228:. It was first studied and used to treat asthma in the 1930s or 1940s and combinations of the two drugs subsequently became widely used. A ratio of 5:1 theophylline to ephedrine is usually used in combinations of the drugs. Later research found that the combination was no more effective for asthma than theophylline alone but produced more
684:
became popular as an oral agent, particularly in fixed-dose combination with ephedrine. Its predominant use continued in this manner into the early 1970s. Since then, definition of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of theophylline has led to its present use as a major prophylactic agent for the prevention of chronic asthma.
272:
among others as well. Combinations of theophylline, ephedrine, and a barbiturate were later phased out in favor of combinations of theophylline and ephedrine alone (e.g., brand name Franol). Fixed-dose combinations of theophylline and ephedrine were abandoned after the 1970s as they did not allow for
644:
Theophylline is generally more potent than caffeine in its effects; it was often combined with ephedrine in nasal decongestant products before more selective adrenergic blockers became available. An early study found the theophylline-ephedrine combination no more effective than theophylline alone in
567:
Brown1 reported uncontrolled clinical observations suggesting the apparent effectiveness of a fixed dose combination of ephedrine and theophylline in 1940, Such preparations have become very popular, though a search of the literature since that initial report unearthed only one controlled study (of
360:
Dr Lathem, Sterling's Vice
President for Scientific Affairs replied to MaLAM that "Franol is approved for marketing in the United Kingdom in a formulation containing theophylline and ephedrine. We have initiated a re-formulation worldwide to make all Franol formulations consistent with those of the
1057:
Team physicians became interested in asthma in elite athletes after the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. The winner of the men's 400 m freestyle swimming race was disqualified because a significant amount of a banned drug, ephedrine, was found in his postrace urinalysis sample. The swimmer had used a
960:
The concept of using a single therapy and maximising the dose of ICS might have been driven by the desire to avoid fixed combinations. These were commonly used in the US during the 1970s with products such as Tedral®1 and Marax® that combined theophylline and ephedrine with a sedative. The earlier
683:
Theophylline has undergone a major transition in clinical use over the past 10 to 15 years. Used primarily for its cardiovascular effects in the early part of this century, theophylline was found in the 1920s to have clinically beneficial effects on acute bronchospasm.1 In the 1930s, theophylline
744:
Until recently, combination products containing theophylline, ephedrine, and a "sedative" were the most frequently prescribed bronchodilators in the United States. Several studies, however, have documented that the combination of ephedrine and theophylline produce synergistic toxicity without
1058:
combination preparation of theophylline and ephedrine for the treatment of his asthma. Since then both US and
Australian Olympic Committees have put special emphasis on the accurate diagnosis and treatment of asthma in their Olympic teams.1,2
361:
U.K.". Weinberger and
Bronsky (1974) compared theophylline and ephedrine separately and combined. They concluded that "the inclusion of ephedrine resulted in no further benefit but did appear to increase the frequency of adverse effects" .
243:
among others) have also been widely used to treat asthma. Many such combinations have been marketed with numerous brand names. Theophylline has also been marketed in combination with other ephedrine-like sympathomimetics like
645:
23 asthmatic children, whereas the ADR rate was higher for the combination than for theophylline.40 Another study of asthmatic children, however, showed no additional adverse effects from the combination.
1088:
961:
fixed combinations did not allow for significant dose titration, due to the toxicity of ephedrine, and thus the concept of fixed dosing combinations for asthma was relegated to an 'unacceptable' status.
1860:
4212:
1725:
1081:
404:
Amesec contained ephedrine and amylobarbitone with a whiff of aminophylline. Franol contained ephedrine and theophylline, and earlier versions also contained phenobarbital.
858:. Emergency Medical Care: A Manual for the Paramedic in the Field. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 1983. p. 3-PA33
835:. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Compliance and Regulatory Affairs, Regulatory Support Division, Information Systems Section. 1979
1710:
1074:
903:
Mosby's Pocket
Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions - E-Book: Mosby's Pocket Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions - E-Book
288:
have been studied. Use of theophylline/ephedrine combinations has led to disqualification of elite athletes due to ephedrine being banned in competitive sports.
1750:
1853:
1720:
580:
Pinnas JL, Schachtel BP, Chen TM, Roseberry HR, Thoden WR (March 1991). "Inhaled epinephrine and oral theophylline-ephedrine in the treatment of asthma".
973:
Kennedy M (January 2021). "Effects of theophylline and theobromine on exercise performance and implications for competition sport: A systematic review".
6176:
4205:
4168:
6141:
5385:
1846:
4316:
4150:
4141:
1010:"Effects of anti-asthmatic medication (ephedrine plus theophylline) upon the physical performance and work capacity of healthy track athletes"
5746:
5668:
5605:
4132:
1804:
1589:
1254:
1208:
1106:
911:
802:
768:
631:
427:
882:. DHHS publication. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2002. p. 210
879:
Emergency
Department Trends from the Drug Abuse Warning Network: Preliminary Estimates January-June 2001 with Revised Estimates 1994-2000
657:
Weinberger M, Hendeles L (October 1986). "Therapeutic effect and dosing strategies for theophylline in the treatment of chronic asthma".
482:(in German). Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. pp. 12450–12382
4198:
4159:
4568:
4548:
1745:
6146:
1740:
1735:
176:
5721:
1790:
1607:
4177:
1760:
1730:
209:
51:
5270:
4840:
5250:
5410:
5400:
5375:
3168:
1700:
201:
39:
6116:
5215:
5210:
4321:
4123:
151:
5525:
6156:
5380:
5280:
3002:
2552:
2292:
1880:
1821:
5370:
4297:
5007:
6161:
5588:
5425:
5225:
4825:
4478:
2457:
1372:
1098:
277:
6181:
5618:
4830:
541:
Weinberger M, Bronsky E, Bensch GW, Bock GN, Yecies JJ (May 1975). "Interaction of ephedrine and theophylline".
6151:
6136:
2475:
1705:
1320:
1132:
934:
Akazawa M, Stempel DA (2006). "Single-inhaler combination therapy for asthma: a review of cost effectiveness".
5480:
5255:
5012:
3123:
501:
Sims JA, doPico GA, Reed CE (July 1978). "Bronchodilating effect of oral theophylline-ephedrine combination".
334:
Mansfield PR (1991). "Classifying improvements to drug marketing and justifications for claims of efficacy".
6171:
6166:
6021:
5971:
5390:
4820:
4410:
4340:
4232:
1809:
1066:
6031:
5996:
5981:
5829:
5450:
5265:
4865:
4835:
4783:
4538:
4423:
4355:
2888:
2580:
2570:
2141:
1898:
1755:
1561:
1516:
1435:
1397:
1306:
726:
Hendeles L, Weinberger M (1980). "Avoidance of adverse effects during chronic therapy with theophylline".
6051:
5295:
6076:
6046:
6026:
6006:
5976:
5275:
5245:
4855:
4815:
4335:
4238:
3087:
2863:
2506:
1770:
1765:
1715:
1422:
213:
5235:
4805:
4800:
1937:
6086:
6056:
6001:
5871:
5545:
5395:
5300:
5177:
5155:
5124:
4895:
4483:
4473:
3746:
1465:
1455:
4265:
6081:
5570:
5445:
5365:
5172:
4965:
4850:
4375:
4311:
3425:
3291:
2767:
2673:
2070:
1976:
1869:
1440:
86:
5440:
5435:
5260:
5077:
5022:
4880:
4860:
4543:
4428:
4306:
2802:
2782:
6186:
5594:
5119:
4950:
4945:
4778:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4370:
4365:
4280:
4224:
1872:
1450:
1445:
1430:
1402:
853:
225:
5855:
5430:
5220:
5129:
4738:
4390:
4345:
1244:
1009:
477:
5350:
5310:
5230:
5102:
5002:
4890:
417:
5923:
5643:
5638:
5628:
5540:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5360:
5355:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5167:
5149:
5042:
5017:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4885:
4748:
4693:
4638:
4633:
4623:
4618:
4553:
4528:
4405:
4400:
4395:
3856:
3831:
3751:
2629:
2379:
2244:
1048:
1031:
Helenius I, Haahtela T (September 2000). "Allergy and asthma in elite summer sport athletes".
990:
951:
907:
901:
877:
798:
764:
735:
705:
674:
627:
597:
558:
518:
423:
395:
351:
140:
63:
5648:
5460:
4688:
4683:
3510:
2837:
2090:
792:
758:
621:
5790:
5779:
5520:
5515:
5415:
5345:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
4992:
4985:
4955:
4910:
4870:
4678:
4673:
4518:
4468:
3826:
3390:
3233:
3032:
2610:
2372:
2362:
1923:
1473:
1040:
982:
943:
666:
589:
550:
510:
387:
343:
193:
5455:
5420:
5134:
5097:
5027:
4845:
4360:
160:
95:
5736:
5144:
5139:
5112:
5087:
4658:
4598:
4221:
2624:
1932:
1417:
1340:
1119:
249:
5823:
5726:
5686:
4648:
4603:
3736:
3405:
3370:
3091:
2847:
2757:
2510:
2375:
2095:
2050:
1815:
1631:
1364:
1188:
623:
Herb, Nutrient, and Drug
Interactions: Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Strategies
593:
217:
22:
6130:
5813:
4970:
4728:
4663:
4493:
3886:
3726:
3410:
3354:
3311:
2972:
2896:
2762:
2701:
2590:
2479:
2391:
2145:
2065:
2060:
2004:
1991:
1536:
1531:
1506:
1407:
1377:
1345:
1330:
947:
670:
514:
307:
236:
120:
450:
419:
The
Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies
6096:
6036:
5933:
5918:
5913:
5892:
5840:
5818:
5731:
5701:
5658:
5199:
4733:
4643:
4588:
4578:
3911:
3896:
3841:
3336:
3158:
3103:
3095:
3067:
3027:
2946:
2912:
2727:
2522:
2514:
2495:
2483:
2367:
2236:
2212:
2172:
1669:
1541:
1526:
1501:
1350:
1335:
1234:
1110:
302:
261:
245:
197:
76:
Theophylline/ephedrine; Theophylline-(–)-ephedrine compound; Theophylline-ephedrine
34:
745:
significantly enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of theophylline alone (Figure 1).
1838:
830:
5908:
5865:
5808:
5803:
5759:
5716:
5681:
5565:
5470:
5072:
4763:
4743:
4723:
4708:
4703:
4653:
4523:
4503:
4433:
4418:
4249:
4036:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3891:
3866:
3851:
3836:
3801:
3786:
3766:
3761:
3731:
3711:
3686:
3671:
3616:
3561:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3440:
3435:
3341:
3326:
3296:
3286:
3271:
3242:
3213:
3057:
3047:
3022:
3012:
2977:
2920:
2883:
2812:
2807:
2787:
2752:
2688:
2663:
2653:
2634:
2595:
2465:
2342:
2337:
2297:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2222:
2217:
2192:
2167:
2161:
2126:
2085:
2080:
2045:
2030:
2025:
1971:
1961:
1942:
1903:
1644:
1620:
1579:
1569:
1521:
1511:
1392:
1387:
1276:
1225:
1198:
1193:
265:
257:
253:
229:
5928:
5887:
5860:
5845:
5835:
5691:
5653:
5560:
5290:
5082:
4997:
4875:
4768:
4753:
4613:
4573:
4558:
4488:
4458:
4385:
4101:
4091:
4081:
4066:
4061:
4046:
4026:
4021:
3996:
3991:
3976:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3916:
3906:
3901:
3871:
3861:
3821:
3811:
3791:
3741:
3721:
3701:
3696:
3676:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3626:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3581:
3566:
3556:
3536:
3515:
3500:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3450:
3445:
3430:
3415:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3331:
3316:
3306:
3281:
3276:
3257:
3247:
3228:
3223:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3138:
3082:
3072:
3062:
3052:
2992:
2982:
2962:
2957:
2942:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2878:
2873:
2822:
2817:
2797:
2792:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2722:
2683:
2668:
2658:
2619:
2605:
2501:
2491:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2407:
2383:
2357:
2347:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2312:
2282:
2267:
2240:
2202:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2157:
2153:
2116:
2075:
2055:
2035:
2020:
1986:
1966:
1918:
1913:
1684:
1679:
1615:
1574:
1551:
1496:
1478:
1382:
1325:
1286:
1281:
1271:
1266:
1239:
1230:
1220:
1184:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1144:
131:
4190:
399:
6016:
5966:
5882:
5850:
5706:
5633:
5623:
5535:
5475:
5465:
5285:
5240:
5037:
4810:
4718:
4713:
4698:
4583:
4533:
4508:
4380:
4330:
4285:
4096:
4086:
4071:
4051:
4041:
4016:
3986:
3966:
3961:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3881:
3876:
3846:
3816:
3806:
3771:
3756:
3716:
3706:
3691:
3681:
3666:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3596:
3591:
3571:
3541:
3505:
3460:
3455:
3420:
3380:
3321:
3301:
3262:
3208:
3193:
3178:
3148:
3109:
3077:
3042:
3037:
3007:
2952:
2934:
2930:
2900:
2892:
2832:
2772:
2742:
2717:
2678:
2644:
2600:
2538:
2469:
2461:
2442:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2397:
2387:
2352:
2322:
2307:
2302:
2287:
2277:
2256:
2227:
2207:
2196:
2149:
2136:
2131:
2121:
2111:
2040:
1981:
1952:
1908:
1674:
1664:
1639:
1302:
1179:
1154:
1044:
297:
205:
46:
1052:
994:
955:
568:
very limited scope) that suggested additive effect from drug combination.15
355:
739:
678:
601:
562:
554:
347:
5991:
5986:
5877:
5550:
5107:
4628:
4608:
4513:
4350:
3981:
3971:
3921:
3796:
3781:
3776:
3586:
3551:
3546:
3520:
3495:
3362:
3252:
3218:
3099:
2997:
2987:
2967:
2938:
2924:
2868:
2842:
2827:
2709:
2639:
2528:
2518:
2402:
2248:
2232:
2176:
2012:
1947:
1597:
1488:
1123:
522:
281:
709:
6100:
6071:
6041:
6011:
5961:
5711:
5696:
5555:
5305:
5184:
5162:
4960:
4498:
4270:
4253:
4076:
4056:
4031:
3926:
3651:
3576:
3017:
2585:
2533:
2487:
106:
6066:
6061:
5773:
4980:
4975:
4940:
4668:
3346:
2693:
2575:
1996:
1785:
1310:
1102:
986:
391:
285:
273:
dose titration in asthma therapy owing to the toxicity of ephedrine.
240:
221:
264:, among other drugs. A combination of theophylline, ephedrine, and
5530:
5092:
5032:
1780:
1314:
269:
5189:
4900:
4593:
4563:
2777:
696:
O'Loughlin JM (March 1979). "Drug therapy of bronchial asthma".
4194:
1842:
1070:
855:
Emergency
Medical Care: A Manual for the Paramedic in the Field
16:
Combination of theophylline and ephedrine used to treat asthma
5747:
5669:
5606:
536:
534:
532:
615:
613:
611:
336:
721:
719:
177:
728:
European
Journal of Respiratory Diseases. Supplement
5951:
5901:
5789:
5772:
5745:
5667:
5604:
5587:
5198:
4777:
4762:
4279:
4248:
4231:
3529:
3131:
3122:
2856:
2563:
2551:
2104:
1891:
1879:
1726:
Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
1693:
1657:
1629:
1606:
1588:
1560:
1550:
1487:
1464:
1416:
1363:
1295:
1253:
1207:
1131:
1118:
832:
Project Label: Alphabetical Listing by Drug Product
825:
823:
821:
150:
130:
105:
85:
80:
72:
62:
57:
45:
33:
28:
4317:4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6''-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil
119:
1711:Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide
906:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016. p. 810.
329:
327:
325:
323:
94:
4784:
1033:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
659:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
503:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
5752:Tooltip Plasma membrane monoamine transporter
5674:Tooltip Equilibrative nucleoside transporters
5611:Tooltip Concentrative nucleoside transporters
4206:
1854:
1751:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone
1082:
235:Combinations of theophylline, ephedrine, and
8:
1721:Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
21:
276:The effects of theophylline/ephedrine as a
5786:
5601:
4774:
4245:
4213:
4199:
4191:
3128:
2560:
1888:
1861:
1847:
1839:
1557:
1128:
1089:
1075:
1067:
373:
371:
369:
139:
620:Stargrove M, Treasure J, McKee D (2007).
182:Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name
159:
5791:
763:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 53.
626:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 45.
378:Head S (2022). "A breath of fresh air".
319:
268:has been marketed under the brand name
1590:Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
797:. ISSN. Elsevier Science. p. 92.
543:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
20:
794:Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry
7:
1786:Theophylline/ephedrine/phenobarbital
698:The Medical Clinics of North America
110:
5173:Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine)
1781:Theophylline/ephedrine/hydroxyzine
1746:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide
594:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1991.tb04969.x
14:
1771:Salbutamol (albuterol)/budesonide
1741:Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
1736:Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol
757:Khouzam H, Tan D, Gill T (2007).
476:National Archives (U.S.) (1978).
1608:Thromboxane receptor antagonists
948:10.2165/00019053-200624100-00005
760:Handbook of Emergency Psychiatry
582:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
6177:Norepinephrine releasing agents
4169:Monoamine metabolism modulators
1791:Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
455:World Health Organization (WHO)
6142:Adenosine receptor antagonists
4789:Tooltip Adenosine triphosphate
1761:Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol
1731:Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol
1346:Orciprenaline (metaproterenol)
210:norepinephrine releasing agent
192:among others, is a fixed-dose
52:Norepinephrine releasing agent
1:
6117:Receptor/signaling modulators
4479:8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine
4151:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
4124:Receptor/signaling modulators
1701:Aclidinium bromide/formoterol
1189:Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol)
1008:Sidney KH, Lefcoe NM (1978).
422:. Springer US. p. 1179.
202:adenosine receptor antagonist
40:Adenosine receptor antagonist
1336:Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)
671:10.1016/0091-6749(86)90058-8
515:10.1016/0091-6749(78)90066-0
188:, sold under the brand name
3234:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
2611:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
2458:Tetracyclic antidepressants
1924:Deoxyepinephrine (epinine,
1311:+theophylline/phenobarbital
1099:obstructive airway diseases
216:, which has been used as a
6203:
5619:6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone
4326:-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
4160:Monoamine releasing agents
278:performance-enhancing drug
6110:
4114:
2476:Tricyclic antidepressants
1799:
975:Drug Testing and Analysis
6147:Beta-Hydroxyamphetamines
5796:Tooltip Xanthine oxidase
1706:Beclometasone/formoterol
1315:theophylline/hydroxyzine
1255:Ultra-long-acting β
5386:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
2889:Atypical antipsychotics
2142:Atypical antipsychotics
1562:Leukotriene antagonists
1045:10.1067/mai.2000.107749
194:combination formulation
5830:Cinnamomum osmophloeum
4539:Choline theophyllinate
3088:Typical antipsychotics
2571:(R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline
2507:Typical antipsychotics
1776:Theophylline/ephedrine
1756:Indacaterol/mometasone
1517:Choline theophyllinate
1436:Glycopyrronium bromide
1398:Fluticasone propionate
1185:Salbutamol (albuterol)
791:Heinzelman RV (1972).
451:"INN Proposed List 14"
212:and indirectly acting
186:theophylline/ephedrine
173:Theophylline ephedrine
23:Theophylline/ephedrine
5073:Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
4414:-Cyclopentyladenosine
4178:Monoamine neurotoxins
1766:Mometasone/formoterol
1716:Budesonide/formoterol
1466:Mast cell stabilizers
1423:muscarinic antagonist
555:10.1002/cpt1975175585
348:10.3233/JRS-1991-2401
214:sympathomimetic agent
5872:Pistacia integerrima
5178:Ligusticum wallichii
5156:Ligusticum wallichii
4484:8-Phenyltheophylline
4474:8-Chlorotheophylline
4424:Neladenoson dalanate
3747:Dichloroisoprenaline
1694:Combination products
1456:Umeclidinium bromide
1014:Can J Appl Sport Sci
220:in the treatment of
3426:Phenylpropanolamine
3292:Ethylnorepinephrine
2768:Phenylpropanolamine
2674:Ethylnorepinephrine
2071:Phenylpropanolamine
1977:Ethylnorepinephrine
1870:Adrenergic receptor
1441:Ipratropium bromide
1133:Short-acting β
665:(4 Pt 2): 762–768.
25:
6157:Cardiac stimulants
1826:Never to phase III
1451:Tiotropium bromide
1446:Oxitropium bromide
1431:Aclidinium bromide
1209:Long-acting β
226:nasal decongestant
6162:Combination drugs
6124:
6123:
5947:
5946:
5924:Mycophenolic acid
5783:
5768:
5767:
5598:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5150:Angelica sinensis
4242:
4188:
4187:
4181:
4172:
4163:
4154:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4110:
4109:
3857:Iodocyanopindolol
3832:Hydroxytertatolol
3752:Dihydroalprenolol
3365:
3357:
3349:
3266:
3118:
3117:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2648:
2630:Dihydroergotamine
2547:
2546:
2380:hydroxynefazodone
2245:dihydroergotamine
2015:
2007:
1999:
1956:
1836:
1835:
1653:
1652:
1359:
1358:
936:PharmacoEconomics
913:978-0-323-41427-2
804:978-0-08-058351-8
770:978-0-323-07661-6
633:978-0-323-02964-3
457:. 31 October 1964
429:978-1-4757-2085-3
170:
169:
6194:
6182:Sympathomimetics
5797:
5793:
5787:
5777:
5753:
5749:
5675:
5671:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5592:
4986:Rheum officinale
4790:
4786:
4775:
4519:Caffeine citrate
4469:7-Methylxanthine
4302:-methyladenosine
4246:
4236:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4192:
4175:
4166:
4157:
4148:
4139:
4130:
4118:
3827:Hydroxycarteolol
3391:Methoxyphenamine
3363:
3355:
3350:-DOPA (levodopa)
3347:
3264:
3238:-methyldopamine)
3129:
3033:Phenoxybenzamine
2710:
2702:
2697:-DOPA (levodopa)
2694:
2646:
2615:-methyldopamine)
2561:
2373:Phenylpiperazine
2363:Phenoxybenzamine
2013:
2005:
2000:-DOPA (levodopa)
1997:
1954:
1938:Dexisometheptene
1928:-methyldopamine)
1889:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1840:
1558:
1418:Anticholinergics
1129:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1005:
999:
998:
987:10.1002/dta.2970
970:
964:
963:
931:
925:
924:
922:
920:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
827:
816:
815:
813:
811:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
754:
748:
747:
723:
714:
713:
693:
687:
686:
654:
648:
647:
641:
640:
617:
606:
605:
577:
571:
570:
538:
527:
526:
498:
492:
491:
489:
487:
479:Federal Register
473:
467:
466:
464:
462:
447:
441:
440:
438:
436:
413:
407:
406:
392:10.1002/psb.1973
375:
364:
363:
331:
183:
179:
163:
143:
123:
113:
112:
98:
26:
24:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6152:Bronchodilators
6137:Abandoned drugs
6127:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6106:
5943:
5897:
5795:
5776:
5764:
5751:
5741:
5737:Propentofylline
5687:Benzodiazepines
5673:
5663:
5610:
5591:
5575:
5194:
5145:Sodium ferulate
5113:Radix puerariae
5088:Phenolphthalein
4788:
4781:
4766:
4758:
4659:Propentofylline
4599:Isovaleric acid
4283:
4275:
4235:
4227:
4222:Purine receptor
4219:
4189:
4184:
4106:
3525:
3114:
2852:
2625:Dexmedetomidine
2556:
2543:
2376:antidepressants
2100:
1933:Desglymidodrine
1884:
1875:
1867:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1816:Clinical trials
1795:
1689:
1649:
1632:PDE4 inhibitors
1625:
1602:
1584:
1546:
1483:
1460:
1421:
1412:
1365:Glucocorticoids
1355:
1341:Methylephedrine
1291:
1258:
1249:
1212:
1203:
1136:
1114:
1095:
1065:
1064:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1007:
1006:
1002:
972:
971:
967:
942:(10): 971–988.
933:
932:
928:
918:
916:
914:
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
876:
875:
871:
861:
859:
852:
851:
847:
838:
836:
829:
828:
819:
809:
807:
805:
790:
789:
785:
775:
773:
771:
756:
755:
751:
725:
724:
717:
695:
694:
690:
656:
655:
651:
638:
636:
634:
619:
618:
609:
579:
578:
574:
540:
539:
530:
500:
499:
495:
485:
483:
475:
474:
470:
460:
458:
449:
448:
444:
434:
432:
430:
416:Elks J (2014).
415:
414:
410:
377:
376:
367:
333:
332:
321:
316:
294:
252:and with other
250:pseudoephedrine
181:
166:
146:
126:
109:
101:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6200:
6198:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6172:Ergogenic aids
6169:
6167:Drugs in sport
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6129:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5826:
5824:Cinnamaldehyde
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5784:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5756:
5754:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5727:Pentoxifylline
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5599:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5204:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4794:
4792:
4772:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4649:Pentoxifylline
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4604:Istradefylline
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4298:2-(1-Hexynyl)-
4291:
4289:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4266:8-Aminoadenine
4259:
4257:
4243:
4229:
4228:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4195:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3737:Dexpropranolol
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Norepinephrine
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3371:Levosalbutamol
3368:
3360:
3358:-Phenylalanine
3352:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3092:chlorpromazine
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2928:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2848:Xylometazoline
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Norepinephrine
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2705:-Phenylalanine
2699:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2511:chlorpromazine
2504:
2499:
2473:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2170:
2165:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2096:Xylometazoline
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:Norepinephrine
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2008:-Phenylalanine
2002:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1658:Others/unknown
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1039:(3): 444–452.
1023:
1000:
965:
926:
912:
893:
869:
845:
817:
803:
783:
769:
749:
715:
704:(2): 391–396.
688:
649:
632:
607:
588:(3): 243–247.
572:
549:(5): 585–592.
528:
493:
468:
442:
428:
408:
365:
342:(4): 171–184.
318:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
293:
290:
218:bronchodilator
168:
167:
165:
164:
156:
154:
148:
147:
145:
144:
136:
134:
128:
127:
125:
124:
116:
114:
103:
102:
100:
99:
91:
89:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
68:Franol, others
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
49:
43:
42:
37:
31:
30:
29:Combination of
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6199:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6109:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5814:Benzbromarone
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5586:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:AR-C 118925XX
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:UDP-galactose
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:Chelerythrine
4969:
4967:
4966:Calmidazolium
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4851:Cibacron blue
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:Theodrenaline
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4664:Proxyphylline
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4494:Aminophylline
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:Serotonergics
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:Dopaminergics
4129:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Levobetaxolol
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3727:Cyanopindolol
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Orciprenaline
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3312:Hexoprenaline
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Esmirtazapine
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2897:brexpiprazole
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Oxymetazoline
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Apraclonidine
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2550:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:amitriptyline
2477:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:triazoledione
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:Beta blockers
2171:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:brexpiprazole
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Phenylephrine
2064:
2062:
2061:Oxymetazoline
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1992:Isometheptene
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1630:Non-xanthine
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Proxyphylline
1535:
1533:
1532:Etamiphylline
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Aminophylline
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1408:Triamcinolone
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Betamethasone
1376:
1374:
1373:Beclometasone
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:Hexoprenaline
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:+theophylline
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
969:
966:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
915:
909:
905:
904:
897:
894:
881:
880:
873:
870:
857:
856:
849:
846:
834:
833:
826:
824:
822:
818:
806:
800:
796:
795:
787:
784:
772:
766:
762:
761:
753:
750:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
722:
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
653:
650:
646:
635:
629:
625:
624:
616:
614:
612:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
576:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
537:
535:
533:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
494:
481:
480:
472:
469:
456:
452:
446:
443:
431:
425:
421:
420:
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
330:
328:
326:
324:
320:
313:
309:
308:Theodrenaline
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
291:
289:
287:
283:
279:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
238:
237:phenobarbital
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
180:
174:
162:
158:
157:
155:
153:
149:
142:
138:
137:
135:
133:
129:
122:
118:
117:
115:
108:
104:
97:
93:
92:
90:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
53:
50:
48:
44:
41:
38:
36:
32:
27:
19:
6113:
6112:
6097:Chrysophanol
6093:
6037:Hypoxanthine
5958:
5938:
5934:Pralatrexate
5919:Methotrexate
5914:Azathioprine
5893:Topiroxostat
5870:
5841:Myo-inositol
5828:
5819:Caffeic acid
5732:Progesterone
5702:Dipyridamole
5682:Barbiturates
5659:Progesterone
5441:AR-C 69931MX
5436:AR-C 67085MX
5408:Antagonists:
5407:
5261:AR-C 67085MX
5207:
5176:
5154:
5148:
5111:
5078:Oxidized-ATP
5023:JNJ-47965567
4984:
4908:Antagonists:
4907:
4881:L-β,γ-Me-ATP
4861:D-β,γ-Me-ATP
4797:
4734:Theophylline
4644:Paraxanthine
4589:Fenethylline
4579:Enprofylline
4544:Ciforadenant
4466:Antagonists:
4465:
4429:Piclidenoson
4411:
4323:
4307:2-Cl-IB-MECA
4299:
4294:
4262:
4176:
4167:
4158:
4149:
4140:
4131:
4120:
4119:
3912:Metipranolol
3897:Levomoprolol
3842:Idropranolol
3337:Isoprenaline
3235:
3159:Arformoterol
3104:thioridazine
3096:fluphenazine
3068:Spiroxatrine
3028:Phentolamine
2947:tandospirone
2913:paliperidone
2803:Tasipimidine
2783:Rezatomidine
2728:Medetomidine
2612:
2523:thioridazine
2515:fluphenazine
2496:trimipramine
2484:clomipramine
2368:Phentolamine
2237:acetergamine
2213:Corynanthine
1925:
1775:
1670:Ensifentrine
1542:Theophylline
1527:Enprofylline
1502:Ambuphylline
1474:Cromoglicate
1351:Racephedrine
1235:Arformoterol
1056:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1017:
1013:
1003:
981:(1): 36–43.
978:
974:
968:
959:
939:
935:
929:
917:. Retrieved
902:
896:
884:. Retrieved
878:
872:
860:. Retrieved
854:
848:
837:. Retrieved
831:
808:. Retrieved
793:
786:
774:. Retrieved
759:
752:
743:
731:
727:
701:
697:
691:
682:
662:
658:
652:
643:
637:. Retrieved
622:
585:
581:
575:
566:
546:
542:
509:(1): 15–21.
506:
502:
496:
484:. Retrieved
478:
471:
459:. Retrieved
454:
445:
433:. Retrieved
418:
411:
403:
386:(2): 41–42.
383:
379:
359:
339:
335:
303:Fenethylline
275:
262:butabarbital
254:barbiturates
246:racephedrine
239:(brand name
234:
230:side effects
198:theophylline
189:
185:
172:
171:
35:Theophylline
18:
5959:Precursors:
5939:Many others
5909:Aminopterin
5866:Phytic acid
5809:Amflutizole
5804:Allopurinol
5760:Decynium-22
5717:Hexobendine
5589:Transporter
5566:Ticlopidine
5471:Clopidogrel
5381:UDP-glucose
5120:Purotoxin 1
4951:AZ-11645373
4946:AZ-10606120
4744:Tracazolate
4724:Theobromine
4709:SCH-442,416
4704:Rolofylline
4654:Preladenant
4524:Cartazolate
4504:Bamifylline
4454:Tecadenoson
4449:Sonedenoson
4444:Selodenoson
4439:SDZ WAG 994
4434:Regadenoson
4419:Namodenoson
4371:Capadenoson
4366:Binodenoson
4361:BAY 60–6583
4037:Spirendolol
4012:Propranolol
4007:Propafenone
4002:Pronethalol
3892:Levobunolol
3867:Isoxaprolol
3852:Indopanolol
3837:ICI-118,551
3802:Eugenodilol
3787:Ersentilide
3767:Draquinolol
3762:Diprafenone
3732:Dalbraminol
3712:Cicloprolol
3687:Carpindolol
3672:Butofilolol
3617:Bornaprolol
3562:Alprenoxime
3530:Antagonists
3491:Tulobuterol
3486:Tretoquinol
3481:Terbutaline
3441:Ractopamine
3436:Prenalterol
3342:Isoxsuprine
3327:Indacaterol
3297:Eugenodilol
3287:Etilevodopa
3272:Epinephrine
3263:Droxidopa (
3243:Dipivefrine
3214:Clenbuterol
3058:Setiptiline
3048:Rauwolscine
3023:Pardoprunox
3013:Mirtazapine
2978:Fenmetozole
2921:risperidone
2884:Atipamezole
2857:Antagonists
2813:Tiamenidine
2808:Tetryzoline
2788:Rilmenidine
2753:Naphazoline
2689:Guanoxabenz
2664:Epinephrine
2654:Etilevodopa
2645:Droxidopa (
2635:Dipivefrine
2596:Brimonidine
2466:maprotiline
2343:Pardoprunox
2338:Niguldipine
2298:Mepiprazole
2273:Hydroxyzine
2263:Etoperidone
2253:nicergoline
2223:Domesticine
2218:Dapiprazole
2193:eugenodilol
2168:Benoxathian
2162:risperidone
2127:Anisodamine
2105:Antagonists
2086:Tiamenidine
2081:Tetryzoline
2046:Naphazoline
2031:Methoxamine
2026:Metaraminol
1972:Etilevodopa
1962:Epinephrine
1953:Droxidopa (
1943:Dipivefrine
1904:Amidephrine
1812:from market
1645:Roflumilast
1621:Seratrodast
1580:Zafirlukast
1570:Montelukast
1522:Doxofylline
1512:Bamifylline
1393:Flunisolide
1388:Ciclesonide
1321:Epinephrine
1277:Indacaterol
1226:Clenbuterol
1199:Tulobuterol
1194:Terbutaline
1120:Adrenergics
734:: 103–119.
266:hydroxyzine
258:amobarbital
81:Identifiers
73:Other names
64:Trade names
6131:Categories
5929:Pemetrexed
5888:Tisopurine
5861:Oxipurinol
5856:Niraxostat
5846:Kaempferol
5836:Febuxostat
5780:inhibitors
5692:Cilostazol
5654:Phloridzin
5561:Ticagrelor
5431:AR-C 66096
5291:Diquafosol
5236:α,β-Me-ATP
5221:2-Thio-UTP
5130:Ro 0437626
5083:Phenol Red
4998:Gefapixant
4993:Evans blue
4876:Ivermectin
4806:α,β-Me-ATP
4769:nucleotide
4754:ZM-241,385
4739:Tozadenant
4614:MRE3008F20
4574:Dyphylline
4559:Dimethazan
4489:Acefylline
4459:UK-432,097
4391:Evodenoson
4386:CP-532,903
4346:Apadenoson
4225:modulators
4102:Xipranolol
4092:Toliprolol
4082:Tiprenolol
4067:Tienoxolol
4062:Tertatolol
4047:Sulfinalol
4027:Soquinolol
4022:Ronactolol
3997:Procinolol
3992:Primidolol
3977:Penbutolol
3957:Pacrinolol
3952:Oxprenolol
3947:Nipradilol
3917:Metoprolol
3907:Mepindolol
3902:Medroxalol
3872:Isamoltane
3862:Iprocrolol
3822:Flusoxolol
3812:Falintolol
3792:Esatenolol
3742:Diacetolol
3722:Cloranolol
3702:Celiprolol
3697:Carvedilol
3677:Capsinolol
3662:Butaxamine
3657:Bupranolol
3647:Bunitrolol
3627:Bucindolol
3622:Brefonalol
3612:Bopindolol
3607:Bisoprolol
3602:Bevantolol
3582:Arotinolol
3567:Amosulalol
3557:Alprenolol
3537:Acebutolol
3516:Zilpaterol
3501:Vilanterol
3476:Solabegron
3471:Salmeterol
3466:Salbutamol
3451:Reproterol
3446:Procaterol
3431:Pirbuterol
3416:Oxyfedrine
3401:Mirabegron
3396:Methyldopa
3386:Melevodopa
3376:Lubabegron
3332:Isoetarine
3317:Higenamine
3307:Formoterol
3282:Etilefrine
3277:Etafedrine
3258:Dopexamine
3248:Dobutamine
3229:Denopamine
3224:Corbadrine
3204:Carmoterol
3199:Carbuterol
3189:Broxaterol
3184:Bitolterol
3174:Bambuterol
3164:Arotinolol
3154:Arbutamine
3144:Alifedrine
3139:Abediterol
3083:Tolazoline
3073:Sunepitron
3063:Spegatrine
3053:Rotigotine
2993:Ketanserin
2983:Fluparoxan
2963:Cirazoline
2958:Buflomedil
2943:ipsapirone
2931:Azapirones
2917:quetiapine
2909:olanzapine
2905:lurasidone
2879:Aptazapine
2874:Amesergide
2823:Tolonidine
2818:Tizanidine
2798:Talipexole
2793:Romifidine
2748:Moxonidine
2738:Methyldopa
2733:Melevodopa
2723:Lofexidine
2684:Guanfacine
2669:Etilefrine
2659:Ergotamine
2620:Detomidine
2606:Corbadrine
2502:Trimazosin
2492:imipramine
2453:Tolazoline
2448:Tiodazosin
2438:Tamsulosin
2433:Talipexole
2423:Spegatrine
2408:Quinazosin
2384:nefazodone
2358:Phendioxan
2348:Pelanserin
2333:Niaprazine
2328:Neldazosin
2318:Naftopidil
2313:Moxisylyte
2283:Ketanserin
2268:Fenspiride
2241:ergotamine
2203:Buflomedil
2189:carvedilol
2185:arotinolol
2181:amosulalol
2158:quetiapine
2154:olanzapine
2117:Ajmalicine
2076:Synephrine
2056:Octopamine
2036:Methyldopa
2021:Melevodopa
1987:Indanidine
1967:Etilefrine
1919:Corbadrine
1914:Cirazoline
1873:modulators
1685:Omalizumab
1680:Fenspiride
1616:Ramatroban
1575:Pranlukast
1554:inhibition
1552:Eicosanoid
1497:Acefylline
1479:Nedocromil
1403:Mometasone
1383:Budesonide
1326:Etafedrine
1287:Vilanterol
1282:Olodaterol
1272:Carmoterol
1267:Abediterol
1245:Salmefamol
1240:Salmeterol
1231:Formoterol
1221:Bambuterol
1175:Reproterol
1170:Procaterol
1165:Pirbuterol
1160:Isoetarine
1150:Carbuterol
1145:Bitolterol
1097:Drugs for
839:2024-08-31
639:2024-08-31
380:Prescriber
314:References
161:LMS3EG69X8
132:ChemSpider
96:15766-94-6
87:CAS Number
6187:Xanthines
6114:See also:
6017:Guanosine
5967:Adenosine
5883:Quercetin
5851:Myricetin
5707:Estradiol
5634:Estradiol
5624:Adenosine
5536:Prasugrel
5476:Elinogrel
5466:Cangrelor
5411:2-Me-SAMP
5351:PAPET-ATP
5311:INS-37217
5286:Denufosol
5241:Adenosine
5231:5-OMe-UDP
5216:2-Me-SATP
5211:2-Me-SADP
5208:Agonists:
5103:PSB-12062
5038:Magnesium
5003:GW-791343
4891:PAPET-ATP
4811:Adenosine
4801:2-Me-SATP
4798:Agonists:
4719:Theacrine
4714:SCH-58261
4699:Reversine
4584:Etazolate
4534:CGS-15943
4509:Cafedrine
4381:CGS-21680
4331:Adenosine
4312:2'-MeCCPA
4295:Agonists:
4286:adenosine
4263:Agonists:
4121:See also:
4097:Xibenolol
4087:Tolamolol
4072:Tilisolol
4052:Talinolol
4042:SR 59230A
4017:Ridazolol
3987:Practolol
3967:Pamatolol
3962:Pafenolol
3942:Nifenalol
3937:Nebivolol
3932:Nadoxolol
3882:Landiolol
3877:Labetalol
3847:Indenolol
3817:Flestolol
3807:Exaprolol
3772:Ecastolol
3757:Dilevalol
3717:Cinamolol
3707:Cetamolol
3692:Carteolol
3682:Carazolol
3667:Butidrine
3642:Bufuralol
3637:Bufetolol
3632:Bucumolol
3597:Betaxolol
3592:Befunolol
3572:Ancarolol
3542:Adaprolol
3506:Xamoterol
3461:Ritodrine
3456:Rimiterol
3421:PF-610355
3381:Mabuterol
3366:-Tyrosine
3322:Ibopamine
3302:Fenoterol
3209:Cimaterol
3194:Buphenine
3179:Befunolol
3149:Amibegron
3110:Yohimbine
3078:Terguride
3043:Piribedil
3038:Piperoxan
3008:Mianserin
2953:BRL-44408
2935:buspirone
2901:clozapine
2893:asenapine
2833:Vatinoxan
2773:Piperoxan
2743:Mivazerol
2718:Ibopamine
2713:-Tyrosine
2679:Guanabenz
2601:Clonidine
2539:Zolertine
2470:mianserin
2462:amoxapine
2443:Terazosin
2428:Spiperone
2418:Silodosin
2413:Quinidine
2398:Piperoxan
2388:trazodone
2353:Perlapine
2323:Nantenine
2308:Monatepil
2303:Metazosin
2288:L-765,314
2278:Indoramin
2257:terguride
2233:Ergolines
2228:Doxazosin
2208:Bunazosin
2197:labetalol
2150:clozapine
2137:Atiprosin
2132:Anisodine
2122:Alfuzosin
2112:Abanoquil
2041:Midodrine
2016:-Tyrosine
1982:Ibopamine
1909:Buspirone
1822:Phase III
1810:Withdrawn
1675:Eprozinol
1665:Amlexanox
1640:Ibudilast
1489:Xanthines
1303:Ephedrine
1180:Rimiterol
1155:Fenoterol
1124:inhalants
919:31 August
886:31 August
862:31 August
810:30 August
776:30 August
486:30 August
461:29 August
435:29 August
400:0959-6682
298:Cafedrine
232:however.
224:and as a
206:ephedrine
47:Ephedrine
5992:Cytidine
5987:Cytosine
5878:Propolis
5644:KGO-2173
5639:KGO-2142
5629:dMeThPmR
5595:blockers
5551:Regrelor
5541:PSB-0739
5511:MRS-2578
5506:MRS-2500
5501:MRS-2395
5496:MRS-2279
5491:MRS-2211
5486:MRS-2179
5361:PSB-1114
5356:PSB-0474
5341:MRS-4062
5336:MRS-2957
5331:MRS-2768
5326:MRS-2693
5321:MRS-2690
5316:MRS-2365
5226:5-Br-UDP
5168:TC-P 262
5108:Puerarin
5043:MRS-2159
5018:isoPPADS
4936:A-839977
4931:A-804598
4926:A-740003
4921:A-438079
4916:A-317491
4886:MRS-2219
4749:VUF-5574
4694:PSB-1115
4639:MRS-3777
4634:MRS-1754
4629:MRS-1706
4624:MRS-1334
4619:MRS-1220
4609:KF-26777
4554:CVT-6883
4529:CGH-2466
4514:Caffeine
4406:LUF-5845
4401:LUF-5835
4396:GR 79236
4351:ATL-146e
4233:Receptor
3982:Pindolol
3972:Pargolol
3922:Moprolol
3797:Esprolol
3782:Ericolol
3777:Epanolol
3587:Atenolol
3552:Afurolol
3547:Adimolol
3521:Zinterol
3496:Vibegron
3253:Dopamine
3219:Colterol
3132:Agonists
3100:loxapine
2998:Lisuride
2988:Idazoxan
2968:Efaroxan
2939:gepirone
2925:zotepine
2869:Adimolol
2843:Xylazine
2828:Urapidil
2640:Dopamine
2564:Agonists
2529:Urapidil
2519:loxapine
2403:Prazosin
2249:lisuride
2177:adimolol
1948:Dopamine
1892:Agonists
1598:Zileuton
1259:agonists
1213:agonists
1137:agonists
1053:10984362
1020:: 93–97.
995:33188564
956:17002480
356:23511913
292:See also
282:exercise
256:such as
141:34992091
121:86278139
6101:rhubarb
6094:Others:
6072:Uridine
6042:Inosine
6012:Guanine
5962:Adenine
5712:Ethanol
5697:Dilazep
5649:MeThPmR
5556:Suramin
5461:C1330-7
5306:INS-365
5185:TNP-ATP
5163:Suramin
4961:Calcium
4689:PSB-788
4684:PSB-603
4499:ATL-444
4271:Adenine
4254:adenine
4239:ligands
4077:Timolol
4057:Tazolol
4032:Sotalol
3927:Nadolol
3652:Bunolol
3577:Arnolol
3511:XP21279
3090:(e.g.,
3018:NAN-190
2933:(e.g.,
2891:(e.g.,
2838:XP21279
2586:Amitraz
2534:WB-4101
2509:(e.g.,
2488:doxepin
2478:(e.g.,
2460:(e.g.,
2378:(e.g.,
2235:(e.g.,
2175:(e.g.,
2144:(e.g.,
2091:XP21279
740:7002576
679:3534057
602:2019665
563:1092514
107:PubChem
6067:Uracil
6062:Ribose
5952:Others
5902:Others
5774:Enzyme
5521:NF-340
5516:NF-157
5416:A3P5PS
5346:NF-546
5068:NF-449
5063:NF-279
5058:NF-157
5053:NF-110
5048:NF-023
4981:Emodin
4976:Copper
4941:AF-353
4911:5-BDBD
4871:HT-AMP
4679:PSB-36
4674:PSB-11
4669:PSB-10
3267:-DOPS)
2649:-DOPS)
2576:4-NEMD
1957:-DOPS)
1805:WHO-EM
1103:asthma
1051:
993:
954:
910:
801:
767:
738:
708:
677:
630:
600:
561:
523:350932
521:
426:
398:
354:
286:sports
241:Tedral
222:asthma
204:, and
190:Franol
184:), or
5722:NBMPR
5531:PPADS
5456:BzATP
5421:AMPαS
5401:UTPγS
5371:UDPβS
5271:ATPγS
5251:ADPβS
5135:Ro 51
5098:PPNDS
5093:PPADS
5033:KN-62
5028:KN-04
4846:BzATP
4841:ATPγS
4569:DPCPX
2581:6-FNE
1899:6-FNE
1296:Other
710:35721
270:Marax
200:, an
5748:PMAT
5670:ENTs
5607:CNTs
5546:RB-2
5481:Ip5I
5426:Ap4A
5391:Up3U
5281:dATP
5256:Ap3A
5190:Zinc
5140:RO-3
5125:RB-2
5013:Ip5I
4901:Zinc
4831:Ap5A
4826:Ap4A
4594:IBMX
4564:DMPX
4376:CCPA
3169:BAAM
3003:mCPP
2864:1-PP
2778:PS75
2293:mCPP
1107:COPD
1049:PMID
991:PMID
952:PMID
921:2024
908:ISBN
888:2024
864:2024
812:2024
799:ISBN
778:2024
765:ISBN
736:PMID
706:PMID
675:PMID
628:ISBN
598:PMID
559:PMID
519:PMID
488:2024
463:2024
437:2024
424:ISBN
396:ISSN
352:PMID
284:and
260:and
248:and
208:, a
152:UNII
6087:UTP
6082:UDP
6077:UMP
6057:ITP
6052:IDP
6047:IMP
6032:GTP
6027:GDP
6022:GMP
6007:CTP
6002:CDP
5997:CMP
5982:ATP
5977:ADP
5972:AMP
5571:UDP
5526:PIT
5451:ATP
5396:UTP
5366:UDP
5301:ITP
5296:IDP
5276:CTP
5266:ATP
5246:ADP
5200:P2Y
5008:HMA
4956:BBG
4896:UTP
4866:GTP
4856:CTP
4836:ATP
4821:AMP
4816:ADP
4785:ATP
4779:P2X
4549:CPX
4356:ATP
4341:AMP
4336:ADP
4322:5'-
1111:R03
1041:doi
1037:106
983:doi
944:doi
732:109
667:doi
590:doi
551:doi
511:doi
388:doi
344:doi
280:in
196:of
178:INN
111:CID
6133::
5792:XO
5153:,
4764:P2
4281:P1
4250:P0
3102:,
3098:,
3094:,
2945:,
2941:,
2937:,
2923:,
2919:,
2915:,
2911:,
2907:,
2903:,
2899:,
2895:,
2521:,
2517:,
2513:,
2494:,
2490:,
2486:,
2482:,
2468:,
2464:,
2390:,
2386:,
2382:,
2255:,
2251:,
2247:,
2243:,
2239:,
2195:,
2191:,
2187:,
2183:,
2179:,
2160:,
2156:,
2152:,
2148:,
1818::
1313:,
1309:,
1122:,
1101::
1055:.
1047:.
1035:.
1016:.
1012:.
989:.
979:13
977:.
958:.
950:.
940:24
938:.
820:^
742:.
730:.
718:^
702:63
700:.
681:.
673:.
663:78
661:.
642:.
610:^
596:.
586:31
584:.
565:.
557:.
547:17
545:.
531:^
517:.
507:62
505:.
453:.
402:.
394:.
384:33
382:.
368:^
358:.
350:.
338:.
322:^
6103:)
6099:(
5782:)
5778:(
5597:)
5593:(
5181:)
5175:(
5159:)
5147:(
5116:)
5110:(
4989:)
4983:(
4791:)
4782:(
4771:)
4767:(
4412:N
4324:N
4300:N
4288:)
4284:(
4256:)
4252:(
4241:)
4237:(
4214:e
4207:t
4200:v
3364:L
3356:L
3348:L
3265:L
3236:N
3124:β
3106:)
2949:)
2927:)
2711:L
2703:L
2695:L
2647:L
2613:N
2555:2
2553:α
2525:)
2498:)
2472:)
2394:)
2259:)
2199:)
2164:)
2014:L
2006:L
1998:L
1955:L
1926:N
1883:1
1881:α
1862:e
1855:t
1848:v
1420:/
1317:)
1305:(
1257:2
1233:/
1211:2
1187:/
1135:2
1113:)
1109:(
1105:/
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
1043::
1018:3
997:.
985::
946::
923:.
890:.
866:.
842:.
814:.
780:.
712:.
669::
604:.
592::
553::
525:.
513::
490:.
465:.
439:.
390::
346::
340:2
175:(
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