531:
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133:
289:: unlike with neon lamps, filament lamps, or LEDs, the brightness of the surface appears the same from all angles of view; electroluminescent light is not directional. The light emitted from the surface is perfectly homogeneous and is well-perceived by the eye. EL film produces single-frequency (monochromatic) light that has a very narrow bandwidth, is uniform and visible from a great distance.
36:
266:
674:
transparent hydrogel electrodes sandwiching an insulating elastomer sheet. The elastomer changes luminance and capacitance when stretched, rolled, and otherwise deformed. In addition to its ability to emit light under a strain of greater than 480% of its original size, the group's HLEC was shown to be capable of being integrated into a
542:. They readily provide gentle, even illumination for the entire display while consuming relatively little electric power. This makes them convenient for battery-operated devices such as pagers, wristwatches, and computer-controlled thermostats, and their gentle green-cyan glow is common in the technological world.
634:
company iFire
Technology Corp. TDEL is based on inorganic electroluminescent (IEL) technology that combines both thick-and thin-film processes. The TDEL structure is made with glass or other substrates, consisting of a thick-film dielectric layer and a thin-film phosphor layer sandwiched between two
678:
system. Three six-layer HLEC panels were bound together to form a crawling soft robot, with the top four layers making up the light-up skin and the bottom two the pneumatic actuators. The discovery could lead to significant advances in health care, transportation, electronic communication and other
549:
circuit within the device. This converter often makes a faintly audible whine or siren sound while the backlight is activated. Line-voltage-operated devices may be activated directly from the power line; some electroluminescent nightlights operate in this fashion. Brightness per unit area increases
599:
The display applications are primarily passive (i.e., voltages are driven from the edge of the display cf. driven from a transistor on the display). Similar to LCD trends, there have also been Active Matrix EL (AMEL) displays demonstrated, where the circuitry is added to prolong voltages at each
465:
Electroluminescent automotive instrument panel backlighting, with each gauge pointer also an individual light source, entered production on 1960 Chrysler and
Imperial passenger cars, and was continued successfully on several Chrysler vehicles through 1967 and marketed as "Panelescent Lighting".
673:
Engineers have developed an electroluminescent "skin" that can stretch more than six times its original size while still emitting light. This hyper-elastic light-emitting capacitor (HLEC) can endure more than twice the strain of previously tested stretchable displays. It consists of layers of
281:
Electroluminescent technologies have low power consumption compared to competing lighting technologies, such as neon or fluorescent lamps. This, together with the thinness of the material, has made EL technology valuable to the advertising industry. Relevant advertising applications include
292:
In principle, EL lamps can be made in any color. However, the commonly used greenish color closely matches the peak sensitivity of human vision, producing the greatest apparent light output for the least electrical power input. Unlike neon and fluorescent lamps, EL lamps are not
282:
electroluminescent billboards and signs. EL manufacturers can control precisely which areas of an electroluminescent sheet illuminate, and when. This has given advertisers the ability to create more dynamic advertising that is still compatible with traditional advertising spaces.
600:
pixel. The solid-state nature of TFEL allows for a very rugged and high-resolution display fabricated even on silicon substrates. AMEL displays of 1280×1024 at over 1000 lines per inch (LPI) have been demonstrated by a consortium including Planar
Systems.
482:
at roughly the same time that the
Chrysler instrument panels entered production. These lamps have proven extremely reliable, with some samples known to be still functional after nearly 50 years of continuous operation.
569:
material. Displays using this technology were manufactured for medical and vehicle applications where ruggedness and wide viewing angles were crucial, and liquid crystal displays were not well developed. In 1992,
666:(EL wire), has also made its way into clothing as many designers have brought this technology to the entertainment and nightlife industry. From 2006, t-shirts with an electroluminescent panel stylized as an audio
309:
Electroluminescent devices are fabricated using either organic or inorganic electroluminescent materials. The active materials are generally semiconductors of wide enough bandwidth to allow the exit of the light.
651:. High luminance inorganic blue phosphor is used in combination with specialized color conversion materials, which absorb the blue light and re-emit red or green light, to generate the other colors.
659:
Electroluminescent lighting is now used as an application for public safety identification involving alphanumeric characters on the roof of vehicles for clear visibility from an aerial perspective.
297:
devices so no extra circuitry is needed to regulate the amount of current flowing through them. A new technology now being used is based on multispectral phosphors that emit light from 600 to 400
647:
and better performance than the previous triple pattern process, with increased contrast, grayscale rendition, and color uniformity across the panel. Color By Blue is based on the physics of
257:
It has been recently shown that as a solar cell improves its light-to-electricity efficiency (improved open-circuit voltage), it will also improve its electricity-to-light (EL) efficiency.
581:
Recently, blue-, red-, and green-emitting thin film electroluminescent materials that offer the potential for long life and full-color electroluminescent displays have been developed.
588:
is commonly used as the front (transparent) electrode, while the back electrode is coated with reflective metal. Additionally, other transparent conducting materials, such as
2359:
1224:
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The EL material must be enclosed between two electrodes and at least one electrode must be transparent to allow the escape of the produced light. Glass coated with
206:
Spectrum of a blue/green electroluminescent light source for a clock radio (similar to the one seen in the above image). Peak wavelength is at 492 nm and the
2095:
2306:
635:
sets of electrodes to create a matrix of pixels. Inorganic phosphors within this matrix emit light in the presence of an alternating electric field.
1048:
843:
2279:
545:
EL backlights require relatively high voltage (between 60 and 600 volts). For battery-operated devices, this voltage must be generated by a
2578:
2353:
53:
2427:
1762:
1024:
1008:
833:
Ron
Khormaei, et al., "High-Resolution Active Matrix Electroluminescent Display", Society for Information Display Digest, p. 137, 1994.
530:
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The most typical inorganic thin-film EL (TFEL) is ZnS:Mn with yellow-orange emission. Examples of the range of EL material include:
119:
996:
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100:
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nm depending on the drive frequency; this is similar to the color-changing effect seen with aqua EL sheet but on a larger scale.
72:
2060:
1957:
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1787:
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57:
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The most common electroluminescent (EL) devices are composed of either powder (primarily used in lighting applications) or
79:
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in the US. In these devices, bright, long-life light emission is achieved in thin-film yellow-emitting manganese-doped
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when the capacitor is charged. By making one of the contacts transparent, the large area exposed emits light.
246:) or through excitation by impact of high-energy electrons accelerated by a strong electric field (as with the
183:
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518:, which used a Sylvania electroluminescent display panel as part of its display-keyboard interface (
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720:"Correlation of Electroluminescence with Open-CIrcuit Voltage from Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells"
648:
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in operation (uses 0.08 W at 230 V, and dates from 1960; lit diameter is 59 mm)
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Overview of electroluminescent display technology, and thediscovery of electroluminescence
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Powder phosphor-based electroluminescent panels are frequently used as backlights for
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1999:
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Color By Blue (CBB) was developed in 2003. The Color By Blue process achieves higher
270:
227:
223:
175:
553:
Thin-film phosphor electroluminescence was first commercialized during the 1980s by
438:
has patents dating to 1938 on flat electroluminescent panels that are still made as
140:, both with electroluminescent backlight switched on (top) and switched off (bottom)
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2009:
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234:– light. Prior to recombination, electrons and holes may be separated either by
35:
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434:, is a term used since at least 1961 to describe electroluminescent panels.
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Chrysler
Corporation press release introducing Panelescent (EL) Lighting on
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966:"Super elastic electroluminescent 'skin' will soon create mood robots"
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first introduced cars with EL panel lighting in its 1960 model year.
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panels manufactured by the
Electronic Tube Division of Sylvania at
159:, in which a material emits light in response to the passage of an
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1399:
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790:
Revolution in lamps: a chronicle of 50 years of progress, 2nd ed.
2211:
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519:
478:, produced and marketed an EL night light, under the trade name
2077:
1037:
534:
A Casio digital LCD watch with an electroluminescent backlight
486:
Later in the 1960s, Sylvania's
Electronic Systems Division in
29:
777:
Proceedings of the
National Electronics Conference, Volume 17
814:
Standard
Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition
1033:
887:"iFire: Sparking a New Revolution in Flat Panel Technology"
904:
886:
779:, National Engineering Conference, Inc., 1961; page 328
490:
developed and manufactured several instruments for the
242:(in semiconductor electroluminescent devices such as
753:"Terbium Oxide Used as Electroluminescent Materials"
670:, the T-Qualizer, saw a brief period of popularity.
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Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
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Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
18:
Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent technology
2653:Comparison of CRT, LCD, plasma, and OLED displays
230:. The excited electrons release their energy as
210:spectral bandwidth is quite wide at about 85 nm.
273:instrument panel with "Panelescent Lighting".
2089:
1049:
8:
474:The Sylvania Lighting Division in Salem and
2307:Surface-conduction electron-emitter display
2218:Active-Matrix Organic light-emitting diode
2117:
2096:
2082:
2074:
1157:
1056:
1042:
1034:
844:"Active Matrix Electroluminescence (AMEL)"
808:
806:
446:displays. Electroluminescent panels are a
735:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
927:"Fashion Geek: Clothes Accessories Tech"
662:Electroluminescent lighting, especially
609:Thick-film dielectric electroluminescent
305:Examples of electroluminescent materials
710:
550:with increased voltage and frequency.
214:Electroluminescence is the result of
7:
2354:Ferroelectric liquid crystal display
964:Cornell University (March 3, 2016).
596:can be used as the front electrode.
194:), or organic electroluminescence.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2428:Light-emitting electrochemical cell
812:Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne Beaty,
2627:Large-screen television technology
357:III and Group V elements, such as
335:Thin-film zinc sulfide doped with
25:
2301:Organic light-emitting transistor
792:, The Fairmont Press, Inc., 2001
27:Optical and electrical phenomenon
2664:Comparison of display technology
867:Akkad, Omar El (17 March 2006).
454:between the outside plates is a
34:
2295:Electroluminescent Quantum Dots
1573:Parabolic aluminized reflector
816:, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1978,
718:Raguse, John (April 15, 2015).
190:), or other mechanical action (
45:needs additional citations for
2366:Laser-powered phosphor display
1518:Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide
941:"T-Qualizer: The beat goes on"
561:(Oy Lohja Ab) in Finland, and
411:Light-emitting capacitor (LEC)
388:, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine
328:(producing greenish light) or
1:
2632:Optimum HDTV viewing distance
2622:History of display technology
2510:Computer-generated holography
332:(producing bright blue light)
2212:Organic light-emitting diode
2206:Light-emitting diode display
737:10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2417761
578:EL display on some watches.
407:(for information displays.)
346:, which includes a trace of
339:(producing orange-red color)
1763:Automotive light bulb types
1613:Intelligent street lighting
869:"The next big (flat) thing"
252:electroluminescent displays
2719:
2422:Vacuum fluorescent display
2146:Electroluminescent display
1526:Hydrargyrum quartz iodide
788:Raymond Kane, Heinz Sell,
500:electroluminescent display
353:Semiconductors containing
285:An EL film is a so-called
182:), reactions in a liquid (
2661:
2269:Liquid crystal on silicon
1965:Stage lighting instrument
399:Practical implementations
226:in a material, usually a
2683:Condensed matter physics
2460:Fourteen-segment display
2263:Digital Light Processing
2026:Battlefield illumination
1783:high-intensity discharge
1215:Electrochemiluminescence
724:Journal of Photovoltaics
516:Apollo Guidance Computer
428:Light-emitting capacitor
184:electrochemiluminescence
167:. This is distinct from
2466:Sixteen-segment display
2152:Rear-projection display
1886:Electroluminescent wire
664:electroluminescent wire
540:liquid crystal displays
363:gallium arsenide (GaAs)
238:the material to form a
216:radiative recombination
178:), chemical reactions (
2313:Field-emission display
2228:Liquid-crystal display
1568:Multifaceted reflector
535:
512:Sudbury, Massachusetts
504:Emporium, Pennsylvania
488:Needham, Massachusetts
476:Danvers, Massachusetts
424:
419:An electroluminescent
378:organic semiconductors
359:indium phosphide (InP)
350:that acts as a dopant.
278:
211:
141:
138:liquid crystal display
2450:Eight-segment display
2444:Seven-segment display
1958:ellipsoidal reflector
1563:Ellipsoidal reflector
1247:Fluorescent induction
1225:field-induced polymer
689:List of light sources
533:
418:
371:Light-emitting diodes
367:gallium nitride (GaN)
268:
244:light-emitting diodes
205:
174:resulting from heat (
157:electrical phenomenon
135:
69:"Electroluminescence"
2688:Electrical phenomena
2572:Display capabilities
2455:Nine-segment display
2157:Plasma display panel
1795:Rear position lights
1768:Daytime running lamp
1696:Mechanically powered
1583:Aviation obstruction
699:Photoelectric effect
526:Display backlighting
394:(yellow-green light)
54:improve this article
2601:See-through display
2505:Holographic display
2183:Quantum dot display
1203:Electron-stimulated
492:Apollo Lunar Module
442:and backlights for
295:negative resistance
287:Lambertian radiator
192:mechanoluminescence
145:Electroluminescence
2643:Color Light Output
2637:High Dynamic Range
2439:Dot-matrix display
2434:Lightguide display
2105:Display technology
2046:Luminous gemstones
1220:Electroluminescent
1198:Cathodoluminescent
1027:2006-11-12 at the
1022:8 September, 1959.
1011:2006-11-12 at the
999:2012-04-30 at the
873:The Globe and Mail
757:Stanford Materials
536:
425:
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212:
142:
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2596:Always-on display
2387:Electromechanical
2375:
2374:
2071:
2070:
1588:Balanced-arm lamp
1544:
1543:
1428:Yablochkov candle
1296:Acetylene/Carbide
1266:Radioluminescence
1138:Luminous efficacy
1084:Color temperature
649:photoluminescence
555:Sharp Corporation
514:manufactured the
180:chemiluminescence
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2710:
2648:Flexible display
2610:Related articles
2490:Autostereoscopic
2189:Electronic paper
2135:Cathode-ray tube
2118:
2098:
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2084:
2075:
1871:Christmas lights
1805:Safety reflector
1800:Reversing lights
1735:Navigation light
1686:Bicycle lighting
1576:
1529:
1521:
1495:
1254:Photoluminescent
1237:Fluorescent lamp
1210:Chemiluminescent
1158:
1126:Bi-pin lamp base
1121:Lightbulb socket
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907:. Federal Signal
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849:. Archived from
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800:, pages 122–124
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730:(4): 1175–1178.
715:
655:New applications
586:indium tin oxide
444:instrument panel
436:General Electric
300:
188:sonoluminescence
161:electric current
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2543:Movie projector
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2031:Bioluminescence
2014:
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1598:Emergency light
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1375:Magnesium torch
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1104:Light pollution
1079:Accent lighting
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1029:Wayback Machine
1013:Wayback Machine
1001:Wayback Machine
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590:carbon nanotube
574:introduced its
547:boost converter
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458:that gives off
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342:Naturally blue
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261:Characteristics
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163:or to a strong
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939:Jain, Bupesh.
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165:electric field
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639:Color By Blue
638:
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392:Terbium oxide
390:
380:, such as (PF
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271:Dodge Charger
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228:semiconductor
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176:incandescence
173:
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78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2703:Luminescence
2558:Transparency
2531:Static media
2485:Stereoscopic
1906:Strobe light
1901:Plasma globe
1876:Crackle tube
1866:Bubble light
1827:trafficators
1822:Turn signals
1648:Street light
1603:Gas lighting
1536:Sodium vapor
1508:Metal-halide
1410:Electric arc
1219:
1162:Incandescent
1131:Edison screw
973:. Retrieved
969:
959:
948:. Retrieved
944:
934:
921:
909:. Retrieved
899:
890:
881:
872:
862:
851:the original
838:
829:
813:
789:
784:
776:
772:
760:. Retrieved
756:
746:
727:
723:
713:
676:soft robotic
672:
661:
658:
642:
615:
611:
608:
607:
598:
592:coatings or
583:
580:
567:zinc sulfide
552:
544:
537:
485:
479:
473:
470:Night lights
464:
440:night lights
431:
427:
426:
402:
319:zinc sulfide
312:
308:
291:
284:
280:
256:
240:p-n junction
213:
148:
144:
143:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2522:Fog display
2495:Multiscopic
2412:Fiber-optic
2324:Quantum dot
2051:Signal lamp
2005:Stroboscope
1881:DJ lighting
1817:Stop lights
1788:sealed beam
1740:Searchlight
1480:Xenon flash
1423:Klieg light
1271:Solid-state
1232:Fluorescent
1190:Luminescent
925:Diana Eng.
480:Panelescent
136:Views of a
2677:Categories
2563:Laser beam
2517:Volumetric
2477:3D display
2417:Nixie tube
2397:Split-flap
2282:generation
2256:Blue Phase
2176:generation
2123:generation
1995:Grow light
1990:Germicidal
1980:Scientific
1977:Industrial
1933:Floodlight
1919:Theatrical
1861:Blacklight
1856:Aroma lamp
1845:Decorative
1755:Automotive
1745:Solar lamp
1708:Glow stick
1691:Flashlight
1623:Nightlight
1618:Light tube
1593:Chandelier
1550:Stationary
1492:discharge
1418:Carbon arc
1288:Combustion
1154:generation
1152:Methods of
950:2022-12-08
798:0881733784
705:References
628:technology
624:flat panel
612:technology
557:in Japan,
452:dielectric
450:where the
421:nightlight
405:thin films
186:), sound (
169:black body
110:April 2014
80:newspapers
2617:Scan line
2591:DisplayID
2548:Neon sign
2538:Monoscope
2380:Non-video
2141:Jumbotron
2061:Reflected
2041:Light art
1953:Spotlight
1938:Footlight
1923:Cinematic
1891:Lava lamp
1653:in the US
1558:Reflector
1475:Xenon arc
1456:Neon lamp
1385:Rushlight
1365:Limelight
1114:Hong Kong
668:equalizer
645:luminance
448:capacitor
337:manganese
317:Powdered
248:phosphors
220:electrons
198:Mechanism
2698:Lighting
2500:Hologram
2407:Eggcrate
2392:Flip-dot
2338:display
2319:Laser TV
2290:microLED
2220:(AMOLED)
2174:Current
2130:Eidophor
1773:Headlamp
1713:Headlamp
1701:Tactical
1679:Portable
1660:Torchère
1341:Petromax
1336:Kerosene
1306:Campfire
1276:LED lamp
1072:Concepts
1065:Lighting
1025:Archived
1009:Archived
997:Archived
975:March 4,
911:July 23,
905:"air-el"
824:pp 22-28
683:See also
632:Canadian
626:display
620:phosphor
508:Raytheon
456:phosphor
376:Certain
275:Chrysler
151:) is an
2584:CEA-861
2214:(OLED)
2199:Gyricon
2056:Sources
2010:Tanning
1896:Marquee
1841:Display
1725:Lantern
1718:outdoor
1670:Troffer
1513:ceramic
1370:Luchina
1348:Lantern
1241:compact
1239: (
1175:Halogen
1170:Regular
929:. 2009.
679:areas.
622:-based
618:) is a
576:Indiglo
460:photons
344:diamond
232:photons
153:optical
94:scholar
2468:(SISD)
2362:(TDEL)
2356:(FLCD)
2303:(OLET)
2271:(LCoS)
2230:(LCD)
2208:(LED)
2185:(QLED)
2159:(PDP)
1778:hidden
1643:Sconce
1468:Sulfur
1463:Plasma
1395:Tilley
1390:Safety
1353:Fanous
1316:Carcel
1311:Candle
1301:Argand
1180:Nernst
1109:Hawaii
820:
796:
762:Sep 3,
559:Finlux
498:using
365:, and
330:silver
326:copper
299:
236:doping
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2639:(HDR)
2462:(FSD)
2446:(SSD)
2430:(LEC)
2424:(VFD)
2368:(LPD)
2315:(FED)
2309:(SED)
2280:Next
2265:(DLP)
2194:E Ink
2148:(ELD)
2137:(CRT)
2036:Laser
1948:Scoop
1575:(PAR)
1528:(HQI)
1520:(HMI)
1494:(HID)
1400:Torch
1358:Paper
1326:Flare
1094:Glare
854:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
594:PEDOT
572:Timex
430:, or
355:Group
348:boron
324:with
322:doped
269:1966
224:holes
101:JSTOR
87:books
2579:EDID
2401:Vane
2347:TMOS
2342:IMoD
2336:MEMS
2163:ALiS
2121:Past
1943:Gobo
1451:Neon
1321:Diya
977:2016
945:CNET
913:2016
818:ISBN
794:ISBN
764:2024
694:OLED
616:TDEL
520:DSKY
494:and
222:and
208:FWHM
155:and
73:news
2251:LED
2244:IPS
2234:TFT
1380:Oil
1331:Gas
732:doi
522:).
510:in
432:LEC
254:).
250:in
218:of
56:by
2679::
2239:TN
968:.
943:.
889:.
871:.
805:^
755:.
726:.
722:.
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