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328:, a former Small Fortress supervisor. Wachholz was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity for participating in the murders of over 300 prisoners, some of whom he personally beat, stoned, kicked, and drowned. He was also convicted of complicity in the firing squad executions of at least 183 people. Wachholz was sentenced to death in 1968, and executed at
309:
held two trials against people who worked in Small
Fortress in the early 1950s. In 1950, Karl Spielmann was sentenced to 4.5 years in prison for grievous bodily harm in connection to the abuse of prisoners. In 1953, a Kapo, Josef Wollenweber, was sentenced to 4 years in prison on four counts of
154:
Living conditions in the prison were deteriorating every year, with the prisoners being used as slave labor mainly outside the fortress with various companies in the area. Nazi authorities used forced slave labor for military production for the Reich until the very last days of the war.
339:, a former Small Fortress supervisor who was nicknamed "The handsome Toni". In 2001, Malloth was convicted of beating at least 100 prisoners to death and sentenced to life in prison. Dying of cancer, he was released from prison 10 days before his death on 31 October 2002.
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arrived from Prague, and were leading measures to stop the spread of the epidemic in the fortress and the ghetto. Together they wrote a report describing the appalling conditions and mistreatment of German civilians incarcerated in the Small
Fortress after the war ended.
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members, some
British POWs, and other people from the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, France, Italy etc. Throughout the operation of the Gestapo prison, around 32,000 people (including 5,000 women) were incarcerated here.
302:. The first research into this area was possible only after the fall of communism in 1989. Results of the historical research were published in 1997, and are available on the premises of the Terezín Memorial.
162:. Around 2,600 prisoners were killed in the fortress through hunger, torture and poor hygiene. Thousands died after being transported from Terezín to concentration camps and elsewhere.
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In 1945–1948 the fortress served as an internment camp initially for the German POWs, and later for the German civilian population from
Czechoslovakia, destined to be
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in the Czech
Republic. The former military fortress was established at the end of the 18th century together with the whole town of Terezín on the right bank of the
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treatment. In total more than 250 prisoners were executed here, with the last execution of 51 people taking place on 2 May 1945.
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The Small
Fortress had the character of a transitional prison, where the prisoners were being gradually sent to
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dangerous bodily harm and one count fatal bodily harm, for abusing inmates, sometimes fatally.
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There were several trials held for atrocities committed in the fortress during the war.
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River. It served as a prison in the 19th century and was also house of
Imprisonment for
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415:"Čech, který porazil neštovice. Komunisté ale epidemiologa Rašku o zásluhy připravili"
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358:"Zemřel Gavrilo Princip, pachatel atentátu na Františka Ferdinanda d'Este"
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erupted in the fortress and the nearby ghetto. Czech epidemiologists
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298:. The expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia was a taboo topic in
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Executions in the fortress were carried out from 1943, based on the
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from 10 June 1940 until May 1945. It was the largest prison in the
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58:) is a fortress forming a significant part of the town of
82:, the fortress served as a prison for the opponents of
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27:Austro-Hungarian prison located in modern Czechia
186:Notable prisoners of the Small Fortress include
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165:Commanding officer of the Small Fortress was
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492:"Theresienstadt Lexikon: Josef Wollenweber"
972:Nazi concentration camps in Czechoslovakia
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183:, executed after the war in October 1946.
122:, the fortress served as a prison for the
866:Siegfried Lederer's escape from Auschwitz
114:Place of executions in the Small Fortress
18:Theresienstadt Small Fortress (1940–1945)
335:In 2000, German officials also arrested
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29:
540:"Theresienstadt Lexikon: Kurt Wachholz"
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390:"Policejní věznice v Malé pevnosti"
131:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
356:Hamouzová, Iveta (28 April 2008).
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861:Theresienstadt and the Red Cross
34:Entrance to the Small Fortress
1:
962:Prisons in the Czech Republic
787:I Never Saw Another Butterfly
564:"Former Nazi Guard Gets Life"
544:www.ghetto-theresienstadt.de
496:www.ghetto-theresienstadt.de
423:(in Czech). 21 November 2017
274:At the end of World War II,
94:, who assassinated Archduke
952:Forts in the Czech Republic
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754:Theresienstadt family camp
96:Franz Ferdinand of Austria
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637:(July 1943–February 1944)
631:(November 1941–July 1943)
292:expelled from the country
643:(February 1944–May 1945)
300:communist Czechoslovakia
828:Transport from Paradise
516:"Nazi Crimes on Trial"
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86:. During the war, the
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928:50.51250°N 14.15722°E
856:Theresienstadt Papers
615:Theresienstadt Ghetto
256:Emil František Burian
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677:Benjamin Murmelstein
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651:Prisoner leadership
319:Kurt Willi Wachholz
313:In the late 1960s,
167:SS-Hauptsturmführer
160:concentration camps
933:50.51250; 14.15722
846:Białystok children
520:www.expostfacto.nl
443:"Internační tábor"
332:on 28 April 1969.
270:After World War II
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294:in line with the
284:František Patočka
225:Siegfried Lederer
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244:Milada Horáková
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699:Fredy Hirsch
635:Anton Burger
571:. Retrieved
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368:. Retrieved
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315:East Germany
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307:West Germany
304:
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266:and others.
248:Kamil Krofta
185:
164:
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120:World War II
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106:World War II
100:tuberculosis
90:nationalist
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48:Malá pevnost
39:
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931: /
724:Baranavichy
717:Deportation
679:(1944–1945)
673:(1943–1944)
667:(1941–1943)
622:Commandants
468:"brdeng218"
427:18 February
322: [
280:Karel Raška
236: [
217: [
206: [
191: [
173: [
80:World War I
74:World War I
946:Categories
916:50°30′45″N
704:Leo Holzer
573:2022-09-08
549:2022-09-08
525:2022-07-21
501:2022-09-08
477:2022-09-08
453:2021-01-29
449:(in Czech)
400:2021-01-29
396:(in Czech)
370:2021-01-29
366:(in Czech)
343:References
264:Eduard Urx
229:Josef Bílý
203:Hugo Vojta
919:14°9′26″E
874:Prisoners
775:Brundibár
749:Auschwitz
744:Treblinka
694:Leo Baeck
641:Karl Rahm
317:arrested
899:Category
739:Majdanek
88:Yugoslav
957:Terezín
804:In film
766:Culture
127:Gestapo
118:During
78:During
60:Terezín
870:Lists
839:Topics
831:(1962)
823:(1949)
815:(1944)
734:Izbica
687:Others
124:Prague
52:German
879:Works
794:Vedem
729:Minsk
326:]
240:]
221:]
210:]
195:]
181:]
44:Czech
429:2021
282:and
64:Ohře
38:The
948::
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542:.
518:.
494:.
470:.
445:.
417:.
392:.
379:^
360:.
324:de
262:,
258:,
254:,
250:,
246:,
242:,
238:cs
231:,
227:,
223:,
219:cs
212:,
208:cs
201:,
197:,
193:cs
179:de
177:;
175:cs
102:.
70:.
54::
50:,
46::
607:e
600:t
593:v
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456:.
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42:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
