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Theodore Dwight Weld

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653:. He first worked, in 1833, at convincing the other students at Lane that immediatism, ending slavery completely and immediately, was the only solution and what God wanted. Successful, he next, with the Tappans' connivance, sought to bring immediatism to a larger audience. He announced that the public was invited to a series of public debates, over 18 evenings in February 1834, on abolition versus colonization. In fact, the debates were not debates at all, as no one spoke in favor of colonization. They were instead presentations of the horrors of American slavery, together with an exposé of the inadequacy of the 856: 661:
Cincinnati, many found his behavior unacceptable. After rumored threats of violence against the Seminary, the trustees passed rules abolishing the seminary's colonization and abolition societies and forbidding any further discussion of slavery, even at mealtimes. Weld was threatened with expulsion. A professor was fired. What happened was the mass resignation of almost all of Lane's student body, along with a sympathetic trustee,
2256: 677:), that Oberlin admit blacks on the same basis as whites, and that the trustees not be able to fire faculty for any or no reason. The fired professor was hired by Oberlin, and Mahan became its first president. Weld declined an appointment at Oberlin as professor of theology, saying abolitionism was a higher priority; he directed Shipperd to Charles Finney. Instead, he took a position as agent of the 38: 146: 314: 743:. He was a strong abolitionist and women's rights advocate; at the marriage there were two ministers, one white and one black. He renounced any power or legal authority over his wife, other than that produced by love. Two former slaves of the Grimkés' father were among the guests. Weld and Grimké would go on to have three children: Charles, Theodore, and Sarah. 2244: 1599: 1576: 1028:
Slavery and the internal slave trade in the United States of North America; being replies to questions transmitted by the committee of the British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society, for the abolition of slavery and the slave trade throughout the world. Presented to the General Anti-slavery Convention,
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Weld had also been commissioned to find a site for a great national manual labor institution where training for the western ministry could be provided for poor but earnest young men who had dedicated their lives to the home missionary cause in the "vast valley of the Mississippi." Such an institution
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In it he states that "In prosecuting the business of my agency, I have traveled during the year four thousand five hundred and seventy-five miles ; in public conveyances , 2,630 ; on horseback, 1,800 ; on foot, 145 . I have made two hundred and thirty-six public addresses." He was nearly killed when
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The original letters were held at the time of publication by Dr. L.D.H. Weld, Smith Collection at Syracuse University, Garrison collection at the Boston Public Library, Oberlin College, the Archaeological and Historical Society of Ohio, and in the James Gillespie Birney and Weld collections at the
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The debates were then local events. However, during the Seminary's summer vacation of 1834, some of the students started teaching classes for, and in other ways working to help, the 1500 free African Americans of Cincinnati, with whom the students mixed freely. Given the pro-slavery sentiment in
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His obscurity was of his own choosing. Weld would never accept an office of authority or honor in any antislavery organization. He refused to speak at antislavery conventions or anniversaries, or even to attend them if he could avoid it. He shunned the cities, and chose to labor in the country
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Among these students was Theodore D. Weld, a young man of surpassing eloquence and logical powers, and of a personal influence even more fascinating than his eloquence. I state the impression which I had of him as a boy, and it may seem extravagant, but I have seen crowds of bearded men held
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was based in Oneida County, and according to him, Weld "held a very prominent place among the students of Hamilton College, and had a very great influence." He described himself as "educated at Hamilton College." However, Hamilton turned down his proposal of a manual labor program.
440:, though he did not enroll as a student and does not appear in the College's published lists of students. About 1825 he stayed at the College in the suite of tutor William Kirkland, and not only attended classes but was "something of a leader among the students". The famous 1801:
Sir, three months have elapsed, since, on the perusal of Mr. Weld's "Report on the introduction of manual labour into literary institutions"-- : and the conviction, thence arising, of the importance of the plan suggested, to the heal, the happiness, and the diration
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would undoubtedly attract many of Weld's associates who had been disappointed in the failure to establish theological instruction at the Oneida Institute. Cincinnati was the logical location. Cincinnati was the focal center of population and commerce in the Ohio valley.
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districts, where newspapers were few, and his activities were seldom reported except by abolition journals. His writings were published anonymously, and he would seldom allow the content of his speeches or his letters from the field to appear in print at all.
613:. He enrolled there as a student in 1833, although he was informally the head, to the point of telling the trustees whom to hire. He had this power because on his recommendation the Tappans' subventions would continue, or go elsewhere (as they soon did, to 580:. He declined their offer of a ministerial position, saying he felt himself unprepared. Since he was "a living, breathing, and eloquently-speaking exhibit of the results of manual-labor-with-study," the brothers then created, so as to employ Weld, the 803:, their U.S. presidential candidate in 1840 and 1844, who also founded the National Anti-Slavery Society. In 1841–43, Weld relocated to Washington, D.C., to direct the national campaign for sending antislavery petitions to Congress. He assisted 539:, "Weld is destined to be one of the great men not of America merely, but of the world. His mind is full of strength, proportion, beauty, and majesty. ... there is indubitable evidence of intellectual grandeur and moral power." 555:
said that in a convention of antislavery "agents", who travelled from town to town giving abolitionist lectures and setting up new local anti-slavery societies, "Weld was the central luminary around which they all revolved".
584:, which promptly hired him as its "general agent" and sent him on a factfinding and speaking tour. (The Society never carried out any activities except hiring Weld, hosting some of his lectures, and publishing his report.) 2057: 1343:"Slavery Days. Sketch of Theodore Dwight Weld. Almost the Last of the Abolitionists. As a Boy He Championed the Colored Cause and Earned the Respect of Garrison and Phillips. A Tribute to Mr. Weld from the poet Whittier" 546:
Weld was a genius. ...In the estimation of the class, he was president. He took the lead of the whole institution. The young men had, many of them, been under his care, and they thought he was a god. We never quarreled,
501:, working in exchange for instruction. While at the Oneida Institute, where he was in charge of the cow-milking operation, he would spend two weeks at a time traveling about, lecturing on the virtues of manual labor, 587:
Weld carried out this commission during the calendar year 1832. His 100-page report on his activities, accompanied by 20 pages of letters received, is dated January 10, 1833. It received a review of 21 pages in the
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said in 1836, when she first laid eyes on him and heard him speak for two hours on "What is slavery?", that "I never heard so grand & beautiful an exposition of the dignity & nobility of man in my life".
505:, and moral reform. "Weld...had both the stamina and charisma to hold listeners spellbound for three hours." As a result, by 1831 he had become a "well known citizen" of Oneida County, according to a letter of 847:, dedicated to the same principles. Here, Weld had "charge of Conversation, Composition, and English Literature", and Angelina taught history. The school burned in 1867, and the Welds were then in retirement. 348:
on Weld's text; the latter is regarded as second only to the former in its influence on the antislavery movement. Weld remained dedicated to the abolitionist movement until slavery was ended by the
657:'s project of helping free black people migrate to Africa and its intent to protect, rather than eliminate, slavery. At the end, the audience's views were highly supportive of immediate abolition. 752: 215: 1002: 1808:] of the lives of the valuable class of the rising generation for whose advantage the suggestion was made--Since, I say, on the perusal of this report, I published an abridgement of it 775:
and other women, mobilizing them to fight for women's rights. This led to a split in the U.S. abolitionist movement between the nonviolent (but wanting it immediately) "moral suasion" of
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movement during its formative years from 1830 to 1844, playing a role as writer, editor, speaker, and organizer. He is best known for his co-authorship of the authoritative
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First annual report of the Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions, including the report of their general agent, Theodore D. Weld. January 28, 1833
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First annual report of the Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions, including the report of their general agent, Theodore D. Weld. January 28, 1833
740: 417: 1061: 493:, the most abolitionist school in the country, his fees paid for him by Stuart, after first participating in a pilot program, staying at the farmhouse of founder 2135: 2376: 2331: 1891: 1658: 392:. His mother owned slaves. At age 14 Weld took over his father's hundred-acre (forty-hectare) farm near Hartford, Connecticut, to earn money to study at 400:, attending from 1820 to 1822, when failing eyesight caused him to leave. After a doctor urged him to travel, he started an itinerant lecture series on 2381: 2316: 2301: 784: 486: 2079:
Nelson, Robert K. (2004). "'The Forgetfulness of Sex': Devotion and Desire in the Courtship Letters of Angelina Grimké and Theodore Dwight Weld".
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Narrative of Sojourner Truth : a northern slave, emancipated from bodily servitude by the state of New York, in 1828 : with a portrait
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for Ohio. "He has, with characteristic disinterestedness, accepted this agency at one half the salary he was offered by another institution."
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His reputation as a speaker had reached New York, and in 1831, at the age of 28, Weld was called there by the philanthropists
2248: 1702: 1443: 1326: 59: 717:. "Public awareness of abolition reached its peak with the activities of Theodore Weld from February to early July, 1836." 81: 963: 780: 768: 721: 690: 678: 654: 464: 227: 2271: 1483: 1342: 1166: 705:. Weld became one of the leaders of the antislavery movement, working with the Tappan brothers, New York philanthropists 2336: 720:
In 1836, Weld discontinued lecturing when he lost his voice, and was appointed editor of its books and pamphlets by the
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An excerpt, "Slavery a System of Inherent Cruelty", appeared on pp. 127–140 of the Boston, 1850, edition of the
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During his year as a manual labor agent, Weld scouted land, found the location for, and recruited the faculty for the
433: 88: 1231: 1033: 455:, for he became Finney's disciple. In Utica, intellectual capital of western New York, center of abolitionism, and 2131: 48: 2351: 2207: 2081: 1964: 1886: 1694: 1653: 1275: 1139: 940: 878: 641: 531: 334: 255: 70: 1463: 725: 2260: 2011: 1881: 1836: 1648: 1459: 1188: 844: 840: 520:, who knew him from when they were students together at Oberlin (of which Fairchild would later be President): 444: 238: 185: 2202: 1785:. It was reprinted as a pamphlet, New Haven, 1833. It is unsigned; Bronson's name is taken from OCLC 63599145. 935: 734:
Emancipation in the West Indies : a six months' tour in Antigua, Barbadoes, and Jamaica, in the year 1837
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The Bible Against Slavery. An inquiry into the Patriarchal and Mosaic systems on the subject of Human Rights
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Lift Up Thy Voice. The Sarah and Angelica Grimké Family's Journey from Slaveholders to Civil Rights leaders
1994: 1645: 1585: 1079: 1026: 776: 761: 636: 552: 536: 494: 397: 1045: 344: 2194: 835:. The school accepted students of all races and sexes. In 1862, the school having closed, they moved to 698: 360: 339: 976: 729: 2255: 2006: 1235: 2356: 2296: 2291: 2054: 1631: 1581: 747: 581: 490: 381: 166: 1520:
Myers, John L. (April 1962). "The Beginning of Anti-slavery Agencies in New York State, 1833-1836".
1772: 1310: 1126: 1098: 1083: 870: 502: 1625: 855: 363:, Weld was "as eloquent as an angel, and as powerful as thunder." His words were "logic on fire". 95: 2224: 2098: 1832: 1552: 1213: 1205: 1055: 702: 1014: 560: 268: 1840: 2179: 2164: 1932: 1811: 1732: 1698: 1439: 1395: 1322: 1279: 991: 824: 804: 714: 498: 421: 1756: 921: 2216: 2090: 1595: 1543: 1541:
Ellis, David Maldwyn (1990). "Conflicts Among Calvinists: Oneida Revivalists in the 1820s".
1522: 1488: 1365: 1347: 1197: 1183: 1075: 750:, where he, his wife, and her sister researched and co-wrote the very influential 1839 book 674: 610: 413: 409: 404:, traveling for three years throughout the United States, including the South, where he saw 393: 197: 1776: 2049: 1728: 1170: 800: 792: 710: 706: 694: 614: 517: 452: 389: 1925: 1670: 945: 673:, insisting as conditions of their enrollment that they be free to discuss any topic ( 485:
Later in 1827, abandoning Hamilton on Stuart's recommendation, he enrolled in the new
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spell-bound by his power for hours together, and for twenty evenings in succession.
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Weld died at his home in Hyde Park, Massachusetts, aged 91, on February 3, 1895.
325:(November 23, 1803 – February 3, 1895) was one of the architects of the American 1781: 1091:
Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimké Weld and Sarah Grimké 1822-1844
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The Biblical argument on Slavery. Being principally a review of T. D. Weld's
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Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimké and Sarah Grimké, 1822–1844
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In early 1853, Weld was offered the position of Director of a school of the
757: 662: 401: 1283: 1118:, Huntington Lyman, named his son Theodore Weld Lyman (born 1840) for Weld. 900:, and others. This branch of the family never achieved the wealth of their 869:
Weld was the son of Ludovicus Weld and Elizabeth (Clark) Weld. His brother
693:, recruiting and training people to work for the cause, making converts of 2243: 2220: 2094: 1736: 1691:
The Public Years of Sarah and Angelina Grimké. Selected Writings 1835–1839
384:, the son and grandson of Congregational ministers. He was descended from 366:
In 1950, Weld was described as being "totally unknown to most Americans".
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Warfield, Benjamin Breckinridge (January 1921). "Oberlin Perfectionism".
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Passionate Liberator: Theodore Dwight Weld & the Dilemma of Reform
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A history of Oberlin College from its foundation through the civil war
1400:. Vol. II. James T. White & Company. 1921. pp. 318–319. 467:, an early abolitionist, who at that time (1822–1829) was head of the 1969:, "The Welds of Harvard Yard" by associate editor Craig Tom. Lambert" 1186:(March 1988). Calloway-Thomas, Carolyn (ed.). "Orators and Oratory". 901: 760:) resided with them for many years. In 1840, they moved to a farm in 1432:
Passionate Liberator. Theodore Dwight Weld and the Dilemma of Reform
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photographer, was also involved with the abolitionist movement (see
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The Massachusetts Teacher: A Journal of School and Home Education
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Contrast Weld's views on slavery with those of distant relative
815:, which stated that slavery could not be discussed in Congress. 1777:"Promotion of health in literary institutions [review]" 1506:. Utica, New York: New Century Club of Utica. 1900. p. 85. 471:. They spent several years as members of Finney's "holy band". 1804: 474:
In the winter of 1827, he and his brother Charles worked on a
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American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
936:"Discussion at Lane Seminary [letter to James Hall]" 753:
American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
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American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
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Autobiography, Correspondence, Etc., of Lyman Beecher, D.D.
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Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions
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In his reminiscences of that period Dr. Beecher observed:
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Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions
2015:. Hyde Park, Massachusetts. February 5, 1895. p. 3. 1089:
Additional letters were published in the two-volume set
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Theodore Weld: Crusader for Freedom (without footnotes)
787:(AFASS) and entered politics through the anti-slavery 756:. Angelina's unmarried older sister Sarah (Angelina's 350:
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
1236:"The Early Abolitionists. II. Personal recollections" 843:, where Weld helped open another school, this one in 811:
tried him for reading petitions in violation of the
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While a student Weld attended some of Finney's many
1366:"Theodore Dwight Weld | Biography & Facts" 978:
The Power of Congress over the District of Columbia
635:. What he saw there, together with what he read in 306: 298: 262: 248: 233: 211: 203: 193: 174: 152: 136: 62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1924: 859:Undated portrait of Theodore D. Weld as an old man 408:first-hand. In 1825 Weld moved with his family to 1074:Papers of Weld and the Grimké sisters are at the 1004:Persons held to service, fugitive slaves, &c 1246:: Edward J. Goodrich. pp. 27–56, at p. 55. 598: 544: 522: 368: 1397:The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography 1577:"Letter to George Brayton, February 16, 1832" 596:a high river swept away the coach he was in. 8: 1827: 1825: 1360: 1358: 1093:, published by Appleton with funding of the 689:Starting in 1834, Weld was an agent for the 2178:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. 1848:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 1716: 1714: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1619: 1617: 1060:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1009:New England Anti-Slavery Tract Association 144: 133: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 785:American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 1954:, September 1864; Vol. IX No. 9: p. 353. 1515: 1513: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1034:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 487:Oneida Institute of Science and Industry 288: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1568: 1566: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1156: 592:and an abridgement was soon published. 2138:from the original on February 10, 2021 1927:The Grimké Sisters From South Carolina 1053: 2060:from the original on October 27, 2020 1602:from the original on October 26, 2020 1504:Outline History of Utica and Vicinity 892:, Weld shares a common ancestry with 746:Their first home as newlyweds was in 463:, he met and became a good friend of 432:Weld then (1825) attended classes at 7: 1761:. New York: S. W. Benedict & Co. 1598:), March 23, 1832, p. 2. p. 2. 1240:Oberlin Thursday Lectures and Essays 926:. New York: S. W. Benedict & Co. 649:(1832), turned him into a committed 60:adding citations to reliable sources 2377:People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey 2191:The Anti-Slavery Impulse, 1830–1844 1376:from the original on April 11, 2019 1272:Theodore Weld, crusader for freedom 1121:In 2009 Weld was inducted into the 962:(3rd, revised ed.). New York: 2332:Hamilton College (New York) alumni 2272:Columbia 2003 Encyclopedia Article 1173:Columbia 2003 Encyclopedia Article 1164:Columbia 2003 Encyclopedia Article 388:, one of the original trustees of 25: 2201:Nelson, Robert K. (Spring 2004). 2019:from the original on May 10, 2021 1894:from the original on July 7, 2021 1661:from the original on July 7, 2021 1465:Memoirs of Rev. Charles G. Finney 1404:from the original on May 10, 2021 551:In a completely different forum, 27:American abolitionist (1803–1895) 2382:People from Fort Lee, New Jersey 2317:Lane Theological Seminary alumni 2302:People from Hampton, Connecticut 2254: 2242: 1721:Fletcher, Robert Samuel (1943). 1484:"Sketch of Theodore Dwight Weld" 968:Weld received a published reply. 724:. Among the books he edited was 647:Thoughts on African Colonization 568:Manual labor and education agent 438:Clinton, Oneida County, New York 312: 284: 36: 1890:. November 1, 1834. p. 2. 1270:Thomas, Benjamin Platt (1950). 1123:National Abolition Hall of Fame 1095:American Historical Association 1047:In Memory: Angelina Grimké Weld 280: 47:needs additional citations for 2116:Weld, Theodore Dwight (1934). 1810:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1649:"Letter from Theodore D. Weld" 1492:. January 6, 1889. p. 21. 590:Quarterly Christian Spectator, 1: 2372:American temperance activists 2367:American Anti-Slavery Society 2362:People from Hyde Park, Boston 2347:American manual labor schools 2050:Quarterly Christian Spectator 1842:"Weld, Theodore Dwight"  1782:Quarterly Christian Spectator 964:American Anti-slavery Society 781:American Anti-Slavery Society 769:World Anti-Slavery Convention 722:American Anti-Slavery Society 691:American Anti-Slavery Society 679:American Anti-Slavery Society 655:American Colonization Society 228:American Anti-Slavery Society 207:Abolitionist, writer, teacher 2053:, September 1833. New-York: 1931:. New York: Schocken Books. 1864:Princeton Theological Review 1278:: Rutgers University Press. 671:Oberlin Collegiate Institute 2197:. New York: Harcourt, 1964. 2027:– via Newspapers.com. 2007:"Theodore Dwight Weld Dead" 1995:Gen. Stephen Minot Weld Jr. 1472:& Company. p. 184. 764:, where Weld ran a school. 669:, they enrolled at the new 535:, presumably by its editor 529:In an editorial comment in 516:Weld was described thus by 2398: 2193:. With an Introduction by 1755:Weld, Theodore D. (1833). 1202:10.1177/002193478801800305 862: 771:in London denied seats to 631:Some of his travel was in 624: 241:'s "Holy Band"; leader of 2208:Journal of Social History 2089:(3): 663–679, at p. 666. 2082:Journal of Social History 2047:. First published in the 1695:Columbia University Press 1460:Finney, Charles Grandison 1430:Abzug, Robert H. (1980). 1412:– via Google Books. 1276:New Brunswick, New Jersey 1140:Fugitive Slave Convention 1029:held in London, June 1840 879:Fugitive Slave Convention 311: 256:American Slavery as It Is 143: 1851:. New York: D. Appleton. 1590:. Also published in the 1189:Journal of Black Studies 944:. p. 1 – via 845:Lexington, Massachusetts 841:Hyde Park, Massachusetts 839:. In 1864 they moved to 445:Charles Grandison Finney 239:Charles Grandison Finney 186:Hyde Park, Massachusetts 2342:Oneida Institute alumni 2327:Writers from Cincinnati 2312:Phillips Academy alumni 2055:Leavitt, Trow & Co. 1689:Ceplair, Larry (1989). 1630:Vol. 2. New York: 1624:Beecher, Lyman (1866). 1436:Oxford University Press 1370:Encyclopedia Britannica 833:Perth Amboy, New Jersey 741:married Angelina Grimké 627:Lane debates on Slavery 2322:Oberlin College alumni 2307:American abolitionists 2189:Gilbert Hobbs Barnes. 1586:Poughkeepsie, New York 1080:University of Michigan 860: 777:William Lloyd Garrison 762:Belleville, New Jersey 603: 549: 527: 495:George Washington Gale 398:Andover, Massachusetts 373: 71:"Theodore Dwight Weld" 2221:10.1353/jsh.2004.0018 2195:William G. McLoughlin 2095:10.1353/jsh.2004.0018 2043:Bible against Slavery 1882:"Lane Seminary—Again" 1632:Harper & Brothers 1105:Library of Congress 858: 699:Harriet Beecher Stowe 685:Anti-slavery activity 665:. Later known as the 416:. At the time of the 361:Harriet Beecher Stowe 340:Harriet Beecher Stowe 338:, published in 1839. 2261:Theodore Dwight Weld 2251:at Wikimedia Commons 2249:Theodore Dwight Weld 1582:Poughkeepsie Journal 748:Fort Lee, New Jersey 491:Whitesboro, New York 420:they were living in 418:Weld-Grimké marriage 382:Hampton, Connecticut 323:Theodore Dwight Weld 287:; died  167:Hampton, Connecticut 138:Theodore Dwight Weld 56:improve this article 2337:Activists from Ohio 2163:: Vols. 1 & 2. 2134:. Oberlin College. 2038:Wisner, William C. 1975:on December 5, 2012 1127:Peterboro, New York 1099:Albert J. Beveridge 1084:Ann Arbor, Michigan 871:Ezra Greenleaf Weld 2259:Works by or about 2132:"Huntington Lyman" 1775:(September 1833). 1351:. January 6, 1889. 1169:2009-02-25 at the 861: 767:In June 1840, the 703:Henry Ward Beecher 2247:Media related to 2174:Robert H. Abzug, 1938:978-0-8052-0321-9 1647:(June 14, 1834). 1184:Allen, William G. 1070:Archival material 1042:Weld, Theodore D. 999:Weld, Theodore D. 973:Weld, Theodore D. 954:Weld, Theodore D. 934:(June 14, 1834). 932:Weld, Theodore D. 918:Weld, Theodore D. 825:Raritan Bay Union 805:John Quincy Adams 791:(ancestor of the 730:J. Horace Kimball 509:published in the 499:Western, New York 428:College education 422:Manlius, New York 380:Weld was born in 345:Uncle Tom’s Cabin 320: 319: 163:November 23, 1803 132: 131: 124: 106: 16:(Redirected from 2389: 2258: 2246: 2232: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1971:. 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Hampton, Connecticut
Hyde Park, Massachusetts
Oneida Institute
Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions
Lewis
Arthur Tappan
American Anti-Slavery Society
Charles Grandison Finney
Lane Rebels
American Slavery as It Is
Angelina Grimké

abolitionist
compendium
American Slavery as It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin

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