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be blinded and spend the rest of his life as a monk. With
Michael V dealt with, Theodora refused to leave Hagia Sophia until she had received a formal invitation from Zoë, some 24 hours after they had been crowned. Officially Theodora was the junior empress, and her throne was situated slightly behind Zoë's on all public occasions. In practice she was the driving force behind the joint administration. The sisters administered the empire, focusing on curbing the sale of public offices and on the administration of justice. Although contemporary historian
342:
409:
537:
568:
387:. Otto III died before any marriage could occur. Basil II prevented his nieces from marrying any of the Byzantine nobility, calculating that such a marriage would have given their husbands a claim on the imperial throne. As women, Theodora and Zoë were unable to exercise any state authority; their only say in this was in choosing, or more likely accepting or not, a husband who would acquire their authority upon marriage. Consequently, Theodora lived a life of virtual obscurity in the imperial
467:
601:
522:, on 11 June 1042, and the management of the empire reverted to him. Although Theodora and Zoë continued to be recognised as empresses, and although Theodora continued to appear at all official functions, power devolved onto her brother-in-law. Nevertheless, Theodora exerted influence at court, as demonstrated by her ordering the arrest and blinding of
748:(who held considerable authority: This wife (Theodora) and husband (Justinian) consulted together about everything and had their own independent court, where officials, officers and clergy alternated between the Great Palace and the Hiria Palace to report and approve state affairs) and the previous empress regnant
486:, and on 19 April 1042, the people revolted against Michael V in support of not only Zoë, but Theodora as well. Michael V, desperate to keep his throne, initially brought Zoë back from Princes' Island and displayed her to the people, but the population rejected his proposal that he continue to rule alongside Zoë.
505:
and the people demanded that the two sisters should jointly reign. As her first act
Theodora was called upon to deal with Michael V. Zoë, weak and easily manipulated, wanted to pardon and free Michael, but Theodora was far more strict. She initially guaranteed Michael's safety before ordering that he
332:
after Zoë's death in 1050. When
Constantine died, the 74-year-old Theodora returned to the throne despite fierce opposition from court officials and military claimants. For 16 months she ruled as empress in her own right before succumbing to a sudden illness and dying at 76. She was the last ruler of
493:
Constantine
Cabasilas, went to the monastery at Petrion to convince Theodora to become co-empress. Theodora, accustomed to a life of religious contemplation, rejected their pleas out of hand, and fled to the convent chapel to seek sanctuary. Constantine and his retinue pursued her, forcibly dragged
687:
whose main attraction was that "he was less qualified to rule than he was to be ruled and directed by others". Theodora was unable to speak, but
Paraspondylos decided that she had nodded at an appropriate moment. Hearing of this the Patriarch refused to believe it. Eventually he was persuaded and
682:
When
Theodora was seventy-six, the patriarch Michael Keroularios advocated that Theodora advance a subject to the throne through marriage to her, in order to assure a succession. She refused to consider marriage, no matter how token. She also refused to name an heir to the throne. Theodora became
517:
Although
Theodora and Zoë appeared together at meetings of the Senate or when they gave public audiences, it was soon apparent that their joint reign was under considerable strain. Still jealous of Theodora, Zoë had no desire to administer the empire, but she would not allow Theodora to conduct
404:
to allow
Romanos to marry into the imperial family. Theodora further claimed that since Romanos and she were third cousins, it was too close a blood relationship for marriage to occur. Consequently, Constantine VIII chose Theodora's sister. Zoë married Romanos three days before her father died.
51:
529:
Constantine IX's preferential treatment of his mistress in the early part of his reign caused rumours that he was planning to murder
Theodora and Zoë. This led to a popular uprising by the citizens of Constantinople in 1044, which came dangerously close to actually harming Constantine who was
518:
public business alone. Court factions formed behind each empress. After two months of increasing acrimony between them, Zoë decided to search for a new husband, thereby denying
Theodora the opportunity to increase her influence through her obvious talents for governing. She eventually married
683:
gravely ill with an intestinal disorder in late August 1056. On 31 August her advisors, chaired by Leo Paraspondylos, met to decide whom to recommend to her as a successor. According to Psellus, they selected Michael Bringas, an aged civil servant and former
635:. However, Theodora preempted their plans when, despite her advanced age, she vigorously asserted her right to rule. She came out of retirement and convened the Senate, and the imperial guard proclaimed her "emperor" shortly before Constantine's death.
429:, with its daily religious routines. Still, Zoë persuaded her husband to appoint one of his own men as the chief of Theodora's household, with orders to spy on her. Shortly afterwards, Theodora was accused of plotting to marry the Bulgarian prince
667:
were replaced with minor functionaries. Determined to centralize as much power in her hands as possible, she presided in person in the Senate and heard appeals as supreme judge in civil cases. Her appointment of clerics offended the Patriarch
498:, the people escorted the now furious Theodora and proclaimed her empress with Zoë. They were both crowned at dawn on 21 April. After the ceremony, the mob stormed the palace, forcing Michael V to escape to a monastery.
530:
participating in a religious procession along the streets of Constantinople. The mob was only quieted by the appearance on a balcony of Zoë and Theodora, who reassured the mob they were in no danger of assassination.
579:
552:
453:
of Petrion. During a visit, Zoë compelled her sister to "assume the monastic habit." Theodora remained there for the next 11 years as Zoë managed the empire with her husbands Romanos III and, after his death,
655:
Theodora controlled the nobles and checked numerous abuses. She damaged her reputation, however, with excessive severity toward private enemies and undue employment of such menials as
526:, the powerful administrator who had been the chief minister of Romanos III, the brother of Michael IV, and the uncle of Michael V; he had lived in exile after the fall of Michael V.
368:, "born into the purple"; the appellation for a child born in the capital to a reigning emperor. Her father became co-emperor in 962 and sole emperor upon the death of his brother
396:
Intelligent and possessing a strong and austere character, Theodora defied Constantine—by then, sole emperor—by refusing to marry the man her father had chosen to succeed him,
3697:
652:
apparently wanted to proclaim emperor instead, was dismissed and exiled on Theodora's orders, after which she confiscated his estates and banished his supporters from court.
489:
Key members of the court decided that flighty Zoë needed a co-ruler, and backed the people's demand that it should be Theodora. A delegation, headed by the
1126:
619:, leaving Constantine IX to rule alone until his own death on 11 January 1055. As Constantine lay dying, he was persuaded by his councilors, chiefly the
3682:
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434:
3702:
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1908:
675:
During Theodora's sole ruling period, her coins and seals bear the inscription 'Theodora, δέσποινα (déspoina) and porphyrogenita' and 'Theodora,
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1222:
1170:
1083:
1037:
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822:
792:
283:
3707:
1915:
567:
3514:
2538:
3459:
3256:
3038:
1149:
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2504:
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2314:
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on charges of attempted regicide. This treatment of the legitimate heir to the Macedonian dynasty caused a popular uprising in
430:
3261:
3190:
2475:
2267:
2229:
2189:
2156:
1140:
745:
2735:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
638:
A purge of senior officials and the leadership of the European military units followed. Nikephoros Proteuon was arrested at
3342:
3281:
2757:
2690:
2516:
2343:
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from 21 April 1042 to her death on 31 August 1056, and sole ruler from 11 January 1055. She was the last sovereign of the
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and sent to a monastery; Theodora was not punished. In 1031 she was implicated in a similar conspiracy, this time with
3712:
3331:
2924:
2412:
2091:
1557:
1023:
684:
455:
310:
210:
138:
799:
Tʜᴇᴏᴅᴏʀᴀ, daughter of Constantine VIII, 11 Jan. 1055—31 Aug. 1056 (with her sister Zoe, 21 April 1042—11 June 1042).
2722:
2678:
2656:
2607:
2494:
2285:
2054:
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1311:
717:
341:
65:
41:
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93:
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in 1025. His reign as sole emperor lasted less than three years, from 15 December 1025 to 12 November 1028.
317:
in 1031. A decade later, the people of Constantinople rose against Michael IV's nephew and successor,
313:, kept Theodora closely watched. After two foiled plots, Theodora was exiled to an island monastery in the
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692:. Theodora died a few hours later and with her death, the Macedonian dynasty's 189-year rule ended.
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656:
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indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
3618:
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With Michael IV's death in December 1041, Zoë adopted Michael's nephew, who was crowned as
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Zoë immediately assumed power and tried to force Theodora back to her monastery, but the
470:
Miniature with the portraits of Zoë (left), Constantine IX (center) and Theodora (left).
3573:
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3113:
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1967:
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1791:
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1525:
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1336:
1326:
519:
511:
483:
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314:
256:
186:
17:
478:. Although he promised to respect Zoë, he promptly banished her to a monastery on the
375:
As an eligible imperial princess, Theodora was considered as a possible bride for the
3651:
3601:
3546:
3536:
3236:
3200:
3160:
3155:
3053:
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2712:
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2216:
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1205:
1115:
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2179:
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1992:
1854:
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her out and exchanged her monastic clothes for imperial ones. At an assembly at
3108:
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2377:
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1802:
1749:
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1405:
1353:
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689:
514:
stated that they conscientiously rectified the abuses of the previous reigns.
346:
1181:
328:, who assumed the imperial responsibilities. Theodora seemingly retired to a
3165:
3010:
2812:
2124:
2076:
1986:
1973:
1760:
1689:
1662:
1657:
1626:
1572:
1520:
1455:
1450:
450:
389:
1197:
1182:"Women Where They Ought Not to Be? Revising the View of the Medieval World"
1093:
558:
Zoë (left), Constantine IX (centre), and Theodora (right) depicted on the
425:
With the accession of Romanos, Theodora prudently retreated back into the
3321:
3246:
3129:
2995:
2980:
2392:
2174:
2066:
2019:
1979:
1961:
1881:
1816:
1796:
1766:
1739:
1734:
1719:
1709:
1679:
1587:
1582:
1530:
1505:
1500:
1465:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
659:
as her advisors. Military and court offices were filled by her household
369:
1130:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 765.
611:, with Zoë standing to the right and Constantine IX standing to the left
3276:
3210:
3180:
3063:
3048:
2867:
2326:
2029:
1936:
1849:
1704:
1480:
841:
Daily Life of Women: An Encyclopedia from Ancient Times to the Present
616:
446:
412:
329:
219:
3170:
3016:
2098:
1955:
1837:
1609:
1475:
660:
625:
John, to ignore the rights of Theodora and to pass the throne to the
442:
838:
Boyett, Colleen; Tarver, H. Micheal; Gleason, Mildred Diane (2020).
400:, stating that Romanos was already married—his wife having become a
3073:
2792:
1699:
1470:
1460:
1440:
814:
Satire in the Middle Byzantine Period: The Golden Age of Laughter?
599:
354:
Theodora was the third and youngest daughter of Byzantine Emperor
340:
1445:
1435:
2746:
1365:
784:
Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum
615:
After Zoë's death in 1050, Theodora seems to have retired to a
1162:
Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204
627:
401:
383:, in 996. However, she was overlooked in favour of her sister
321:, and insisted that Theodora return to rule alongside Zoë.
301:. After Theodora's father died in 1028, her older sister
350:
depicting Basil II and Constantine VIII holding a cross
3594:
3223:
3144:
3092:
2979:
2923:
2781:
2665:
2111:
2008:
1891:
1718:
1556:
1404:
270:
240:
230:
218:
205:
192:
175:
171:
160:
152:
137:
127:
119:
109:
99:
89:
79:
71:
64:
34:
672:, who considered this the duty of men, not women.
1029:Blood Royal: Dynastic Politics in Medieval Europe
1144:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
510:claimed the joint reign was a complete failure,
811:Marciniak, Przemysław; Nilsson, Ingela (2020).
297:Theodora was the youngest daughter of Emperor
2758:
1377:
1109:History of the Byzantine Empire from 716–1057
8:
3632:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
1234:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
55:Depiction of Theodora Porphyrogenita on the
1032:. Cambridge University Press. p. 130.
982:
980:
978:
787:. Vol. 1. Рипол Классик. p. 682.
631:(Duke) of the Byzantine Theme of Bulgaria,
433:and usurp the throne with him. Presian was
3698:Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles
3089:
2765:
2751:
2743:
1888:
1384:
1370:
1362:
1266:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
31:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
773:
771:
769:
585:15th-century portrait of Theodora in the
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
465:
449:. Theodora was forcibly confined in the
407:
765:
729:
532:
1075:Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum
282: – 31 August 1056) was
1078:. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter.
42:Empress and Autocratess of the Romans
7:
1165:. London & New York: Routledge.
1111:, William Blackwood & Sons, 1853
324:After 65 days Zoë married again, to
27:Byzantine empress from 1042 to 1056
1180:Mitchell, Linda Elizabeth (2004).
1141:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
25:
3683:11th-century Byzantine empresses
702:
578:
566:
551:
535:
415:of Theodora, miniature from the
49:
3703:Daughters of Byzantine emperors
3678:11th-century Byzantine emperors
3688:11th-century empresses regnant
663:, and such able commanders as
1:
3663:1050s in the Byzantine Empire
3658:1040s in the Byzantine Empire
3640:incidates an empress regnant.
1241:: Stanford University Press,
1231:Treadgold, Warren T. (1997),
1213:Norwich, John Julius (1993),
573:Golden seal of Theodora, 1056
276:
179:
3723:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
3673:10th-century Byzantine women
3470:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
75:21 April 1042 – 11 June 1042
3708:Byzantine empresses regnant
360:Helena, daughter of Alypius
305:co-ruled with her husbands
271:
211:Church of the Holy Apostles
3746:
2657:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2608:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2495:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1186:Journal of Women's History
1013:Garland (1999), pp. 165–66
718:List of Byzantine emperors
3627:
3505:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
3006:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
2733:
2630:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2598:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2423:Constantine IX Monomachos
1350:
1341:
1333:
1323:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1269:
1072:Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973).
847:. ABC-CLIO. p. 307.
685:military finance minister
546:of Zoë and Theodora, 1042
260:
66:Byzantine empress regnant
48:
39:
2593:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1271:Theodora Porphyrogenita
1026:, Robert (9 July 2020).
736:Sometimes enumerated as
272:Theodṓra Porphyrogénnētē
3423:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3029:Flavia Julia Constantia
2448:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2082:Tiberius II Constantine
1159:Garland, Lynda (1999).
1127:Encyclopædia Britannica
710:Byzantine Empire portal
688:Bringas was crowned as
642:and forcibly tonsured.
253:Theodora Porphyrogenita
35:Theodora Porphyrogenita
18:Theodora (11th century)
2946:Marcia Otacilia Severa
2603:Michael IX Palaiologos
1198:10.1353/jowh.2004.0031
817:. Brill. p. 386.
612:
471:
422:
351:
294:for almost 200 years.
261:Θεοδώρα Πορφυρογέννητη
3510:Theodora Palaiologina
3480:Anna Komnene Angelina
3418:Catherine of Bulgaria
3349:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
2818:Agrippina the Younger
2697:Thessalonian emperors
2691:Trapezuntine emperors
2652:John VIII Palaiologos
2647:Manuel II Palaiologos
2618:John VI Kantakouzenos
2534:Andronikos I Komnenos
2371:Constantine Lekapenos
1399:and empresses regnant
1215:Byzantium: The Apogee
779:Warwick William Wroth
679:and porphyrogenita'.
622:logothetes tou dromou
603:
469:
411:
344:
333:the Macedonian line.
299:Constantine VIII
3581:Sophia of Montferrat
3500:Anna of Hohenstaufen
3359:Theophano Martinakia
3267:Theodora of Khazaria
2900:Julia Cornelia Paula
2863:Faustina the Younger
2635:John VII Palaiologos
2583:Theodore II Laskaris
2443:Constantine X Doukas
2383:Nikephoros II Phokas
644:Nikephoros Bryennios
439:Constantine Diogenes
393:(women's quarters).
139:Byzantine co-empress
3559:Keratsa of Bulgaria
3542:Helena Kantakouzene
3522:Irene of Montferrat
3485:Philippa of Armenia
3465:Margaret of Hungary
3317:Theophano of Athens
3136:Julius Nepos's wife
2951:Herennia Etruscilla
2774:Roman and Byzantine
2566:Theodore I Laskaris
2551:Alexios III Angelos
2529:Alexios II Komnenos
2453:Romanos IV Diogenes
2408:Romanos III Argyros
2354:Romanos I Lekapenos
1217:, London: Penguin,
843:[3 volumes]
670:Michael Keroularios
646:, whom the western
633:Nikephoros Proteuon
607:mosaic of a seated
462:Co-empress with Zoë
326:Constantine IX
3713:Macedonian dynasty
3586:Maria of Trebizond
3552:Irene Palaiologina
3532:Irene of Brunswick
3490:Maria of Courtenay
3450:Bertha of Sulzbach
2858:Faustina the Elder
2833:Statilia Messalina
2685:Britannic emperors
2679:Palmyrene emperors
2613:John V Palaiologos
2556:Alexios IV Angelos
2505:Constantine Doukas
2500:Alexios I Komnenos
2488:Constantine Doukas
2471:Michael VII Doukas
2433:Michael VI Bringas
1999:Romulus Augustulus
1622:Trebonianus Gallus
1615:Herennius Etruscus
1397:Byzantine emperors
1276:Macedonian dynasty
1136:Kazhdan, Alexander
931:Zoe Porphyrogenita
613:
609:Christ Pantocrator
588:Mutinensis gr. 122
472:
423:
377:Holy Roman Emperor
352:
288:Macedonian dynasty
3645:
3644:
3614:Byzantine emperor
3443:Dobrodeia of Kiev
3219:
3218:
3023:Valeria Maximilla
2961:Cornelia Salonina
2915:Sallustia Orbiana
2740:
2739:
2578:John III Vatatzes
2524:Manuel I Komnenos
2263:Michael I Rangabe
2107:
2106:
1949:Petronius Maximus
1548:Severus Alexander
1516:Septimius Severus
1360:
1359:
1351:Succeeded by
1344:Byzantine Empress
1324:Succeeded by
1312:Byzantine Empress
1248:978-0-8047-2630-6
1224:978-0-14-011448-5
1172:978-0-415-14688-3
1102:Secondary sources
1085:978-3-11-002285-8
1039:978-1-108-49067-2
995:Norwich 276, 279.
986:Treadgold (1997).
854:978-1-4408-4693-9
824:978-90-04-44256-6
794:978-5-87507-066-2
657:Leo Paraspondylos
290:, that ruled the
284:Byzantine Empress
269:
250:
249:
113:11 January 1055 –
16:(Redirected from
3735:
3718:Porphyrogennetoi
3564:Irene Gattilusio
3475:Eudokia Angelina
3455:Maria of Antioch
3438:Irene of Hungary
3374:Zoe Karbonopsina
3354:Eudokia Ingerina
3227:Byzantine Empire
3090:
2935:Caecilia Paulina
2893:Fulvia Plautilla
2883:Manlia Scantilla
2873:Bruttia Crispina
2808:Milonia Caesonia
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2588:John IV Laskaris
2561:Alexios V Doukas
2546:Isaac II Angelos
2512:John II Komnenos
2438:Isaac I Komnenos
2398:Constantine VIII
2388:John I Tzimiskes
2115:Byzantine Empire
1889:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1334:Preceded by
1302:Preceded by
1292:
1285:
1267:
1262:Theodora coinage
1251:
1227:
1209:
1176:
1155:
1131:
1123:
1121:"Theodora"
1097:
1044:
1043:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
993:
987:
984:
973:
970:
933:
927:
921:
918:
881:
878:
859:
858:
835:
829:
828:
808:
802:
801:
775:
753:
734:
712:
707:
706:
705:
582:
570:
560:Monomachus Crown
555:
539:
480:Princes' Islands
418:Madrid Skylitzes
356:Constantine VIII
307:Romanos III
292:Byzantine Empire
281:
278:
274:
264:
262:
235:Constantine VIII
213:, Constantinople
199:
184:
181:
57:Monomachos Crown
53:
32:
21:
3745:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3623:
3590:
3527:Rita of Armenia
3515:Anna of Hungary
3495:Irene Laskarina
3460:Agnes of France
3428:Maria of Alania
3379:Helena Lekapene
3229:
3226:
3215:
3148:
3140:
3124:Marcia Euphemia
3119:Licinia Eudoxia
3096:
3088:
3079:Aelia Flaccilla
3001:Galeria Valeria
2983:
2975:
2956:Cornelia Supera
2927:
2919:
2848:Pompeia Plotina
2843:Domitia Longina
2838:Galeria Fundana
2823:Claudia Octavia
2798:Livia Orestilla
2785:
2777:
2771:
2741:
2736:
2729:
2673:Gallic emperors
2661:
2349:Constantine VII
2130:Constantine III
2117:
2114:
2103:
2012:
2004:
1943:Valentinian III
1931:Constantius III
1925:Priscus Attalus
1909:Constantine III
1895:
1887:
1777:Valerius Valens
1722:
1714:
1560:
1552:
1511:Didius Julianus
1491:Marcus Aurelius
1408:
1400:
1390:
1356:
1347:
1339:
1329:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1258:
1249:
1230:
1225:
1212:
1179:
1173:
1158:
1152:
1134:
1114:
1107:George Finlay,
1104:
1086:
1071:
1062:Michael Psellus
1058:
1056:Primary sources
1053:
1051:General sources
1048:
1047:
1040:
1024:Robert Bartlett
1022:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:Finlay, pg. 503
1003:
999:
994:
990:
985:
976:
971:
936:
928:
924:
919:
884:
879:
862:
855:
837:
836:
832:
825:
810:
809:
805:
795:
777:
776:
767:
762:
757:
756:
735:
731:
726:
708:
703:
701:
698:
598:
596:Return to power
591:
583:
574:
571:
562:
556:
547:
540:
524:John the Eunuch
508:Michael Psellus
464:
421:, 12th century.
398:Romanos Argyros
339:
311:Michael IV
279:
214:
200:
197:
196:31 August 1056
185:
182:
148:
142:
114:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3574:Anna of Moscow
3566:
3561:
3556:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3435:
3433:Irene Doukaina
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3369:Eudokia Baïana
3366:
3364:Zoe Zaoutzaina
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3307:Maria of Amnia
3304:
3296:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3146:Eastern Empire
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Galla Placidia
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:Western Empire
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2966:Ulpia Severina
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2910:Annia Faustina
2907:
2905:Aquilia Severa
2902:
2897:
2885:
2880:
2878:Flavia Titiana
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2828:Poppaea Sabina
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2803:Lollia Paulina
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2786:27 BC – AD 235
2779:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2632:
2627:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2492:
2468:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2428:Theodora (III)
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2324:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2290:
2278:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2243:Constantine VI
2240:
2235:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:Theodosius III
2204:
2199:
2194:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2152:Constantine IV
2149:
2144:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:Eastern Empire
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:Western Empire
1886:
1885:
1878:
1866:Magnus Maximus
1862:
1860:Valentinian II
1857:
1852:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1792:Constantius II
1789:
1787:Constantine II
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1619:
1607:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1486:Antoninus Pius
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1409:27 BC – AD 235
1402:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1340:
1337:Constantine IX
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:Constantine IX
1325:
1322:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1297:Regnal titles
1294:
1293:
1291:31 August 1056
1273:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1256:External links
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1228:
1223:
1210:
1192:(1): 183–189.
1177:
1171:
1156:
1150:
1138:, ed. (1991).
1132:
1118:, ed. (1911).
1116:Chisholm, Hugh
1112:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1084:
1069:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
974:
934:
922:
882:
860:
853:
830:
823:
803:
793:
764:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
728:
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
714:
713:
697:
694:
665:Isaac Komnenos
597:
594:
593:
592:
584:
577:
575:
572:
565:
563:
557:
550:
548:
541:
534:
520:Constantine IX
512:John Scylitzes
484:Constantinople
463:
460:
365:Porphyrogenita
338:
335:
319:Michael V
315:Sea of Marmara
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
216:
215:
209:
207:
203:
202:
201:Constantinople
194:
190:
189:
187:Constantinople
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:Constantine IX
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
145:Constantine IX
141:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
123:Constantine IX
121:
117:
116:
115:31 August 1056
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
94:Constantine IX
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
62:
61:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3741:
3740:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3602:Roman emperor
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3569:Helena Dragaš
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3547:Irene Asanina
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Anna of Savoy
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:Fabia Eudokia
3235:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Ino Anastasia
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Aelia Eudocia
3159:
3157:
3156:Aelia Eudoxia
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Marina Severa
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2971:Magnia Urbica
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2732:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2310:Theodora (II)
2308:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:Constantine V
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Anastasius II
2200:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
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2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
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2056:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Theodosius II
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1972:
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1965:
1963:
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1958:
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1946:
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1932:
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1918:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1906:
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1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Valentinian I
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1755:Constantine I
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Constantius I
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
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1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1665:
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1641:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1620:
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1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
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1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
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1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
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1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
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1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
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1459:
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1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
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1429:
1427:
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1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1151:0-19-504652-8
1147:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:Chronographia
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
989:
983:
981:
979:
975:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
935:
932:
926:
923:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
883:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
861:
856:
850:
846:
845:
842:
834:
831:
826:
820:
816:
815:
807:
804:
800:
796:
790:
786:
785:
780:
774:
772:
770:
766:
759:
751:
750:Theodora (II)
747:
743:
739:
733:
730:
723:
719:
716:
715:
711:
700:
695:
693:
691:
686:
680:
678:
673:
671:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
650:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
629:
624:
623:
618:
610:
606:
602:
595:
590:
589:
581:
576:
569:
564:
561:
554:
549:
545:
538:
533:
531:
527:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
504:
499:
497:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
468:
461:
459:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
419:
414:
410:
406:
403:
399:
394:
392:
391:
386:
382:
379:in the west,
378:
373:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
349:
348:
343:
336:
334:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
273:
267:
258:
254:
246:
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
195:
191:
188:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
58:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3572:
3550:
3513:
3441:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3341:
3299:
3291:
3128:
3021:
2941:Tranquillina
2891:
2853:Vibia Sabina
2640:Andronikos V
2638:
2621:
2569:
2537:
2515:
2503:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2462:
2456:
2427:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2330:
2313:
2301:
2284:
2272:
2266:
2253:Nikephoros I
2228:
2227:
2221:
2188:
2185:Justinian II
2180:Tiberius III
2170:Justinian II
2161:
2155:
2138:
2090:
2062:Anastasius I
2053:
1997:
1993:Julius Nepos
1985:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1855:Theodosius I
1842:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1772:Maximinus II
1759:
1661:
1644:
1631:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1534:
1496:Lucius Verus
1342:
1310:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1239:Stanford, CA
1233:
1214:
1189:
1185:
1161:
1139:
1125:
1108:
1074:
1065:
1028:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
930:
925:
844:
840:
833:
813:
806:
798:
783:
746:Theodora (I)
738:Theodora III
737:
732:
681:
674:
654:
647:
640:Thessalonica
637:
626:
620:
614:
605:Hagia Sophia
586:
543:
528:
516:
500:
496:Hagia Sophia
488:
473:
426:
424:
416:
395:
388:
374:
363:
353:
345:
323:
296:
252:
251:
40:
29:
3693:980s births
3668:1056 deaths
3634:underlining
3206:Constantina
2888:Julia Domna
2699:(1224–1242)
2693:(1204–1461)
2482:Konstantios
2359:Christopher
2332:Constantine
2322:Michael III
2303:Constantine
2286:Constantine
2268:Theophylact
2197:Philippicus
2147:Constans II
2072:Justinian I
1968:Severus III
1916:Constans II
1670:Claudius II
1646:Silbannacus
1593:Gordian III
1568:Maximinus I
1536:Diadumenian
742:Justinian I
167:(1042–1055)
120:Predecessor
80:Predecessor
3652:Categories
3337:Euphrosyne
3109:Thermantia
3069:Constantia
2783:Principate
2476:Andronikos
2464:Nikephoros
2413:Michael IV
2378:Romanos II
2298:Theophilos
2293:Michael II
2274:Staurakios
2258:Staurakios
2230:Nikephoros
2223:Artabasdos
2135:Heraclonas
2092:Theodosius
2050:Basiliscus
1810:Nepotianus
1803:Magnentius
1797:Constans I
1750:Severus II
1730:Diocletian
1675:Quintillus
1640:Aemilianus
1633:Volusianus
1578:Gordian II
1543:Elagabalus
1406:Principate
1354:Michael VI
1348:1055–1056
690:Michael VI
544:histamenon
456:Michael IV
362:. She was
347:Histamenon
337:Early life
280: 980
225:Macedonian
183: 980
132:Michael VI
100:Co-monarch
3389:Theophano
3327:Theodosia
3302:of Athens
3257:Anastasia
3166:Pulcheria
3011:Minervina
2813:Messalina
2776:empresses
2718:Classical
2703:Empresses
2687:(286–296)
2681:(267–273)
2675:(260–274)
2418:Michael V
2344:Alexander
2157:Heraclius
2125:Heraclius
2077:Justin II
1987:Glycerius
1974:Anthemius
1844:Procopius
1782:Martinian
1761:Maxentius
1690:Florianus
1663:Saloninus
1658:Gallienus
1627:Hostilian
1603:Philip II
1573:Gordian I
1521:Caracalla
1456:Vespasian
1451:Vitellius
1305:Michael V
1206:144044065
929:Garland,
760:Citations
491:patrician
476:Michael V
451:monastery
427:gynaeceum
390:gynaeceum
266:romanized
198:(aged 76)
156:1042–1055
128:Successor
110:2nd reign
90:Successor
84:Michael V
72:1st reign
3728:Augustae
3619:Augustae
3595:See also
3412:Theodora
3394:Theodora
3384:Theodora
3343:Theodora
3322:Prokopia
3312:Theodote
3247:Gregoria
3230:610–1453
3225:Eastern/
3191:Theodora
3186:Euphemia
3130:Placidia
3039:Faustina
2996:Eutropia
2981:Dominate
2713:Usurpers
2708:Augustae
2666:See also
2571:Nicholas
2393:Basil II
2190:Tiberius
2175:Leontius
2163:Tiberius
2140:Tiberius
2118:610–1453
2113:Eastern/
2067:Justin I
2020:Arcadius
1980:Olybrius
1962:Majorian
1903:Honorius
1882:Eugenius
1817:Vetranio
1767:Licinius
1740:Galerius
1735:Maximian
1720:Dominate
1710:Numerian
1680:Aurelian
1653:Valerian
1598:Philip I
1588:Balbinus
1583:Pupienus
1531:Macrinus
1506:Pertinax
1501:Commodus
1466:Domitian
1431:Claudius
1426:Caligula
1421:Tiberius
1416:Augustus
781:(1908).
744:'s wife
740:, after
696:See also
381:Otto III
370:Basil II
3630:Italics
3287:Eudokia
3277:Tzitzak
3262:Eudokia
3242:Martina
3211:Leontia
3181:Zenonis
3176:Ariadne
3149:395–610
3097:395–480
3064:Domnica
3059:Justina
3049:Charito
3034:Eusebia
2984:284–610
2928:235–285
2868:Lucilla
2723:Eastern
2623:Matthew
2517:Alexios
2365:Stephen
2327:Basil I
2212:Leo III
2087:Maurice
2030:Marcian
2013:395–610
1937:Joannes
1896:395–480
1850:Gratian
1723:284–610
1705:Carinus
1685:Tacitus
1561:235–285
1481:Hadrian
1094:1025783
972:Finlay.
920:Norwich
880:Kazhdan
677:Augusta
661:eunuchs
649:tagmata
617:convent
447:Sirmium
435:blinded
431:Presian
413:Tonsure
330:convent
268::
220:Dynasty
161:Emperor
143:(under
3399:Helena
3332:Thekla
3252:Fausta
3196:Sophia
3171:Verina
3044:Helena
3017:Fausta
2991:Prisca
2925:Crisis
2485:&
2461:&
2368:&
2339:Leo VI
2315:Thekla
2271:&
2238:Leo IV
2160:&
2099:Phocas
2055:Marcus
2040:Leo II
1956:Avitus
1873:Victor
1838:Valens
1828:Jovian
1823:Julian
1695:Probus
1630:&
1610:Decius
1558:Crisis
1476:Trajan
1287:
1245:
1221:
1204:
1169:
1148:
1092:
1082:
1036:
851:
821:
791:
503:Senate
443:Archon
441:, the
245:Helena
241:Mother
231:Father
206:Burial
3300:Irene
3282:Maria
3272:Maria
3104:Maria
3084:Galla
3074:Laeta
2793:Livia
2281:Leo V
2248:Irene
2035:Leo I
1700:Carus
1471:Nerva
1461:Titus
1441:Galba
1393:Roman
1318:with
1289:Died:
1282:Born:
1202:S2CID
724:Notes
542:Gold
257:Greek
153:Reign
3638:bold
3607:list
3571:(w.
3549:(w.
3512:(w.
3440:(w.
3293:Anna
2890:(w.
2637:(w.
2620:(w.
2568:(w.
2539:John
2536:(w.
2514:(w.
2502:(w.
2473:(w.
2455:(w.
2356:(w.
2329:(w.
2312:(w.
2300:(w.
2283:(w.
2265:(w.
2226:(w.
2187:(w.
2154:(w.
2137:(w.
2089:(w.
2052:(w.
2045:Zeno
1912:(w.
1869:(w.
1660:(w.
1624:(w.
1612:(w.
1600:(w.
1533:(w.
1526:Geta
1446:Otho
1436:Nero
1395:and
1316:1042
1243:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1090:OCLC
1080:ISBN
1034:ISBN
849:ISBN
819:ISBN
789:ISBN
628:doux
358:and
309:and
193:Died
176:Born
3405:Zoë
3013:(?)
2937:(?)
2458:Leo
2403:Zoe
1649:(?)
1320:Zoe
1284:984
1194:doi
445:of
402:nun
385:Zoë
303:Zoë
104:Zoe
3654::
2479:,
2362:,
1237:,
1200:.
1190:16
1188:.
1184:.
1124:.
1088:.
1064:,
977:^
937:^
885:^
863:^
797:.
768:^
458:.
277:c.
275:;
263:,
259::
180:c.
147:)
3577:)
3555:)
3518:)
3446:)
2896:)
2766:e
2759:t
2752:v
2643:)
2626:)
2574:)
2542:)
2520:)
2508:)
2491:)
2467:)
2374:)
2335:)
2318:)
2306:)
2289:)
2277:)
2234:)
2193:)
2166:)
2143:)
2095:)
2058:)
1920:)
1877:)
1666:)
1636:)
1618:)
1606:)
1539:)
1385:e
1378:t
1371:v
1208:.
1196::
1175:.
1154:.
1096:.
1068:.
1042:.
857:.
827:.
752:.
255:(
59:.
20:)
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