343:) and its heating value varies from about or 10.1 to 11.4 kilowatt-hours per cubic metre (975 to 1,100 Btu/cu ft), depending on the mix of different gases in the gas stream. The volume of natural gas with heating value of one dekatherm is about 910 to 1,026 cubic feet (25.8 to 29.1 m). Noncombustible carbon dioxide (CO
316:, often with the US spelling "deka") and the energy unit therm. There is some ambiguity, as "decatherm" uses the prefix "d" to mean 10, where in metric the prefix "d" means "deci" or one-tenth, and the prefix "da" means "deca", or 10, though decatherm may use a capital "D". The energy content of 1,000
103:
measure volume and not energy content, and given that the energy density varies with the mix of hydrocarbons in the natural gas, a "therm factor" is used by natural gas companies to convert the volume of gas used to its heat equivalent, usually being expressed in units of "therms per CCF" (CCF is an
398:
United
Kingdom regulations were amended to replace therms with joules with effect from 1999, with natural gas usually retailed in the derived unit, kilowatt-hours. Despite this, the wholesale UK gas market trades in therms. In the United States, natural gas is commonly billed in CCFs (hundreds of
382:
company, started to use the unit dekatherm in about 1972. To simplify billing, Texas
Eastern staff members coined the term dekatherm and proposed using calorimeters to measure and bill gas delivered to customers in dekatherms. This would eliminate the constant calculation of rate adjustments to
383:
dollar per 1000 cubic feet rates in order to assure that all customers received the same amount of heat per dollar. A settlement agreement reflecting the new billing procedure and settlement rates was filed in 1973. The
371:) increase its heating value. Since customers who buy natural gas are actually buying heat, gas distribution companies who bill by volume routinely adjust their rates to compensate for this.
97:. However, the BTU is not standardised worldwide, with slightly different values in the EU, UK, and United States, meaning that the energy content of the therm also varies by territory.
503:
387:
issued an order approving the settlement agreement and the new tariff using dekatherms later that year, Other gas distribution companies also began to use this process.
696:
669:
642:
566:
539:
390:
In spite of the need for adjustments, many companies continue to use cubic feet rather than dekatherms to measure and bill natural gas.
375:
325:
94:
711:
475:
460:
35:
661:
Pipeline Rules of Thumb
Handbook: A Manual of Quick, Accurate Solutions to Everyday Pipeline Engineering Problems
729:
420:
384:
49:
431:
425:
411:
burning one therm of natural gas produces on average 5.3 kg (11.7 lb) of carbon dioxide.
379:
692:
686:
665:
659:
638:
562:
556:
535:
529:
490:
128:
of a fuel gas is also sometimes used to quantify the amount of heat per unit volume burnt.
479:
38:
89:. One therm is the energy content of approximately 100 cubic feet (2.83 cubic metres) of
117:
69:
116:
will increase the therm factor and the inclusion of non-flammable impurities, such as
723:
309:
180:
76:
347:) lowers the heating value of natural gas. Heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane (C
712:
epa.gov "Greenhouse Gases
Equivalencies Calculator - Calculations and References"
632:
615:
599:
583:
472:
336:
321:
125:
90:
317:
339:. Natural gas is a mixture of gases containing approximately 80% methane (CH
100:
121:
109:
104:
abbreviation for 100 cubic feet). Higher than average concentration of
86:
20:
604:. International Society of Hydrocarbon Measurement. 1982. p. 394.
332:
113:
105:
45:
313:
168:
59:
42:
408:
308:
British thermal units or 1.055 GJ. It is a combination of the
200:
147:
620:. Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Company. 1986. p. 281.
504:"Gas Utilities Stepping Up Efforts to Add Customers"
185:
The therm (EC) is often used by engineers in the US.
664:. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 297–.
634:Standard and Poor's Smallcap Six Hundred Guide
528:Wayne C. Turner; Steve Doty (8 October 2013).
688:Commercial Energy Auditing Reference Handbook
304:(dth or Dth) is 10 therms, which is 1,000,000
8:
691:. The Fairmont Press, Inc. pp. 134–.
561:. The Fairmont Press, Inc. pp. 567–.
328:is approximately equal to one dekatherm.
491:The Units of Measurement Regulations 1995
531:Energy Management Handbook: 8th Edition
444:
376:Texas Eastern Transmission Corporation
7:
555:Wayne C. Turner; Steve Doty (2007).
14:
426:Conversion of units § Energy
95:standard temperature and pressure
502:Jerry Knight (22 January 1978).
658:E.W. McAllister (2 June 2015).
461:Official Journal L 073, P. 0114
631:Standard & Poor's (1997).
1:
335:is used primarily to measure
534:. Lulu.com. pp. 337–.
746:
558:Energy Management Handbook
324:) natural gas measured at
18:
52:(BTU), and approximately
617:Public Utilities Reports
588:. The Univ. p. 300.
421:Barrel of oil equivalent
385:Federal Power Commission
19:Not to be confused with
399:cubic feet) or therms.
50:British thermal units
124:will reduce it. The
685:Steve Doty (2011).
508:The Washington Post
451:IEEE Std 260.1-2004
432:A Cubic Mile of Oil
326:standard conditions
478:2006-01-25 at the
101:Natural gas meters
698:978-0-88173-648-9
671:978-0-08-094943-7
644:978-0-07-052503-0
568:978-0-88173-543-7
541:978-1-304-52087-6
407:According to the
363:), and butane (C
48:equal to 100,000
737:
714:
709:
703:
702:
682:
676:
675:
655:
649:
648:
628:
622:
621:
612:
606:
605:
596:
590:
589:
579:
573:
572:
552:
546:
545:
525:
519:
518:
516:
514:
499:
493:
488:
482:
473:15 USC Chapter 6
470:
464:
458:
452:
449:
403:Carbon footprint
378:, a natural gas
307:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
265:
262:
261:
257:
254:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
224:
221:
220:
217:
206:
199:
196:
195:
179:
176:
167:
164:
163:
160:
146:
143:
142:
85:
82:
75:
68:
65:
58:
55:
745:
744:
740:
739:
738:
736:
735:
734:
730:Units of energy
720:
719:
718:
717:
710:
706:
699:
684:
683:
679:
672:
657:
656:
652:
645:
637:. McGraw-Hill.
630:
629:
625:
614:
613:
609:
598:
597:
593:
581:
580:
576:
569:
554:
553:
549:
542:
527:
526:
522:
512:
510:
501:
500:
496:
489:
485:
480:Wayback Machine
471:
467:
459:
455:
450:
446:
441:
417:
405:
396:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
305:
294:
282:
278:
275:
272:
270:
263:
259:
255:
252:
250:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
222:
218:
215:
213:
208:
204:
197:
193:
191:
177:
174:
165:
161:
158:
156:
151:
144:
140:
138:
134:
83:
80:
73:
66:
63:
56:
53:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
743:
741:
733:
732:
722:
721:
716:
715:
704:
697:
677:
670:
650:
643:
623:
607:
591:
574:
567:
547:
540:
520:
494:
483:
465:
453:
443:
442:
440:
437:
436:
435:
428:
423:
416:
413:
404:
401:
395:
392:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
293:
290:
289:
288:
287:
286:
247:
246:
245:
226:
202:
188:
187:
186:
183:
171:
149:
133:
130:
118:carbon dioxide
70:kilowatt-hours
16:Unit of energy
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
742:
731:
728:
727:
725:
713:
708:
705:
700:
694:
690:
689:
681:
678:
673:
667:
663:
662:
654:
651:
646:
640:
636:
635:
627:
624:
619:
618:
611:
608:
603:
602:
595:
592:
587:
586:
578:
575:
570:
564:
560:
559:
551:
548:
543:
537:
533:
532:
524:
521:
509:
505:
498:
495:
492:
487:
484:
481:
477:
474:
469:
466:
463:27 March 1972
462:
457:
454:
448:
445:
438:
434:
433:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
412:
410:
402:
400:
393:
391:
388:
386:
381:
377:
372:
355:), propane (C
338:
334:
331:This unit of
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
303:
299:
291:
268:
267:
249:Therm (UK) ≡
248:
227:
211:
210:
209:
190:Therm (US) ≡
189:
184:
182:
172:
170:
154:
153:
152:
137:Therm (EC) ≡
136:
135:
131:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
96:
92:
88:
78:
71:
61:
51:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
29:
22:
707:
687:
680:
660:
653:
633:
626:
616:
610:
600:
594:
584:
582:Its (1977).
577:
557:
550:
530:
523:
511:. Retrieved
507:
497:
486:
468:
456:
447:
430:
406:
397:
389:
374:The company
373:
330:
301:
297:
295:
99:
77:kilocalories
31:
27:
25:
601:Proceedings
337:natural gas
132:Definitions
126:Wobbe Index
91:natural gas
34:) is a non-
439:References
318:cubic feet
60:megajoules
320:(28
302:dekatherm
298:decatherm
292:Decatherm
30:(symbol,
724:Category
585:Bulletin
476:Archived
415:See also
380:pipeline
312:for 10 (
122:nitrogen
87:thermies
72:, 25,200
266:joules
175:29.3072
110:propane
21:thermie
695:
668:
641:
565:
538:
513:1 June
333:energy
310:prefix
306:
283:
271:29.307
264:
242:
230:29.300
225:joules
223:
205:
198:
178:
169:joules
166:
145:
114:butane
106:ethane
84:
74:
67:
57:
46:energy
394:Usage
28:therm
693:ISBN
666:ISBN
639:ISBN
563:ISBN
536:ISBN
515:2016
314:deca
279:9300
258:.257
244:kWh.
238:1111
81:25.2
79:and
64:29.3
43:heat
39:unit
26:The
409:EPA
300:or
285:kWh
276:015
273:107
260:348
256:585
253:505
251:105
235:111
232:111
219:400
216:480
214:105
201:BTU
194:000
192:100
181:kWh
162:000
159:506
157:105
150:ISO
148:BTU
141:000
139:100
120:or
112:or
93:at
54:105
41:of
32:thm
726::
506:.
369:10
296:A
269:≡
228:≈
212:=
207:°F
203:59
173:≈
155:=
108:,
62:,
36:SI
701:.
674:.
647:.
571:.
544:.
517:.
367:H
365:4
361:8
359:H
357:3
353:6
351:H
349:2
345:2
341:4
322:m
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.