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and brings the actor into the same space as the audience. This is often problematic for proscenium or end stage trained actors who are taught that they must never turn their backs to the audience, something that is unavoidable in this format. However, it allows for strong and direct engagement with
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is home to the largest arena stage archive and contains material from the theatre's 50-year history. Included in the collection are photographs, production notebooks, scrapbooks, playbills, oral histories and handwritten correspondence. According to their website, the total volume is 260 cubic feet
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In 1972, RG Gregory set up the Word and Action theatre company in Dorset in
England to work exclusively in theatre-in-the-round. Gregory sought to create a grammar that would enable actors to maximise the form's potential for connecting with the audience both as individuals and as a collective. All
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However, once removed from the picture frame of the arch, the actors are compelled to turn their back on some members of the audience and so necessarily lose exclusive command of the acting space. All members of the audience can see the actor, but the actor can no longer see all of them. At this
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The stage is always in the centre with the audience arranged on all sides, and is most commonly rectangular, circular, diamond, or triangular. Actors may enter and exit through the audience from different directions or from below the stage. The stage is usually on an even level with or below the
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The politics of theatre-in-the-round were explored most deliberately by RG Gregory. In his view the lit space of a proscenium arch is analogous to the seat of power; the audience adopts the role of passive receivers. In traditional theatre design, maximum care is taken with
292:
Richard Nixon's 1968 U.S. Presidential campaign staged nine live televised question and answer sessions using a ground-breaking theatre-in-the-round format, adapted for a live televised audience. The first time use of the staging device was memorialized in the book,
1855:
The book "An Actor
Prepares" was first published in 1936 and is the first volume of the translations of Constantin Stanislavski's books on acting, which were published as a trilogy in English, though originally meant to be published as two books in
161:
in drama. Alienation techniques include visible lighting fixtures and other technical elements. Round theatres also allow lighting parts of the audience so that people are reminded that they are in a theatre watching a drama with others.
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This configuration lends itself to high-energy productions and anything that requires audience participation. It is favoured by producers of classical theatre and it has continued as a creative alternative to the more common
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established
America's first professional theatre-in-the-round company when she opened her Theater '47 in Dallas. The stage design as developed by Margo Jones was used by directors in later years for such well-known shows as
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tour to cope with the physical demands. "You can't stand still; you've got to keep moving. The had identical microphones on either side of the stage, so they could stand still for a little bit. I had to keep
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for television in 1950. Continuing until 1955, McCleery offered dramas seen against pure black backgrounds instead of walls of a set. This enabled cameras in the darkness to pick up shots from any position.
1648:(2003/04), had a stage configuration in the style of "in the round". The tour was one of the most successful tours of 2004, and served to promote the RIAA diamond certified album, "Up!" (2002).
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240:. As Indicated by Jones, the centrally staged productions of the Fair Oaks Playbox were followed approximately eight years later by the work of Glenn Hughes in his Seattle Penthouse.
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founded the Fair Oaks
Playbox in Pasadena, California, an important early practitioner of central staging in addition to other stage configurations that it pioneered in its advent of
217:
In Margo Jones' survey of theatre-in-the-round, the first two sources of central staging in the United States she identified were the productions by Azubah Latham and Milton Smith at
311:. Ailes' innovation of the theatre-in-the-round format for candidate forums became the blueprint for modern "town hall" candidate formats and even multiple-candidate debates.
254:. Joseph was reputed to have once rhetorically asked, "Why must authorities stand with their back to a wall?" His answer was: "So nobody can knife them from behind."
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tour is performed in the round with a large cross-shaped stage. Hanging overhead is a cross-shaped video screen arrangement that matches the shape of the stage.
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1221:
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1614:, the magician Rupert Angier courts controversy by writing that stage magic should be performed "in the round" rather than in theatres with a
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point, in order for the play to function, the audience themselves must be allowed to become key conductors of the meaning of the performance.
1761:. On different tours, they have included an area within the stage, called "the snake pit", where audience members can watch the show. Their
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It is also employed when theatrical performances are presented in non-traditional spaces such as restaurants, public squares, or during
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featured an "in the round" stage. The tour, which began in 1999 and ended in March 2000, is one of the most successful of all time.
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by their tour manager Jim Halley in the mid-1970s, it prompted a redesign of rock concerts and venue seating arrangements.
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was the first theatre-in-the-round venue built in the United States. It first opened on May 19, 1940 with a production of
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was the first to popularise the form in the United
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have used a rectangular, diamond or oval-shaped stage in the center of the arena, beginning with their 1991
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Word and Action productions were performed in normal lighting conditions, without costumes or makeup.
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of
Internet-based communication in comparison to traditional broadcast and marketing channels.
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TV program was performed with the musicians seated using a raised staging in-the-round format.
142:. Such theatres had previously existed in colleges, but not in professional theatre buildings.
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in order to ensure that the actor can engage every member of the audience at the same time.
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and the Studio
Theatre in Scarborough. The current theatre, opened in 1996, is known as the
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played "in the round" for several tours in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Their 1989 live
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Theater in the round is a particularly appropriate setting for staging of dramas using
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tour. The band also performed using a round, rotating stage during portions of their
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1679:. "In-the-round is an incredibly, insanely aerobic kind of thing…" remarked singer
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371:(7.4 m) or 440 feet (130 m) linear and is housed in the Fenwick Library.
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set up an impromptu performance space in the upstairs of the Orange Tree pub in
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were the first rock-era group to perform "in the round" during their 1978–79
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in the early 1970s and subsequently moved across the road to a permanent
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Theatre-in-the-round was common in ancient theatre, particularly that of
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Theatre-in-the-round was common in ancient theatre, particularly that of
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641:. Most famous for hosting the World Snooker Championships since 1977.
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1879:
1881:
A Historical Study of
Gilmore Brown's Fair-oaks Play box: 1924–1927
1826:"Curtain rises on Seattle's new Penthouse Theatre on May 16, 1947."
1706:
Stand-up comedians have performed specials "in the round," such as
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When an arena staging was conceived for the progressive-rock group
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used a circular stage, except in venues where it was an end stage.
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2009:
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Max
Bialystock remarks that he invented "theater in the square".
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303:. The producer of these Nixon "Man in the Arena" programs was
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is usually minimal since it would obscure the audience's view.
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Preceding attractions include Flight to the Moon (1971–1975),
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The innovations of Margo Jones were an obvious influence on
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The
Enchanted Tiki Room: Stitch Presents Aloha e Komo Mai!
1137:
99:. The 160-seat theatre is located on the campus of the
16:
Theatre space in which the audience surrounds the stage
155:, which stands in opposition to the more traditional
2291:, Mick (May 2018). "A wild ride over stony ground".
1640:
The second tour of the global country-pop superstar
967:(operated from 2004 to 2018; space currently unused)
810:
806:
45:, has seating on four sides with a capacity of 240.
19:"In the round" redirects here. For other uses, see
1869:. Rinehard & Company, Inc.; Sec. Pr. edition
2070:"Welcome to the Wagon Wheel Center for the Arts"
1726:used a circular, in-the-round stage for their
1693:To evoke a three-ring circus, American singer
940:The Enchanted Tiki Room (Under New Management)
662:(can be in the round or normal theatre format)
811:Solvang Festival Theater, Solvang, California
8:
1943:"Roger Ailes, Nixon's Television Man »"
1697:used an in-the-round setting for her 2009
171:audience in a "pit" or "arena" formation.
2184:"Balch Arena Theater at Tufts University"
1514:Mary Moody Northen Theatre, Austin, Texas
402:(replacing the La Boite Theatre Building)
805:Marian Theatre, Santa Maria, California
182:In effect, theatre-in-the-round removes
1817:
1222:Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts
2309:"News | The Snake Pit Returns!!"
1637:tours in 1980 and 1991, respectively.
132:(demolished in the 1960s), including
7:
2126:from the original on 12 October 2019
1391:The Thomas Theater, Ashland, Oregon
942:operated in this attraction's space.
276:Uses in television and concert halls
105:National Register of Historic Places
65:in which the audience surrounds the
2120:School of Music, Theatre, and Dance
1989:Queensland University of Technology
1452:Ula Love Doughty Carousel Theatre,
121:, the original stage production of
1846:in Encyclopedia Britannica online.
1700:The Circus Starring Britney Spears
1621:The English progressive rock band
1537:West Valley Performing Arts Center
1393:(one of the theaters used for the
977:ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter
659:The Castle Theatre, Wellingborough
623:Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester
14:
1957:"La Boite Theatre (entry 602171)"
1740:used a very large circular stage.
918:Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room
869:Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room
654:Tobacco Factory Theatres, Bristol
296:The Selling of the President 1968
2218:, Minneapolis, official web site
1676:Live: In the Round, in Your Face
1565:Glenn Hughes Penthouse Theatre,
920:(previously Tropical Serenade),
843:(torn down for office buildings)
2311:. Metallica.com. Archived from
1302:The Irish Classical Theatre in
1269:Seton Hall Theatre in the Round
830:Cheryl and Harvey White Theatre
779:(Home of Broadway Sacramento's
2031:Hale Centre Theatre in Arizona
1763:2012 European Black Album Tour
1683:, who gave up drinking on the
528:Saint James Cavalier Theatre,
423:Mount Saint Vincent University
130:ANTA Washington Square Theatre
1:
1965:. Queensland Heritage Council
1517:Arena Theater, Houston, Texas
1325:(can also be configured as a
1210:(Built 1967, mothballed 2011)
864:(built 1963, demolished 2007)
847:Riverside Community Players,
392:(no longer used as a theatre)
307:, who later went to on start
21:In the round (disambiguation)
1962:Queensland Heritage Register
1318:Circle in the Square Theatre
1182:Theatre in the Round Players
824:Cassius Carter Centre Stage
128:and all plays staged at the
2297:. No. 248. p. 36.
2059:at The Wells Fargo Pavilion
1395:Oregon Shakespeare Festival
1355:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
1248:(opened 2005, closed 2020.)
703:Everyman Theatre, Liverpool
588:Cockpit Theatre, Marylebone
2361:
2229:"About Seton Hall Theatre"
2169:November 29, 2006, at the
1878:Altenberg, Roger. 1964.
1801:The Castle of Perseverance
1413:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1335:University at Albany, SUNY
1150:South Shore Music Circus,
1114:Painters Mill Music Fair,
18:
2274:October 16, 2016, at the
2214:October 18, 2016, at the
2150:February 8, 2007, at the
2113:"Mark A. Chapman Theatre"
2055:October 28, 2016, at the
1923:"Man in the Arena Part 1"
1824:Tate, Cassandra. 200255.
1759:Wherever We May Roam Tour
1709:Dane Cook: Vicious Circle
1584:Fireside Dinner Theater,
1552:The Barksdale Theater in
1131:North Shore Music Theatre
1078:Mark A. Chapman Theatre,
1065:Flanagan Studio Theater,
985:Festival of the Lion King
386:La Boite Theatre Building
331:The politics of the round
103:in Seattle and is on the
95:, a comedy by playwright
2164:South Shore Music Circus
1653:Into the Millennium Tour
1586:Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
1441:Columbia, South Carolina
1309:NYCB Theatre at Westbury
1294:Circle Repertory Company
1273:South Orange, New Jersey
1199:, Minneapolis, Minnesota
1193:, Minneapolis, Minnesota
1105:Shady Grove Music Fair,
781:Broadway At Music Circus
772:UC Davis Health Pavilion
716:(formerly Raven Theatre)
227:Brigham Young University
101:University of Washington
2255:April 14, 2016, at the
2231:. Seton Hall University
2118:Kansas State University
1887:March 27, 2016, at the
1831:August 8, 2016, at the
1728:Christmas in Spiceworld
1418:Valley Forge Music Fair
1322:New York City, New York
1298:New York City, New York
1289:New York City, New York
1152:Cohasset, Massachusetts
1080:Kansas State University
1029:Richmond Hill Theatre,
989:Disney's Animal Kingdom
861:Los Angeles, California
797:Glendale Centre Theatre
618:Octagon Theatre, Bolton
364:George Mason University
2269:Artisan Center Theatre
2036:June 20, 2013, at the
1541:West Valley City, Utah
1475:Artisan Center Theater
1368:Highland Heights, Ohio
1186:Minneapolis, Minnesota
1170:Medford, Massachusetts
1146:Hyannis, Massachusetts
1135:Beverly, Massachusetts
1116:Owings Mills, Maryland
1107:Gaithersburg, Maryland
1013:Lincolnshire, Illinois
948:Stitch's Great Escape!
840:San Carlos, California
776:Sacramento, California
709:Leeds University Union
688:Stephen Joseph Theatre
347:Some, like the writer
252:Stephen Joseph Theatre
221:dating from 1914, and
158:Stanislavski technique
46:
30:
2250:Plaza Theatre Company
2040:. Accessed 2014-06-20
1899:Jones, Margo. 1951.
1865:Jones, Margo. 1951.
1749:Top of the World Tour
1673:release was entitled
1574:, Seattle, Washington
1466:Plaza Theatre Company
1285:August Wilson Theatre
1226:Kansas City, Missouri
1207:Northfield, Minnesota
1052:Wagon Wheel Theatre,
875:, Anaheim, California
849:Riverside, California
820:San Diego, California
750:Hale Centre Theatre,
579:(after renovation to
572:The Playhouse Theatre
87:Penthouse Theatre in
36:
29:
2209:Theatre in the Round
2145:Cape Cod Melody Tent
2010:"Le Théâtre en Rond"
1985:"Roundhouse Theatre"
1901:Theatre-in-the-Round
1867:Theatre-in-the-Round
1592:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1590:Melody Top Theatre,
1454:Knoxville, Tennessee
1142:Cape Cod Melody Tent
975:(1975–1993) and the
896:District of Columbia
857:Valley Music Theater
801:Glendale, California
671:Newcastle-under-Lyme
485:Hong Kong Disneyland
427:Halifax, Nova Scotia
417:Regina, Saskatchewan
317:'68 Comeback Special
284:when he created his
248:Newcastle-under-Lyme
136:'s autobiographical
51:theatre in the round
2315:on 10 November 2013
2122:. 12 October 2019.
2050:Broadway Sacramento
1782:This Is Not a Drill
1567:Seattle, Washington
1528:Hale Centre Theatre
1422:Devon, Pennsylvania
1258:, Las Vegas, Nevada
1166:Balch Arena Theater
1037:Cornstock Theatre,
938:From 1998 to 2011,
836:Circle Star Theater
792:Anaheim, California
680:Newcastle upon Tyne
645:Blue Orange Theatre
593:Orange Tree Theatre
509:Tokyo Disney Resort
481:Theater in the Wild
359:Arena stage archive
266:Orange Tree Theatre
219:Columbia University
166:Stage configuration
89:Seattle, Washington
2190:on 17 October 2015
1665:British rock band
1612:Christopher Priest
1599:In popular culture
1554:Richmond, Virginia
1437:Longstreet Theatre
1409:F. Otto Haas Stage
1351:Paul Green Theatre
1313:Westbury, New York
1197:Rarig Center Arena
1157:The Little Theatre
1095:Colonial Players,
1020:Mill Run Playhouse
737:Flagstaff, Arizona
612:Greater Manchester
601:Pembroke Theatre,
468:Hong Kong Coliseum
421:Seton Auditorium,
396:Roundhouse Theatre
225:'s productions at
47:
31:
2345:Stage terminology
2278:official web site
2259:official web site
2173:official web site
2154:official web site
2012:. Théatre en rond
1844:Alienation Effect
1765:used this format.
1505:
1497:Fort Worth, Texas
1426:
1425:(demolished 1996)
1398:
1376:Porthouse Theatre
1372:
1371:(Demolished 1994)
1333:Arena Theatre at
1330:
1304:Buffalo, New York
1246:Las Vegas, Nevada
1211:
1120:
1119:(Demolished 1991)
1111:
1084:Manhattan, Kansas
1031:Geneseo, Illinois
1026:(demolished 1984)
997:Bay Lake, Florida
993:Walt Disney World
964:Bay Lake, Florida
960:Walt Disney World
934:Bay Lake, Florida
930:Walt Disney World
886:The Space Theatre
865:
853:
844:
827:
826:(demolished 2008)
816:Old Globe Theatre
784:
742:Celebrity Theatre
717:
707:Pyramid Theatre,
684:
663:
607:
584:
542:Theater Scena STU
368:Fairfax, Virginia
152:alienation effect
37:The stage of the
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2186:. Archived from
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1655:by the American
1499:
1484:Whisenhunt Stage
1424:
1392:
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1339:Albany, New York
1324:
1209:
1118:
1109:
1039:Peoria, Illinois
1009:Marriott Theatre
968:
906:Washington, D.C.
890:Denver, Colorado
863:
851:
842:
825:
778:
752:Gilbert, Arizona
746:Phoenix, Arizona
715:
682:
661:
635:Crucible Theatre
605:
578:
375:Notable examples
314:Elvis Presley's
262:Richmond, London
238:flexible staging
124:Man of La Mancha
2360:
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2355:
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2330:
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2276:Wayback Machine
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2257:Wayback Machine
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2216:Wayback Machine
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2171:Wayback Machine
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2152:Wayback Machine
2143:
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2096:
2094:
2093:. Smith College
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2057:Wayback Machine
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2038:Wayback Machine
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2013:
2008:
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2003:
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1991:
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1955:
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1918:Wayback Machine
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1889:Wayback Machine
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1833:Wayback Machine
1823:
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1791:
1768:In the musical
1724:The Spice Girls
1660:Backstreet Boys
1601:
1581:
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1549:
1524:
1470:Cleburne, Texas
1462:
1449:
1433:
1405:
1388:
1366:The Front Row,
1363:
1347:
1281:
1265:
1238:Le Rêve Theater
1234:
1218:
1191:Guthrie Theater
1178:
1127:
1092:
1075:
1062:
1054:Warsaw, Indiana
1049:
1024:Niles, Illinois
1005:
973:Mission to Mars
966:
914:
898:
882:
852:(built in 1953)
768:
758:Peoria, Arizona
756:Theater Works,
729:
724:
667:New Vic Theatre
631:
614:
559:
554:
538:
525:
501:
464:
448:Théâtre en Rond
435:
409:
382:
377:
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282:Albert McCleery
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184:the fourth wall
168:
61:is a space for
59:central staging
39:Cockpit Theatre
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1945:. 18 May 2017.
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381:
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360:
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353:network effect
332:
329:
277:
274:
244:Stephen Joseph
223:T. Earl Pardoe
203:
200:
192:street theater
187:the audience.
167:
164:
147:Bertolt Brecht
139:After the Fall
15:
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1510:Dallas, Texas
1508:Theatre '47,
1507:
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1498:
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1488:Austin, Texas
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1203:Arena Theater
1201:
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722:United States
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683:(closed 2008)
681:
677:
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621:
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606:(closed 1962)
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493:Lantau Island
490:
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413:Globe Theatre
411:
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306:
302:
301:Joe McGinniss
298:
297:
290:
287:
286:Cameo Theatre
283:
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134:Arthur Miller
131:
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56:
55:arena theatre
52:
44:
40:
35:
28:
22:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:the original
2303:
2294:Classic Rock
2292:
2283:
2264:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2223:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:the original
2178:
2159:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2116:
2107:
2095:. Retrieved
2091:"Facilities"
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2064:
2045:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1937:
1926:
1914:Ghostarchive
1912:Archived at
1908:
1900:
1895:
1880:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1851:
1839:
1820:
1807:Thrust stage
1799:
1778:Roger Waters
1769:
1745:Dixie Chicks
1717:
1707:
1698:
1684:
1674:
1642:Shania Twain
1607:The Prestige
1605:
1502:thrust stage
1403:Pennsylvania
1327:thrust stage
1252:LOVE Theatre
1110:(Demolished)
979:(1994–2003).
952:Tomorrowland
581:Kit Kat Club
472:Hung Hom Bay
362:
346:
342:
334:
322:
315:
313:
294:
291:
285:
279:
270:
256:
242:
237:
234:Gilmor Brown
231:
216:
205:
189:
181:
173:
169:
156:
150:
144:
137:
122:
116:
109:
97:Philip Barry
93:Spring Dance
92:
85:Glenn Hughes
82:
71:
58:
54:
50:
48:
1681:Joe Elliott
1667:Def Leppard
1572:ACT Theatre
1532:Sandy, Utah
1493:Casa Mañana
902:Arena Stage
733:NAU Theatre
696:The Dukes,
692:Scarborough
576:Westminster
489:Penny's Bay
349:Mick Fealty
338:sight lines
305:Roger Ailes
258:Sam Walters
112:Margo Jones
2334:Categories
2130:12 October
1813:References
1714:Louis C.K.
1616:proscenium
1560:Washington
1380:Kent, Ohio
1263:New Jersey
1256:The Mirage
873:Disneyland
766:California
649:Birmingham
563:@sohoplace
439:L'Européen
196:Set design
177:proscenium
1994:5 January
1755:Metallica
1738:360° Tour
1718:Oh My God
1594:(1963–86)
1579:Wisconsin
1447:Tennessee
1176:Minnesota
1097:Annapolis
698:Lancaster
676:The Round
639:Sheffield
629:Elsewhere
462:Hong Kong
452:Sassenage
380:Australia
232:In 1924,
229:in 1922.
110:In 1947,
2272:Archived
2253:Archived
2235:13 April
2212:Archived
2194:13 April
2167:Archived
2148:Archived
2124:Archived
2097:13 April
2075:13 April
2053:Archived
2034:Archived
1969:13 April
1916:and the
1885:Archived
1856:Russian.
1829:Archived
1789:See also
1690:moving."
1686:Hysteria
1657:boy band
1646:Up! Tour
1547:Virginia
1504:in 2003)
1279:New York
1216:Missouri
1101:Maryland
1090:Maryland
1003:Illinois
880:Colorado
597:Richmond
583:in 2021)
530:Valletta
400:Brisbane
390:Brisbane
309:Fox News
179:format.
118:Fun Home
2340:Theatre
2319:20 June
2016:20 June
1928:YouTube
1903:, p. 38
1780:' 2022
1627:Tormato
1254:inside
1240:inside
1047:Indiana
912:Florida
727:Arizona
603:Croydon
513:Urayasu
476:Kowloon
456:Fresnes
202:History
63:theatre
1644:, the
1386:Oregon
1232:Nevada
1161:Newton
1073:Kansas
546:Kraków
536:Poland
433:France
407:Canada
208:Greece
74:Greece
43:London
1795:Arena
1703:tour.
1635:Union
1631:Drama
1618:arch.
1479:Hurst
1460:Texas
713:Leeds
523:Malta
517:Chiba
499:Japan
443:Paris
67:stage
57:, or
2321:2014
2289:Wall
2237:2015
2196:2015
2132:2019
2099:2015
2077:2015
2018:2014
1996:2015
1971:2015
1743:The
1712:and
1651:The
1633:and
1522:Utah
1361:Ohio
1060:Iowa
567:Soho
454:and
212:Rome
210:and
83:The
78:Rome
76:and
1736:'s
1716:'s
1671:VHS
1623:Yes
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325:Yes
299:by
149:'s
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2079:.
2020:.
1998:.
1973:.
1931:.
1720:.
1397:)
1329:)
991:(
958:(
928:(
783:)
126:,
23:.
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