297:
by
Emperor Theophilos. Euodios' narrative mostly contains theological discussions between the steadfast prisoners and various people—Byzantine defectors, Muslim officials, etc.—sent to convince them to convert during their seven-year imprisonment. Their execution was then carried out by Ethiopian
200:
Constantine
Baboutzikos, husband of Empress Theodora's sister and thereby apparently the highest-ranking of the prisoners. He was the first to be proposed to convert to Islam, and possibly also the first to be executed after
572:
302:. Euodios' hagiography is the "last example of the genre of collective martyrdom", and was widely disseminated, with several variants of the legend of the 42 Martyrs appearing in later authors.
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of the 42 was written soon after their execution, by the monk
Euodios, who used their fate and the sack of Amorium as an indictment of and proof of divine retribution against the re-adoption of
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562:
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225:(divisional commander) according to the chroniclers, he is given an extensive biography by the hagiographies, where he is portrayed as rising from imperial
577:
597:
520:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online. Berlin-Brandenburgische
Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nach Vorarbeiten F. Winkelmanns erstellt
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467:
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309:, the day of their execution. Pictorial representations of the 42 are rare in Byzantine art, unlike their analogues, the
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soldiers under his command and delivered to the
Abbasids, who placed him among the captives of Amorium.
514:
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127:
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313:; when they are depicted, they are represented simply as a group of officials in court dress.
244:
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142:, they were executed at Samarra on 6 March 845. Only a few of the 42 are known by name:
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35:
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Following the sack, 42 officers and notables of
Amorium were taken as hostages to
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138:, to ransom them were rebuffed by the caliphs. After refusing to convert to
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126:, then the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Repeated efforts by Emperor
489:; Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson (1991). "Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion". In
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against the
Byzantine Empire that ended in the sack of the city of
499:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 800–801.
236:
139:
61:
471:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 79–80.
252:
163:, regarded as the leader of the 42 in the hagiographic texts.
39:
517:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2013).
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in 838 and executed in 845, after refusing to convert to
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Bassoes, identified as a "runner", otherwise unknown.
573:
Christians executed for refusing to convert to Islam
27:
Byzantine officials executed by the
Abbasids, 845 CE
588:Prisoners and detainees of the Abbasid Caliphate
583:Byzantine saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church
553:9th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate
445:
558:Groups of Christian martyrs of the Middle Ages
8:
563:Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
523:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
115:and birthplace of the reigning Byzantine
321:
52:senior officials taken prisoner by the
305:The feast day of the 42 Martyrs is on
7:
328:
207:Kallistos, possibly a member of the
578:Christian saints killed by Muslims
496:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
468:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
461:Foss, Clive (1991). "Amorion". In
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598:Groups of Eastern Orthodox saints
261:, before being taken prisoner by
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130:and, after his death in 842, by
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64:. They are commemorated by the
189:Theophilos, otherwise unknown.
151:, a court eunuch and possibly
1:
548:9th-century Christian martyrs
355:, Theodoros Krateros (#7679).
280:) of Constantine Baboutzikos.
543:9th-century Byzantine people
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446:Kazhdan & Ševčenko 1991
298:slaves on the banks of the
159:(military governor) of the
92:In 838, the Abbasid caliph
624:
568:Byzantine prisoners of war
285:Hagiography and veneration
40:
593:Executed Byzantine people
343:, Anonymi (42) (#10542).
268:Constantine, secretary (
427:, Konstantinos (#3933).
391:, Konstantinos (#3932).
70:Eastern Orthodox Church
180:of the Anatolic Theme.
515:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
379:, Theophilos (#8211).
311:40 Martyrs of Sebaste
249:regiment and finally
111:, the capital of the
66:Roman Catholic Church
32:42 Martyrs of Amorium
415:, Kallistos (#3606).
45:μάρτυρες τοῦ Ἀμορίου
448:, pp. 800–801.
211:family. An obscure
134:and Empress-regent
491:Kazhdan, Alexander
487:Kazhdan, Alexander
463:Kazhdan, Alexander
48:) were a group of
403:, Bassoes (#982).
331:, pp. 79–80.
161:Bucellarian Theme
148:Theodore Krateros
54:Abbasid Caliphate
18:Theodore Krateros
16:(Redirected from
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113:Anatolic Theme
105:major campaign
101: 833–842
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76:is located at
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277:hypographeus
174:Aetios, the
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72:on March 6.
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291:hagiography
221:tourmarches
132:Michael III
94:al-Mu'tasim
538:845 deaths
532:Categories
317:References
295:Iconoclasm
229:spatharios
209:Melissenos
128:Theophilos
329:Foss 1991
300:Euphrates
263:Paulician
214:patrikios
201:refusing.
196:magistros
186:patrikios
177:strategos
170:patrikios
155:strategos
50:Byzantine
41:οἰ ἅγιοι
271:notarios
259:Koloneia
136:Theodora
103:) led a
68:and the
608:Amorium
493:(ed.).
465:(ed.).
455:Sources
307:6 March
245:Scholai
241:of the
124:Samarra
109:Amorium
74:Amorium
56:in the
503:
475:
88:Events
82:Turkey
237:komes
140:Islam
78:Hisar
62:Islam
36:Greek
501:ISBN
473:ISBN
425:PmbZ
413:PmbZ
401:PmbZ
389:PmbZ
377:PmbZ
365:PmbZ
353:PmbZ
341:PmbZ
289:The
253:doux
217:and
192:the
183:the
166:the
30:The
603:845
274:or
257:of
233:to
43:μβ′
534::
432:^
119:.
99:r.
84:.
80:,
38::
509:.
481:.
96:(
34:(
20:)
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