1151:, which he repeatedly invoked in his subsequent writings. Like Hegel, C.S. Peirce attempted to develop a system of categories from a single indisputable principle, in Peirce's case the notion that in the first instance he could only be aware of his own ideas. "It seems that the true categories of consciousness are first, feeling ... second, a sense of resistance ... and third, synthetic consciousness, or thought". Elsewhere he called the three primary categories:
320:’s early interests lay in the classification of the natural world, how for example the genus "animal" could be first divided into "two-footed animal" and then into "wingless, two-footed animal". He realised that the distinctions were being made according to the qualities the animal possesses, the quantity of its parts and the kind of motion that it exhibits. To fully complete the proposition "this animal is ..." Aristotle stated in his work on the
142:
of relation and that these three categories could therefore be subsumed under the category of
Relation. This was to lead to the supposition that there were only two categories at the top of the hierarchical tree, namely Substance and Relation. Many supposed that relations only exist in the mind. Substance and Relation, then, are closely commutative with Matter and Mind--this is expressed most clearly in the dualism of
3778:
1171:): "The first is predominant in feeling ... we must think of a quality without parts, e.g. the colour of magenta ... When I say it is a quality I do not mean that it "inheres" in a subject ... The whole content of consciousness is made up of qualities of feeling, as truly as the whole of space is made up of points, or the whole of time by instants".
1182:): "Thirdness is essentially of a general nature ... ideas in which thirdness predominate the idea of a sign or representation ... Every genuine triadic relation involves meaning ... the idea of meaning is irreducible to those of quality and reaction ... synthetical consciousness is the consciousness of a third or medium".
3789:
729:). In each table the number twelve arises from, firstly, an initial division into two: the Mathematical and the Dynamical; a second division of each of these headings into a further two: Quantity and Quality, and Relation and Modality respectively; and, thirdly, each of these then divides into a further three subheadings as follows.
1079:’s conclusion was that there were no clear definitions which we can give to words and categories but only a "halo" or "corona" of related meanings radiating around each term. Gilbert Ryle thought the problem could be seen in terms of dealing with "a galaxy of ideas" rather than a single idea, and suggested that
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earlier, likened the terms of propositions to points, and the relations between the terms to lines. Peirce, taking this further, talked of univalent, bivalent and trivalent relations linking predicates to their subject and it is just the number and types of relation linking subject and predicate that
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into a higher unity that in embracing the "one" and the "other" enables them to be considered together through their inherent qualities. This according to Stace is the sphere of philosophy proper where we find not only the three types of logical proposition: disjunctive, hypothetical, and categorical
141:
in the second century who by a process of abstraction reduced
Aristotle's list of ten categories to five: Substance, Relation, Quantity, Motion and Quality. Plotinus further suggested that the latter three categories of his list, namely Quantity, Motion and Quality correspond to three different kinds
645:
set out in his work on the logic of relations. One of Peirce's contributions was to call the three primary categories
Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness which both emphasises their general nature, and avoids the confusion of having the same name for both the category itself and for a concept within
293:
states the categories as: "Some things in the world are up to us, while others are not. Up to us are our faculties of judgment, motivation, desire, and aversion. In short, whatever is our own doing." These suggest a space that is up to us or within our power. A simple example of the Stoic categories
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in order to illustrate the shades of meanings of words. Primary categories, like primary colours, are analytical representing the furthest we can go in terms of analysis and abstraction and include
Quantity, Motion and Quality. Secondary categories, like secondary colours, are synthetic and include
679:
of
English Words and Phrases. The headings used were the three objective categories of Abstract Relation, Space (including Motion) and Matter and the three subjective categories of Intellect, Feeling and Volition, and he found that under these six headings all the words of the English language, and
564:
Plotinus likened the three to the centre, the radii and the circumference of a circle, and clearly thought that the principles underlying the categories were the first principles of creation. "From a single root all being multiplies." Similar ideas were to be introduced into Early
Christian thought
510:
around AD 250 recorded that "Philosophy at a very early age investigated the number and character of the existents ... some found ten, others less ... to some the genera were the first principles, to others only a generic classification of existents." He realised that some categories were
298:
I am a certain lump of matter, and thereby a substance, an existent something (and thus far that is all); I am a man, and this individual man that I am, and thereby qualified by a common quality and a peculiar one; I am sitting or standing, disposed in a certain way; I am the father of my children,
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Secondness (Reaction): "This is present even in such a rudimentary fragment of experience as a simple feeling ... an action and reaction between our soul and the stimulus ... The idea of second is predominant in the ideas of causation and of statical force ... the real is active; we
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introduced the idea that secondary or "derivative" categories could be derived from the primary categories through the combination of one primary category with another. This would result in the formation of three secondary categories: the first, "Community" was an example that Kant gave of such a
330:
He realised that predicates could be simple or complex. The simple kinds consist of a subject and a predicate linked together by the "categorical" or inherent type of relation. For
Aristotle the more complex kinds were limited to propositions where the predicate is compounded of two of the above
1101:
in his two propositions "the house is on the creek" where the two dominant relations are spatial location (Disjunction) and cultural association (Inherence), and "the house is eighteenth century" where the two relations are temporal location (Causality) and cultural quality (Inherence). A third
670:
in the twentieth century, in his development of existential categories, brought the three together, allowing for differences in terminology, as
Substantiality, Communication and Will. This pattern of three primary and three secondary categories was used most notably in the nineteenth century by
592:
The early modern dualism, which has been described above, of Mind and Matter or
Subject and Relation, as reflected in the writings of Descartes underwent a substantial revision in the late 18th century. The first objections to this stance were formulated in the eighteenth century by
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determine the category into which a predicate might fall. Primary categories contain concepts where there is one dominant kind of relation to the subject. Secondary categories contain concepts where there are two dominant kinds of relation. Examples of the latter were given by
964:(1812) attempted to provide a more comprehensive system of categories than Kant and developed a structure that was almost entirely triadic. So important were the categories to Hegel that he claimed the first principle of the world, which he called the "
1198:, who was developing "semiology" in France just as Peirce was developing "semiotics" in the US, likened each term of a proposition to "the centre of a constellation, the point where other coordinate terms, the sum of which is indefinite, converge".
1005:". For Stace this category represented the sphere of science containing within it firstly, the thing, its form and properties; secondly, cause, effect and reciprocity, and thirdly, the principles of classification, identity and difference.
995:", an initial internal division that can be compared with Kant's category of disjunction. Stace called the category of Being the sphere of common sense containing concepts such as consciousness, sensation, quantity, quality and measure.
1194:. Later, Peirce gave a mathematical reason for there being three categories in that although monadic, dyadic and triadic nodes are irreducible, every node of a higher valency is reducible to a "compound of triadic relations".
1083:
are made when a concept (e.g. "university"), understood as falling under one category (e.g. abstract idea), is used as though it falls under another (e.g. physical object). With regard to the visual analogies being used,
946:
suggested that in order to make Kant's structure completely symmetrical a third category would need to be added to the
Mathematical and the Dynamical. This, he said, Hegel was to do with his category of concept.
712:
concepts through which we interpret the world around us. These concepts correspond to twelve logical functions of the understanding which we use to make judgements and there are therefore two tables given in the
215:. Besides the existing beings they admitted four incorporeals (asomata): time, place, void, and sayable. They were held to be just 'subsisting' while such a status was denied to universals. Thus, they accepted
938:, who amongst other things was unhappy with the term "Community", and declared that the tables "do open violence to truth, treating it as nature was treated by old-fashioned gardeners", and secondly, by
604:
For example: In the sentence "This is a house" the substantive subject "house" only gains meaning in relation to human use patterns or to other similar houses. The category of Substance disappears from
3653:
987:. The three very highest categories were "logic", "nature" and "spirit". The three highest categories of "logic", however, he called "being", "essence", and "notion" which he explained as follows:
658:", introduced by Kant, was a term which Hegel, in developing Kant's dialectical method, showed could also be seen as a derivative category; and the third, "Spirit" or "Will" were terms that
219:'s idea (as did Aristotle) that if an object is hot, it is because some part of a universal heat body had entered the object. But, unlike Aristotle, they extended the idea to cover all
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546:
called these "the hearth of reality" deriving from them not only the three categories of Quantity, Motion and Quality but also what came to be known as "the three moments of the
1776:
1075:. Philosophy began to move away from the metaphysics of categorisation towards the linguistic problem of trying to differentiate between, and define, the words being used.
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of 1810, and introduced similar principles of combination and complementation, symbolising, for Goethe, "the primordial relations which belong both to nature and vision".
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reducible to others saying "Why are not Beauty, Goodness and the virtues, Knowledge and Intelligence included among the primary genera?" He concluded that such
1872:
1186:
Although Peirce's three categories correspond to the three concepts of relation given in Kant's tables, the sequence is now reversed and follows that given by
327:"... each signifies either substance or quantity or quality or relation or where or when or being-in-a-position or having or acting or being acted upon".
94:
and involves the careful inspection of each concept to ensure that there is no higher category or categories under which that concept could be subsumed. The
1163:, saying, "perhaps it is not right to call these categories conceptions, they are so intangible that they are rather tones or tints upon conceptions":
1067:
In the twentieth century the primacy of the division between the subjective and the objective, or between mind and matter, was disputed by, among others,
1147:, who had read Kant and Hegel closely, and who also had some knowledge of Aristotle, proposed a system of merely three phenomenological categories:
1037:. The two other complementary categories, reflecting one of Hegel's initial divisions, were those of Being and Becoming. At around the same time,
557:
The Second "is certainly an activity ... a secondary phase ... life streaming from life ... energy running through the universe"
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The process of abstraction required to discover the number and names of the categories of being has been undertaken by many philosophers since
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categories for example "this is a horse running". More complex kinds of proposition were only discovered after Aristotle by the Stoic,
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983:, reasoning from the abstract through the negative to the concrete, he arrived at a hierarchy of some 270 categories, as explained by
931:
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2464:
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the three relationship types of Disjunction, Causality and Inherence. The three older concepts of Quantity, Motion and Quality, as
3814:
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divides Aristotle's ten categories into two sets, primary and secondary, according to whether they inhere in the subject or not:
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The Third is some kind of Intelligence concerning which he wrote "Activity is prior to Intellection ... and self knowledge"
283:): Characteristics related to other phenomena, such as the position of an object within time and space relative to other objects
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1106:" where the two relations are spatial or mathematical disposition (Disjunction) and dynamic or motive power (Causality). Both
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1388:
637:. Sets of three continued to play an important part in the nineteenth century development of the categories, most notably in
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and Accident, depending on whether the property was necessary or contingent. An alternative line of development was taken by
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In a separate development, and building on the notion of primary and secondary categories introduced by the Scholastics,
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The Stoics outlined that our own actions, thoughts, and reactions are within our control. The opening paragraph of the
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and his Critical Realism, remain one of the most detailed and advanced systems in categorial research in metaphysics.
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78:. A representative question within the theory of categories might articulate itself, for example, in a query like, "
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who summed it up saying "Therefore, Unity, having from all eternity arrived by motion at duality, came to rest in
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1001:. The "other" separates itself from the "one" by a kind of motion, reflected in Hegel's first synthesis of "
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of entities. A distinction between such categories, in making the categories or applying them, is called an
1457:
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223:. Thus, if an object is red, it would be because some part of a universal red body had entered the object.
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382:) – examples of primary substance: this man, this horse; secondary substance (species, genera): man, horse
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721:. To give an example, the logical function behind our reasoning from ground to consequence (based on the
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1224:") is an important semantic concept, but one having only loose affinities to an ontological category.
274:): Particular characteristics, not present within the object, such as size, shape, action, and posture
259:): The way matter is organized to form an individual object; in Stoic physics, a physical ingredient (
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406:, of what kind or description) – examples: white, black, grammatical, hot, sweet, curved, straight.
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the fellow citizen of my fellow citizens, disposed in a certain way in relation to something else.
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394:, how much), discrete or continuous – examples: two cubits long, number, space, (length of) time.
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First, there existed the "One", and his view that "the origin of things is a contemplation"
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58:. Various systems of categories have been proposed, they often include categories for
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Sandkühler, Hans Jörg (2010). "Ontologie: 4 Aktuelle Debatten und Gesamtentwürfe".
1217:
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364:
2591:. The Johns Hopkins Press (reprinted 1968, Greenwood Press, Publishers, New York).
1394:
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of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries developed Aristotle's ideas. For example,
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example may be inferred from Kant in the proposition "the house is impressive or
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he complemented with the category of the "will". The title of his major work was
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Being was differentiated from Nothing by containing with it the concept of the "
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3027:
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332:
216:
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1190:, and indeed before Hegel of the three moments of the world-process given by
725:) underlies our understanding of the world in terms of cause and effect (the
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910:
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492:, to suffer or undergo) – examples: to be lanced, to be heated, to be cooled
354:
336:
317:
91:
585:', derived arbitrarily and in bulk from experience, without any systematic
1885:
1513:(tr. Mackenna S. & Page B.S., The Medici Society, London, 1930) VI.3.3
1027:
category that corresponded with "notion" was that of "idea", which in his
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discovered, could be subsumed under these three broader headings in that
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386:
194:
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27:
109:
Secondary categories: Place, Time, Situation, Condition, Action, Passion
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3124:
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3002:
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1209:(1962, 2000) wrote extensively about categorial systems as part of his
998:
972:
the categories must be the reason of which the world is a consequent".
838:
570:
506:
418:, toward something) – examples: double, half, large, master, knowledge.
1416:
581:
Kant and Hegel accused the Aristotelian table of categories of being '
3149:
3099:
3012:
2884:
1657:
Jacques Brunschwig "Stoic Metaphysics", p. 228 in Brad Inwood (ed.),
1637:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 3.
1623:, The Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 54, No. 4 (Jun., 2001), pp. 723–752
1464:(Winter 2016 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
1059:
accordingly asks us to see his system not as a tree but as a circle.
889:
212:
2496:(Fall 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
480:, to make or do) – examples: to lance, to heat, to cool (something)
3249:
3199:
2013:
1932 (tr. Ashton E.B., University of Chicago Press, 1970) pp.117ff
885:
422:
378:
202:
176:
126:
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Being qua Being: A Theory of Identity, Existence, and Predication
3194:
3174:
3169:
3094:
3052:
3037:
2063:(tr. Payne A., Dover Publications, London, New York, 1966) p.430
1239:(1983, 1992), Johansson (1989), Hoffman and Rosenkrantz (1994),
915:
434:
2773:
2769:
2706:
Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information
1756:"The Project Gutenberg E-text of the Categories, by Aristotle"
335:, who developed the "hypothetical" and "disjunctive" types of
3654:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
2251:
1790 (tr. Meredith J.C., Clarendon Press, Oxford 1952) p.94ff
2173:
1953 (tr. Anscombe G., Blackwell, Oxford, 1978) pp.1x X 4,181
1550:, Jonardon Ganeri (2014), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
708:
are part of our own mental structure and consist of a set of
601:
except through the relation of the subject to other things.
278:
269:
254:
238:
206:
106:
Primary categories: Substance, Relation, Quantity and Quality
2678:, vols. 1,2. Houser, Nathan et al., eds. Indiana Uni. Press.
2666:. Guyer, Paul, and Wood, A. W., trans. Cambridge Uni. Press.
2134:(tr. Eastlake C.L., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1970) p.350
732:
339:
and these were terms which were to be developed through the
1998:
On the Four-Fold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason
1538:(tr. Haldane E. & Ross G., Dover, New York, 1911) Vol.1
2763:
1433:"The Internet Classics Archive | Categories by Aristotle"
1227:
Contemporary systems of categories have been proposed by
1011:. Having passed over into the "Other" there is an almost
666:
were developing separately for use in their own systems.
2340:. J. N. Findlay, Michael Dummett, Dermot Moran. London.
1976:(tr. Wallace W., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975) pp.124ff
717:, one of the Judgements and a corresponding one for the
625:; Motion relates to the subject through the relation of
529:
and which comprised the following three coupled terms:
50:, is to determine the most fundamental and the broadest
3594:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
2603:
The Existence of the World: An Introduction to Ontology
324:
that there were ten kinds of predicate where ...
2613:
Categories of Being: Essays on Metaphysics and Logic
1873:"Sono ancora utili oggi le categorie di Aristotele?"
430:, where) – examples: in a marketplace, in the Lyceum
46:. To investigate the categories of being, or simply
16:
In ontology, the highest kinds or genera of entities
3696:
3495:
3235:
2963:
2807:
2324:
1916 (tr. Harris R., Duckworth, London, 1983) p.124
1635:
How to Be Free – An Ancient Guide to the Stoic Life
1119:concepts such as Substance, Community and Spirit.
680:hence any possible predicate, could be assembled.
2630:Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology
2459:. Charles Town, W. Va.: Claymont Communications.
2147:(George Allen & Unwin, London, 1921) pp.10,23
1418:Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition
117:’s likening of the classificatory hierarchy to a
2389:. J. N. Findlay, Michael Dummett, Dermot Moran.
1775:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1661:, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 206–232.
609:, and under the heading of Relation, Kant lists
2694:, 1974, "Toward a Theory of the Categories" in
1329:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
633:relates to the subject through the relation of
621:relates to the subject through the relation of
296:
2524:. Ross, W. D., trans. Oxford University Press.
523:categories first recorded in Plato's dialogue
454:, to lie) – examples: sitting, lying, standing
2785:
2000:1813 (tr. Payne E., La Salle, Illinois, 1974)
1594:, ed. B. Inwood, Cambridge, 2006, pp. 206–232
8:
1563:Materials for the Study of Navya-nyāya Logic
1042:
243:): The primary matter, formless substance, (
2639:, 2nd ed. Findlay, J. N., trans. Routledge.
1231:(The Dramatic Universe, 4 vols., 1956–65),
1122:Apart from these, the categorial scheme of
641:extensive tabulation of categories, and in
597:who realised that we can say nothing about
277:Somehow disposed in relation to something (
2792:
2778:
2770:
2751:Ontological Categories and How to Use Them
2618:Hoffman, J., and Rosenkrantz, G. S.,1994.
2368:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1758:. Archived from the original on 2013-11-02
1041:was developing his colour theories in the
969:
294:in use is provided by Jacques Brunschwig:
265:: air or breath), which informs the matter
1884:
1856:Essays on the Trinity and the Incarnation
1175:acknowledge it by calling it the actual".
2424:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1735:The Complete Works of Aristotle in Greek
1698:(Cambridge University Press, 1987) p.206
1354:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
519:were in some way posterior to the three
468:, to have or be) – examples: shod, armed
442:, when) – examples: yesterday, last year
367:terms, predication, and ten categories:
2646:. Routledge, 2nd ed. Ontos Verlag 2004.
2494:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2024:Roget's Thesaurus: The Everyman Edition
1610:10.218. (chronos, topos, kenon, lekton)
1566:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 37–39.
1462:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1327:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1313:
2632:. Boyce Gibson, W. R., trans. Collier.
2361:
2160:(Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1949) pp.17ff
1821:, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1875) p.162
1768:
1126:and his Process Philosophy, alongside
3624:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
2596:The Categorial Structure of the World
1659:The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics
1621:The Stoics on Bodies and Incorporeals
1482:Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion
1458:"Medieval Theories of the Categories"
1456:Gracia, Jorge; Newton, Lloyd (2016),
1415:Borchert, Donald (2006). "Ontology".
1220:(1949), a category (in particular a "
363:, in which he discussed univocal and
155:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
7:
3724:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
3644:The World as Will and Representation
2696:Essays in Philosophy and Its History
2615:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2061:The World as Will and Representation
1560:Daniel Henry Holmes Ingalls (1951).
1536:The Philosophical Works of Descartes
1149:Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness
80:Are universals prior to particulars?
2742:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2557:. Madison: Uni. of Wisconsin Press.
2186:(Hutchinson, London, 1971) Vol.II:
1858:(Longmans, London, 1928) pp.241-244
1498:Aristotle's Categories and Porphyry
1161:Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness
1029:Four-Fold Root of Sufficient Reason
968:", is "a system of categories
211:)—though not all things (τινά)—are
2537:, trans. Uni. of Adelaide library.
1939:(Macmillan & Co, London, 1924)
1350:"A Return to the Analogy of Being"
654:derivative category; the second, "
14:
2547:. London, Hodder & Stoughton.
1592:The Cambridge Companion to Stoics
3787:
3777:
3776:
2620:Substance among other Categories
2579:A Realistic Theory of Categories
2562:Ontology and the Practical Arena
1366:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2010.00378.x
975:Using his own logical method of
675:to form the six headings of his
193:This section is an excerpt from
3574:Meditations on First Philosophy
2611:and Koskinen, Heikki J., 2012.
1753:Section 4 (DjVu file's page 6).
226:They held that there were four
2764:Theory and History of Ontology
2758:Recent Advances in Metaphysics
2026:1952 (Pan Books, London, 1972)
1020:of beauty, goodness and truth.
1:
2492:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
2322:Course in General Linguistics
1460:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.),
1063:Twentieth-century development
3759:Philosophy of space and time
2601:Grossmann, Reinhardt, 1992.
2594:Grossmann, Reinhardt, 1983.
2171:Philosophical Investigations
1696:The Hellenistic Philosophers
3634:The Phenomenology of Spirit
2567:Butchvarov, Panayot, 1979.
2555:New Foundations of Ontology
1732:. For the Greek terms, see
345:Kant's system of categories
163:
3836:
2656:, Oxford University Press.
2644:Ontological Investigations
1879:(in Italian) (39): 57–72.
1500:(E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1988)
1137:
1114:introduced the analogy of
1034:The World as Will and Idea
932:Criticism of Kant's system
687:
309:
279:
270:
255:
239:
207:
192:
154:
18:
3772:
2642:Johansson, Ingvar, 1989.
2564:. Pennsylvania State Uni.
2560:Browning, Douglas, 1990.
2453:Bennett, John G. (1987).
1745:(requires DjVu), Book 1 (
548:Neoplatonic world process
513:transcendental categories
247:) that things are made of
201:The Stoics held that all
171:word for "categories" in
133:could be subdivided into
34:concerns itself with the
3820:Philosophical categories
3749:Philosophy of psychology
3684:Simulacra and Simulation
2688:. Uni. of Chicago Press.
2488:deVries, Willem (2021),
2334:Husserl, Edmund (2001).
1694:Long A. & Sedley D.
1393:. Meiner. Archived from
1390:Enzyklopädie Philosophie
1321:Thomasson, Amie (2019).
1245:Barry Smith (ontologist)
643:C.S. Peirce's categories
343:and were to reappear in
19:Not to be confused with
3815:Concepts in metaphysics
3614:Critique of Pure Reason
2664:Critique of Pure Reason
2622:. Cambridge Uni. Press.
2581:. Cambridge Uni. Press.
2188:Philosophical Arguments
1937:The Philosophy of Hegel
1484:(Harvester Press, 1980)
1348:Mcdaniel, Kris (2010).
1302:Similarity (philosophy)
1018:transcendental concepts
944:The Philosophy of Hegel
895:Community (reciprocity)
697:Critique of Pure Reason
517:categories of Aristotle
113:Furthermore, following
56:ontological distinction
3205:Type–token distinction
3033:Hypostatic abstraction
2815:Abstract object theory
2704:, 2003. "Ontology" in
2670:Charles Sanders Peirce
2637:Logical Investigations
2418:Ryle, Gilbert (2002).
2386:Logical investigations
2337:Logical investigations
1819:The Dialogues of Plato
1633:Long, Anthony (2018).
1262:Categories (Aristotle)
1145:Charles Sanders Peirce
1124:Alfred North Whitehead
1043:
934:followed, firstly, by
312:Categories (Aristotle)
301:
125:could be divided into
3794:Philosophy portal
3674:Being and Nothingness
3090:Mental representation
2598:. Indiana Uni. Press.
2585:Feibleman, James Kern
2571:. Indiana Uni. Press.
2545:The Dramatic Universe
2510:Selected bibliography
2456:The dramatic universe
2249:Critique of Judgement
2132:The Theory of Colours
1886:10.4000/estetica.2024
1854:Rawlinson A.E. (ed.)
1608:Adversus Mathematicos
1196:Ferdinand de Saussure
985:W. T. Stace
723:Hypothetical relation
450:, posture, attitude (
195:Stoicism § Categories
3719:Feminist metaphysics
2675:The Essential Peirce
2145:The Analysis of Mind
1586:Jacques Brunschwig,
808:Table of Categories
737:Table of Judgements
567:Gregory of Nazianzus
32:theory of categories
3564:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
3075:Linguistic modality
2753:" – Amie Thomasson.
2686:The Concept of Mind
2421:The concept of mind
2158:The Concept of Mind
1267:Categories (Peirce)
1237:Reinhardt Grossmann
1140:Categories (Peirce)
1077:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1016:but also the three
979:, later called the
936:Arthur Schopenhauer
539:Identity/Difference
353:came into use with
100:Gilbert of Poitiers
36:categories of being
3754:Philosophy of self
3744:Philosophy of mind
3008:Embodied cognition
2920:Scientific realism
1740:2010-04-01 at the
1713:Summulae Logicales
1619:Marcelo D. Boeri,
1496:. cf Evangelou C.
1272:Categories (Stoic)
1013:neoplatonic return
981:Hegelian dialectic
577:Modern development
268:Somehow disposed (
3802:
3801:
2981:Category of being
2950:Truthmaker theory
2609:Haaparanta, Leila
2575:Roderick Chisholm
2490:"Wilfrid Sellars"
2383:Husserl, Edmund.
2130:Goethe J.W. von,
1588:Stoic Metaphysics
1573:978-81-208-0384-8
1241:Roderick Chisholm
1081:category mistakes
928:
927:
565:by, for example,
181:Indian philosophy
129:and Species, and
86:Early development
72:states of affairs
44:kinds of entities
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3509:
3185:Substantial form
2997:Cogito, ergo sum
2940:Substance theory
2794:
2787:
2780:
2771:
2766:– Raul Corazzon.
2746:
2737:Zalta, Edward N.
2650:Kahn, Charles H.
2527:--------, 2004.
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2226:Vol I pp.159,176
2221:
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2191:
2190:1945, pp.201,202
2184:Collected Papers
2180:
2174:
2169:Wittgenstein L.
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1222:category mistake
1128:Nicolai Hartmann
1069:Bertrand Russell
1056:Science of Logic
1048:
971:
961:Science of Logic
942:who in his book
884:and Dependence (
733:
704:argued that the
673:Peter Mark Roget
536:Motion/Stability
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280:πρός τί πως ἔχον
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3135:Physical object
2971:Abstract object
2959:
2945:Theory of forms
2880:Meaning of life
2803:
2798:
2760:" – E. J. Lowe.
2729:Thomasson, Amie
2727:
2715:
2692:Wilfrid Sellars
2654:Essays on Being
2551:Gustav Bergmann
2541:John G. Bennett
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1229:John G. Bennett
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1155:, Reaction and
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727:Causal relation
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690:Category (Kant)
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646:that category.
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2626:Edmund Husserl
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
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3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
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3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3223:
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3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
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3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
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3158:
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3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
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3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
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3073:
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3063:
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3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
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2968:
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2962:
2956:
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2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Phenomenalism
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
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2856:
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2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Action theory
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2744:
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2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
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2717:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2660:Immanuel Kant
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:, 1956–1965.
2542:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2466:0-934254-15-X
2462:
2458:
2457:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2431:0-226-73296-7
2427:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2347:0-415-24189-8
2343:
2339:
2338:
2330:
2327:
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2317:
2314:
2310:
2305:
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2298:
2293:
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2274:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:Hegel G.W.F.
1969:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1730:E. M. Edghill
1727:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
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1654:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:Descartes R.
1531:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1397:on 2021-03-11
1396:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:Schema (Kant)
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1249:Jonathan Lowe
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1211:phenomenology
1208:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1116:colour theory
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
989:
988:
986:
982:
978:
973:
967:
963:
962:
957:
950:
948:
945:
941:
937:
933:
924:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
899:
894:
891:
887:
883:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
862:
861:
860:
857:
856:
855:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
828:
825:
822:
819:
818:
817:
814:
813:
812:
811:Mathematical
809:
806:
799:
796:
793:
792:
790:
785:
782:
779:
778:
776:
775:
774:
766:
763:
760:
759:
757:
752:
749:
746:
745:
743:
742:
741:
740:Mathematical
738:
735:
734:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
702:Immanuel Kant
699:
698:
691:
683:
681:
678:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:Kant's tables
602:
600:
596:
595:Immanuel Kant
590:
588:
584:
576:
574:
572:
568:
559:
556:
553:
552:
551:
549:
545:
538:
535:
532:
531:
530:
528:
527:
522:
518:
515:and even the
514:
509:
508:
503:
496:
491:
487:
486:
482:
479:
475:
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
456:
453:
449:
448:
444:
441:
437:
436:
432:
429:
425:
424:
420:
417:
413:
412:
408:
405:
401:
400:
396:
393:
389:
388:
384:
381:
380:
375:
374:
370:
369:
368:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
328:
325:
323:
319:
313:
305:
300:
295:
292:
291:
276:
267:
264:
263:
252:
249:
246:
236:
233:
232:
231:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
204:
196:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
158:
149:
147:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
108:
105:
104:
103:
101:
97:
93:
85:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
3714:Epistemology
3682:
3672:
3662:
3652:
3642:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3602:
3592:
3582:
3572:
3562:
3552:
3542:
3532:
3524:Nyāya Sūtras
3522:
3512:
3502:
3484:
3400:Wittgenstein
3345:Schopenhauer
3224:
3215:Unobservable
3065:Intelligence
2995:
2935:Subjectivism
2930:Spiritualism
2845:Essentialism
2825:Anti-realism
2740:
2733:"Categories"
2719:
2718:Aristotle's
2708:. Blackwell.
2705:
2695:
2685:
2682:Gilbert Ryle
2673:
2663:
2653:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2619:
2612:
2605:. Routledge.
2602:
2595:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2528:
2519:
2498:, retrieved
2493:
2483:
2455:
2448:
2420:
2413:
2385:
2378:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2202:pp.52,82,106
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1876:
1869:Enrico Berti
1863:
1855:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1760:. Retrieved
1750:
1746:
1733:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1634:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1562:
1555:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1476:
1466:, retrieved
1461:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1421:. Macmillan.
1417:
1410:
1399:. Retrieved
1395:the original
1389:
1382:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1326:
1323:"Categories"
1316:
1247:(2003), and
1226:
1218:Gilbert Ryle
1215:
1205:
1185:
1143:
1121:
1112:Wittgenstein
1092:, just like
1073:Gilbert Ryle
1066:
1054:
1032:
1028:
1023:
974:
959:
956:G.W.F. Hegel
954:
943:
930:
922:
853:
810:
807:
783:Hypothetical
772:
739:
736:
714:
709:
695:
693:
668:Karl Jaspers
664:Schopenhauer
648:
610:
603:
591:
580:
563:
542:
524:
505:
500:
489:
483:
477:
471:
465:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
391:
385:
377:
371:
358:
350:
349:
329:
326:
315:
297:
288:
286:
260:
244:
225:
200:
112:
89:
55:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
25:
3544:Metaphysics
3528:(c. 200 BC)
3518:(c. 350 BC)
3508:(c. 350 BC)
3395:Collingwood
3300:Malebranche
3048:Information
2976:Anima mundi
2955:Type theory
2910:Physicalism
2875:Materialism
2830:Determinism
2801:Metaphysics
2702:Barry Smith
2521:Metaphysics
2143:Russell B.
2022:Roget P.M.
2009:Jaspers K.
1935:Stace W.T.
1672:Metaphysics
1480:Reese W.L.
1287:Modal logic
1282:Metaphysics
1178:Thirdness (
1167:Firstness (
1159:, and even
1045:Farbenlehre
906:Possibility
868:Subsistence
794:Problematic
786:Disjunctive
780:Categorical
761:Affirmative
623:Disjunction
488:, passion (
376:, essence (
341:Middle Ages
290:Enchiridion
240:ὑποκείμενον
179:schools of
173:Vaisheshika
150:Vaisheshika
3809:Categories
3604:Monadology
3538:(c. 80 BC)
3245:Parmenides
3130:Perception
3028:Experience
2915:Relativism
2890:Naturalism
2840:Enactivism
2721:Categories
2530:Categories
2500:2022-07-15
2396:0415241901
2299:pp.148-179
2050:pp.107,113
2011:Philosophy
1951:pp.148-179
1926:pp.148-179
1914:pp.107,113
1833:Op.cit.1.4
1815:Parmenides
1762:2010-02-21
1751:Categories
1725:Categories
1711:John XXI)
1670:Aristotle
1468:2022-07-15
1442:2022-07-15
1401:2021-01-14
1309:References
854:Dynamical
848:Limitation
797:Assertoric
773:Dynamical
750:Particular
719:Categories
706:categories
611:inter alia
526:Parmenides
360:Categories
333:Chrysippus
322:Categories
228:categories
217:Anaxagoras
64:properties
60:substances
48:categories
3764:Teleology
3729:Mereology
3709:Cosmology
3568:(c. 1000)
3465:Plantinga
3455:Armstrong
3405:Heidegger
3380:Whitehead
3365:Nietzsche
3285:Descartes
3255:Aristotle
3210:Universal
3140:Principle
3110:Necessity
3070:Intention
3023:Existence
2986:Causality
2925:Solipsism
2855:Free will
2698:. Reidel.
2516:Aristotle
2364:cite book
2263:pp.36,152
2261:Op.cit.25
2238:pp.62,187
2120:Op.cit.20
2108:Op.cit.18
2073:Op.cit.15
1986:Op.cit.15
1525:. VI.3.21
1509:Plotinus
1374:1933-1592
1333:4 January
1099:Heidegger
977:sublation
940:W.T.Stace
916:Necessity
911:Existence
882:Causality
872:substance
864:Inherence
823:Plurality
800:Apodictic
791:Modality
777:Relation
747:Universal
744:Quantity
677:Thesaurus
635:Inherence
627:Causality
599:Substance
587:necessity
583:rhapsodic
485:Affection
462:condition
373:Substance
365:equivocal
357:'s essay
355:Aristotle
337:syllogism
318:Aristotle
306:Aristotle
235:Substance
221:accidents
123:Substance
92:Aristotle
68:relations
3782:Category
3704:Axiology
3558:(c. 270)
3486:more ...
3440:Anscombe
3435:Strawson
3430:Davidson
3325:Berkeley
3265:Plotinus
3226:more ...
3165:Relation
3145:Property
3120:Ontology
3043:Identity
2964:Concepts
2895:Nihilism
2860:Idealism
2808:Theories
2684:, 1949.
2662:, 1998.
2652:, 2009.
2628:, 1962.
2589:Ontology
2587:, 1951.
2577:, 1996.
2553:, 1992.
2518:, 1953.
2475:18242460
2440:49901770
2405:45592852
2356:45592852
2273:Op.cit.5
2247:Kant I.
2236:Op.cit.4
2224:Op.cit.5
2212:Op.cit.9
2200:Op.cit.1
2182:Ryle G.
2156:Ryle G.
2110:pp.124ff
2098:pp.63,65
2036:Op.cit.3
1961:Op.cit.3
1949:Op.cit.5
1924:Op.cit.5
1900:Op.cit.3
1871:(2008).
1831:Op.cit.9
1790:Op.cit.9
1771:cite web
1738:Archived
1684:Op.cit.2
1548:Padārtha
1292:Ontology
1255:See also
1251:(2006).
1243:(1996),
1235:(1974),
1192:Plotinus
1094:Plotinus
1003:becoming
966:absolute
901:Modality
876:accident
859:Relation
844:Negation
827:Totality
816:Quantity
767:Infinite
764:Negative
758:Quality
753:Singular
715:Critique
710:a priori
700:(1781),
656:Modality
619:Quantity
544:Plotinus
502:Plotinus
497:Plotinus
490:paschein
452:keisthai
447:Position
411:Relation
387:Quantity
351:Category
271:πως ἔχον
213:material
169:Sanskrit
164:Padārtha
157:Padārtha
139:Plotinus
135:Property
115:Porphyry
96:scholars
28:ontology
3554:Enneads
3548:(c. 50)
3514:Timaeus
3504:Sophist
3450:Dummett
3445:Deleuze
3385:Russell
3375:Bergson
3370:Meinong
3350:Bolzano
3310:Leibniz
3290:Spinoza
3275:Aquinas
3260:Proclus
3190:Thought
3180:Subject
3160:Reality
3155:Quality
3125:Pattern
3085:Meaning
3060:Insight
3018:Essence
3003:Concept
2905:Realism
2870:Liberty
2835:Dualism
2739:(ed.).
2724:at MIT.
1845:III.8.5
1804:VI.2.17
1747:Organon
1511:Enneads
1180:Meaning
1169:Quality
1157:Meaning
1153:Quality
1104:sublime
1053:in his
999:Essence
958:in his
839:Reality
834:Quality
694:In the
631:Quality
571:Trinity
521:Eleatic
507:Enneads
416:pros ti
399:Quality
316:One of
251:Quality
131:Quality
52:classes
3688:(1981)
3678:(1943)
3668:(1927)
3658:(1846)
3648:(1818)
3638:(1807)
3628:(1783)
3618:(1781)
3608:(1714)
3598:(1710)
3588:(1677)
3584:Ethics
3578:(1641)
3480:Parfit
3470:Kripke
3460:Putnam
3420:Sartre
3410:Carnap
3360:Peirce
3305:Newton
3280:Suárez
3270:Scotus
3150:Qualia
3115:Object
3105:Nature
3100:Motion
3080:Matter
3013:Entity
2885:Monism
2473:
2463:
2438:
2428:
2403:
2393:
2354:
2344:
2214:VI.5.5
1813:Plato
1792:VI.1.1
1641:
1570:
1372:
1202:Others
1134:Peirce
1108:Peirce
1086:Peirce
1039:Goethe
1009:Notion
923:
890:effect
629:; and
615:Peirce
478:poiein
473:Action
466:echein
262:pneuma
203:beings
76:events
40:genera
30:, the
3734:Meta-
3475:Lewis
3425:Quine
3390:Moore
3355:Lotze
3340:Hegel
3315:Wolff
3295:Locke
3250:Plato
3220:Value
3200:Truth
2735:. In
2311:p.176
2309:Ibid.
2297:Ibid.
2287:p.179
2285:Ibid.
2096:Ibid.
2085:Ibid.
2075:p.222
2048:Ibid.
1974:Logic
1963:p.116
1912:Ibid.
1843:Ibid.
1802:Ibid.
1709:alias
1674:1075a
1188:Hegel
1090:Lewis
1051:Hegel
993:other
951:Hegel
886:cause
820:Unity
660:Hegel
458:State
423:Place
404:poion
392:poson
379:ousia
256:ποιόν
245:ousia
188:Stoic
177:Nyaya
167:is a
127:Genus
3415:Ryle
3335:Kant
3330:Hume
3320:Reid
3195:Time
3175:Soul
3170:Self
3095:Mind
3053:Data
3038:Idea
2471:OCLC
2461:ISBN
2436:OCLC
2426:ISBN
2401:OCLC
2391:ISBN
2370:link
2352:OCLC
2342:ISBN
2038:p.87
1902:p.87
1777:link
1639:ISBN
1568:ISBN
1523:Ibid
1494:Ibid
1370:ISSN
1335:2021
1216:For
1110:and
1088:and
1071:and
888:and
874:and
866:and
684:Kant
662:and
651:Kant
440:pote
435:Time
208:ὄντα
175:and
119:tree
1881:doi
1749:),
1590:in
1362:doi
970:...
573:."
550:":
428:pou
74:or
42:or
26:In
3811::
2731:.
2533:,
2469:.
2434:.
2399:.
2366:}}
2362:{{
2350:.
1875:.
1773:}}
1769:{{
1606:,
1435:.
1368:.
1358:81
1356:.
1352:.
1325:.
1213:.
589:.
460:,
347:.
230::
146:.
82:"
70:,
66:,
62:,
2793:e
2786:t
2779:v
2756:"
2749:"
2745:.
2477:.
2442:.
2407:.
2372:)
2358:.
1889:.
1883::
1779:)
1765:.
1647:.
1576:.
1445:.
1404:.
1376:.
1364::
1337:.
892:)
878:)
870:(
476:(
464:(
438:(
426:(
414:(
402:(
390:(
253:(
237:(
205:(
197:.
183:.
159:.
23:.
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