542:
368:
989:
518:
479:
336:
395:
498:
276:
436:, a celebrated general and opponent of Bringas. In return for her hand, the childless Nikephoros gave his sacred pledge to protect her children and their interests. Three months after Romanos' death, supporters of Nikephoros ousted Bringas from power. Nikephoros was crowned emperor in the presence of his nominal co-emperors, Constantine and Basil. A month later he married their mother.
578:, who showed promise of being a weak ruler whom they could control. Characteristically, Constantine acquiesced to this preference. Romanos was named as the new imperial heir, and compelled to divorce his wife and marry Zoe. The wedding took place on 12 November and Romanos was crowned four days later.
460:
Constantine was tall, graceful, and athletic in his youth, enjoying an excellent speaking voice and a good grasp of rhetoric. He participated in wrestling competitions— which he brought back into fashion— and in the training and riding of horses. Alongside these active pursuits he was a gourmet and a
513:
Basil II had an illustrious reign, pursuing both government reforms and a series of successful wars. He died childless on 15 December 1025 and
Constantine, a sixty-five-year-old widower, became the sole emperor as Constantine VIII. During his long term as co-emperor, he had been content to enjoy the
529:
The
Byzantine aristocracy had been rigorously controlled by Basil II. By comparison, they judged Constantine to be "evoid of any semblance of moral fibre", and worked steadily to extract concessions from him. Unqualified men received senior government posts, and Basil's land laws were dropped under
1341:: "Nona Novembris die, indictione 12, anno 6537, subito morbo correptus Constantinus... triduo post Constantinus vivendi finem fecit, cum vixisset annos." The Latin translation indicates that he fell ill on the 9th and died 3 days later. However, the text could also be interpreted as
558:
The start of the decline of the
Byzantine Empire has been linked to Constantine's accession to the throne. His reign has been described as "an unmitigated disaster", "a break up of the system" and the cause of "a collapse of the military power of the Empire".
457:. Constantine had no comparable interest in state business, and never developed any. Apart from participating in a military campaign in 989, which ended without any combat, he passed his years as Basil's colleague in the pursuit of private interests.
452:
Tzimiskes died in
January 976, when Constantine was sixteen years old. Basil and Constantine became the new heads of state; nominally the brothers were equals, but Basil devoted himself to the responsibilities of his office and emerged as the senior
443:
was acclaimed emperor. Fearing that the empress' many enemies would damage his political prospects, Tzimiskes turned against
Theophano and sent her into exile. Constantine and Basil stayed in the capital and retained their status as co-emperors.
534:. These interactions with Constantine were not without risk; when challenged, or led to suspect conspiracies, the emperor responded with impulsive cruelty. Condemned members of the elite suffered torture or were sentenced to
419:
Romanos died suddenly in 963. Although
Constantine was only three years old, he had already been crowned co-emperor in the preceding year, probably on 30 March. The widowed Theophano installed herself as
566:, a senior aristocrat and member of one of the few powerful patrician families who had been unswervingly loyal to the Macedonian dynasty. Constantine Dalassenos was summoned from his estates in the
514:
privileges of imperial status, without concerning himself with state affairs. Sole rulership did not fundamentally alter this desire "to pass his life wallowing in extravagant pleasures".
40:
570:, with the intention that he should certify his position as successor by marrying the emperor's daughter Zoe. Before Dalassenos completed his journey to
562:
He ruled for less than three years before his death, on 11 or 12 November 1028. On his deathbed and without a male heir, Constantine named as successor
535:
3351:
3346:
1957:
563:
541:
2482:
255:
Constantine displayed a lifelong lack of interest in politics, statecraft and the military, and during his brief sole reign the government of the
3336:
3331:
3326:
1330:
319:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3276:
3144:
1786:
1719:
1673:
1592:
1562:
1534:
1499:
425:
302:, an innkeeper's daughter described by contemporaries as ambitious and amoral. Aged eight, Constantine was engaged to a daughter of Emperor
2489:
1841:
3401:
3112:
1519:
1762:
1814:
1697:
1623:
3391:
3078:
3061:
2888:
2876:
367:
3049:
2841:
2803:
2763:
2730:
1688:
1643:
1614:
1356:
3309:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
3264:
3090:
2917:
2883:
2847:
2736:
2905:
1950:
356:
240:. Basil's death in 1025 left Constantine as the sole emperor. He occupied the throne for 66 years in total, making him
3386:
2986:
2665:
2131:
792:
517:
307:
128:
3296:
3252:
3230:
3181:
3068:
2859:
2628:
1970:
1893:
1554:
1002:
478:
30:
3396:
3203:
3171:
2996:
2176:
1806:
929:
522:
299:
225:
188:
3213:
3166:
2713:
2360:
39:
3021:
3001:
2775:
2655:
1943:
994:
335:
153:
143:
3291:
3270:
3176:
1966:
245:
3225:
3220:
3196:
3191:
3107:
2944:
2932:
2703:
2328:
1836:
1302:
3341:
3208:
3156:
3016:
2991:
2956:
2871:
2785:
2635:
2466:
1935:
1907:
1772:
1026:
439:
Six years later, Nikephoros was murdered at
Theophano's instigation and her lover and co-conspirator
303:
229:
394:
3356:
3139:
3124:
3102:
3037:
3026:
2981:
2927:
2417:
2355:
2318:
1707:
734:
575:
546:
96:
497:
3186:
3129:
3073:
3055:
3044:
3006:
2976:
2854:
2572:
2476:
2226:
2195:
2188:
1857:
1729:
315:
295:
264:
168:
148:
1374:
3381:
3151:
3097:
2938:
2836:
2811:
2660:
2522:
2258:
2243:
2121:
2089:
1810:
1782:
1758:
1739:
1715:
1693:
1683:
1669:
1647:
1619:
1609:
1588:
1558:
1530:
1495:
1338:
1324:
217:
135:
56:
1831:
1752:
1604:
3281:
3258:
3161:
3134:
3119:
3085:
3011:
2961:
2686:
2613:
2583:
2446:
2401:
2396:
2268:
1913:
1796:
1491:
1361:
1030:
672:
551:
256:
233:
2922:
2912:
2821:
2608:
2516:
2504:
2498:
2350:
2171:
2141:
2084:
2064:
1479:
1311:
1065:
1048:
760:
640:
614:
352:
260:
2816:
2780:
2725:
2618:
2541:
2439:
2433:
2365:
2345:
2099:
2059:
1633:
1544:
1509:
1053:
571:
567:
440:
429:
404:
343:
200:
1307:
3320:
3286:
3246:
2790:
2598:
2406:
1733:
1659:
1513:
1484:
574:, the situation had changed. The emperor's advisors preferred a different candidate,
433:
379:
280:
259:
suffered from mismanagement and neglect. He had no sons and was instead succeeded by
1314:', that is, the day before 12 November (unless it's referring to the very same day).
3031:
2826:
2758:
2753:
2743:
2566:
2428:
2069:
48:
275:
1800:
1776:
1663:
228:. He was nominal co-emperor since 962, successively with his father; stepfather,
2895:
2770:
2720:
2645:
2219:
2166:
2109:
1927:
1637:
2951:
2866:
2831:
2796:
2708:
2623:
2383:
2376:
2323:
2303:
2248:
2213:
2206:
2151:
2116:
1979:
1901:
1886:
1526:
1022:
984:
698:
485:
374:
348:
291:
221:
178:
73:
1743:
1548:
2698:
2650:
2560:
2547:
2334:
2263:
2236:
2231:
2200:
2146:
2094:
2029:
2024:
1651:
1310:: "mortuus est Constantinus Imperator in vigilia S. Martini." On the eve of
2966:
2748:
2640:
2593:
2553:
2535:
2455:
2390:
2370:
2340:
2313:
2308:
2293:
2283:
2253:
2161:
2156:
2104:
2079:
2074:
2039:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1919:
1034:
531:
383:
311:
287:
249:
237:
86:
2900:
2603:
2510:
2423:
2278:
2054:
1381:
gives 11 November, although it also gives Basil's death as 12 December.
213:
163:
2672:
2529:
2411:
2183:
2049:
421:
310:. Of their three daughters, Eudokia became a nun after contracting
2273:
2044:
2034:
2014:
1618:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 503–504.
540:
516:
322:
reigned for 18 months as the last monarch of the
Macedonian line.
274:
2019:
2009:
1102:
1100:
1098:
462:
45:
1939:
1665:
Byzantine
Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204
1201:
1199:
220:
from 962 until his death. He was the younger son of
Emperor
428:
with supporters, but she faced competition for power with
286:
Constantine was born in 960, two years after his brother
1064:), although the epithet is almost exclusively used for
545:
Emperor Constantine VIII (left) orders the blinding of
432:, a former advisor of Romanos. Theophano allied with
1077:
Sources do not agree on the exact date of his death.
3239:
2685:
2582:
2465:
2292:
2130:
1978:
1430:, "Macedonian dynasty" genealogical table, p. 1263.
306:but in the end, he married a Byzantine aristocrat,
184:
174:
162:
134:
124:
114:
106:
102:
92:
82:
72:
62:
55:
44:Contemporary miniature of Constantine VIII, from a
23:
1603:
1483:
1754:The Portrait in Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts
1692:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1453:
1451:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
525:as patriarch (top) by Emperor Constantine VIII.
1951:
8:
1802:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1438:
1436:
461:gourmand, leading in later years to chronic
1738:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
1494:(E.R.A. Sewter ed.). London: Penguin.
1402:
1277:
1253:
1205:
1154:
1118:
1106:
2462:
1958:
1944:
1936:
1848:
1781:(in French). Paris, France: Albin Michel.
1778:Un Moyen Âge Grec: Byzance, IXe–XVe siècle
1460:, "Lekapenos" (A. Kazhdan), pp. 1203–1204.
595:
586:
20:
1550:A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057
1525:(Hans Thurn ed.). Berlin-New York:
279:Constantine VIII's father (left) in the
1442:
1390:
1289:
1265:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1190:
1166:
1142:
1130:
1094:
1014:
564:Constantine Dalessenos, Duke of Antioch
836:
832:
822:
714:
604:
600:
355:(left) and Romanos II (right), with a
211:; 960 – 11/12 November 1028) was
1639:The Armenians in the Byzantine Empire
933:
927:
917:
905:
895:
891:
879:
876:
866:
854:
844:
840:
816:
806:
790:
780:
776:
764:
758:
748:
732:
722:
718:
702:
696:
686:
670:
660:
656:
644:
638:
628:
612:
608:
294:, the sixth Byzantine emperor of the
7:
1842:Prosopography of the Byzantine World
506:of Constantine VIII as sole emperor.
465:which impaired his ability to walk.
1520:Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae
1178:
1689:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1668:. London and New York: Routledge.
1615:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1345:his illness, that is, 11 November.
66:15 December 1025 –
31:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
16:Byzantine emperor from 962 to 1028
14:
1602:Brand, C. M.; Cutler, A. (1991).
530:pressure from the aristocracy of
987:
496:
489:of Constantine VIII and Basil II
477:
393:
366:
334:
38:
3352:11th-century Byzantine emperors
3347:10th-century Byzantine emperors
1457:
1427:
1735:History of The Byzantine State
1553:. Translated by John Wortley.
318:was empress for 22 years, and
1:
3337:1020s in the Byzantine Empire
3332:1010s in the Byzantine Empire
3327:1000s in the Byzantine Empire
1751:Spatharakis, Ioannis (1976).
877:6. Krateros (a tavern keeper)
590:Ancestors of Constantine VIII
424:for her sons and stocked the
244:the longest-reigning amongst
3377:990s in the Byzantine Empire
3372:980s in the Byzantine Empire
3367:970s in the Byzantine Empire
3362:960s in the Byzantine Empire
1644:Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
1379:Chronica byzantina breviora
1169:, pp. 174–75, 183–190.
308:Helena, daughter of Alypius
3420:
3402:Sons of Byzantine emperors
3231:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3182:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3069:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1555:Cambridge University Press
1003:List of Byzantine emperors
834:
708:
602:
407:crowned by the Virgin Mary
263:, husband of his daughter
3307:
3204:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3172:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2997:Constantine IX Monomachos
1924:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1851:
1807:Stanford University Press
1057:
911:
893:
885:
860:
842:
838:
800:
778:
770:
742:
720:
716:
680:
658:
650:
622:
606:
204:
37:
28:
3167:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1837:Constantine VIII profile
1832:Constantine VIII coinage
1805:. Stanford, California:
1587:. London: I. B. Tauris.
3392:Medieval child monarchs
3022:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2656:Tiberius II Constantine
1107:Brand & Cutler 1991
995:Byzantine Empire portal
3177:Michael IX Palaiologos
555:
526:
298:, and his second wife
283:
3271:Thessalonian emperors
3265:Trapezuntine emperors
3226:John VIII Palaiologos
3221:Manuel II Palaiologos
3192:John VI Kantakouzenos
3108:Andronikos I Komnenos
2945:Constantine Lekapenos
1973:and empresses regnant
1712:Byzantium: the Apogee
1303:Lupus Protospatharius
544:
520:
290:. Their parents were
278:
3209:John VII Palaiologos
3157:Theodore II Laskaris
3017:Constantine X Doukas
2957:Nikephoros II Phokas
1908:Nikephoros II Phokas
1708:Norwich, John Julius
1515:Synopsis historiarum
1292:, pp. 283, 268.
1244:, pp. 267, 269.
1027:Nikephoros II Phokas
549:,miniature from the
304:Boris II of Bulgaria
230:Nikephoros II Phokas
3140:Theodore I Laskaris
3125:Alexios III Angelos
3103:Alexios II Komnenos
3027:Romanos IV Diogenes
2982:Romanos III Argyros
2928:Romanos I Lekapenos
1730:Ostrogorsky, George
1714:. London: Penguin.
1585:A Byzantine Journey
1445:, pp. 126, 128
1343:the third day since
1109:, pp. 503–504.
735:Romanos I Lekapenos
547:Nikephoros Komnenos
426:imperial government
118:11/12 November 1028
3387:Macedonian dynasty
3259:Britannic emperors
3253:Palmyrene emperors
3187:John V Palaiologos
3130:Alexios IV Angelos
3079:Constantine Doukas
3074:Alexios I Komnenos
3062:Constantine Doukas
3045:Michael VII Doukas
3007:Michael VI Bringas
2573:Romulus Augustulus
2196:Trebonianus Gallus
2189:Herennius Etruscus
1971:Byzantine emperors
1858:Macedonian dynasty
1773:Patlagean, Évelyne
1684:Kazhdan, Alexander
1646:Armenian Library.
1610:Kazhdan, Alexander
1605:"Constantine VIII"
1583:Ash, John (1995).
1364:gives 12 November.
1232:, pp. 242–43.
1145:, pp. 165–66.
556:
527:
359:Christ on reverse.
296:Macedonian dynasty
284:
246:all Roman emperors
169:Macedonian dynasty
3314:
3313:
3152:John III Vatatzes
3098:Manuel I Komnenos
2837:Michael I Rangabe
2681:
2680:
2523:Petronius Maximus
2122:Severus Alexander
2090:Septimius Severus
1934:
1933:
1925:Succeeded by
1894:Byzantine emperor
1853:Constantine VIII
1797:Treadgold, Warren
1788:978-2-226-17110-8
1721:978-0-670-80252-4
1675:978-0-415-14688-3
1594:978-1-86064-015-5
1576:Secondary sources
1564:978-0-521-76705-7
1536:978-3-11-002285-8
1501:978-0-14-044169-7
1354:According to the
1325:Georgius Cedrenus
1121:, pp. 91–95.
977:
976:
973:
972:
523:Alexius Stoudites
434:Nikephoros Phokas
218:Byzantine emperor
194:
193:
57:Byzantine emperor
3409:
3397:Porphyrogennetoi
3162:John IV Laskaris
3135:Alexios V Doukas
3120:Isaac II Angelos
3086:John II Komnenos
3012:Isaac I Komnenos
2972:Constantine VIII
2962:John I Tzimiskes
2689:Byzantine Empire
2463:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1937:
1914:John I Tzimiskes
1884:Preceded by
1874:
1873:11 November 1028
1867:
1849:
1820:
1792:
1768:
1747:
1725:
1703:
1679:
1655:
1629:
1607:
1598:
1568:
1540:
1505:
1492:Penguin classics
1489:
1480:Psellus, Michael
1461:
1455:
1446:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1406:
1403:Ostrogorsky 1957
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1362:Yahya of Antioch
1352:
1346:
1321:
1315:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1278:Ostrogorsky 1957
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1254:Ostrogorsky 1957
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1206:Ostrogorsky 1957
1203:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1155:Ostrogorsky 1957
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1119:Spatharakis 1976
1116:
1110:
1104:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1062:Porphyrogénnetos
1059:
1044:
1038:
1031:John I Tzimiskes
1021:Co-Emperor with
1019:
997:
992:
991:
990:
819:Constantine VIII
673:Zoe Carbonopsina
596:
587:
552:Madrid Skylitzes
500:
481:
397:
370:
338:
257:Byzantine Empire
234:John I Tzimiskes
206:
197:Constantine VIII
68:11 November 1028
42:
24:Constantine VIII
21:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3247:Gallic emperors
3235:
2923:Constantine VII
2704:Constantine III
2691:
2688:
2677:
2586:
2578:
2517:Valentinian III
2505:Constantius III
2499:Priscus Attalus
2483:Constantine III
2469:
2461:
2351:Valerius Valens
2296:
2288:
2134:
2126:
2085:Didius Julianus
2065:Marcus Aurelius
1982:
1974:
1964:
1930:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1795:
1789:
1771:
1765:
1750:
1728:
1722:
1706:
1700:
1682:
1676:
1658:
1634:Charanis, Peter
1632:
1626:
1601:
1595:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1565:
1545:Skylitzes, John
1543:
1537:
1510:Skylitzes, John
1508:
1502:
1478:
1474:
1472:Primary sources
1469:
1464:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1372:
1368:
1353:
1349:
1322:
1318:
1312:Martin of Tours
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1066:Constantine VII
1058:Πορφυρογέννητος
1049:Porphyrogenitus
1045:
1041:
1020:
1016:
1011:
993:
988:
986:
983:
978:
761:Helena Lekapene
641:Constantine VII
615:Leo VI the Wise
584:
576:Romanos Argyros
521:Appointment of
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
501:
492:
491:
490:
482:
471:
450:
417:
412:
411:
410:
409:
408:
398:
389:
388:
387:
371:
362:
361:
360:
353:Constantine VII
339:
328:
273:
261:Romanos Argyros
236:; and brother,
158:
119:
67:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3206:
3201:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3066:
3042:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3002:Theodora (III)
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2898:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2864:
2852:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:Constantine VI
2814:
2809:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:Theodosius III
2778:
2773:
2768:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2726:Constantine IV
2723:
2718:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:Eastern Empire
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:Western Empire
2460:
2459:
2452:
2440:Magnus Maximus
2436:
2434:Valentinian II
2431:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2366:Constantius II
2363:
2361:Constantine II
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
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2193:
2181:
2169:
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2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:Antoninus Pius
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1983:27 BC – AD 235
1976:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1879:Regnal titles
1876:
1875:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1827:
1826:External links
1824:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1793:
1787:
1769:
1764:978-9004047839
1763:
1748:
1726:
1720:
1704:
1698:
1686:, ed. (1991).
1680:
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1660:Garland, Lynda
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1443:Garland (1999)
1432:
1407:
1405:, p. 322.
1395:
1393:, p. 269.
1383:
1375:Chronicle 15/7
1366:
1347:
1316:
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1282:
1280:, p. 283.
1270:
1268:, p. 268.
1258:
1256:, p. 265.
1246:
1234:
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1220:, p. 231.
1210:
1208:, p. 264.
1195:
1193:, p. 240.
1183:
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1171:
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1147:
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572:Constantinople
568:Armeniac Theme
502:
495:
494:
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483:
476:
475:
474:
473:
472:
470:
467:
449:
446:
441:John Tzimiskes
430:Joseph Bringas
416:
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405:John Tzimiskes
399:
392:
391:
390:
372:
365:
364:
363:
340:
333:
332:
331:
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272:
269:
192:
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176:
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26:
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15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
3415:
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3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
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3388:
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3383:
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3370:
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3360:
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3355:
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3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
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3306:
3298:
3295:
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3257:
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3141:
3138:
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3133:
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3128:
3126:
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3118:
3115:
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3109:
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2914:
2911:
2908:
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2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2884:Theodora (II)
2882:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2853:
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2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2791:Constantine V
2789:
2787:
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2779:
2777:
2776:Anastasius II
2774:
2772:
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2654:
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2647:
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2639:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2599:Theodosius II
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
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2558:
2556:
2555:
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2527:
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2520:
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2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
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2500:
2496:
2493:
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2491:
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2484:
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2474:
2472:
2468:
2464:
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2427:
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2422:
2420:
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2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Valentinian I
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
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2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:Constantine I
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Constantius I
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1816:0-8047-2630-2
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1699:0-19-504652-8
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1625:0-19-504652-8
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1486:Chronographia
1481:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1420:
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1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
985:
980:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
942:
939:
937:
936:
931:
925:
924:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
908:
903:
902:
899:
898:
889:
888:
883:
882:
874:
873:
870:
869:
864:
863:
858:
857:
852:
851:
848:
847:
830:
829:
826:
825:
820:
814:
813:
810:
809:
804:
803:
798:
797:
794:
788:
787:
784:
783:
774:
773:
768:
767:
762:
756:
755:
752:
751:
746:
745:
740:
739:
736:
730:
729:
726:
725:
712:
711:
706:
705:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
684:
683:
678:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
663:
654:
653:
648:
647:
642:
636:
635:
632:
631:
626:
625:
620:
619:
616:
610:
598:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
554:
553:
548:
543:
539:
537:
533:
524:
519:
515:
505:
499:
488:
487:
480:
468:
466:
464:
458:
456:
447:
445:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
414:
406:
402:
396:
385:
381:
380:Nikephoros II
377:
376:
369:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
337:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
282:
281:Romanos Ivory
277:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
215:
210:
202:
198:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:
161:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
141:
139:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
75:
71:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
47:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3214:Andronikos V
3212:
3195:
3143:
3111:
3089:
3077:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3036:
3030:
2971:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2904:
2887:
2875:
2858:
2846:
2840:
2827:Nikephoros I
2802:
2801:
2795:
2762:
2759:Justinian II
2754:Tiberius III
2744:Justinian II
2735:
2729:
2712:
2664:
2636:Anastasius I
2627:
2571:
2567:Julius Nepos
2559:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2481:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2429:Theodosius I
2416:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2346:Maximinus II
2333:
2235:
2218:
2205:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2108:
2070:Lucius Verus
1892:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1840:
1801:
1777:
1753:
1734:
1711:
1687:
1664:
1638:
1613:
1584:
1549:
1522:
1514:
1485:
1467:Bibliography
1398:
1391:Norwich 1991
1386:
1378:
1369:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1301:
1297:
1290:Norwich 1991
1285:
1273:
1266:Norwich 1991
1261:
1249:
1242:Norwich 1991
1237:
1230:Norwich 1991
1225:
1218:Norwich 1991
1213:
1191:Norwich 1991
1186:
1174:
1167:Norwich 1991
1162:
1150:
1143:Garland 1999
1138:
1131:Norwich 1991
1126:
1114:
1073:
1061:
1047:
1046:Also called
1042:
1017:
818:
561:
557:
550:
528:
512:
503:
484:
459:
454:
451:
438:
418:
400:
373:
342:
285:
254:
241:
224:and Empress
212:
209:Kōnstantinos
208:
205:Κωνσταντῖνος
196:
195:
120:(aged 67–68)
78:30 March 962
49:Exultet roll
29:
18:
3342:1028 deaths
3273:(1224–1242)
3267:(1204–1461)
3056:Konstantios
2933:Christopher
2906:Constantine
2896:Michael III
2877:Constantine
2860:Constantine
2842:Theophylact
2771:Philippicus
2721:Constans II
2646:Justinian I
2542:Severus III
2490:Constans II
2244:Claudius II
2220:Silbannacus
2167:Gordian III
2142:Maximinus I
2110:Diadumenian
1928:Romanos III
1922:(962–1025)
1029:(963–969),
1025:(962–963),
382:(left) and
97:Romanos III
83:Predecessor
3357:960 births
3321:Categories
3050:Andronikos
3038:Nikephoros
2987:Michael IV
2952:Romanos II
2872:Theophilos
2867:Michael II
2848:Staurakios
2832:Staurakios
2804:Nikephoros
2797:Artabasdos
2709:Heraclonas
2666:Theodosius
2624:Basiliscus
2384:Nepotianus
2377:Magnentius
2371:Constans I
2324:Severus II
2304:Diocletian
2249:Quintillus
2214:Aemilianus
2207:Volusianus
2152:Gordian II
2117:Elagabalus
1980:Principate
1902:Romanos II
1887:Romanos II
1642:. Lisbon:
1527:De Gruyter
1085:References
1037:(962–1025)
1023:Romanos II
699:Romanos II
504:Histamenon
486:Histamenon
401:Histamenon
375:Histamenon
351:'s father
349:Romanos II
292:Romanos II
222:Romanos II
179:Romanos II
74:Coronation
3292:Classical
3277:Empresses
3261:(286–296)
3255:(267–273)
3249:(260–274)
2992:Michael V
2918:Alexander
2731:Heraclius
2699:Heraclius
2651:Justin II
2561:Glycerius
2548:Anthemius
2418:Procopius
2356:Martinian
2335:Maxentius
2264:Florianus
2237:Saloninus
2232:Gallienus
2201:Hostilian
2177:Philip II
2147:Gordian I
2095:Caracalla
2030:Vespasian
2025:Vitellius
1916:(969–976)
1910:(963–969)
1904:(962–963)
1757:. Brill.
1744:422217218
1547:(2010) .
1512:(1973) .
1090:Citations
930:Theophano
448:Adulthood
415:Childhood
300:Theophano
232:; uncle,
226:Theophano
189:Theophano
93:Successor
3382:Basil II
3287:Usurpers
3282:Augustae
3240:See also
3145:Nicholas
2967:Basil II
2764:Tiberius
2749:Leontius
2737:Tiberius
2714:Tiberius
2692:610–1453
2687:Eastern/
2641:Justin I
2594:Arcadius
2554:Olybrius
2536:Majorian
2477:Honorius
2456:Eugenius
2391:Vetranio
2341:Licinius
2314:Galerius
2309:Maximian
2294:Dominate
2284:Numerian
2254:Aurelian
2227:Valerian
2172:Philip I
2162:Balbinus
2157:Pupienus
2105:Macrinus
2080:Pertinax
2075:Commodus
2040:Domitian
2005:Claudius
2000:Caligula
1995:Tiberius
1990:Augustus
1920:Basil II
1898:962–1028
1799:(1997).
1775:(2007).
1732:(1957).
1710:(1991).
1662:(1999).
1652:17186882
1636:(1963).
1482:(1979).
1179:Ash 1995
1035:Basil II
981:See also
793:Theodora
582:Ancestry
536:blinding
532:Anatolia
455:Basileus
384:Basil II
320:Theodora
312:smallpox
250:Augustus
238:Basil II
154:Theodora
87:Basil II
3297:Eastern
3197:Matthew
3091:Alexios
2939:Stephen
2901:Basil I
2786:Leo III
2661:Maurice
2604:Marcian
2587:395–610
2511:Joannes
2470:395–480
2424:Gratian
2297:284–610
2279:Carinus
2259:Tacitus
2135:235–285
2055:Hadrian
1839:in the
1612:(ed.).
1377:of the
469:Emperor
386:(right)
344:solidus
242:de jure
214:de jure
164:Dynasty
144:Eudokia
3059:&
3035:&
2942:&
2913:Leo VI
2889:Thekla
2845:&
2812:Leo IV
2734:&
2673:Phocas
2629:Marcus
2614:Leo II
2530:Avitus
2447:Victor
2412:Valens
2402:Jovian
2397:Julian
2269:Probus
2204:&
2184:Decius
2132:Crisis
2050:Trajan
1869:
1813:
1785:
1761:
1742:
1718:
1696:
1672:
1650:
1622:
1591:
1561:
1533:
1498:
422:regent
357:haloed
271:Family
248:since
185:Mother
175:Father
129:Helena
125:Spouse
2855:Leo V
2822:Irene
2609:Leo I
2274:Carus
2045:Nerva
2035:Titus
2015:Galba
1967:Roman
1918:with
1912:with
1906:with
1900:with
1871:Died:
1864:Born:
1608:. In
1339:484-5
1054:Greek
1009:Notes
341:Gold
288:Basil
201:Greek
136:Issue
63:Reign
3211:(w.
3194:(w.
3142:(w.
3113:John
3110:(w.
3088:(w.
3076:(w.
3047:(w.
3029:(w.
2930:(w.
2903:(w.
2886:(w.
2874:(w.
2857:(w.
2839:(w.
2800:(w.
2761:(w.
2728:(w.
2711:(w.
2663:(w.
2626:(w.
2619:Zeno
2486:(w.
2443:(w.
2234:(w.
2198:(w.
2186:(w.
2174:(w.
2107:(w.
2100:Geta
2020:Otho
2010:Nero
1969:and
1811:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1740:OCLC
1716:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1648:OCLC
1620:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1373:The
1331:CSHB
1308:1029
791:11.
733:10.
463:gout
326:Life
115:Died
107:Born
46:Bari
3032:Leo
2977:Zoe
2223:(?)
1866:960
1458:ODB
1428:ODB
1357:ODB
928:3.
817:1.
759:5.
697:2.
671:9.
639:4.
613:8.
403:of
378:of
347:of
316:Zoe
265:Zoe
149:Zoe
110:960
3323::
3053:,
2936:,
1809:.
1557:.
1529:.
1518:.
1490:.
1450:^
1435:^
1410:^
1360:,
1337::
1328:−
1306:;
1198:^
1097:^
1060:,
1056::
538:.
314:,
267:.
252:.
207:,
203::
3217:)
3200:)
3148:)
3116:)
3094:)
3082:)
3065:)
3041:)
2948:)
2909:)
2892:)
2880:)
2863:)
2851:)
2808:)
2767:)
2740:)
2717:)
2669:)
2632:)
2494:)
2451:)
2240:)
2210:)
2192:)
2180:)
2113:)
1959:e
1952:t
1945:v
1845:.
1819:.
1791:.
1767:.
1746:.
1724:.
1702:.
1678:.
1654:.
1628:.
1597:.
1567:.
1539:.
1523:V
1504:.
1335:9
1068:.
1052:(
199:(
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