56:
1402:
1267:
962:
1879:
1767:
88:
1173:
81:
1775:
1871:
869:
1675:
1610:
1471:
1313:
3498:
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1517:(1129–1111 BC), about 1114 BC, a series of investigations into the plundering of royal tombs in the necropolis of western Thebes uncovered proof of corruption in high places, following an accusation made by the mayor of the east bank against his colleague on the west. The plundered royal mummies were moved from place to place and at last deposited by the priests of Amun in a tomb-shaft in
3092:
2016:(2001). It is said to be the "Land of the Living". (In real history, there was no such name given to it.) The films feature scenes taking place in ancient Egypt in its prime, which affect the story in the modern setting some 3000 years later. In "The Egyptian" by the author Mika Waltari, there are ellaborate descriptions on how Thebes looked during the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
3528:
3508:
1067:
797:, which follows a great bend of the Nile. As a natural consequence, the city was laid in a northeast–southwest axis parallel to the contemporary river channel. Thebes had an area of 93 km (36 sq mi), which included parts of the Theban Hills in the west that culminates at the sacred 420-meter (1,380-foot)
1467:(built around the Ramesseum) that concentrated the taxes collected from Upper Egypt; and by the gold from expeditions to Nubia and the Eastern Desert. During Ramesses' long 66-year reign, Egypt and Thebes reached an overwhelming state of prosperity that equaled or even surpassed the earlier peak under Amenhotep III.
825:, the capital of the First Dynasty, was located in the same region as Thebes for this reason. Both cities were at a crossroad region in Upper Egypt between the Nile in the north to south direction and Saharan caravan routes connecting to Red Sea maritime routes via Wadi Hammamat in the East West direction. The
1641:
This city, the whole of it, I conquered it with the help of Ashur and Ishtar. Silver, gold, precious stones, all the wealth of the palace, rich cloth, precious linen, great horses, supervising men and women, two obelisks of splendid electrum, weighing 2,500 talents, the doors of temples I tore from
1100:, which most likely served as the inspiration for the later and larger temple built next to it by Hatshepsut in the 18th Dynasty. After these events, the 11th Dynasty was short-lived, as less than twenty years had elapsed between the death of Mentuhotep II and that of
674:; the temple is now known by its Arabic name, Karnak ("fortified village"), on the northeast bank of the city. Since Homer refers to the metropolis by this name, and since Demotic script did not appear until a later date, the etymology is doubtful. As early as
1549:
kings who ruled from the Delta. Intermarriage and adoption strengthened the ties between them, daughters of the Tanite kings being installed as God's Wife of Amun at Thebes, where they wielded greater power. Theban political influence receded only in the
1717:
to the throne in 132 BC. Harsiesi, having helped himself to the funds of the royal bank at Thebes, fled the following year. In 91 BC, another revolt broke out. In the following years, Thebes was subdued, and the city turned into rubble.
1642:
their bases and carried them off to
Assyria. With this weighty booty I left Thebes. Against Egypt and Kush I have lifted my spear and shown my power. With full hands I have returned to Nineveh, in good health.
1831:). Unlike the other temples in Thebes, it is not dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the king in death. Instead, it is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the
1801:. What differentiated it from the many temples of Egypt is the length of time it was built over (more than 2,000 years, starting in the Middle Kingdom). The main features of this temple are its ten large
3567:
3562:
1589:) and reunified Egypt yet again. His reign saw a significant amount of building work undertaken throughout Egypt, especially at the city of Thebes, which he made the capital of his kingdom. In
1447:(1279–1213 BC), who still resided for part of every year in Thebes. Ramesses II carried out extensive building projects in the city, such as statues and obelisks, the third enclosure wall of
888:
has estimated that by 1500 BC, Thebes may have grown to be the largest city in the world, with a population of about 75,000, a position it held until about 900 BC, when it was surpassed by
1525:. (The finding of these two hiding places in 1881 and 1898, respectively, was one of the great events of modern archaeological discovery.) Such maladministration in Thebes led to unrest.
1226:. The Thebans resisted the Hyksos' further advance by making an agreement for a peaceful concurrent rule between them. The Hyksos were able to sail upstream past Thebes to trade with the
3002:
66:
3054:
1633:
seized Thebes, invaded Lower Egypt and laid siege to
Memphis, but abandoned his attempts to conquer the country in 663 BC and retreated southwards. The Assyrians pursued him and
1371:'s reign (1388–1350 BC). Aside from embellishing the temples of Amun, Amenhotep increased construction in Thebes to unprecedented levels. On the west bank, he built the enormous
884:, the largest city in the world at the time). By 1800 BC, the population of Memphis was down to about 30,000, making Thebes the largest city in Egypt at the time. Historian
347:
and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient
Egyptian history. The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of
1506:. In the 25th year of his reign, workers in Deir el-Medina began striking for pay and there arose a general unrest of all social classes. Subsequently, an unsuccessful
2422:
2365:
1332:. The Theban god Amun became a principal state deity and every building project sought to outdo the last in proclaiming the glory of Amun and the pharaohs themselves.
1127:. Thebes was already, in the Middle Kingdom, a town of considerable size. Excavations around the Karnak temple show that the Middle Kingdom town had a layout with a
2426:
2369:
3144:
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2312:
55:
1390:(1351–1334 BC), Thebes fell on hard times; the city was abandoned by the court, and the worship of Amun was proscribed. The capital was moved to the new city of
731:. The name was therefore translated into Greek as Diospolis, "City of Zeus". To distinguish it from the numerous other cities by this name, it was known as the
2167:
Huddlestun, John R. “Nahum, Nineveh, and the Nile: The
Description of Thebes in Nahum 3:8–9.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 62, no. 2, 2003, pp. 97–98.
1305:, where there was a greater demand for scribes and the literate as the royal archives began to fill with accounts and reports. At the city the favored few of
1092:(meaning "Montu is satisfied"), took the Herakleopolitans by force and reunited Egypt once again under one ruler, thereby starting the period now known as the
3170:
2995:
1690:
The good relationship of the
Thebans with the central power in the North ended when the native Egyptian pharaohs were finally replaced by Greeks, led by
1494:(reigned 1187–56) donated 86,486 slaves and vast estates to the temples of Amun. Ramesses III received tributes from all subject peoples including the
1192:, "rulers of foreign lands" as Egyptians called their leaders) immigrated into Egypt and overran the Canaanite center of power at Avaris, starting the
3587:
3242:
2274:
2250:
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1706:, held large parts of Upper Egypt until 185 BC. This revolt was supported by the Theban priesthood. After the suppression of the revolt in 185 BC,
1401:
3471:
3299:
1347:(reigned 1479–1458 BC) helped the Theban economy flourish by renewing trade networks, primarily the Red Sea trade between Thebes' Red Sea port of
1160:. By doing so, the Asiatics established hegemony over the majority of the Delta region, subtracting these territories from the influence of the
936:
More than sixty annual festivals were celebrated in Thebes. The major festivals among these, according to the Edfu
Geographical Text, were: the
3572:
3552:
2988:
2066:
records that owing to its "connection" with the
Egyptian city, the Boeotian Thebes also had an idol and temple of Amun from the 5th century BC.
1887:
3531:
3111:
2394:
2337:
253:
3417:
2044:
1601:
accomplished many notable projects at Thebes (i.e. the Kiosk in Karnak) and Nubia before the
Assyrians started to wage war against Egypt.
3289:
3284:
3165:
2753:(London: Scribner, 1905), 307. Google Books partial-view: books.google.com/books?id=04VUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA307; and E. A. Wallis Budge,
1266:
1002:
king
Senusret may have been usurped and re-used, since the statue bears a cartouche of Nyuserre on its belt. Since seven rulers of the
3137:
2296:
1725:(30 BC–641 AD), the remaining communities clustered around the pylon of the Luxor temple. Thebes became part of the Roman province of
2824:"museedegrenoble.fr, Servir les dieux d'Égypte (Serving the Gods of Egypt, Adoratrices, Songstresses, and Priests of Amun at Thebes)"
80:
3602:
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3254:
2782:
2762:
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2639:
2514:
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1010:
Dynasties appear on the Karnak king list, perhaps at the least there was a temple in the Theban area that dated to the Old
Kingdom.
151:
2266:
517:
450:
397:
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3407:
3175:
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1915:
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945:
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Under the later Ramessids, Thebes began to decline as the government fell into grave economic difficulties. During the reign of
818:
515:
456:
392:
3385:
3237:
1930:
1055:
817:
coast. Wadi Hammamat was the primary trade route linking Egypt to the Red Sea since Pre-Dynastic times. Uruk civilization was
2541:
Sequences and chronology of Second Intermediate Period royal-name scarabs, based on excavated series from Egypt and the Levant
3412:
2853:
2725:
2557:
1586:
459:
453:
452:
395:
301:
3059:
1646:
Thebes never regained its former political significance, but it remained an important religious centre. Assyrians installed
1258:, the Hyksos capital. Ahmose I drove the Hyksos out of Egypt and the Levant and reclaimed the lands formerly ruled by them.
1123:
was becoming increasingly prominent throughout Egypt. The oldest remains of a temple dedicated to Amun date to the reign of
2202:
961:
3198:
3193:
3130:
2289:"Ancient Egyptian "Origins and "Identity" In Ancient Egyptian society : challenging assumptions, exploring approaches
1920:
1502:
Libyans. The whole of Egypt was experiencing financial problems, however, exemplified in the events at Thebes' village of
1398:
returned the capital to Memphis, but renewed building projects at Thebes produced even more glorious temples and shrines.
1176:
Depiction of Asiatic (left) and Egyptian people (right). The Asiatic leader is labeled as "Ruler of foreign lands", Ibsha.
1131:. The city was at least one kilometre long and 50 hectares in area. Remains of two palatial buildings were also detected.
986:
pharaohs. Although no buildings survive in Thebes older than portions of the Karnak temple complex that may date from the
829:
is also located near Thebes; this valley connected Thebes to an oasis on the Western Desert. It is notable for the first
3345:
3220:
3188:
1551:
1243:
911:
The archaeological remains of Thebes offer a striking testimony to Egyptian civilization at its height. The Greek poet
3429:
3392:
3340:
3259:
1945:
1534:
1420:
1294:
1139:
1629:'s army, Taharqa abandoned Lower Egypt and fled to Thebes. After his death three years later his nephew (or cousin)
3279:
1748:
1324:
With Egypt stabilized again, religion and religious centers flourished and none more so than Thebes. For instance,
1235:
1215:
1197:
1193:
1293:
founded a new age for a unified Egypt with Thebes as its capital. The city remained as capital during most of the
1230:
and the Thebans brought their herds to the Delta without adversaries. The status quo continued until Hyksos ruler
1042:), based at Thebes, ruled the remaining part of Upper Egypt. The Theban rulers were apparently descendants of the
3402:
3370:
3355:
3350:
3249:
3203:
1925:
1637:, whose name was added to a long list of cities plundered and destroyed by the Assyrians, as Ashurbanipal wrote:
1538:
1039:
2583:
1698:. In spite of his welcoming visit, Thebes became a center for dissent. Towards the end of the third century BC,
3521:
3511:
3397:
3318:
3269:
1878:
1818:
232:
1766:
1702:(Horwennefer), possibly of Nubian origin, led a revolt against the Ptolemies in Upper Egypt. His successor,
1277:
1093:
1003:
987:
328:
316:
3557:
3501:
3434:
3274:
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1722:
1023:
1019:
1007:
885:
652:
281:
1246:) of Thebes. Soon the armies of Thebes marched on the Hyksos-ruled lands. Tao died in battle and his son
3466:
2006:
1843:
travels from Karnak to Luxor temple highlighting the godly significance of the pharaoh's re-coronation .
1475:
830:
648:
1751:. Building did not come to an abrupt stop, but the city continued to decline. In the first century AD,
3597:
3491:
3449:
3306:
3215:
3208:
3043:
2602:
Dorman, P. (2015). "Thebes|Ancient city, Egypt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016-02-07, from
2545:
The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties), Current Research, Future Prospects
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temple. After this, colossal enlargements of the temple became the norm throughout the New Kingdom.
3311:
3232:
3011:
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1974:
1935:
1891:
1798:
1786:
1691:
1650:(664–610 BC), who ascended to Thebes in 656 BC and brought about the adoption of his own daughter,
1035:
754:
364:
196:
2823:
2582:
Draper, R. (2008). "The Black Pharaohs". National Geographic Magazine. Retrieved 2016-02-24, from
1172:
3365:
3328:
3227:
2412:
2355:
2306:
1996:, a three-month exhibition on the city of Thebes and the role of women in the city at that time.
1985:
1861:
664:
1774:
2661:
1870:
1793:). Still the second largest religious building ever built, it is the main house of worship for
928:): "... in Egyptian Thebes the heaps of precious ingots gleam, the hundred-gated Thebes."
868:
3323:
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3072:
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2510:
2504:
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2400:
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2343:
2333:
2292:
2012:
1856:
1740:
1683:
1674:
1663:
1609:
1271:
965:
761:
758:
565:
356:
125:
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3294:
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2935:
2884:
2329:
The ancient history of the Near East : from the earliest times to the battle of Salamis
1846:
1507:
1487:
1470:
1348:
971:
Thebes was inhabited from around 3200 BC. It was the eponymous capital of Waset, the fourth
641:
2440:
2270:
2246:
1962:
1851:
1460:
1379:
palace-city, which fronted a 364-hectare artificial lake. In the city proper he built the
1312:
1231:
1047:
877:
790:
637:
273:
107:
1541:, the High Priest of Amun exerted absolute power over the South, a counterbalance to the
3360:
3036:
2603:
2500:
2263:
2035:
1993:
1899:
1634:
1574:
1503:
1211:), the rulers of the 13th Dynasty fled south to Thebes, which was restored as capital.
979:
881:
802:
746:
699:
340:
31:
2662:"Ramses II | Biography, Accomplishments, Tomb, Mummy, Death, & Facts | Britannica"
2239:
1394:(Amarna in modern Egypt), midway between Thebes and Memphis. After his death, his son
3592:
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3153:
3078:
3031:
2700:
2475:
1695:
1518:
1368:
1325:
1302:
1239:
1201:
1101:
1097:
1089:
937:
810:
660:
627:
309:
293:
2614:
Mark, J. (2009). "Thebes". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2016-02-06, from
1835:
of Egypt were crowned. It is a centerpiece of the "Opet Festival", where the sacred
1561:(Nubians) were growing their influence over Thebes and Upper Egypt. In 721 BC, King
1363:
brought to Thebes a great deal of his war booty that originated from as far away as
3422:
3097:
1966:
1840:
1824:
1744:
1626:
1578:
1570:
1546:
1542:
1522:
1491:
1483:
1452:
1432:
1380:
1360:
1356:
1223:
1161:
1108:
999:
991:
975:
837:
601:
352:
344:
324:
2463:
1778:
Obelisk, Ramesside colossi and great pylon of Luxor Temple with subtle orange glow
1510:
led to the executions of many conspirators, including Theban officials and women.
1309:
were reeducated with Egyptian culture, to serve as administrators of the colony.
2980:
2972:
2912:
2849:
2810:
Dorman, P. (2015). "Luxor". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2016-02-27, from
2737:
Ashurbanipal (auto) biography cylinder, c. 668 BCE; in James B. Pritchard, ed.,
1950:
1810:
1699:
1655:
1514:
1495:
1444:
1395:
1181:
1112:
1031:
1027:
995:
983:
972:
826:
794:
782:
573:
139:
2850:
Ramesseum/Ancient Thebes Digital Media Archive (photos, laser scans, panoramas)
2684:
2615:
1058:, though his power did not extend much further than the general Theban region.
3461:
3087:
2404:
2025:
1651:
1582:
1566:
1436:
1344:
1333:
1219:
1196:
there. The Hyksos kings gained the upper hand over Lower Egypt early into the
1124:
853:
833:
inscription, which appeared shortly after Thebes became the capital of Egypt.
786:
778:
728:
17:
2347:
1138:
people began settling in the eastern Nile Delta. They eventually founded the
944:, and Festival of II Shemu. Another popular festivity was the halloween-like
166:
153:
2955:
2945:
2137:
1910:
1707:
1703:
1647:
1630:
1533:
Control of local affairs tended to come more and more into the hands of the
1456:
1424:
1387:
1128:
1085:
900:
896:
586:, a long staff with an animal's head and a forked base. From the end of the
2384:
1218:) stood firmly over their immediate region as the Hyksos advanced from the
2327:
1096:. Mentuhotep II ruled for 51 years and built the first mortuary temple at
3333:
3026:
2547:
edited by Marcel Maree, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 192, 2010, p. 91
2039:
1714:
1558:
1499:
1290:
1251:
895:
A 2005 study on Theban nobles had found that the mummified remains had a
841:
2811:
2739:
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement
1328:
poured much of his vast wealth from foreign tribute into the temples of
880:, Thebes had about 40,000 inhabitants in 2000 BC (compared to 60,000 in
327:(Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the
3375:
3122:
3049:
2904:
2894:
2844:
1904:
1832:
1814:
1727:
1659:
1622:
1614:
1598:
1594:
1562:
1464:
1376:
1364:
1227:
1116:
1051:
1043:
845:
814:
798:
713:
583:
579:
357:
necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes
1817:. It was the most important temple for a majority of Ancient Egyptian
753:). The Greek names came into wider use after the conquest of Egypt by
359:
can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by
2839:
2386:
Egyptian antiquities in the Nile Valley : a descriptive handbook
1989:
1970:
1836:
1752:
1679:
1590:
1448:
1440:
1391:
1337:
1317:
1255:
1247:
1200:(1657–1549 BC). When the Hyksos took Memphis during or shortly after
1185:
1143:
1135:
1070:
889:
857:
849:
822:
613:
609:
360:
355:
stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a
348:
2086:
1439:. Thebes maintained its revenues and prestige through the reigns of
1119:. Thebes continued to thrive as a religious center as the local god
243:
2720:(Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing Limited, 2011), 153.
2093:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
1617:
at the precinct of Amun-Re at Karnak Temple restored to full height
1066:
3015:
2857:
2840:
More information on ancient Thebes, a World Cultural Heritage site
1877:
1874:
Sunshine illuminates Hatshepsut's mortuary temple in Deir al-Bahri
1869:
1773:
1765:
1673:
1608:
1469:
1400:
1352:
1311:
1306:
1301:). It also became the center for a newly established professional
1265:
1171:
1065:
960:
941:
917:
912:
867:
680:
675:
336:
320:
313:
129:
121:
1713:
Half a century later the Thebans rose again, elevating a certain
1658:
invaded Egypt and became pharaoh, subordinating the kingdom as a
813:
near Thebes. It was used as an overland trade route going to the
343:, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a
1883:
1794:
1329:
1120:
806:
597:
305:
3126:
2984:
1250:
took charge of the campaign. After Kamose's death, his brother
2798:
2795:
The fall of Thebes to the Assyrians and its decline thereafter
2688:
1367:. The 18th Dynasty reached its peak during his great-grandson
1336:(reigned 1506–1493 BC) began the first great expansion of the
605:
1755:
described Thebes as having been relegated to a mere village.
1654:, as heiress to God's Wife of Amun there. In 525 BC, Persian
736:
703:
689:
2749:. Translated earlier in John Pentland Mahaffy et al., eds.,
2704:
2326:
Hall, H. R. (Harry Reginald), 1873-1930 (22 December 2015).
2229:
Wilkinson, T. (2013). "The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt".
1710:, in need of the support of the priesthood, pardoned them.
1134:
Starting in the later part of the 12th Dynasty, a group of
809:
draining into the valley. Significant among these wadis is
2651:
Wilkinson, T. (2013). "The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt"
2240:
Cities of the Ancient World: An Inventory (−3500 to −1200)
1797:, Thebes' patron deity, and the residence of the powerful
1770:
The main entrance to Karnak flanked by ram-headed sphinxes
1073:
of Intef I inscribed posthumously for him by Mentuhotep II
998:
has been found in Karnak. Another statue dedicated by the
1593:
he erected a pink granite statue of himself wearing the
978:. At this time it was still a small trading post, while
323:. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian
2728:
and books.google.com/books?id=7VeoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP153
1386:
For a brief period in the reign of Amenhotep III's son
1054:
was the first of the family to claim in life a partial
1981:
are among the greatest achievements of ancient Egypt.
67:
The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia
3568:
Populated places disestablished in the 1st century BC
3563:
Populated places established in the 4th millennium BC
2225:
2223:
2004:
In popular culture, Thebes is a setting in the films
1474:
Polychromed column with bas-reliefs at the temple of
2755:
A History of Ethiopia: Volume I, Nubia and Abyssinia
2604:
http://www.britannica.com/place/Thebes-ancient-Egypt
821:
to Egypt along this corridor. It is the likely that
504:
442:
384:
249:
239:
227:
219:
211:
203:
194:
190:
182:
145:
135:
117:
103:
1383:and the Avenue of the Sphinxes leading to Karnak.
684:, the Greeks distinguished the Egyptian Thebes as
2573:, pp. 18–19. Headline Book Publishing Ltd., 2001.
2571:Egypt's Golden Empire: The Age of the New Kingdom
1747:was headquartered in Luxor temple at the time of
1463:. The constructions were bankrolled by the large
2466:. Ancient-wisdom.co.uk. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.
1694:. He visited Thebes during a celebration of the
1565:of the Kushites defeated the combined forces of
1482:The city continued to be well kept in the early
698:) or "Hundred-Gated Thebes", as opposed to the "
308:about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the
2757:(London: Taylor & Francis, 1928/2014), 38.
3138:
2996:
1984:From 25 October 2018 to 27 January 2019, the
1813:, sub-temples, numerous shrines and multiple
8:
2616:https://www.worldhistory.org/Thebes_(Egypt)/
631:
621:
37:
2628:The Amarna Period and the later New Kingdom
2421:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2383:Baikie, James, 1866-1931. (29 March 2018).
2364:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
757:, when the country came to be ruled by the
720:
3145:
3131:
3123:
3055:Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae
3003:
2989:
2981:
2871:
2777:(Manchester University Press, 2019), 198.
2425:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2417:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2368:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2360:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2311:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
836:Nearby towns in the fourth Upper Egyptian
777:Thebes was located along the banks of the
508:
446:
388:
54:
36:
2701:Egypt: Thebes, A Feature Tour Egypt Story
2275:list of largest cities throughout history
2251:list of largest cities throughout history
2031:List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities
1682:temple, Deir el-Medina (built during the
2741:(Princeton UP, 1950/1969/2014), 294-95.
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2480:Ancient Egypt, Anatomy of a Civilization
1018:By 2160 BC, a new line of pharaohs (the
990:, the lower part of a statue of Pharaoh
647:"Thebes" is sometimes claimed to be the
376:
2775:Egypt of the Saite Pharaohs, 664–525 BC
2509:. New York: Random House. p. 560.
2441:"Opet | Egyptian festival | Britannica"
2078:
2056:
1164:that had meanwhile succeeded the 12th.
940:, the Khoiak (Festival), Festival of I
2410:
2353:
2304:
3112:List of World Heritage Sites in Egypt
2812:http://www.britannica.com/place/Luxor
1026:Dynasties) consolidated control over
982:served as the royal residence of the
915:extolled the wealth of Thebes in the
612:. This name of Thebes appears in the
248:
238:
226:
218:
210:
202:
193:
87:
7:
3507:
2685:RAMESSES III: THE LAST GREAT PHARAOH
2291:. Abingdon, Oxon. pp. 111–122.
2087:"Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis"
2045:List of historical capitals of Egypt
1435:the seat of government moved to the
1262:New Kingdom and the height of Thebes
604:of deities whose other members were
3527:
2632:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
801:. In the east lies the mountainous
632:
622:
277:
111:
2506:The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt
2126:Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache
2113:Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache
1988:organized with the support of the
590:, Thebes was known in Egyptian as
312:. Its ruins lie within the modern
207:Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis
25:
3255:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
2922:Thebes as capital of united Egypt
2864:ICOMOS Heritage at Risk 2001/2002
2482:, Second Edition, New York 2006,
1214:Theban princes (now known as the
1115:moved the seat of power North to
3588:Former populated places in Egypt
3526:
3516:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3485:
3448:
3090:
1916:Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III
946:Beautiful Festival of the Valley
872:Population of Thebes 2000–900 BC
86:
79:
30:For the ancient Greek city, see
3517:
1931:Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III
1104:, in mysterious circumstances.
785:about 800 km south of the
2854:Supreme Council of Antiquities
789:. It was built largely on the
1:
3573:Archaeological sites in Egypt
3553:World Heritage Sites in Egypt
2558:Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
2530:Wilkinson (2011), pp. 188 ff.
1921:Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
1597:(the double crown of Egypt).
1413:
1316:Overhead illustration of the
1281:
1205:
1154:
1147:
1078:
922:
686:"Thebes of the Hundred Gates"
670:("the temple"), referring to
3079:Wadi El Hitan (Whale Valley)
2091:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1789:at Karnak (Ancient Egyptian
1735:, centered at the city, and
1254:continued until he captured
3440:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
3260:Population history of Egypt
2799:http://www.reshafim.org.il/
2689:http://www.greatdreams.com/
1621:In 667 BC, attacked by the
1421:Yale Center for British Art
3619:
2801:. Retrieved on 2016-02-06.
2751:A History of Egypt, vol. 3
2707:. Retrieved on 2016-02-06.
2691:. Retrieved on 2016-02-06.
1478:, dedicated to Rameses III
1274:at Thebes during the flood
1198:Second Intermediate Period
1168:Second Intermediate Period
737:
704:
690:
656:
285:
197:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
3480:
3457:
3446:
3184:
3161:
3107:
3085:
3022:
2969:
2960:
2952:
2942:
2933:
2927:
2919:
2909:
2901:
2891:
2882:
2874:
2705:http://www.touregypt.net/
1926:Mortuary Temple of Seti I
1731:, which later split into
1539:Third Intermediate Period
1529:Third Intermediate Period
1451:temple, additions to the
1014:First Intermediate Period
899:which "indicated notably
700:Thebes of the Seven Gates
537:"Heliopolis of the South"
263:
259:
74:
53:
42:
3603:Former capitals of Egypt
3583:Former national capitals
3492:Ancient Egypt portal
2940:c. 1550 BC – c. 1353 BC
2917:c. 1700 BC – c. 1550 BC
2852:, data from an Egyptian
2287:Keita Shomarka. (2022).
2203:"Ancient Egyptian Trade"
1749:Roman campaigns in Nubia
1375:and the equally massive
1050:. His probable grandson
3578:Cities in ancient Egypt
2207:Boundless World History
1406:The Ramesseum at Thebes
938:Beautiful Feast of Opet
727:, Amun was rendered as
2845:Theban Mapping Project
2718:Women in Ancient Egypt
2464:Karnak (Thebes), Egypt
1894:
1875:
1779:
1771:
1687:
1644:
1618:
1557:By around 750 BC, the
1479:
1428:
1321:
1287:
1177:
1074:
1034:from their capital in
1030:and northern parts of
968:
873:
831:Proto-Sinatic alphabet
781:in the middle part of
750:
721:
335:eras. It was close to
3166:Glossary of artifacts
2967:c. 1332 BC – 1085 BC
2889:2060 BC – c. 1980 BC
2189:Description of Greece
1881:
1873:
1783:Ancient built-up area
1777:
1769:
1677:
1639:
1612:
1537:, so that during the
1473:
1404:
1315:
1269:
1175:
1069:
966:The Theban Necropolis
964:
926: 8th Century BC
871:
414:"City of the Scepter"
302:ancient Egyptian city
167:25.72056°N 32.61028°E
104:Alternative name
27:Ancient Egyptian city
3060:Saint Catherine Area
3044:Giza pyramid complex
3012:World Heritage Sites
2860:research partnership
2179:, IV.406 and IX.383.
1979:Valley of the Queens
1941:Valley of the Queens
1807:Great Hypostyle Hall
1787:Great Temple of Amun
1535:High Priests of Amun
1488:Great Harris Papyrus
1410:John Frederick Lewis
1038:. A rival line (the
723:interpretatio graeca
600:", the chief of the
568:name for Thebes was
62:Great Hypostyle Hall
3312:Cursive hieroglyphs
2716:Barbara Watterson,
1975:Valley of the Kings
1946:Tombs of the Nobles
1936:Valley of the Kings
1892:Valley of the Kings
1692:Alexander the Great
1670:Graeco-Roman Period
1521:and in the tomb of
1443:(1290–1279 BC) and
1036:Herakleopolis Magna
755:Alexander the Great
696:Thēbai hekatómpyloi
636:) mentioned in the
365:World Heritage Site
163: /
39:
3285:Funerary practices
3040:and its Necropolis
2666:www.britannica.com
2569:Tyldesley, Joyce.
2556:Margaret Bunson, "
2445:www.britannica.com
2389:. Abingdon, Oxon.
2269:2011-07-26 at the
2264:Social Development
2245:2014-05-19 at the
2238:George Modelski, "
2000:In popular culture
1986:Museum of Grenoble
1895:
1876:
1862:Avenue of Sphinxes
1780:
1772:
1688:
1619:
1480:
1429:
1322:
1288:
1178:
1075:
1056:pharaonic titulary
969:
874:
858:Sumenu and Imiotru
630:and also as "No" (
304:located along the
240:Reference no.
172:25.72056; 32.61028
95:Shown within Egypt
3540:
3539:
3295:Great Royal Wives
3265:Prehistoric Egypt
3120:
3119:
3075:
3066:
3048:
3041:
2979:
2978:
2970:Succeeded by
2943:Succeeded by
2920:Succeeded by
2892:Succeeded by
2396:978-1-351-34406-7
2339:978-1-317-27164-2
2149:Ezekiel 30:14–16.
2013:The Mummy Returns
1957:Cultural heritage
1888:Mentuherkhepeshef
1857:Precinct of Montu
1741:Ptolemais Hermiou
1684:Ptolemaic Dynasty
1664:Achaemenid Empire
1272:Statues of Memnon
1180:A second wave of
762:Ptolemaic dynasty
733:"Great Diospolis"
710:Thēbai heptápyloi
691:Θῆβαι ἑκατόμπυλοι
562:
561:
558:
557:
528:
527:
524:
523:
497:
496:
467:
466:
463:
462:
435:
434:
405:
404:
401:
400:
294:ancient Egyptians
267:
266:
126:Luxor Governorate
16:(Redirected from
3610:
3530:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3452:
3147:
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3100:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3070:
3064:
3046:
3039:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2982:
2963:Capital of Egypt
2953:Preceded by
2936:Capital of Egypt
2928:Preceded by
2902:Preceded by
2885:Capital of Egypt
2875:Preceded by
2872:
2828:
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2100:
2098:
2083:
2067:
2061:
1951:The Rise of Aten
1882:The entrance to
1847:Temple of Khonsu
1737:Thebais Inferior
1733:Thebais Superior
1723:Roman occupation
1508:Harem conspiracy
1418:
1415:
1359:. Her successor
1286:
1283:
1210:
1207:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1083:
1080:
1040:Eleventh Dynasty
927:
924:
892:(among others).
743:Diospolis Megálē
740:
739:
738:Διόσπολις Μεγάλη
734:
726:
707:
706:
693:
692:
687:
665:Demotic Egyptian
658:
635:
634:
625:
624:
619:
595:
509:
505:
501:
500:
447:
443:
439:
438:
389:
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377:
345:religious center
292:), known to the
287:
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2793:
2789:
2773:Roger Forshaw,
2772:
2768:
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2715:
2711:
2699:
2695:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2634:, Oxford 2000,
2630:, in: I. Shaw:
2626:J. van Dijk: ''
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2588:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2551:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2501:Wilkinson, Toby
2499:
2498:
2494:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2409:
2397:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2352:
2340:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2303:
2299:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:Wayback Machine
2261:
2257:
2247:Wayback Machine
2237:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2187:
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2166:
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2158:Jeremiah 46:25.
2157:
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2123:
2119:
2110:
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2022:
2002:
1959:
1867:Western Thebes:
1852:Precinct of Mut
1799:Amun priesthood
1763:Eastern Thebes:
1761:
1672:
1662:to the greater
1607:
1531:
1461:mortuary temple
1416:
1373:mortuary temple
1284:
1264:
1208:
1170:
1157:
1150:
1081:
1064:
1048:Intef the Elder
1016:
959:
954:
934:
925:
909:
878:George Modelski
866:
791:alluvial plains
775:
770:
768:Characteristics
751:Diospolis Magna
732:
705:Θῆβαι ἑπτάπυλοι
685:
638:Book of Ezekiel
617:
596:, the "City of
591:
572:, "City of the
538:
536:
516:
477:
476:"Southern City"
475:
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60:Pillars of the
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1994:British Museum
1961:The two great
1958:
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1575:Peftjauawybast
1530:
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1504:Deir el-Medina
1263:
1260:
1222:southwards to
1209: 1700 BC
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1158: 1710 BC
1151: 1805 BC
1094:Middle Kingdom
1082: 2050 BC
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1062:Middle Kingdom
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3154:Ancient Egypt
3148:
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3032:Islamic Cairo
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2878:Herakleopolis
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2763:9781317649151
2760:
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2521:, pp. 183-187
2518:
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2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2490:, pp. 225-229
2489:
2488:9780415235501
2485:
2481:
2477:
2476:Barry J. Kemp
2472:
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2465:
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2173:
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2164:
2161:
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2152:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:, pp. 54,479.
2127:
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2019:
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2015:
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2009:
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1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
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1976:
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1326:Amenhotep III
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1278:David Roberts
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1098:Deir el-Bahri
1095:
1091:
1090:Mentuhotep II
1087:
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870:
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811:Wadi Hammamat
808:
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653:Ancient Greek
650:
645:
643:
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629:
628:Book of Nahum
615:
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282:Ancient Greek
275:
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204:Official name
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3098:Egypt portal
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2665:
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2444:
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2258:
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2095:. Retrieved
2090:
2081:
2059:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1983:
1967:Luxor Temple
1960:
1866:
1841:Theban Triad
1828:
1825:Luxor Temple
1790:
1762:
1745:Roman legion
1736:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1689:
1645:
1640:
1627:Ashurbanipal
1620:
1613:A column of
1587:24th Dynasty
1579:23rd Dynasty
1571:22nd Dynasty
1556:
1547:22nd Dynasty
1532:
1523:Amenhotep II
1512:
1492:Ramesses III
1490:states that
1484:20th Dynasty
1481:
1476:Medinet Habu
1459:, his grand
1453:Luxor temple
1433:19th Dynasty
1430:
1405:
1385:
1381:Luxor temple
1361:Thutmose III
1357:land of Punt
1342:
1323:
1295:18th Dynasty
1289:
1270:
1244:17th Dynasty
1236:15th Dynasty
1224:Middle Egypt
1216:16th Dynasty
1213:
1194:15th Dynasty
1189:
1179:
1162:13th Dynasty
1140:14th Dynasty
1133:
1129:grid pattern
1109:12th Dynasty
1106:
1076:
1017:
1000:12th Dynasty
970:
935:
916:
910:
894:
875:
864:Demographics
835:
776:
742:
718:
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695:
679:
671:
667:
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602:Theban Triad
592:
574:
569:
563:
533:
472:
410:
369:
297:
289:
269:
268:
65:
3598:Upper Egypt
3532:WikiProject
3346:Mathematics
3307:Hieroglyphs
3221:Portraiture
3189:Agriculture
3176:Main topics
2973:Pi-Ramesses
2913:Upper Egypt
2911:Capital of
2212:14 November
2201:Boundless.
2191:, IX.16 §1.
2097:7 September
2010:(1999) and
1898:Village of
1811:sacred lake
1759:Major sites
1721:During the
1700:Hugronaphor
1656:Cambyses II
1635:took Thebes
1605:Late Period
1552:Late Period
1515:Ramesses IX
1496:Sea Peoples
1445:Ramesses II
1417: 1845
1396:Tutankhamun
1299:New Kingdom
1285: 1845
1238:) insulted
1190:Heqa-khasut
1113:Amenemhat I
1107:During the
1077:Finally by
1046:of Thebes,
1032:Upper Egypt
1028:Lower Egypt
996:5th Dynasty
984:Old Kingdom
957:Old Kingdom
827:Wadi el-Hol
819:transmitted
795:Nile Valley
783:Upper Egypt
618:"Nōʼ ʼĀmôn"
588:New Kingdom
541:hieroglyphs
480:hieroglyphs
418:hieroglyphs
333:New Kingdom
170: /
146:Coordinates
140:Upper Egypt
3547:Categories
3462:Egyptology
3430:Technology
3393:Philosophy
3341:Literature
3233:Chronology
3073:Necropolis
2726:1445612666
2671:2022-05-25
2450:2022-05-25
2405:1030993159
2074:References
2026:New Thebes
1886:, tomb of
1829:Ipet resyt
1678:Relief in
1652:Nitocris I
1583:Bakenranef
1567:Osorkon IV
1455:, and the
1345:Hatshepsut
1334:Thutmose I
1204:'s reign (
1125:Senusret I
921:, Book 9 (
886:Ian Morris
842:Per-Hathor
779:Nile River
759:Macedonian
729:Zeus Ammon
716:, Greece.
661:hellenized
473:niw.t rs.t
231:1979 (3rd
228:Designated
223:I, III, VI
186:Settlement
158:32°36′37″E
155:25°43′14″N
3366:Mythology
3290:Geography
3280:Dynasties
3228:Astronomy
3071:with its
2956:Akhetaten
2946:Akhetaten
2413:cite book
2356:cite book
2348:933433562
2307:cite book
2138:Nahum 3:8
2115:, p. 211.
2064:Pausanias
2007:The Mummy
1973:—and the
1911:Ramesseum
1708:Ptolemy V
1704:Ankhmakis
1648:Psamtik I
1631:Tantamani
1465:granaries
1457:Ramesseum
1431:With the
1425:New Haven
1392:Akhetaten
1388:Akhenaten
1349:Al-Qusayr
1136:Canaanite
1086:Intef III
901:dark skin
897:histology
805:with its
773:Geography
649:Latinised
626:) in the
593:njw.t-jmn
300:, was an
3502:Category
3423:District
3418:Capitals
3403:Religion
3386:Titulary
3376:Pharaohs
3356:Military
3351:Medicine
3334:Hieratic
3324:Language
3250:Clothing
3204:Obelisks
3027:Abu Mena
2642:, p. 290
2503:(2011).
2332:. Oxon.
2267:Archived
2243:Archived
2040:namesake
2020:See also
1992:and the
1977:and the
1833:pharaohs
1815:obelisks
1715:Harsiesi
1623:Assyrian
1559:Kushites
1500:Meshwesh
1355:and the
1291:Ahmose I
1276:, after
1252:Ahmose I
1182:Asiatics
992:Nyuserre
663:form of
651:form of
642:Jeremiah
584:pharaohs
566:Egyptian
534:iwnw-sm’
373:Toponymy
339:and the
314:Egyptian
220:Criteria
215:Cultural
118:Location
3522:Outline
3512:Commons
3472:Museums
3408:Scribes
3398:Pottery
3329:Demotic
3319:History
3270:Cuisine
3199:Revival
3065:Ancient
3050:Dahshur
3037:Memphis
2905:Itjtawy
2895:Itjtawy
1963:temples
1905:Malkata
1890:in the
1839:of the
1819:history
1791:Ta-opet
1728:Thebais
1660:satrapy
1615:Taharqa
1599:Taharqa
1595:Pschent
1563:Shabaka
1377:Malkata
1365:Mittani
1232:Apophis
1228:Nubians
1184:called
1117:Itjtawy
1088:'s son
1052:Intef I
994:of the
980:Memphis
952:History
932:Culture
907:Economy
882:Memphis
815:Red Sea
799:al-Qurn
793:of the
719:In the
714:Boeotia
672:jpt-swt
623:נא אמון
616:as the
582:of the
580:sceptre
578:", the
233:session
3371:People
3238:Cities
3156:topics
3068:Thebes
2930:Thebes
2781:
2761:
2745:
2724:
2638:
2543:, in:
2513:
2486:
2403:
2393:
2346:
2336:
2295:
2038:– the
1990:Louvre
1971:Karnak
1837:barque
1805:, the
1803:pylons
1753:Strabo
1680:Hathor
1591:Karnak
1486:. The
1449:Karnak
1441:Seti I
1343:Queen
1338:Karnak
1320:temple
1318:Karnak
1256:Avaris
1248:Kamose
1188:(from
1186:Hyksos
1144:Avaris
1071:Serekh
1044:prince
890:Nimrud
850:Djerty
823:Thinis
668:tꜣ jpt
659:, the
614:Tanakh
610:Khonsu
361:UNESCO
349:Karnak
290:Thēbai
274:Arabic
270:Thebes
250:Region
136:Region
108:Arabic
38:Thebes
3435:Trade
3413:Sites
3361:Music
3275:Dance
3209:Pylon
3171:Index
3016:Egypt
2858:CyArk
2177:Iliad
2051:Notes
1625:king
1437:Delta
1408:, by
1307:Nubia
1220:Delta
1024:Tenth
1020:Ninth
942:Shemu
918:Iliad
913:Homer
840:were
807:wadis
787:Delta
747:Latin
712:) in
681:Iliad
676:Homer
657:Θῆβαι
570:wꜣs.t
411:wꜣs.t
363:as a
353:Luxor
337:Nubia
321:Luxor
298:Waset
286:Θῆβαι
254:Egypt
130:Egypt
122:Luxor
64:, in
48:Θῆβαι
44:Waset
3593:Amun
3381:List
3300:List
3243:List
2779:ISBN
2759:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2636:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2427:link
2423:link
2419:link
2401:OCLC
2391:ISBN
2370:link
2366:link
2362:link
2344:OCLC
2334:ISBN
2313:link
2293:ISBN
2214:2022
2099:2021
1969:and
1884:KV19
1809:, a
1795:Amun
1743:. A
1545:and
1543:21st
1498:and
1353:Elat
1330:Amun
1121:Amun
1022:and
976:nome
854:Iuny
846:Madu
838:nome
640:and
608:and
598:Amun
564:The
351:and
331:and
325:nome
317:city
306:Nile
278:طيبة
212:Type
183:Type
112:طيبة
46:طيبة
3216:Art
3014:in
1573:),
1153:or
1146:in
1142:at
1008:6th
1006:to
1004:4th
903:".
702:" (
678:'s
606:Mut
575:wꜣs
539:in
478:in
416:in
319:of
296:as
3549::
3047:to
3042:–
2797:.
2703:.
2687:.
2664:.
2589:^
2478::
2443:.
2415:}}
2411:{{
2399:.
2358:}}
2354:{{
2342:.
2309:}}
2305:{{
2222:^
2205:.
2089:.
1666:.
1581:)
1554:.
1423:,
1414:c.
1412:,
1351:,
1282:c.
1280:,
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