival of the icon in the fire. They recognized the newly found icon as the one that used to be in their church. Church legends differ as to why the icon was named after Saint
179:, the image had nearly disappeared. Art historians disagree about when and where the icon was created. Some propose an early 11th-century date; others date it as late as the turn of the 14th century. On the reverse side of the Feodorovskaya is an image representing
332:
Another copy of the icon has been venerated in
Gorodets, especially after the Feodorovsky Monastery was re-established in the early 18th century. A new copy of the icon was brought to it from Kostroma. This image was fitted into a
135:. They carried the icon to the city and placed it in the Assumption Cathedral. A conflagration destroyed the cathedral and most of its icons soon thereafter, but the Feodorovskaya was found intact on the third day after the fire.
210:
The feast day of St. Alexandra coincides with that of Saint
Paraskeva (20 March). In the Rurikid family, it was customary for a groom to present his bride an icon representing her patron saint. On these grounds, Byzantine expert
155:). One explanation is that, during Vasily's absence in the forest, several residents of Kostroma claimed to have seen an apparition of Saint Theodore come up to the city with an icon in his hands.
558:, in Памятники культуры. Новые открытия 1976: Письменность, искусство, археология. Moscow, 1976. Maslenitsyn also argues that Yaroslav endowed the church of St. Theodore Stratelates in Kostroma.
278:. She asked the icon to protect Mikhail and his royal descendants. The young tsar took a copy of the icon with him to Moscow, where it came to be regarded as the holy protectress of the
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There may have been several reasons why the icon could have surfaced in
Gorodets or Kostroma. It is known that Alexander Nevsky had a palace in Gorodets and that he died in this town.
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to "take the veil" (join a convent and withdraw from public life). At first the nun advised her only son to stay in
Kostroma and decline the offer of the
520:'s brother) presented to his bride, Princess Uliana Kholmskaya, an icon of St. Barbara, who was a likely patron-saint of the princess. See Николаева Т.В.
274:, or the position of tsar. She noted that three previous tsars had been either murdered or disgraced. Ksenia blessed her son by giving him a copy of the
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The saint's noble dress may indicate that the icon was intended as a wedding gift to a princess whose patron saint was Saint
Paraskeva. According to
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For details about the
Gorodets copy, see История Федоровского Городецкого монастыря. Nizhny Novgorod, 2002 (reprint of the 1913 edition).
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commissioned a copy of the Gorodets icon, which he placed at the Royal Cathedral of Our Lady Saint Theodore, constructed to a design by
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Up to the 17th century, the icon was little known outside Gorodets and Kostroma. After 1613, its fame spread when the adolescent
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478:"Feodorovskaya-Kostroma icon of the Mother of God", Transfiguration of Our Lord Russian Orthodox Church, Baltimore, Maryland
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was not transferred to a museum, because the image was impossible to discern. The Black Virgin was given to the sect of
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means "God-bearer". At the beginning of the XII century it was kept in an old wooden chapel near the city of Kitezh.
524:, in Древнерусское искусство: Художественная культурa Москвы и прилегающих к ней княжеств XIV-XVI вв. Moscow, 1970.
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If this theory is correct, the revered image of the Theotokos could have been commissioned by Alexander's father,
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571:, in Вестник Костромского гос. пед. ун-та им. Н.А. Некрасова: Научно-методический журнал. Вып. 2. Kostroma, 1997.
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inlaid with precious stones, so as to rival the original by its sumptuous decoration. During the annual
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women who married into the House of Romanov and converted to Russian Orthodoxy often took Feodorovna as
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returned with a crowd of people to the forest. They fell prostrate before the icon and prayed to the
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Framing Mary: The Mother of God in Modern, Revolutionary, and Post-Soviet Russian Culture
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in honour of the Feodorovskaya icon. Examples include two empresses Maria Feodorovna (
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Since the icon was overwritten several times during its history, by the time of the
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on the Lowlands in Kostroma. In 1991 the icon was moved from there to the revived
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destroyed the Dormition Cathedral of Yaroslavl during the Russian Revolution, the
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Russkie monastyri. Ural : Ekaterinburgskai︠a︡ i Verkhoturskai︠a︡ eparkhii︠a︡
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A Bride for the Tsar: Bride-Shows and Marriage Politics in Early Modern Russia
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For a complete list of the icon's purported miracles, see Сырцов В.А.
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Feodorovskaya icon on the website of the Russian Orthodox Church
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293:, where some of the oldest copies of the icon may be found.
313:, the oldest in Russia. The cathedral was rebuilt in 2005.
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served as the cathedral for the city and the archdiocese of
652:. Aldershot; Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate. p. 77, note 9.
124:
Several months later, on 16 August 1239, Prince Vasily of
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Soil and soul : the symbolic world of Russianness
219:
to his wife on the occasion of their wedding in 1239.
590:
Adams, Amy Singleton; Shevzov, Vera (24 April 2018).
76:
family. It is one of the most venerated icons in the
677:. Novomoskovsk: Ocharovannyĭ strannik. p. 162.
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See История русского искусства, том 1. Moscow, 1953.
113:, the icon was kept in a monastery near the town of
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625:. Cornell University Press. p. 284, note 112.
199:family was Alexandra of Polotsk, the wife of Saint
88:Since the Feodorovskaya follows the same Byzantine
462:"Icon of the Mother of God of Saint Theodore", OCA
232:) and his patron saint was Theodore Stratelates.
215:concluded that the Feodorovskaya was presented by
80:. Her feast days are March 14 (27) and August 29.
34:Original icon from Epiphany Monastery in Kostroma
592:"Glossary; Feodorov icon of the Mother of God"
262:. Romanov lived in Kostroma with his mother,
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430:in the same city. Recently encased in a new
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151:, Feodor Stratilat), not to be confused with
8:
673:Boev, A. K.; Feoktistov, Anatoly A. (2007).
408:Unlike the other great icons of Russia, the
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183:, a saint whose veneration started in the
1151:Eastern Orthodox icons of the Virgin Mary
598:. Cornell University Press. p. 319.
344:, the icon was brought for veneration to
380:Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
374:); and grand duchesses Anna Feodorovna (
242:
29:
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422:. It deposited the icon in the famous
366:); two empresses Alexandra Feodorovna (
40:Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God
556:Икона "Богоматери Федоровской" 1239 г.
535:Выбор имени у русских князей X-XVI вв.
505:Сюжеты и образы древнерусской живописи
195:, the only such princess known in the
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522:О некоторых волоколамских древностях
516:For instance, Boris of Volokolamsk (
258:had been elected as the new Russian
171:, where the icon is on exhibit today
619:Martin, Russell E. (15 June 2012).
1161:Paintings of the Madonna and Child
226:. His Christian name was Feodor (
187:at the turn of the 13th century.
25:
27:Patron icon of the Romanov family
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109:It is believed that, before the
48:Феодоровская икона Божией Матери
384:Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine
376:Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
360:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
169:Epiphany Monastery in Kostroma
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646:Hellberg-Hirn, Elena (1998).
533:Литвина А.Ф., Успенский Ф.Б.
389:When the tercentenary of the
324:(processional banner) of the
289:has been venerated in nearby
1083:List of oldest Russian icons
382:) and Elizabeth Feodorovna (
326:Theotokos of Saint Theodore
94:(Tender Mercy) type as the
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368:Alix of Hesse and by Rhine
177:Russian Revolution of 1917
52:Our Lady of Saint Theodore
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285:Apart from Kostroma, the
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18:Theotokos of St. Theodore
393:was celebrated in 1913,
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420:Russian Orthodox Church
250:in Yaroslavl (1682-87).
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605:978-1-5017-5700-6
492:. Kostroma, 1908.
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185:Novgorod Republic
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181:Saint Paraskeva
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444:Eleusa icon
415:obnovlentsy
84:Church lore
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902:veneration
870:Kazanskaya
768:veneration
450:References
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303:Communists
239:Veneration
100:Saint Luke
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104:Theotokos
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766:National
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438:See also
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205:Novgorod
126:Kostroma
117:-on-the-
115:Gorodets
54:and the
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920:Siberia
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858:Tikhvin
335:golden
322:khorugv
197:Rurikid
145:Russian
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311:Rostov
229:Феодор
91:Eleusa
64:Russia
1064:Urals
876:Kazan
834:Kursk
746:icons
264:Xenia
119:Volga
918:and
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860:and
782:and
679:ISBN
654:ISBN
627:ISBN
600:ISBN
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370:and
362:and
337:riza
260:tsar
70:icon
60:Mary
38:The
748:of
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62:of
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794:(
786:)
778:(
732:e
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718:v
687:.
662:.
635:.
608:.
143:(
66:,
42:(
20:)
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