263:
During his second reign, Justinian proved to be merciless in his pursuit of vengeance against supporters of
Leontius and Tiberius III. Discontent over his harsh rule led to a further conflict for the throne. In 711, a new revolt started in Cherson under the exiled general
218:. With an army of 15,000 horsemen provided by him, Justinian suddenly advanced on Constantinople and managed to gain entrance into the city. He deposed Tiberius III and regained his throne. Theodora was the new empress consort but was still in the custody of her brother.
287:
presumed her to be already deceased, but he was writing four centuries after the events and the factual accuracy of his statement is debatable. Unlike other empresses, there is no tomb mentioned for her and the year and manner of her death remains unknown.
151:
Justinian stayed in
Cherson for about seven years with no apparent incident. However rumors that the deposed emperor was plotting his restoration came to the attention of the city authorities c. 702. They decided to arrest and send him to
240:
Busir wrote to his brother-in-law and informed him that war was unnecessary. He was free to reclaim
Theodora as soon as he sent emissaries to escort her and, according to Theophanes, he also informed Justinian of the existence of his son,
205:
Theodora was left behind in the custody of her brother. Their only known son
Tiberius is considered to have been born at some point during the separation of his parents, indicating Theodora was pregnant prior to the escape.
271:
Justinian was absent in
Armenia when the revolt started, and was unable to return in time to defend Constantinople. He was arrested and executed outside the city in December 711. Despite the efforts of
167:
Busir welcomed the exile and formed a familial relation to
Justinian by marrying him to his sister, whose original name is unknown, in 703. Theodora was her baptismal name and marks her conversion to
226:
1206:
461:
383:
Mitrofanov, Andrey (2023). "The Lord's gift transformed into a tiger. A hypothesis regarding the fate of the
Empress Theodora of Khazaria (705–711)".
137:
283:
Whether
Theodora was still alive during the events remains unclear. Theophanes and Nikephoros make no mention of her when recounting the deposition.
1359:
186:
Tiberius eventually took notice of the new marital alliance and bribed Busir in exchange for the head of
Justinian. According to the chronicle of
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1282:
1248:
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470:
332:
1211:
1156:
953:
273:
735:
983:
958:
887:
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61:
1039:
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27:
322:
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725:
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1303:
832:
642:
431:
172:
1176:
1114:
1045:
902:
514:
276:, Justinian's mother, Philippicus' men killed the six-year-old Tiberius as well, thus eradicating the
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251:, was sent to bring them back to Constantinople with no further incident. Theodora was crowned
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1139:
1065:
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657:
611:
328:
277:
237:
to escort
Theodora back, but the fleet was sunk by a storm before reaching their destination.
124:
85:
73:
56:
1333:
indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
1315:
1265:
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1134:
1070:
1050:
921:
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198:. Theodora became aware of their mission and warned her husband in advance, enabling him to
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230:
229:, Justinian was planning to reclaim his wife by force. In 705/706, a detachment of the
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805:
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303:(c. 705 – 711, co-emperor from 706 to 711). Executed by orders of Philippicus.
199:
180:
353:
123:
had first succeeded to the throne in 685. In 695, Justinian was deposed by a
862:
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509:
191:
129:
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943:
826:
692:
677:
396:
195:
133:
255:
and Tiberius was proclaimed co-emperor to secure his succession rights.
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907:
877:
760:
745:
564:
109:
101:
68:
160:. Justinian instead escaped Cherson and sought refuge in the court of
867:
713:
145:
97:
190:, c. 704 Busir dispatched two agents to murder his brother-in-law,
770:
489:
161:
93:
443:
214:
In 705, Justinian formed a new alliance, this time with
179:. Busir provided the couple with funds and a house in
202:
both men and sail in a fishing boat back to Cherson.
369:. 2nd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.
348:
346:
344:
296:
Theodora and Justinian II had only one known child:
171:. The name was probably chosen to evoke memories of
104:, but their relation to other Khazar rulers such as
1291:
920:
841:
789:
676:
620:
478:
227:
Ecumenical Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople
67:
55:
45:
41:
33:
26:
21:
221:According to the chronicle of Theophanes and the
455:
8:
1329:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
268:, and Busir lent his support to the rebels.
786:
462:
448:
440:
403:
18:
354:"Theodora, Second Wife of Justinian II"
313:
7:
14:
84:(Greek: Θεοδώρα τῶν Χαζάρων) was
1360:8th-century Byzantine empresses
108:, father of the future Empress
28:Empress of the Byzantine Empire
1:
1380:Mothers of Byzantine emperors
1337:incidates an empress regnant.
321:Norwich, John Julius (1998).
1167:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
324:A Short History of Byzantium
156:, surrendering his fate to
1396:
1324:
1202:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
703:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
428:
422:Byzantine Empress consort
419:
411:
406:
385:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
169:Chalcedonian Christianity
138:nose and tongue were slit
223:Chronographikon syntomon
188:Theophanes the Confessor
1120:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
726:Flavia Julia Constantia
643:Marcia Otacilia Severa
92:. She was a sister of
88:as the second wife of
1207:Theodora Palaiologina
1177:Anna Komnene Angelina
1115:Catherine of Bulgaria
1046:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
515:Agrippina the Younger
140:and he was exiled to
1278:Sophia of Montferrat
1197:Anna of Hohenstaufen
1056:Theophano Martinakia
964:Theodora of Khazaria
597:Julia Cornelia Paula
560:Faustina the Younger
397:10.1515/bz-2023-0007
367:The Jews of Khazaria
82:Theodora of Khazaria
22:Theodora of Khazaria
1256:Keratsa of Bulgaria
1239:Helena Kantakouzene
1219:Irene of Montferrat
1182:Philippa of Armenia
1162:Margaret of Hungary
1014:Theophano of Athens
833:Julius Nepos's wife
648:Herennia Etruscilla
471:Roman and Byzantine
245:. Theophylaktos, a
1365:8th-century deaths
1355:7th-century births
1283:Maria of Trebizond
1249:Irene Palaiologina
1229:Irene of Brunswick
1187:Maria of Courtenay
1147:Bertha of Sulzbach
555:Faustina the Elder
530:Statilia Messalina
365:Kevin Alan Brook.
216:Tervel of Bulgaria
1370:Heraclian dynasty
1342:
1341:
1311:Byzantine emperor
1140:Dobrodeia of Kiev
916:
915:
720:Valeria Maximilla
658:Cornelia Salonina
612:Sallustia Orbiana
438:
437:
429:Succeeded by
334:978-0-14-025960-5
327:. Penguin Books.
278:line of Heraclius
86:Byzantine empress
79:
78:
74:Heraclian Dynasty
16:Byzantine empress
1387:
1261:Irene Gattilusio
1172:Eudokia Angelina
1152:Maria of Antioch
1135:Irene of Hungary
1071:Zoe Karbonopsina
1051:Eudokia Ingerina
924:Byzantine Empire
787:
632:Caecilia Paulina
590:Fulvia Plautilla
580:Manlia Scantilla
570:Bruttia Crispina
505:Milonia Caesonia
464:
457:
450:
441:
412:Preceded by
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233:was sent to the
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1386:
1385:
1384:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1320:
1287:
1224:Rita of Armenia
1212:Anna of Hungary
1192:Irene Laskarina
1157:Agnes of France
1125:Maria of Alania
1076:Helena Lekapene
926:
923:
912:
845:
837:
821:Marcia Euphemia
816:Licinia Eudoxia
793:
785:
776:Aelia Flaccilla
698:Galeria Valeria
680:
672:
653:Cornelia Supera
624:
616:
545:Pompeia Plotina
540:Domitia Longina
535:Galeria Fundana
520:Claudia Octavia
495:Livia Orestilla
482:
474:
468:
434:
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417:
382:
379:
377:Further reading
374:
373:
364:
360:
352:Lynda Garland.
351:
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335:
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285:Joannes Zonaras
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17:
12:
11:
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1271:Anna of Moscow
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1132:
1130:Irene Doukaina
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1105:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1066:Eudokia Baïana
1063:
1061:Zoe Zaoutzaina
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1036:
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1021:
1016:
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1004:Maria of Amnia
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843:Eastern Empire
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836:
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818:
813:
811:Galla Placidia
808:
803:
797:
795:
791:Western Empire
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663:Ulpia Severina
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628:
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607:Annia Faustina
604:
602:Aquilia Severa
599:
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582:
577:
575:Flavia Titiana
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
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537:
532:
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525:Poppaea Sabina
522:
517:
512:
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500:Lollia Paulina
497:
492:
486:
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483:27 BC – AD 235
476:
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459:
452:
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391:(1): 165–184.
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309:
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304:
293:
290:
260:
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248:koubikoularios
211:
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154:Constantinople
136:. Justinian's
117:
114:
112:, is unknown.
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53:
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35:
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24:
23:
15:
13:
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3:
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1392:
1381:
1378:
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1375:Khazar people
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1299:Roman emperor
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1281:
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1272:
1267:
1266:Helena Dragaš
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1244:Irene Asanina
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:Anna of Savoy
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934:Fabia Eudokia
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898:Ino Anastasia
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894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
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871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:Aelia Eudocia
856:
854:
853:Aelia Eudoxia
851:
850:
848:
844:
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751:Marina Severa
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668:Magnia Urbica
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407:Royal titles
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368:
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231:Imperial navy
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40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
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1269:
1247:
1210:
1138:
1107:
1100:
1038:
996:
988:
963:
825:
718:
638:Tranquillina
588:
550:Vibia Sabina
420:
388:
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366:
361:
323:
316:
295:
282:
270:
262:
246:
239:
222:
220:
213:
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185:
166:
158:Tiberius III
150:
128:
121:Justinian II
119:
90:Justinian II
81:
80:
50:Justinian II
1331:underlining
903:Constantina
585:Julia Domna
266:Philippicus
235:Sea of Azov
177:Justinian I
125:coup d'état
1349:Categories
1034:Euphrosyne
806:Thermantia
766:Constantia
480:Principate
308:References
259:Deposition
181:Phanagoria
175:, wife of
1086:Theophano
1024:Theodosia
999:of Athens
954:Anastasia
863:Pulcheria
708:Minervina
510:Messalina
473:empresses
274:Anastasia
192:Balgitzin
130:strategos
1316:Augustae
1292:See also
1109:Theodora
1091:Theodora
1081:Theodora
1040:Theodora
1019:Prokopia
1009:Theodote
944:Gregoria
927:610–1453
922:Eastern/
888:Theodora
883:Euphemia
827:Placidia
736:Faustina
693:Eutropia
678:Dominate
426:705–711
301:Tiberius
292:Children
243:Tiberius
200:strangle
196:Papatzys
173:Theodora
134:Leontius
116:Marriage
62:Tiberius
1327:Italics
984:Eudokia
974:Tzitzak
959:Eudokia
939:Martina
908:Leontia
878:Zenonis
873:Ariadne
846:395–610
794:395–480
761:Domnica
756:Justina
746:Charito
731:Eusebia
681:284–610
625:235–285
565:Lucilla
415:Eudokia
253:Augusta
210:Empress
142:Cherson
110:Tzitzak
102:Khazars
100:of the
69:Dynasty
37:705–711
1096:Helena
1029:Thekla
949:Fausta
893:Sophia
868:Verina
741:Helena
714:Fausta
688:Prisca
622:Crisis
331:
146:Crimea
127:under
98:khagan
46:Spouse
34:Tenure
997:Irene
979:Maria
969:Maria
801:Maria
781:Galla
771:Laeta
490:Livia
432:Maria
162:Busir
106:Bihar
94:Busir
57:Issue
1335:bold
1304:list
1268:(w.
1246:(w.
1209:(w.
1137:(w.
990:Anna
587:(w.
329:ISBN
194:and
1102:Zoë
710:(?)
634:(?)
393:doi
389:116
225:of
144:in
1351::
387:.
343:^
280:.
183:.
164:.
148:.
96:,
1274:)
1252:)
1215:)
1143:)
593:)
463:e
456:t
449:v
399:.
395::
356:.
337:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.