Knowledge (XXG)

Thespesia populnea

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The Portia tree reaches a height of 6–10 m (20–33 ft) tall and its trunk can measure up to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) in diameter. It grows at elevations from sea level to 275 m (902 ft) in areas that receive 500–1,600 mm (20–63 in) of annual rainfall. The Portia
552:, deliberately carried and introduced by Austronesian voyagers in the islands they settled. However, it is still considered questionably indigenous to the Pacific islands, including Hawaii, by many other authorities. In Hawaii, it is classified as a native species and is used in 1093:
Oudhia, P., 2007. Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex CorrĂȘa. Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources vĂ©gĂ©tales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen,
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Aluri, Jacob Solomon Raju; Kunuku, Venkata Ramana; Chappidi, Prasada Rao; Kammarchedu, Bhushanam Jeevan Prasad; Samareddy, Sravan Kumar; Tripurana, Suneetha Rani; Manjeti, Santhi Kumari; Mocharla, Divyasree (1 December 2020).
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wood. Usually they venture to Henderson only once per year, but may make up to three trips if the weather is favourable. Pitcairners carve the wood into curios, from which they derive much of their income.
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Dotte-Sarout, Emilie; Kahn, Jennifer G. (November 2017). "Ancient woodlands of Polynesia: A pilot anthracological study on Maupiti Island, French Polynesia".
2434: 1686: 496:. Its exact native distribution has been debated, with most authorities considering it to only be native to the Old World tropics, some others such as 2328: 2020: 2367: 2341: 2108: 2033: 941: 932: 505: 2212: 1031: 2173: 1916: 465: 727: 2479: 986: 2489: 2444: 1324: 2454: 1408:"Restoration of native plant communities in a Hawaiian dry lowland ecosystem dominated by the invasive grass Megathyrsus maximus" 800: 2459: 2354: 2069: 974: 1481:"Toward Cost-Effective Restoration: Scaling up Restoration in Ecosystems Degraded by Nonnative Invasive Grass and Ungulates 1" 46: 2372: 1703: 2113: 750:, its bark is used to treat mouth infections among infants, and its wood is used to make canoes, house parts, and artwork. 2474: 937: 660:
into bowls) because of the range of colours expressed (tan, through yellow, to red). The trees were regarded as sacred in
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Orliac, Catherine (October 2005). "The Rongorongo Tablets from Easter Island: Botanical Identification and 14C Dating".
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Powell, Kelly B.; Ellsworth, Lisa M.; Litton, Creighton M.; Oleson, Kirsten L. L.; Ammondt, Selita A. (1 October 2017).
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Ammondt, Selita A.; Litton, Creighton M.; Ellsworth, Lisa M.; Leary, James K. (8 June 2012). OhlemĂŒller, Ralf (ed.).
997:, Lam. (N.O. Malvaceae), a favourite ornamental tree, thriving best near the sea. The word is a corruption of Tamil 2484: 2380: 2225: 1007: 497: 90: 2152: 1133: 703: 1921: 1580:"Nutrient and Organic Matter Inputs to Hawaiian Anchialine Ponds: Influences of N-Fixing and Non-N-Fixing Trees" 1276: 2469: 2449: 1557: 2385: 2230: 1549: 1378: 2007: 1579: 684: 2012: 1999: 1874: 1994: 1836: 690: 541: 37: 1934: 207: 2346: 2038: 1407: 923: 1309: 901: 1968: 1352: 1223: 739: 530: 694:. Traditionally it was planted in sacred groves and used for religious sculpture throughout eastern 839: 808: 553: 55: 2139: 2439: 2406: 2251: 2217: 1960: 1602: 1458: 1035: 678: 661: 521: 240: 232: 85: 1251: 2087: 2315: 2186: 2126: 1942: 1762: 1741:(L.) Sol. Ex Correa (Malvaceae), a Valuable Evergreen Tree Species for Coastal Ecorestoration" 1502: 1320: 1155: 982: 568: 449: 1578:
Nelson-Kaula, Kehauwealani; Ostertag, Rebecca; Flint Hughes, R; Dudley, Bruce D (July 2016).
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found commonly on coasts around the world. Although it is confirmed to be native only to the
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Taking the High Ground: The archaeology of Rapa, a fortified island in remote East Polynesia
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and carving. Though the plant seeds can survive for months on sea currents, no remains of
406: 228: 128: 1689:. Pacific Linguistics 599. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Australian National University. 2204: 1438: 1356: 878: 2199: 1885: 1633: 819:. The wood from the tree was used by early Tamil people to make instruments in ancient 788: 743: 545: 533: 115: 1682:
The lexicon of Proto Oceanic: The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society
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also including the tropical Americas within its native range. The IUCN only considers
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Ellsworth, Lisa M.; Litton, Creighton M.; Leary, James J. K. (24 August 2015).
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to be introduced and invasive in Florida. It may also be invasive in northern
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Santos, JoĂŁo Paulo Bispo; Fabricante, Juliano Ricardo (30 December 2018).
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including the Pacific Islands in its native range, and others such as the
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of the Portia tree is dark reddish brown to chocolate brown and has a
2051: 1654:. Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London. p. 19. Archived from 827: 782: 706:(slotted wooden drum), used in traditional Tahitian tribal drumming. 699: 649: 614: 602: 513: 477: 469: 453: 434: 154: 1830: 1825: 1680: 1598: 1497: 1480: 1190:. Reforestation, Nurseries & Genetics Resources. Archived from 621:
of 6–7.4). Pollen grains are approximately 70 microns in diameter.
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and growth in island environments. It is known from both coasts of
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tropics, other authorities consider it to have a wider, possibly
1649:"Henderson Island World Heritage Site Management Plan 2004–2009" 1252:"Native Plants Hawaii - Viewing Plant : Thespesia populnea" 823:. It can be used for the cellulose production from the plants . 630: 606: 594: 457: 429:
native distribution. It is thought to be an invasive species in
418: 1973: 1834: 1714:: Museum vor Economische Botanie & Ruygrok. pp. 207–8. 1319:. terra australis. Vol. 37. ANU E Press. pp. 77–95. 1196: 1745:
Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research
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Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex CorrĂȘa — The Plant List
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Brooke, M. de L.; I. Hepburn; R.J. Trevelyan (2004).
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is native to tropical coastlines and is adapted for
376: 2267: 1843: 1338: 1336: 1315:. In Anderson, Atholl; Kennett, Douglas J. (eds.). 373: 1310:"The archaeobotany of Rapan rockshelter deposits" 902:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61788175A61788179.en 795:. The flower of the Portia tree played a part in 540:have been recovered from Polynesia prior to the 560:alongside the definitively native tree species 1679:Pawley, Andrew; Osmond, Meredith (eds). 2008. 1299: 1297: 852:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia 773:cook the leaves into a dish with vegetables. 8: 548:), thus it is regarded by some authors as a 1737:"Pollination Ecology of Indian Tulip Tree, 1518: 1516: 1016:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 601:environments, including soils derived from 529:for the production of cordage and wood for 1831: 1012:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 648:in Polynesian languages. It is popular in 593:tree is able to grow in the wide range of 64: 45: 36: 27: 1756: 1708:De nuttige planten van Nederlandsch-IndiĂ« 1523:Friday, J. B.; Okano, Dana (April 2006). 1496: 1149: 979:The Hobson-Jobson Anglo-Indian dictionary 900: 702:, Milo wood is used in the making of the 1173: 1171: 1169: 942:United States Department of Agriculture 933:Germplasm Resources Information Network 862: 1379:"Bishop Museum - Ethnobotany Database" 1105:"Thespesia populnea - Species Details" 1005: 872: 870: 868: 866: 838:is considered an important species in 1474: 1472: 1401: 1399: 1246: 1244: 1218: 1216: 1063: 1061: 1044:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) 472:), the tropical Pacific coast of the 405:, among other names, is a species of 7: 1554:Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database 1138:Neotropical Biology and Conservation 1127: 1125: 826:In some parts of the world, such as 525:, it was one of the main sources of 2435:IUCN Red List least concern species 1178:Francis, John K. (1 January 2003). 993:In S. India the common name of the 888:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 722:-hulled boats in the 20th century, 1634:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2005.tb00597.x 1277:"Thespesia populnea (portia tree)" 842:projects for coastal dry forests. 14: 1826:Images on Knowledge (XXG) commons 1530:. The Traditional Tree Initiative 2386:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560669-1 2231:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:564713-1 1805:. Ka Ê»Imi NaÊ»auao O HawaiÊ»i Nei. 1424:10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01208.x 1073:Te Māra Reo: The Language Garden 369: 89: 1803:Canoe Plants of Ancient HawaiÊ»i 877:Rivers, M.C.; Mark, J. (2017). 664:, and were commonly planted in 588:viewed under a light microscope 742:, Portia wood is used to make 1: 938:Agricultural Research Service 597:types that may be present in 558:Hawaiian tropical dry forests 1365:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.032 977:. In Crooke, William (ed.). 726:have made regular trips to 670:sites along with trees like 617:; it favours neutral soils ( 1525:"Thespesia populnea (milo)" 1075:. Benton Family Trust. 2023 2506: 1412:Applied Vegetation Science 1228:Plants of the World Online 973:Yule, Henry, Sir. (1903). 556:projects for the degraded 498:Plants of the World Online 18: 16:Species of flowering plant 2480:Flora of Southern America 1819:Database of Indian Plants 1188:Tropical Tree Seed Manual 780:, it is used to make the 363:, commonly known as the 246: 239: 213: 206: 86:Scientific classification 84: 62: 53: 44: 35: 30: 2490:Austronesian agriculture 2445:Plants described in 1807 1558:Bernice P. Bishop Museum 1345:Quaternary International 895:: e.T61788175A61788179. 640:Portia tree is known as 19:Not to be confused with 2455:Flora of temperate Asia 1758:10.2478/trser-2020-0016 1256:nativeplants.hawaii.edu 1151:10.4013/nbc.2018.134.11 1109:Atlas of Florida Plants 981:. London. p. 727. 685:Casuarina equisetifolia 2460:Flora of tropical Asia 1622:Archaeology in Oceania 803:, when it was sold on 791:musical instrument of 718:. Since the advent of 691:Calophyllum inophyllum 589: 542:Austronesian expansion 346:Thespesia macrophylla 306:Hibiscus populneoides 298:Hibiscus populifolius 250:Abelmoschus acuminatus 1383:data.bishopmuseum.org 801:independence movement 583: 322:Malvaviscus populneus 2475:Flora of the Pacific 1784:"Thespesia populnea" 1704:"Thespesia populnea" 1550:"Thespesia populnea" 1184:(L.) Sol. ex CorrĂȘa" 274:Hibiscus bacciferus 1821:. Pandanus Project. 1443:Restoration Ecology 1357:2017QuInt.457....6D 840:habitat restoration 809:Suriya-Mal Movement 554:habitat restoration 314:Hibiscus populneus 253:(Alef.) MĂŒll.Berol 56:Conservation status 2465:Flora of Australia 2269:Hibiscus populneus 1922:Thespesia_populnea 1875:Thespesia populnea 1845:Thespesia populnea 1815:(L.) Sol. Ex Corr" 1813:Thespesia populnea 1739:Thespesia Populnea 1201:on 16 January 2009 1182:Thespesia populnea 1038:Thespesia populnea 995:Thespesia populnea 926:Thespesia populnea 881:Thespesia populnea 815:to aid Sri Lankan 757:they are known as 679:Fagraea berteroana 662:Polynesian culture 590: 522:Hibiscus tiliaceus 446:Thespesia populnea 360:Thespesia populnea 217:Thespesia populnea 2485:Pantropical flora 2422: 2421: 2187:Open Tree of Life 1837:Taxon identifiers 1455:10.1111/rec.12263 1008:cite encyclopedia 1001:, 'Flower-king; . 710:was used for the 637:of 0.55 to 0.89. 569:Cordia subcordata 519:Like the related 450:oceanic dispersal 409:belonging to the 399:Indian tulip tree 356: 355: 350: 342: 334: 326: 318: 310: 302: 294: 290:Hibiscus litoreus 286: 278: 270: 266:Bupariti populnea 262: 258:Azanza acuminata 254: 79: 2497: 2415: 2414: 2402: 2401: 2389: 2388: 2376: 2375: 2363: 2362: 2350: 2349: 2337: 2336: 2324: 2323: 2311: 2310: 2298: 2297: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2260: 2259: 2247: 2246: 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Gaertn. 323: 320: 315: 312: 307: 304: 299: 296: 291: 288: 283: 280: 275: 272: 267: 264: 259: 256: 251: 248: 247: 245: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 220: 218: 212: 209: 208:Binomial name 205: 201: 200: 195: 192: 191: 188: 187: 183: 180: 179: 176: 173: 170: 169: 166: 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 147: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 133: 130: 127: 124: 121: 120: 117: 116:Tracheophytes 114: 111: 108: 107: 104: 101: 98: 97: 92: 87: 83: 77: 72: 71:Least Concern 61: 57: 52: 48: 43: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 2268: 1844: 1818: 1812: 1802: 1751:(3): 35–44. 1748: 1744: 1738: 1729: 1720: 1710:(in Dutch). 1707: 1700:Heyne, Karel 1694: 1685:. Volume 3: 1681: 1675: 1663:. Retrieved 1656:the original 1642: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1590: 1586: 1573: 1561:. Retrieved 1553: 1544: 1532:. Retrieved 1488: 1484: 1446: 1442: 1432: 1418:(1): 29–39. 1415: 1411: 1386:. Retrieved 1382: 1373: 1348: 1344: 1316: 1284:. Retrieved 1281:www.cabi.org 1280: 1271: 1259:. Retrieved 1255: 1231:. Retrieved 1227: 1203:. Retrieved 1192:the original 1187: 1181: 1141: 1137: 1112:. Retrieved 1108: 1099: 1094:Netherlands. 1089: 1077:. Retrieved 1072: 1048:. Retrieved 1043: 1037: 1026: 998: 994: 992: 978: 968: 957: 945:. Retrieved 931: 925: 918: 906:. Retrieved 892: 886: 880: 835: 825: 781: 775: 766: 762: 758: 752: 737: 731: 707: 689: 683: 677: 671: 665: 645: 641: 639: 628: 591: 585: 567: 561: 537: 531:Austronesian 520: 518: 509: 445: 444: 441:Distribution 402: 398: 394: 364: 359: 358: 357: 345: 337: 329: 321: 313: 305: 297: 289: 281: 273: 269:(L.) Rothm. 265: 257: 249: 216: 214: 198: 197: 185: 148: 135: 122: 109: 31:Portia tree 25: 2205:kew-2515863 2135:NatureServe 2047:iNaturalist 1869:Wikispecies 1563:24 November 1534:20 February 1205:20 February 947:17 November 836:T. populnea 793:South India 763:baru pantai 740:New Ireland 730:to harvest 724:Pitcairners 714:tablets of 654:woodworking 586:T. populnea 576:Description 550:canoe plant 538:T. populnea 527:bast fibers 510:T. populnea 486:West Indies 468:(including 460:, northern 456:, tropical 427:pantropical 365:portia tree 333:(L.) Scop. 129:Angiosperms 2429:Categories 2200:Plant List 1050:9 December 1032:USDA, NRCS 858:References 778:South Asia 712:rongorongo 656:(commonly 584:Pollen of 544:(c. 5,000 417:. It is a 2440:Thespesia 2284:Q21874508 2013:200013771 2000:200013771 1767:2344-3219 1507:0030-8870 1160:2236-3777 821:Tamilakam 797:Sri Lanka 759:baru laut 755:Indonesia 720:aluminium 696:Polynesia 631:heartwood 611:limestone 480:south to 462:Australia 423:Old World 415:Malvaceae 301:Salisb. 193:Species: 186:Thespesia 175:Malvaceae 99:Kingdom: 2399:19601869 2394:Tropicos 2360:560669-1 2278:Wikidata 2244:19601200 2239:Tropicos 2140:2.142619 2127:61788175 2088:10197579 2075:564713-1 1854:Wikidata 1702:(1913). 1665:31 March 1607:89149453 1463:85841084 1351:: 6–28. 1308:(2012). 1034:(n.d.). 999:Puarassu 975:"PORTIA" 846:See also 789:Carnatic 771:Ambonese 767:waru lot 504:and the 482:Colombia 474:Americas 413:family, 341:S.Y. Hu 293:J.Presl 241:Synonyms 171:Family: 165:Malvales 142:Eudicots 76:IUCN 3.1 21:toromiro 2373:1133055 2334:3934406 2179:1492185 2026:3152795 1956:Ecocrop 1860:Q715739 1388:27 June 1353:Bibcode 1286:27 June 1261:27 June 1233:27 June 1114:27 June 1079:17 June 908:27 June 807:by the 599:coastal 492:in the 490:Florida 431:Florida 285:Kuntze 181:Genus: 161:Order: 103:Plantae 74: ( 2308:208186 2295:224111 2292:APDB: 2213:PLANTS 2192:854467 2166:198891 1974:584451 1935:210579 1896:224108 1893:APDB: 1883:AoFP: 1799:"Milo" 1765:  1687:Plants 1605:  1505:  1461:  1323:  1158:  1069:"Milo" 985:  828:Hawaii 783:thavil 769:. The 708:MakoÊ»i 704:to'ere 700:Tahiti 658:turned 650:Hawaii 615:basalt 613:, and 603:quartz 514:Brazil 488:, and 484:, the 478:Mexico 470:Hawaii 464:, the 454:Africa 435:Brazil 411:mallow 349:Blume 309:Roxb. 277:Blume 261:Alef. 233:CorrĂȘa 155:Rosids 2347:19072 2321:3LK5G 2218:THPO3 2114:21762 2101:53592 2083:IRMNG 2059:IPA: 2052:82768 2039:36526 1987:TSSPO 1948:56FSM 1909:56345 1712:Bogor 1659:(PDF) 1652:(PDF) 1603:S2CID 1583:(PDF) 1528:(PDF) 1459:S2CID 1313:(PDF) 832:India 813:poppy 748:Tonga 746:. In 698:. In 673:Ficus 667:marae 476:from 401:, or 149:Clade 136:Clade 123:Clade 110:Clade 2381:POWO 2368:ITIS 2355:IPNI 2342:GRIN 2329:GBIF 2303:APNI 2226:POWO 2174:OBIS 2153:3638 2148:NCBI 2122:IUCN 2109:ITIS 2070:IPNI 2062:6525 2034:GRIN 2021:GBIF 1982:EPPO 1961:2075 1930:BOLD 1917:ATRF 1904:APNI 1763:ISSN 1667:2009 1565:2020 1536:2009 1503:ISSN 1390:2022 1321:ISBN 1288:2022 1263:2022 1235:2022 1207:2009 1156:ISSN 1116:2022 1081:2023 1052:2015 1018:link 1014:link 983:ISBN 949:2009 910:2022 893:2017 732:miro 688:and 652:for 646:miro 642:milo 629:The 625:Uses 607:sand 595:soil 566:and 506:USDA 458:Asia 433:and 419:tree 403:milo 229:Sol. 2407:WFO 2316:CoL 2252:WFO 2096:ISC 2008:FoC 1995:FNA 1969:EoL 1943:CoL 1886:346 1753:doi 1630:doi 1595:doi 1493:doi 1451:doi 1420:doi 1361:doi 1349:457 1197:PDF 1146:doi 897:doi 799:'s 776:In 765:or 753:In 738:In 644:or 609:), 393:), 380:ɔːr 317:L. 231:ex 2431:: 2409:: 2396:: 2383:: 2370:: 2357:: 2344:: 2331:: 2318:: 2305:: 2280:: 2254:: 2241:: 2228:: 2215:: 2202:: 2189:: 2176:: 2163:: 2150:: 2137:: 2124:: 2111:: 2098:: 2085:: 2072:: 2049:: 2036:: 2023:: 2010:: 1997:: 1984:: 1971:: 1958:: 1945:: 1932:: 1919:: 1906:: 1871:: 1856:: 1817:. 1801:. 1761:. 1749:22 1747:. 1743:. 1706:. 1626:40 1624:. 1601:. 1591:70 1589:. 1585:. 1556:. 1552:. 1515:^ 1501:. 1489:71 1487:. 1483:. 1471:^ 1457:. 1447:23 1445:. 1441:. 1416:16 1414:. 1410:. 1398:^ 1381:. 1359:. 1347:. 1335:^ 1296:^ 1279:. 1254:. 1243:^ 1226:. 1215:^ 1186:. 1168:^ 1154:. 1142:13 1140:. 1136:. 1124:^ 1107:. 1071:. 1060:^ 1042:. 1010:}} 1006:{{ 991:. 940:, 936:. 930:. 891:. 885:. 865:^ 834:, 787:a 761:, 682:, 676:, 619:pH 572:. 546:BP 516:. 437:. 397:, 227:) 225:L. 151:: 138:: 125:: 112:: 1811:" 1769:. 1755:: 1669:. 1636:. 1632:: 1609:. 1597:: 1567:. 1538:. 1509:. 1495:: 1465:. 1453:: 1426:. 1422:: 1392:. 1367:. 1363:: 1355:: 1329:. 1290:. 1265:. 1237:. 1209:. 1199:) 1195:( 1180:" 1162:. 1148:: 1118:. 1083:. 1054:. 1040:" 1036:" 1020:) 951:. 928:" 924:" 912:. 899:: 883:" 879:" 785:, 605:( 389:/ 386:ə 383:ʃ 377:p 374:ˈ 371:/ 367:( 223:( 78:) 23:.

Index

toromiro


Conservation status
Least Concern
IUCN 3.1
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Plantae
Tracheophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Rosids
Malvales
Malvaceae
Thespesia
Binomial name
L.
Sol.
CorrĂȘa
Synonyms
/ˈpɔːrʃə/
flowering plant
mallow
Malvaceae
tree
Old World
pantropical
Florida
Brazil

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