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Theatre of Peru

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20: 417: 205:, who was one of the declaimers who resorted to the theatre scene to communicate to the population, promulgated a decree in which "stage art does not inflict infamy on those who profess it", which was shown in the Gazette on January 2, 1822. Although the theatre of Spanish origin remained in the transition to independent Peru, the first completely original work premiered was 172:, who it is the equivalent of the inspector of later centuries. In 1790 Lorenzo Velazco launched the first theatre company in the country with 20 people in his group. In 1786 a series of much more severe guidelines were established to limit the dissemination of some scenes, motivated among them by political censorship, in charge of the new viceroy 233:, replacing the hospitals in the administration of properties, updated the regulation of shows in closed venues with rights and obligations of those involved. However, there was disinterest in visiting the performances, becoming unprofitable, a case that the entrepreneur Bernardo Soffia assigned to 386:
theatre, both in Lima and with a capacity for more than a thousand attendees. At the time they were the oldest and most representative in Lima, but their constructions were precarious. In 1889, with the relocation of the then oldest area, the theatre with the largest capacity is restructured under
149:, whose first venue called San Bartolomé was one of the oldest in South America. It was held between one or two weekly shows, in the afternoon, whose premises did not have a box office to sell tickets. In 1662 a new place was installed, the Colosseum of Comedies, which was destroyed after the 579:; at the same time that the current National Superior School of Dramatic Art was established, which later published the Dictionary of 1905 more than a century later. In addition, the National Comedy Company and the People's Theatre, pillar organizations in modern theatre. 179:
With the independence of the country, in 1821, the functions remained in the zeal of the authorities to avoid consequences for the population. One of the cases that showed an "anti-Spanish" feeling was The patriots of Lima in the Happy Night by Miguel del Carpio in 1821.
407:
by Carlos Enrique Pasta. In addition, more than forty theatre companies visited Lima until the 20th century. At the same time, Arequipa founded its first venue in 1893, the Fénix Theatre, whose functions were performed by the Spanish Dramatic Company.
402:
Between 1829 and 1905, more than 400 creations by various authors were produced. Of which, around twenty-five works were written during the years 1883 and 1889. An example of them was the national creation of the opera
559:
was established by law 13107, under a financing system for new works. This was complemented with supreme resolutions 3716 and 3717. This would be managed by the then National Theatre Council by the historian
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and company, which sought to promote theatre and dance. In 1953 Reynaldo D'Amore founded the Club de Teatro de Lima, the oldest in the country and trainer of talents for the end of the century such as
456:. However, the title of "municipal" was adopted by the then Principal Theatre." A year later, in 1921, the Excelsior Theatre was built, which later it was renamed British after the purchase of the 500:. In addition, the Baronti children's theatre company was consolidated, one of the first to appeal to the youngest since its creation in 1902. Several schools and companies were founded in 1022:
Huiza, José Luis; Palacios Rodríguez, Raúl; Valdizán Ayala, José (2004). "Educación y cultura en el siglo XIX: El teatro" [Education and culture in the 19th century: The theater].
306:, had a presence in musical performances. In turn, in 1828 the seats were listed for the first time, and in 1835 free access for the highest authorities in boxes was eliminated. 153:. In 1672 they were held at night, in which many performances until 1747 were influenced by showy stage productions or, said otherwise, "Italian style". The first one made was 1559: 1868: 2515:. Antología de teatro latinoamericano (1950–2007) (in Spanish). Vol. 10. Centro Latinoamericano de Creación e Investigación Teatral Buenos Aires. pp. 28–40. 367:
With the economic boost of bringing shows from other countries, in 1856 the first theatre company entered Lima, directed by José Cortez. The function carried out was
244:, to contact various actors in the area and thus promote works of interest; Segura was one of the pioneers in Creole identity, when he published works related to 2068: 1661: 143:
The creations in Peruvian territory originate from the viceregal period with some evidence of public events in the 16th century AD. C. under the model of a
851: 659:
These advances denoted a golden age in the middle of the century, in which the participation of the first actors who contributed to contemporary theatre,
829: 457: 338:) was born to point out the problems offered by the 1834 regulation, whose annotations were partly corrected in an 1849 update, by the charity based on 2556: 1093: 779: 116:
Although the artistic manifestations are based on rituals, dances and festivities from previous centuries, which were investigated by the historian
448:
was inaugurated, which remained in operation for almost a century. In 1915, in the area occupied by the Olimpo theatre, which was set on fire, the
315:, in 1814, in which it had greater acceptance in 1840 and greater reception with the comic opera in the 1850s. On the other On the other hand, the 2391: 2132:, p. 144: "This fact was due to the fact that the Municipality of Lima acquired the Forero Theatre, which they renamed the Municipal Theatre.. 2578: 2463: 2431: 2340: 1675: 1459: 1314: 1451: 1023: 137: 1279: 309:
In those years they marked several milestones: After settling with the opera, it was consolidated with the first original performance,
898:. Actas del Congreso Internacional "La Lengua, la Academia, lo Popular, los Clásicos, los Contemporáneos" (in Spanish). Vol. 2. 520:
experimented with the most recent creations. However, after the death of the latter in 1956, the dynamics slowed down. For his part,
2539: 2491: 2399: 1037: 915: 2197: 19: 439:
was released, considered one of the complete sources to describe the progress of the scene in the country since the viceroyalty.
24: 150: 68:
There are a series of works that were published locally, the first known style is the "harmonic comedy", at the request of the
717:
The theatre has diversified by independent movements, with shows appealing to a wider audience. Modern related shows include
583: 452:
was built under the direction of engineer Alfredo Viale. It was inaugurated on July 28, 1920, and was the predecessor of the
1663:
200 años después. Los escolares preguntan, los historiadores responden. Los escolares preguntan, los historiadores responden
61:. As of 2019, theatre is most consumed in Lima, with 965 thousand people who resorted to this type of recreation, while in 592: 565: 521: 65:
a higher percentage (23.2%) of its inhabitants attend events. In 2022, the performing arts involved 250 thousand people.
2327: 198: 890: 609: 1032:] (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Lima: Fondo de Desarrollo Editorial de la Universidad de Lima. pp. 104–105. 587: 2110: 1667: 837: 544: 517: 416: 357: 194: 58: 2453: 2071:[National Superior School of Dramatic Art reissues the Theatrical Dictionary of Peru from the year 1905]. 425: 2473: 2257: 2235: 1306: 649: 526: 430: 2682: 2672: 453: 449: 161: 69: 282: 202: 2521: 2212: 2050: 899: 816: 293: 234: 207: 117: 84: 2565: 2510: 2449: 2417:
Ministerio de Cultura de Perú (MINCUL); Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (AECI), eds. (2011).
2385: 34:
has been developed since the 18th century. During this period, the most emblematic theatres of the city of
2677: 1103: 690: 660: 464: 395:). Due to the advances in legislation and the new society of the public according to the then publication 212: 497: 287: 2648: 569: 331:, later promoted as the "richest theatre in the Pacific" due to the entry of international celebrities. 311: 250: 223: 80: 2653: 598: 475: 443: 2477: 807: 671: 665: 706: 635: 624: 613: 561: 303: 239: 89: 1937: 1375: 2418: 1066: 744: 702: 442:
In 1911 Politeama caught fire, leaving it inoperative to show performances; however, that year the
73: 2069:"Escuela Nacional Superior de Arte Dramático reedita el Diccionario Teatral del Perú del año 1905" 697:, whose setting was a mine. Simultaneously, the so-called "black theatre" appeared. with the work 486: 399:, in 1898, new articles were promulgated, considered as a means of entertainment for all viewers. 2426:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Fundación Interamericana de Cultura y Desarrollo. pp. 132–145. 2318: 1207: 1098: 725:. The latter first settled in the country with the arrival of the Italian Union company in 1800. 469: 349: 334:
In the face of a series of demonstrations against censorship, the Critical Examination (Spanish:
145: 2509:
Proaño-Gómez, Lola; Geirola, Gustavo (2015). "Teatro Peruano. Introducción histórico-cultural".
164:
were decreed to become the main form of entertainment, which counted as the first guests at the
2610: 263: 2618: 2584: 2574: 2550: 2535: 2497: 2487: 2459: 2437: 2427: 2405: 2395: 2372: 2346: 2336: 2299: 2286: 2267: 2245: 2088: 1959: 1671: 1642: 1630: 1587: 1498: 1455: 1387: 1320: 1310: 1300: 1241: 1199: 1152: 1074: 1043: 1033: 987: 921: 911: 783: 339: 218:
in 1829, with a comic tone elaborated by the pioneer of neoclassical current and qualified by
95: 2312: 2178: 1051: 971: 949: 574: 255: 2527: 1949: 1577: 1567: 1488: 1191: 979: 903: 173: 99: 775:
Perú: observaciones y estudios del pais y sus habitantes durante una permanencia de 25 años
603: 480: 2263:
El teatro de Lima: apuntes históricos (con motivo de la inauguración del Teatro municipal)
1938:"El teatro municipal de Trujillo: Ocaso y Renacimiento de un monumento histórico del Perú" 1560:"Teatro romántico peruano sobre la independencia. La representación de la nobleza incaica" 739: 230: 169: 1869:"La historia de la ópera en el Perú: ¿Cómo llegó esta influencia musical a nuestro país?" 1284: 828:
Alejandra Zúñiga Meneses; Jose Uzuriaga Ignacio; Jacqueline Sacramento Del Valle (2021).
769: 676: 197:
and with the term "theatre" in mind, the focus was placed on the political discourse of
79:
Years later, other creations focused on dramatic life stood out. The pioneering writers
1446:
Tauzin Castellanos, Isabelle (2021). "Los reglamentos de teatro en el Perú 1771-1898".
640: 629: 618: 513: 353: 2666: 552: 388: 297: 219: 39: 2602: 2526:(in Spanish). Vol. 2. Routledge, Taylor & Frances Group. pp. 363–376. 2311:
Delgado, Luis Humberto (1938). "El teatro peruano en la colonia y en la república".
2329:¡Arriba el telón! Historia del teatro en Lima: del siglo XVI a inicios del siglo XX 2115: 1631:"La "unión de todos": teatro y discurso político en la independencia, Lima 1820–21" 734: 705:; Victoria was the director of the Cumanana theatre company founded by her brother 2280: 2261: 2239: 1235: 1142: 773: 491: 229:
In 1829 the exclusion of the seating area by gender was eliminated. In 1834, the
722: 548: 268: 121: 1954: 1476: 568:. In 1946 the National Theatre Award was created, in that the first winner was 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2588: 2441: 2350: 2335:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Munilibros, Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima. 2271: 2249: 2073: 1572: 1493: 856: 356:
established its own regulations to install its own theatre, while in 1859 the
344: 165: 2376: 1963: 1646: 1591: 1502: 1391: 1324: 1245: 1203: 1078: 991: 787: 2501: 2409: 2290: 1156: 1047: 925: 983: 2531: 2481: 1376:"El teatro cortesano en la Lima colonial: recepción y prácticas escénicas" 501: 104: 2567:
Teatro popular en Lima : zarzuelas, sainetes y revistas (1890–1945)
1582: 1151:] (in Spanish). Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba. p. 43. 907: 496:, among others, were vitalized; as well as international guests such as 1873: 1211: 2366: 718: 2420:
Atlas de infraestructura y patrimonio cultural de las Américas, Perú
1195: 551:. In 1945, thanks to the intervention of the Minister of Education 160:
It is the eighteenth century that a series of codes of the viceroy
509: 505: 415: 361: 136:, an area of artificial forests with no other additions. With the 98:
of Peru from 1820 to 1850. There were also productions created in
62: 18: 2244:(in Spanish). Lit. y Tip. de Badiola y Berrio. pp. 191–196. 854:[What is the situation of the performing arts in Peru?]. 57:(now disappeared); which were popular means of shows compared to 693:
stand out. Another playwright, Enrique Solari Swayne, published
342:. In May 1863, a much more flexible regulation was published in 140:, the first representation of a religious type dates from 1568. 35: 1514: 1512: 1280:"Teatro Segura de Lima celebró sus primeros cien años de vida" 531:
was the one who brought modernity to dramaturgy with his play
1182:
Leonard, Irving A. (1940). "El teatro en Lima, 1790–1793".
832:[How are we doing in theater consumption in Peru?] 543:
Simultaneously, alternatives to theatre were developed for
463:
In these years, works developed by various authors such as
869: 867: 852:"¿Cuál es la situación de las artes escénicas en el Perú?" 124:, the representations are classified in the Quechua terms 1766: 1764: 1762: 2573:(in Spanish) (1st ed.). Estación La Cultura S.A.C. 1942:
Devenir – Revista de estudios sobre patrimonio edificado
1529: 1527: 1749: 1747: 1259: 1257: 1255: 956:(in Spanish). Vol. 4, no. 10. pp. 62–74. 277:
At that stage authors such as Ricardo Palma, known for
2390:(in Spanish). Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicación, 648:
In 1942, the Colina cinema theatre was inaugurated in
2282:
Lima "La ciudad de los virreyes": (el libro peruano)
1017: 1015: 1013: 168:. Since 1774 there was a commissioner chosen by the 2615:— with the participation of the Ministry of Culture 1237:
Guía ilustrada de Lima, el Callao y sus alrededores
681:, stands out. In the dramatic genre, works such as 2486:(in Spanish). Editorial MAPFRE. pp. 197–198. 1069:[The origins of theatre in ancient Peru]. 420:Interior of the municipal theatre of Lima in 1924. 302:, in the opera genre. Since then its interpreter, 1477:"El arte dramático en Lima durante el virreinato" 1240:(in Spanish). Impresión del Estado. p. 166. 965: 963: 1234:Cisneros, Carlos B.; García, Rómulo E. (1898). 1144:Aproximaciones a la literatura hispanoamericana 978:. Vol. 11, no. 14. pp. 101–127. 830:¿Cómo vamos en el consumo de teatro en el Perú? 656:by Hortensia Luna de la Puente were performed. 2523:The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre 2285:(in Spanish). Editorial Perú. pp. 80–98. 1558:Vallejo Sameshima, Miguel Ángel (2021-01-21). 1302:Behind Spanish American footlights / monograph 970:Ventura Vásquez, Williams Nicks (2017-12-01). 2317:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. American Express ( 2198:"Las tres últimas décadas del teatro peruano" 1025:El Perú republicano: de San Martín a Fujimori 972:"Posibilidad de un teatro modernista peruano" 261:, which was well received by the public, and 8: 2153: 1518: 1067:"Los orígenes del teatro en el antiguo Perú" 1030:Republican Peru: from San Martín to Fujimori 943: 941: 939: 937: 935: 764: 762: 760: 1274: 1272: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1221: 801: 799: 797: 132:(comedy), in which they were staged in the 2623:— Section of the Grand National Theatre's 2089:"El amago de incendio en el Teatro Olimpo" 1936:Aguado Peña, Sergio Enrique (2022-04-27). 327:), an additional venue next to the future 222:as "one of the glories of Latin America", 2557:Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas 1953: 1581: 1571: 1492: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1374:Rodríguez Garrido, José A. (2008-03-08). 1149:Approaches to Spanish American literature 1073:(in Spanish). Vol. 2. pp. 1–9. 952:[Notes on the Peruvian theater]. 884: 882: 814:(in Spanish). No. 9. pp. 77–91. 378:stable theatre was inaugurated; in 1878, 2306:. Editorial "Minerva". pp. 729–733. 2304:Lima en el IV centenario de su fundación 780:Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 248:, together with Pardo y Aliaga, such as 2266:(in Spanish). Librería é imprenta Gil. 2036: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1923: 1911: 1887: 1854: 1842: 1818: 1806: 1794: 1782: 1770: 1738: 1726: 1702: 1616: 1545: 1533: 1416: 1404: 1349: 1337: 1263: 1169: 1004: 873: 810:[Aspects of Peruvian theater]. 756: 2552:Centro metropolitano de arte dramático 2387:Historia general del teatro en el Perú 806:Hernández, José Alfredo (1947-05-01). 564:, who would be the predecessor of the 2564:Von Bischoffshausen, Gustavo (2018). 2326:Rengifo Carpio, David Carlos (2021). 2165: 2141: 2129: 2051:"El teatro en Arequipa hace un siglo" 2024: 1899: 1830: 1753: 1714: 1690: 1635:Apuntes: Revista de Ciencias Sociales 1604: 1361: 1128: 1116: 1096:[Masks and theater in Peru]. 458:British–Peruvian Cultural Association 352:. Outside of Lima, the department of 7: 2458:(in Spanish). Fondo editorial PUCP. 2455:Antología general del teatro peruano 2298:De la Fuente Chávez, Germán (1935). 1629:Cosamalón Aguilar, Jesús A. (1996). 516:, among others. Solario Swayner and 2549:Ponce Peña, Jennifer Paola (2016). 2392:Universidad de San Martín de Porres 2049:Ugarte Chamorro, Guillermo (1993). 1481:Hispanic American Historical Review 1452:Presses universitaires de Perpignan 2604:Página de los Dramaturgos Peruanos 1867:Mamani, María Elena (2022-08-06). 1092:Miguel Rubio Zapata (2009-12-13). 812:Revista de la Universidad Nacional 14: 2612:Proyecto Nodos Culturales en Lima 2111:"Se inaugura el Teatro Municipal" 2057:. Vol. 22. pp. 329–339. 1475:Johnson, Harvey L. (1946-08-01). 948:Hernández, José A. (1950-04-29). 1065:Roca Rey, Ricardo (1981-07-01). 319:promulgated the creation of the 2371:(in Spanish). Madrid: Aguilar. 950:"Notas sobre el teatro peruano" 889:Márquez Montes, Carmen (2003). 685:by Sebastián Salazar Bondy and 1094:"Máscaras y teatro en el Perú" 588:Alejandro Miró Quesada Garland 584:Association of Amateur Artists 1: 2607:— Database of authors in Peru 2258:Moncloa y Covarrubias, Manuel 2236:Moncloa y Covarrubias, Manuel 2179:"Compañía juvenil e infantil" 1666:(in Spanish) (2nd ed.). 808:"Aspectos del teatro peruano" 566:National Institute of Culture 437:Theatrical Dictionary of Peru 2368:Teatro peruano contemporaneo 2241:Diccionario teatral del Perú 1299:Jones, Willis Knapp (2011). 1102:(in Spanish). Archived from 892:La nueva dramaturgia peruana 426:Manuel Moncloa y Covarrubias 2520:Rubin, Don (2013). "Peru". 2300:"Los espectáculos públicos" 557:Fomento del Teatro Nacional 72:. It was highly popular in 16:Overview of theatre in Peru 2699: 2474:Lohmann Villena, Guillermo 2450:Silva-Santisteban, Ricardo 2279:Laos, Cipriano A. (1927). 2196:Morris, Robert J. (1978). 1955:10.21754/devenir.v9i17.987 1448:Études: Théâtre et pouvoir 94:stand out, who marked the 2659:, a Peruvian TV programme 2077:(in Spanish). 2016-02-26. 1573:10.14198/AMESN.2021.25.21 1494:10.1215/00182168-26.3.359 1307:University of Texas Press 860:(in Spanish). 2022-11-18. 782:. pp. 184, 423–425. 582:In addition, in 1938 the 454:Municipal Theatre of Lima 389:Principal Theatre of Lima 1141:Bueno, Salvador (1984). 283:Carlos Augusto Salaverry 162:Manuel de Amat y Junyent 2213:Universidad Veracruzana 2185:(1): 69–70. 1903-01-03. 1660:Del Pozo, Odín (2021). 900:Universidad de Alicante 836:(Report) (in Spanish). 522:Ventura García Calderón 518:Sebastián Salazar Bondy 348:, it was supervised by 317:Marquess of Torre Tagle 294:National Anthem of Peru 2365:Gibson, Percy (1963). 2314:Comentarios históricos 984:10.35626/cl.14.2017.16 652:, where plays such as 421: 335: 235:Manuel Ascencio Segura 208:Frutos de la educación 155:La gloria de la niquea 138:arrival of the Spanish 85:Manuel Ascencio Segura 28: 25:Grand National Theatre 2532:10.4324/9781315011165 2478:Günther Doering, Juan 2359:Complementary sources 1668:Ministerio de Cultura 838:Ministerio de Cultura 586:(AAA) was founded by 419: 312:Il matrimonio segreto 292:emerged. In 1821 the 224:Felipe Pardo y Aliaga 108:as one of the first. 81:Felipe Pardo y Aliaga 22: 2384:Balta, Aída (2001). 1454:. pp. 343–354. 976:Cuadernos Literarios 902:. pp. 805–813. 770:Middendorf, Ernst W. 465:Juan Rivera Saavedra 279:El santo de Panchita 118:Arturo Jiménez Borja 70:viceroys of the time 745:Peruvian literature 703:Victoria Santa Cruz 691:Julio Ramón Ribeyro 450:Forero installation 382:; and in 1886, the 321:Siete de Septiembre 102:, which highlights 38:arose, such as the 2649:Sucedió en el Perú 2321:). pp. 17–37. 2055:Historia y Cultura 1902:, pp. 99–100. 1564:América sin Nombre 570:Percy Gibson Parra 422: 369:El valle de Andora 350:Pedro Diez Canseco 325:Plazuela de Teatro 251:El sargento Canuto 203:José de San Martín 151:earthquake of 1746 146:corral de comedias 29: 23:Auditorium of the 2580:978-612-47584-1-6 2465:978-9972-42-549-3 2433:978-607-00-4877-7 2342:978-9972-726-45-3 2154:De la Fuente 1935 2039:, pp. 59–61. 1833:, pp. 69–70. 1717:, pp. 63–64. 1693:, pp. 66–67. 1677:978-612-48506-2-2 1607:, pp. 65–66. 1548:, pp. 15–16. 1519:De la Fuente 1935 1461:978-2-35412-387-1 1419:, pp. 6, 14. 1340:, pp. 17–18. 1316:978-1-4773-0015-2 876:, pp. 20–23. 599:Yvonne Frayssinet 562:Luis E. Valcárcel 476:Juan Gonzalo Rose 397:La Revista Social 358:Municipal Theatre 340:national identity 296:premiered at the 96:national identity 2690: 2657: 2592: 2572: 2560: 2545: 2516: 2505: 2469: 2445: 2425: 2413: 2380: 2354: 2334: 2322: 2307: 2294: 2275: 2253: 2217: 2216: 2202: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2099:(8). 1918-03-02. 2085: 2079: 2078: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1980: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1957: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1864: 1858: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1757: 1751: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1585: 1575: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1522: 1516: 1507: 1506: 1496: 1472: 1466: 1465: 1443: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1276: 1267: 1261: 1250: 1249: 1231: 1216: 1215: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1089: 1083: 1082: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1050:. Archived from 1019: 1008: 1002: 996: 995: 967: 958: 957: 945: 930: 929: 897: 886: 877: 871: 862: 861: 848: 842: 841: 835: 825: 819: 815: 803: 792: 791: 766: 680: 672:Ricardo Roca Rey 669: 645:, among others. 644: 633: 622: 610:Carlos Alcántara 607: 596: 578: 530: 498:Santiago Ontañón 495: 484: 473: 434: 329:Teatro Principal 299:Teatro Principal 291: 272: 259: 243: 216: 174:Teodoro de Croix 93: 41:Teatro Principal 2698: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2683:Theatre in Peru 2673:History of Lima 2663: 2662: 2651: 2620:Artes escénicas 2599: 2581: 2570: 2563: 2548: 2542: 2519: 2512:Paraguay y Perú 2508: 2494: 2472: 2466: 2448: 2434: 2423: 2416: 2402: 2383: 2364: 2361: 2343: 2332: 2325: 2310: 2297: 2278: 2256: 2234: 2231: 2229:Primary sources 2226: 2221: 2220: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2128: 2124: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2011: 2007: 1999: 1995: 1987: 1983: 1975: 1971: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1922: 1918: 1910: 1906: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1817: 1813: 1805: 1801: 1793: 1789: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1760: 1752: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1725: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1615: 1611: 1603: 1599: 1566:(25): 245–254. 1557: 1556: 1552: 1544: 1540: 1532: 1525: 1517: 1510: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1445: 1444: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1399: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1360: 1356: 1348: 1344: 1336: 1332: 1317: 1309:. p. 253. 1298: 1297: 1293: 1278: 1277: 1270: 1262: 1253: 1233: 1232: 1219: 1184:Hispanic Review 1181: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1164: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1115: 1111: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1040: 1021: 1020: 1011: 1003: 999: 969: 968: 961: 947: 946: 933: 918: 895: 888: 887: 880: 872: 865: 850: 849: 845: 833: 827: 826: 822: 805: 804: 795: 768: 767: 758: 753: 740:Culture of Peru 731: 715: 674: 663: 638: 636:Giovanni Ciccia 627: 625:Tatiana Astengo 616: 614:Sergio Galliani 601: 590: 572: 541: 524: 489: 478: 467: 428: 414: 285: 266: 253: 237: 231:Charity of Lima 210: 193:Already in the 191: 186: 170:Cabildo of Lima 114: 87: 74:viceregal times 32:Theatre in Peru 17: 12: 11: 5: 2696: 2694: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2628: 2616: 2608: 2598: 2597:External links 2595: 2594: 2593: 2579: 2561: 2555:(in Spanish). 2546: 2540: 2517: 2506: 2492: 2470: 2464: 2446: 2432: 2414: 2400: 2381: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2341: 2323: 2308: 2295: 2276: 2254: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2188: 2170: 2168:, p. 116. 2158: 2156:, p. 731. 2146: 2144:, p. 341. 2134: 2122: 2102: 2080: 2060: 2041: 2029: 2027:, p. 105. 2017: 2005: 1993: 1981: 1969: 1928: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1880: 1859: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1811: 1799: 1787: 1775: 1773:, p. 197. 1758: 1756:, p. 364. 1743: 1731: 1719: 1707: 1695: 1683: 1676: 1670:. p. 31. 1652: 1621: 1609: 1597: 1550: 1538: 1523: 1521:, p. 729. 1508: 1487:(3): 359–361. 1467: 1460: 1450:(in Spanish). 1421: 1409: 1397: 1386:(1): 115–143. 1366: 1354: 1342: 1330: 1315: 1305:(in Spanish). 1291: 1268: 1251: 1217: 1196:10.2307/470060 1174: 1162: 1133: 1121: 1109: 1106:on 2009-12-17. 1084: 1057: 1054:on 2022-09-24. 1038: 1009: 997: 959: 931: 916: 878: 863: 843: 820: 793: 778:(in Spanish). 755: 754: 752: 749: 748: 747: 742: 737: 730: 727: 714: 711: 699:Espantapájaros 545:national radio 540: 537: 413: 410: 336:Examen crítico 195:Republican era 190: 187: 185: 182: 113: 110: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2695: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2678:Colonial Peru 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2658: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2569: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2547: 2543: 2541:9781315011165 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2493:84-7100-407-0 2489: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2401:9972-54-072-3 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2331: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205:Texto Crítico 2199: 2192: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2119:. 2011-04-08. 2118: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2075: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2018: 2015:, p. 25. 2014: 2009: 2006: 2003:, p. 22. 2002: 1997: 1994: 1991:, p. 52. 1990: 1985: 1982: 1979:, p. 37. 1978: 1973: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1948:(17): 65–80. 1947: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1929: 1926:, p. 20. 1925: 1920: 1917: 1914:, p. 20. 1913: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1893: 1890:, p. 16. 1889: 1884: 1881: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1863: 1860: 1857:, p. 26. 1856: 1851: 1848: 1845:, p. 27. 1844: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1824: 1821:, p. 25. 1820: 1815: 1812: 1809:, p. 18. 1808: 1803: 1800: 1797:, p. 30. 1796: 1791: 1788: 1785:, p. 24. 1784: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1741:, p. 29. 1740: 1735: 1732: 1729:, p. 27. 1728: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1708: 1705:, p. 26. 1704: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1622: 1619:, p. 13. 1618: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1539: 1536:, p. 29. 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1471: 1468: 1463: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1367: 1364:, p. 54. 1363: 1358: 1355: 1352:, p. 18. 1351: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1295: 1292: 1288:. 2009-07-10. 1287: 1286: 1281: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1190:(2): 93–112. 1189: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1172:, p. 17. 1171: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1137: 1134: 1131:, p. 31. 1130: 1125: 1122: 1119:, p. 30. 1118: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1088: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1039:9972-45-169-0 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1007:, p. 29. 1006: 1001: 998: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 966: 964: 960: 955: 951: 944: 942: 940: 938: 936: 932: 927: 923: 919: 917:84-7908-732-3 913: 909: 905: 901: 894: 893: 885: 883: 879: 875: 870: 868: 864: 859: 858: 853: 847: 844: 839: 831: 824: 821: 818: 813: 809: 802: 800: 798: 794: 789: 785: 781: 777: 776: 771: 765: 763: 761: 757: 750: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 732: 728: 726: 724: 720: 712: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 683:El rabdomante 678: 673: 667: 662: 657: 655: 651: 646: 642: 637: 631: 626: 620: 615: 611: 605: 600: 594: 589: 585: 580: 576: 571: 567: 563: 558: 554: 553:Jorge Basadre 550: 546: 538: 536: 534: 528: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 493: 488: 482: 477: 471: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 446: 440: 438: 432: 427: 418: 411: 409: 406: 400: 398: 394: 393:Teatro Segura 390: 385: 381: 377: 372: 370: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 346: 341: 337: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 313: 307: 305: 301: 300: 295: 289: 284: 280: 275: 273: 270: 265: 260: 257: 252: 247: 241: 236: 232: 227: 225: 221: 220:Ricardo Palma 217: 214: 209: 204: 200: 196: 188: 183: 181: 177: 175: 171: 167: 163: 158: 156: 152: 148: 147: 141: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120:. During the 119: 111: 109: 107: 106: 101: 97: 91: 86: 82: 77: 75: 71: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 46: 42: 37: 33: 26: 21: 2647: 2625:Cultura24.tv 2624: 2619: 2611: 2603: 2566: 2551: 2522: 2511: 2482: 2454: 2419: 2386: 2367: 2328: 2313: 2303: 2281: 2262: 2240: 2224:Bibliography 2208: 2204: 2191: 2183:Actualidades 2182: 2173: 2161: 2149: 2137: 2125: 2116:RPP Noticias 2114: 2105: 2096: 2093:Sudamericana 2092: 2083: 2072: 2063: 2054: 2044: 2037:Moncloa 1909 2032: 2020: 2013:Moncloa 1909 2008: 2001:Delgado 1938 1996: 1989:Moncloa 1909 1984: 1977:Moncloa 1909 1972: 1945: 1941: 1931: 1924:Delgado 1938 1919: 1912:Moncloa 1909 1907: 1895: 1888:Moncloa 1909 1883: 1872: 1862: 1855:Moncloa 1909 1850: 1843:Moncloa 1909 1838: 1826: 1819:Delgado 1938 1814: 1807:Moncloa 1909 1802: 1795:Delgado 1938 1790: 1783:Delgado 1938 1778: 1771:Lohmann 1992 1739:Rengifo 2021 1734: 1727:Delgado 1938 1722: 1710: 1703:Delgado 1938 1698: 1686: 1662: 1655: 1638: 1634: 1624: 1617:Moncloa 1909 1612: 1600: 1583:10045/111944 1563: 1553: 1546:Moncloa 1909 1541: 1534:Moncloa 1909 1484: 1480: 1470: 1447: 1417:Moncloa 1909 1412: 1407:, p. 5. 1405:Moncloa 1909 1400: 1383: 1379: 1369: 1357: 1350:Delgado 1938 1345: 1338:Delgado 1938 1333: 1301: 1294: 1285:La República 1283: 1266:, p. 4. 1264:Moncloa 1909 1236: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1170:Delgado 1938 1165: 1148: 1143: 1136: 1124: 1112: 1104:the original 1097: 1087: 1070: 1060: 1052:the original 1029: 1024: 1005:Delgado 1938 1000: 975: 953: 908:10553/112286 891: 874:Moncloa 1905 855: 846: 840:. p. 7. 823: 811: 774: 735:Peruvian art 723:puppet shows 716: 713:21st century 698: 694: 686: 682: 661:Luis Álvarez 658: 653: 647: 581: 556: 549:radio dramas 547:, including 542: 532: 487:Julio Ortega 462: 445:Teatro Colón 444: 441: 436: 423: 412:20th century 404: 401: 396: 392: 387:the name of 383: 379: 375: 374:In 1850 the 373: 368: 366: 343: 333: 328: 324: 320: 310: 308: 298: 278: 276: 262: 249: 246:costumbrismo 245: 228: 206: 199:independence 192: 189:19th century 178: 159: 154: 144: 142: 133: 129: 128:(drama) and 125: 115: 103: 78: 67: 59:bullfighting 54: 50: 44: 40: 31: 30: 2652: [ 2319:El Comercio 1641:: 129–143. 1099:El Comercio 954:Mar del Sur 675: [ 664: [ 639: [ 628: [ 617: [ 602: [ 591: [ 573: [ 525: [ 490: [ 479: [ 468: [ 429: [ 391:(today the 304:Rosa Merino 286: [ 267: [ 254: [ 238: [ 211: [ 122:Inca empire 88: [ 43:(today the 2667:Categories 2589:1057895566 2442:1025891551 2351:1351938892 2272:1142467063 2250:1031655366 2215:: 120–125. 2166:Balta 2001 2142:Ponce 2016 2130:Balta 2001 2025:Balta 2001 1900:Balta 2001 1831:Balta 2001 1754:Rubin 2013 1715:Balta 2001 1691:Balta 2001 1605:Balta 2001 1362:Balta 2001 1129:Balta 2001 1117:Balta 2001 751:References 695:Collacocha 650:Miraflores 539:Golden Age 533:Holofernes 376:Variedades 360:opened in 345:El Peruano 166:Perricholi 112:Background 2377:956280053 1964:2616-4949 1647:2223-1757 1592:1989-9831 1503:0018-2168 1392:2223-375X 1380:Histórica 1325:974489446 1246:680018634 1204:0018-2176 1079:2523-6318 992:2708-9983 788:632403555 707:Nicomedes 687:Atusparia 535:in 1931. 424:In 1905, 405:La fronda 380:Politeama 264:Ña Catita 55:Politeama 2627:platform 2502:28157476 2480:(1992). 2452:(2000). 2410:47705542 2291:55387767 2260:(1909). 2238:(1905). 1157:12602846 1048:57424890 926:52773073 772:(1973). 729:See also 719:circuses 514:Trujillo 502:Arequipa 354:Trujillo 105:Ollantay 51:Olímpico 2074:Perú 21 1874:Infobae 857:Perú 21 323:(later 184:History 130:araguay 100:Quechua 2630:Parts 2587:  2577:  2538:  2500:  2490:  2462:  2440:  2430:  2408:  2398:  2375:  2349:  2339:  2289:  2270:  2248:  1962:  1674:  1645:  1590:  1501:  1458:  1390:  1323:  1313:  1244:  1212:470060 1210:  1202:  1155:  1077:  1071:Lienzo 1046:  1036:  990:  924:  914:  786:  555:, the 384:Olimpo 281:, and 49:, the 45:Segura 2656:] 2640:Three 2571:(PDF) 2424:(PDF) 2333:(PDF) 2201:(PDF) 1208:JSTOR 1147:[ 1028:[ 896:(PDF) 834:(PDF) 679:] 668:] 643:] 632:] 621:] 606:] 595:] 577:] 529:] 510:Piura 506:Cuzco 494:] 483:] 472:] 433:] 362:Tacna 290:] 271:] 258:] 242:] 215:] 134:malki 126:wanca 92:] 63:Tacna 2644:Four 2642:and 2585:OCLC 2575:ISBN 2536:ISBN 2498:OCLC 2488:ISBN 2483:Lima 2460:ISBN 2438:OCLC 2428:ISBN 2406:OCLC 2396:ISBN 2373:OCLC 2347:OCLC 2337:ISBN 2287:OCLC 2268:OCLC 2246:OCLC 1960:ISSN 1672:ISBN 1643:ISSN 1588:ISSN 1499:ISSN 1456:ISBN 1388:ISSN 1321:OCLC 1311:ISBN 1242:OCLC 1200:ISSN 1153:OCLC 1075:ISSN 1044:OCLC 1034:ISBN 988:ISSN 922:OCLC 912:ISBN 784:OCLC 721:and 670:and 654:Nora 83:and 53:and 36:Lima 2646:of 2636:Two 2632:One 2528:doi 1950:doi 1578:hdl 1568:doi 1489:doi 1192:doi 980:doi 904:hdl 817:PDF 701:by 689:by 2669:: 2654:es 2638:, 2634:, 2583:. 2534:. 2496:. 2476:; 2436:. 2404:. 2394:. 2345:. 2302:. 2211:. 2209:10 2207:. 2203:. 2181:. 2113:. 2097:11 2095:. 2091:. 2053:. 1958:. 1944:. 1940:. 1871:. 1761:^ 1746:^ 1639:39 1637:. 1633:. 1586:. 1576:. 1562:. 1526:^ 1511:^ 1497:. 1485:26 1483:. 1479:. 1424:^ 1384:32 1382:. 1378:. 1319:. 1282:. 1271:^ 1254:^ 1220:^ 1206:. 1198:. 1186:. 1042:. 1012:^ 986:. 974:. 962:^ 934:^ 920:. 910:. 881:^ 866:^ 796:^ 759:^ 709:. 677:es 666:es 641:es 634:, 630:es 623:, 619:es 612:, 608:, 604:es 593:es 575:es 527:es 512:, 508:, 504:, 492:es 485:, 481:es 474:, 470:es 460:. 435:' 431:es 371:. 364:. 288:es 274:. 269:es 256:es 240:es 226:. 213:es 201:. 176:. 157:. 90:es 76:. 2591:. 2559:. 2544:. 2530:: 2504:. 2468:. 2444:. 2412:. 2379:. 2353:. 2293:. 2274:. 2252:. 1966:. 1952:: 1946:9 1877:. 1680:. 1649:. 1594:. 1580:: 1570:: 1505:. 1491:: 1464:. 1394:. 1327:. 1248:. 1214:. 1194:: 1188:8 1159:. 1081:. 994:. 982:: 928:. 906:: 790:. 47:) 27:.

Index


Grand National Theatre
Lima
Teatro Principal (today the Segura)
bullfighting
Tacna
viceroys of the time
viceregal times
Felipe Pardo y Aliaga
Manuel Ascencio Segura
es
national identity
Quechua
Ollantay
Arturo Jiménez Borja
Inca empire
arrival of the Spanish
corral de comedias
earthquake of 1746
Manuel de Amat y Junyent
Perricholi
Cabildo of Lima
Teodoro de Croix
Republican era
independence
José de San Martín
Frutos de la educación
es
Ricardo Palma
Felipe Pardo y Aliaga

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