1814:
2375:, which is condemned as "repugnant to the plain words of Scripture". Instead, the articles declare that there is no change in the substance of the bread and wine. Rather, participants are fed the body of Christ by the Holy Spirit and through faith. The articles declare that "The offering of Christ once made is the perfect redemption, propitiation, and satisfaction for all the sins of the whole world". This was meant as a repudiation of the idea that the Mass was a sacrifice in which Christ was offered for the forgiveness of sins for the living and the dead in purgatory, and
42:
2528:). The only doctrinal documents agreed upon in the Anglican Communion are the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed of AD 325, and the Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral. Beside these documents, authorised liturgical formularies, such as Prayer Book and Ordinal, are normative. The several provincial editions of Prayer Books (and authorised alternative liturgies) are, however, not identical, although they share a greater or smaller amount of family resemblance. No specific edition of the Prayer Book is therefore binding for the entire Communion.
582:
2517:, which incorporates Articles VI, VIII, XXV, and XXXVI in its broad articulation of fundamental Anglican identity. In other circumstances they delineate the parameters of acceptable belief and practice in proscriptive fashion. The Articles continue to be invoked today in the Anglican Church. For example, in the ongoing debate over homosexual activity and the concomitant controversies over episcopal authority, Articles VI, XX, XXIII, XXVI, and XXXIV are regularly cited by those of various opinions.
3185:. The article on the Eucharist defines the real presence in these terms: "First, that in the most blessed Sacrament of the Altar, by the strength and efficacy of Christ's mighty word, it being spoken by the priest, is present really, under the form of bread and wine, the natural body and blood of Our Saviour Jesu Christ, conceived of the Virgin Mary, and that after the consecration there remaineth no substance of bread and wine, nor any other substance but the substance of Christ, God and man".
1677:
2430:
3005:, pp. 257–258: "Most notoriously, took it upon himself to improve the wording of both the Ten Commandments and the Lord’s Prayer. He wanted the final petition of the latter to read 'and suffer us not to be led into temptation' (rather than 'lead us not into temptation'). And he amended the First Commandment ('Thou shalt have none other gods but me') to read 'Thou shalt not have nor repute any other God, or gods, but me Jesu Christ.'"
1902:. Denial of any of the other articles was punished by hanging or life imprisonment. Married priests had until 12 July to put away their wives, which was likely a concession granted to give Archbishop Cranmer time to move his wife and children outside of England. After the act's passage, bishops Latimer and Shaxton, outspoken opponents of the measure, were forced to resign their dioceses. The Act of Six Articles was repealed by the
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2306:. They state that the church, under Scripture, has authority over matters of faith and order. General councils of the church can only be called with the permission of the civil authority. It is possible for church councils to reach the wrong decisions, so they should only be followed if their actions align with Scripture.
2370:
is "most agreeable with the institution of Christ" and should continue to be practised in the church. In the Lord's Supper, participants become partakers of the body and blood of Christ and receive the spiritual benefits of Christ's death on the cross. According to the articles, this partaking should
2328:
is disapproved of in favour of the vernacular. The articles state that no person should preach publicly or administer the sacraments unless they are called and authorised by legitimate church authority. This was meant to counter the radical
Protestant belief that a Christian could preach and act as a
1964:
also endorsed traditional views of the mass, transubstantiation, confession, and Church ceremonies. The traditional seven sacraments were all included without any distinction in importance made between them. It was taught that the second commandment did not forbid images but only "godly honour" being
2580:
prefixed a royal declaration to the articles, which demands a literal interpretation of them, threatening discipline for academics or churchmen teaching any personal interpretations or encouraging debate about them. It states: "no man hereafter shall either print or preach, to draw the
Article aside
2343:
are signs of divine grace which God works invisibly but effectively in people's lives. Through sacraments, God creates and strengthens the faith of believers. The radical
Protestant belief that sacraments are only outward signs of a person's faith is denied by the articles. While the Catholic Church
1370:
In the end, the missing sacraments were restored but placed in a separate section to emphasize "a difference in dignity and necessity." Only baptism, the
Eucharist and penance were "instituted of Christ, to be as certain instruments or remedies necessary for our salvation". Confirmation was declared
1972:
moved away from traditional teaching was on prayer for the dead and purgatory. It taught that no one could know whether prayers or masses for the dead benefited an individual soul, and it was better to offer prayers for "the universal congregation of
Christian people, quick and dead". People were
2625:
Some of them are the very same that are contained in the Creed; some others of them are practical truths, which come not within the proper list of points or articles to be believed; lastly, some of them are pious opinions or inferior truths, which are proposed by the Church of
England to all her
1889:
Over the next month, these questions were argued in
Parliament and Convocation with the active participation of the King. The final product was an affirmation of traditional teachings on all but the sixth question. Communion in one kind, compulsory clerical celibacy, vows of chastity and votive
2512:
The influence of the
Articles on Anglican thought, doctrine and practice has been profound. Although Article VIII itself states that the three Catholic creeds are a sufficient statement of faith, the Articles have often been perceived as the nearest thing to a supplementary confession of faith
2038:
which were drafted by
Cranmer and a small group of fellow Protestants. The title page claimed that the articles were approved by Convocation when in reality they were never discussed or adopted by the clerical body. They were also never approved by Parliament. The articles were issued by Royal
2093:
The Thirty-nine
Articles were intended to establish, in basic terms, the faith and practice of the Church of England. While not designed to be a creed or complete statement of the Christian faith, the articles explain the doctrinal position of the Church of England in relation to Catholicism,
1734:
Meanwhile, England was in religious turmoil. Impatient Protestants took it upon themselves to further reform – some priests said mass in English rather than Latin and married without authorisation (Archbishop Cranmer was himself secretly married). Protestants themselves were divided between
4610:
1009:", while the last five articles dealt with "laudable ceremonies used in the Church". This division reflects how the Articles originated from two different discussions earlier in the year. The first five articles were based on the Wittenberg Articles negotiated between English ambassadors
2496:
was agreeable to Scripture and that they would not preach in contradiction to it. Since 1975, clergy are required to acknowledge the Articles as one of the historic formularies of the Church of England that bear witness to the faith revealed in Scripture and contained in the creeds. The
1973:
encouraged to "abstain from the name of purgatory, and no more dispute or reason thereof". Presumably, the hostility towards purgatory derived from its connection to papal authority. The King's own behavior sent mixed signals. In 1540, he allowed offerings for the souls of deceased
2609:
and would unreservedly agree with Dean Litton's assessment that (quoted by Dean Paul Zahl, in his work 'The Protestant Face of Anglicanism'), 'The Anglican Church, if she is to be judged by the statements of the Articles, must be ranked among the Protestant Churches of Europe.'
2073:
in 1570. That act destroyed any hope of reconciliation with Rome and it was no longer necessary to fear that Article 29 would offend Catholic sensibilities. The Articles, increased to Thirty-nine, were ratified by the Queen, and the bishops and clergy were required to assent.
1890:
masses were a legitimate form. Protestants achieved a minor victory on auricular confession, which was declared "expedient and necessary to be retained" but not required by divine law. In addition, although the real presence was affirmed in traditional terminology, the word
520:
in 1552. It was in this document that Calvinist thought reached the zenith of its influence in the English Church. These articles were never put into action, owing to Edward VI's death and the reversion of the English Church to Catholicism under Henry VIII's elder daughter,
1150:, which had been a central concern of medieval religion, was placed in the non-essential articles. On the question of its existence, the Ten Articles were ambiguous. They stated, "the place where be, the name thereof, and kind of pains there" was "uncertain by scripture".
2513:
possessed by the Anglican tradition. In Anglican discourse, the Articles are regularly cited and interpreted to clarify doctrine and practice. Sometimes they are used to prescribe support of Anglican comprehensiveness. An important concrete manifestation of this is the
1960:) it was only faith that justified. However, Henry would not be persuaded, and the text was amended to read that faith justified "neither only nor alone". It also stated that each person had free will to be "a worker ... in the attaining of his own justification". The
2592:
The Thirty-Nine Articles define the biblically derived summations of precise Christian doctrine. The Thirty-Nine Articles are more than minimally assented to; they are believed wholeheartedly. In earlier times English and Irish evangelicals would have read Cranmer,
1897:
The Act of Six Articles became law in June 1539, which, unlike the Ten Articles, gave the Six Articles statutory authority. Harsh penalties were attached to violations of the Articles. Denial of transubstantiation was punished by burning without an opportunity to
496:
The articles went through at least five major revisions prior to their finalisation in 1571. The first attempt was the Ten Articles in 1536, which showed some slightly Protestant leanings – the result of an English desire for a political alliance with the German
2025:
and the creation of a concise doctrinal statement, which would become the Forty-two Articles. Work on a doctrinal statement was delayed by Cranmer's efforts to forge a doctrinal consensus among the various Protestant churches to counter the work of the Catholic
2033:
In late 1552 the first edition of the confession was produced in the form of the Forty-Five Articles that Cranmer submitted for comment and revision, and which were approved by Parliament in June of 1553 by which time their number had been reduced to the
2569:(Latin: middle path or middle way) between the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church on the one hand, and those of the Lutheran and Reformed churches on the other hand, thus giving the Church of England a unique middle-of-the-road position. The
3112:, p. 273: The committee was headed by Cromwell, the vicegerent, and the bishops included Cranmer and his Protestant allies – Latimer, Goodrich, Salcot – and their traditionalist counterparts Lee, Tunstall, Clerk and Robert Aldrich of Carlisle.
2356:. The five rites called sacraments by Catholics are identified in the articles as either corrupted imitations of the Apostles (confirmation, penance and extreme unction) or as "states of life allowed in the Scriptures" (holy orders and marriage).
488:
in 1570. These positions began with the Ten Articles in 1536, and concluded with the finalisation of the Thirty-nine articles in 1571. The Thirty-nine articles ultimately served to define the doctrine of the Church of England as it related to
2491:
In the Church of England, only clergy (and until the 19th century members of Oxford and Cambridge Universities) are required to subscribe to the Articles. Starting in 1865, clergy affirmed that the doctrine contained in the Articles and the
4539:
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in 1595. These did not replace the Thirty-nine Articles but were meant to officially align Article 17 to Calvinist theology. The Queen was unwilling to alter her religious settlement and refused to assent to these new articles.
1731:) allowed by the English Church. Stokesley considered these customs to be essential because the Greek Church practised them. As the King was unwilling to break with these practices, the Germans had all left England by 1 October.
997:
in July 1536 as the English Church's first post-papal doctrinal statement. The Ten Articles were crafted as a rushed interim compromise between conservatives and reformers. Historians have variously described it as a victory for
2060:
to revise the articles. Convocation passed only 39 of the 42, and Elizabeth reduced the number to 38 by throwing out Article 29 to avoid offending her subjects with Catholic leanings. In 1571, despite the opposition of Bishop
2638:
of the 19th century. The stipulations of Articles XXV and XXVIII were regularly invoked by evangelicals to oppose the reintroduction of certain beliefs, customs, and acts of piety with respect to the sacraments. In response,
1119:, stating that "under the form and figure of bread and wine ... is verily, substantially and really contained the very self-same body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ". This definition was acceptable to those who held to
1659:
In August 1537, it was presented to the King who ordered that parts should be read from the pulpit every Sunday and feast day. Nevertheless, the King was not entirely satisfied and took it upon himself to make a revised
483:
in continental Europe. A series of defining documents were written and replaced over a period of thirty years as the doctrinal and political situation changed from the excommunication of Henry VIII in 1533, to the
2055:
and the reunion of the Church of England with the Catholic Church, the articles were never enforced. However, after Mary's death, they became the basis of the Thirty-nine Articles. In 1563, Convocation met under
1925:, which Henry VIII had never liked. The committee's membership included both traditionalists and reformers, but the former held the majority. Convocation began discussing the revised text in April 1543. The
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any way, but shall submit to it in the plain and Full meaning thereof: and shall not put his own sense or comment to be the meaning of the Article, but shall take it in the literal and grammatical sense."
1339:
preserved the semi-Lutheranism of the Ten Articles, and the articles on justification, purgatory, and the sacraments of baptism, the Eucharist and penance were incorporated unchanged into the new book.
2573:
was expressed so adroitly in the Articles that some Anglican scholars have labelled their content as an early example of the idea that the doctrine of Anglicanism is one of "Reformed Catholicism".
2417:
and declares that Christians may serve in the military. It rejects the Anabaptist teaching that the property of Christians should be held in common, but it does explain that Christians should give
4922:
2039:
Mandate on 19 June 1553. All clergy, schoolmasters and members of the universities were required to subscribe to them. The theology of the articles has been described by some as a "restrained"
528:
Finally, upon the coronation of Elizabeth I and the re-establishment of the Church of England as separate from the Catholic Church, the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion were initiated by the
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and others were not won over by these Protestant arguments and did everything they could to avoid agreement. They were willing to separate from Rome, but their plan was to unite with the
3041:, pp. 215–216: The English delegation included Cranmer, as chairman, and Nicholas Heath for the Protestant side. The conservatives included Bishops Sampson and Stokesley along with
1430:
adopted the Jewish tradition of separating these commandments. While allowing images of Christ and the saints, the exposition on the second commandment taught against representations of
549:. Although not the end of the struggle between Catholic and Protestant monarchs and citizens, the book helped to standardise the English language, and was to have a lasting effect on
1434:
and criticised those who "be more ready with their substance to deck dead images gorgeously and gloriously, than with the same to help poor Christian people, the quick and lively
981:'s break with Rome inaugurated a period of doctrinal confusion and controversy as both conservative and reforming clergy attempted to shape the church's direction, the former as "
684:
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by the monarch (himself), rather than the pope. At this point, he needed to determine what its doctrines and practices would be in relation to the Church of Rome and the new
1270:
It is a good and charitable deed to pray for the dead. However, the doctrine of purgatory is biblically uncertain. Abuses related to purgatory, such as the claim that papal
4462:
Kirby, Torrance (2009). "The Articles of Religion of the Church of England (1563/71), commonly called the Thirty-Nine Articles.". In Mühling, Andreas; Opitz, Peter (eds.).
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1758:
noted that the committee had not agreed on anything and proposed that the Lords examine six controversial doctrinal questions that became the basis of the Six Articles:
1363:
only acknowledged baptism and the Eucharist. The others divided along party lines. The conservatives were at a disadvantage because they found it necessary to appeal to
1754:
that the King desired religious uniformity. A committee of four conservative and four reformist bishops was appointed to examine and determine doctrine. On 16 May, the
2393:. It states that traditions and ceremonies in the church may vary by time and place; national churches can alter or abolish traditions created by human authority. The
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of the Church has claimed to take the Articles at face value, and to regard them as of utmost importance. In 2003, evangelical Anglican clergyman Chris Pierce wrote:
1719:
and not with the Protestants on the continent. The bishops also refused to eliminate what the Germans considered abuses (e.g. private masses for the dead, compulsory
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4641:
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2234:, so that no one can be required to believe any doctrine that cannot be proved on the basis of biblical teaching. The articles acknowledge the authority of the
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is not part of Scripture. While not a basis of doctrine, the Apocrypha continues to be read by the church for moral instruction and examples for holy living.
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is, however, free to adopt and authorise its own official documents, and the Articles are not officially normative in all Anglican Churches (neither is the
1664:, which, among other proposed changes, weakened the original's emphasis on justification by faith. This revised version was never published. Because the
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was totally rejected. Cranmer tried to save the doctrine by arguing that while true faith was accompanied by good works (in other words, faith was not
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During the reign of Elizabeth I, a "Calvinist consensus" developed within the church regarding the doctrines of salvation. Article 17 only endorsed
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to be spent on works of charity instead of masses. At the same time, however, he required the new cathedral foundations to pray for the soul of
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2563:, the articles are a revealing window into the ethos and character of Anglicanism, in particular in the way the document works to navigate a
1688:. In May 1538, three Lutheran theologians from Germany – Franz Burchard, vice-chancellor of Saxony; Georg von Boineburg, doctor of law; and
925:
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2280:). They also reject the radical Protestant teaching that a person could be free from sin in this life. The articles address the doctrine of
1933:
to use its formal title, was more traditional than the 1537 version and incorporated many of the King's own revisions. It was approved by a
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would follow, not precede, justification. However, the Lutheran influence was diluted with qualifications. Justification was attained "by
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Images can be used as representations of virtue and good example and also to remind people of their sins but are not objects of worship.
994:
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Hall, Basil (1993b). "Cranmer, the Eucharist and the Foreign Divines in the Reign of Edward VI". In Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David (eds.).
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was never authorised by the Crown or Convocation, the Ten Articles remained the official doctrinal standard of the Church of England.
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The Articles also defended the use of a number of Catholic rituals and practices opposed by Protestants, such as kissing the cross on
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are said to contain correct doctrine and should be read in church. The articles also defend the ordination rites contained in the
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establishment reformers who held Lutheran beliefs upholding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist and radicals who held
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2065:, Article 29 was re-inserted, declaring that the wicked do not eat the Body of Christ. This was done following the queen's
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The Germans presented, as a basis of agreement, a number of articles based on the Lutheran Confession of Augsburg. Bishops
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of bishops and high-ranking clergy for further theological discussion in February 1537. This synod produced a book called
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made adherence to the Articles a requirement for holding civil office in England until its repeal in 1828. Students at
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given to them. Looking at images of Christ and the saints "provoked, kindled and stirred to yield thanks to Our Lord".
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Redworth, Glyn (2011). "A Study in the Formulation of Policy: The Genesis and Evolution of the Act of Six Articles".
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However, what the Articles truly mean has been a matter of debate in the Church since before they were issued. The
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princes. The next revision was the Six Articles in 1539 which swung away from all reformed positions, and then the
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of Jesus Christ. This is a departure from other doctrinal statements of the 16th and 17th centuries such as the
456:), as well as by denominations outside of the Anglican Communion that identify with the Anglican tradition (see
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4301:"A Look across the Pond - A brief analysis of the status of the evangelical Anglicanism in the US and Canada"
2030:. When this proved impossible, Cranmer turned his attention to defining what the Church of England believed.
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The first five articles dealt with doctrines that were "commanded expressly by God, and are necessary to our
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Marshall, Peter (2017b). "Settlement Patterns: The Church of England, 1553–1603". In Milton, Anthony (ed.).
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The Book of Common Prayer: 1662 Version (includes Appendices from the 1549 Version and Other Commemorations)
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was even more explicitly Protestant. To make the English Church fully Protestant, Cranmer also envisioned a
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Fearful of diplomatic isolation and a Catholic alliance, Henry VIII continued his outreach to the Lutheran
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A Commentary on the Thirty-nine Articles: Forming an Introduction to the Theology of the Church of England
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993:. In an attempt "to establish Christian quietness and unity", the Ten Articles were adopted by clerical
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2543:, adapted the Thirty-nine Articles for use by American Methodists in the 18th century. The resulting
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2007:, in 1547. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a stronger Protestant identity. The
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2413:. It rejects all claims to the Pope's jurisdiction in England. It defends the state's right to use
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officially replaced the Ten Articles as the official doctrinal statement of the Church of England.
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sons, as not to be opposed; not as essentials of Faith necessary to be believed by all Christians
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When the synod met, conservatives were still angry that four of the traditional seven sacraments (
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An Act for abolishing of Diversity of Opinions of certain Articles concerning Christian Religion.
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1131:. More controversially for the reformers, the Articles maintained penance as a sacrament and the
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1108:". In other words, good works were "necessarily required to the attaining of everlasting life".
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434:), finalised in 1571, are the historically defining statements of doctrines and practices of the
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A Review of the State of the Question respecting the Admission of Dissenters to the Universities
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and a success for Catholic resistance. Its provisions have also been described as "confusing".
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Saints are to be honoured as examples of life and as furthering the prayers of the faithful.
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in having been issued under the King's authority. It was also statutorily enforced by the
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in 1543, which re-established most of the earlier Catholic doctrines. During the reign of
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4466:. Vol. Band 2/1, 1559–1563. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag. pp. 371–410.
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One of the final drafts of the Six articles (1539), amended in King Henry VIII's own hand
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and is necessary for salvation, even in the case of infants. It condemns the opinions of
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to the poor and needy. It also defends the morality of oath-taking for civic purposes.
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1474:
1431:
1360:
1356:
1296:
1077:
1014:
880:
744:
653:
533:
517:
339:
275:
259:
255:
251:
231:
177:
4555:
4242:
3948:(1988). "Tradition, Fathers, and Councils". In Sykes, Stephen; Booty, John E. (eds.).
1981:. Perhaps because of the uncertainty surrounding this doctrine, bequests in wills for
5131:
5025:
4589:
4500:
4436:. Vol. 1: The Reformation to the 19th Century. Leiden: Brill. pp. 234–246.
4315:
4100:
3992:
3786:
2618:
2477:
2062:
1570:
1542:
1502:
1403:
1264:
1230:
1022:
689:
480:
129:
2198:
The Thirty-nine Articles can be divided into eight sections based on their content:
5071:
4973:
4176:
2602:
2598:
2257:
2239:
2205:
1978:
1854:
1530:
1435:
1372:
1344:
1182:
1081:
267:
169:
158:
145:
1762:
whether the Eucharist could be the true body of Christ without transubstantiation,
1410:
rejected the traditional Catholic numbering of the Ten Commandments, in which the
1115:
were even mentioned (baptism, the Eucharist and penance). The Articles affirm the
4452:
4392:
4348:
4279:
4261:
4220:
4199:
4156:
4080:
4059:
3970:
3949:
3880:
1406:) of 1535, which itself was influenced by Luther's writings. Following Marshall,
5081:
5076:
5066:
4619:
2536:
2446:
2317:
2289:
2082:
2070:
1921:
When Parliament re-convened in April 1540, a committee was formed to revise the
1787:
1534:
1526:
1498:
1462:
1367:, which violated Cromwell's instructions that all arguments refer to scripture.
1348:
1212:
1200:
1162:
1065:
1010:
999:
982:
247:
133:
33:
4394:
A theological introduction to the Thirty-nine articles of the Church of England
5038:
4523:
4484:
2606:
2540:
2273:
2099:
1736:
1454:
1439:
1312:
1271:
1256:
1208:
1158:
were permitted as arguably relieving the pain of departed souls in purgatory.
1136:
1097:
1093:
990:
832:
514:
464:
223:
137:
4492:
3882:
The Reformation of the Church of England: Its History, Principles and Results
2362:(or the gift of new life), membership in the church, forgiveness of sins and
2230:: These articles state that Holy Scripture contains everything necessary for
5061:
2565:
2353:
2340:
2313:
2095:
2040:
2004:
1841:
1395:
1292:
1260:
1169:
was permitted but people were to be taught not to kneel before them or make
1147:
1112:
1111:
To the disappointment of conservatives, only three of the traditional seven
1053:
590:
506:
490:
380:
243:
2501:
has a similar declaration for its clergy, while some other churches of the
543:
The Thirty-nine Articles were finalised in 1571, and incorporated into the
4339:
4266:. Tract No 90 of Tracts for the Times. J.G.F. & J. Rivington. p.
4614:
3787:"The King's Declaration Prefixed to the Articles of Religion (Nov. 1628)"
2644:
1777:
1252:
498:
1267:, is good and laudable. However, none of these has power to forgive sin.
2349:
1982:
1223:
1155:
1049:
1045:
4082:
English Reformations: Religion, Politics, and Society Under the Tudors
1797:(that is, confession to a priest) was necessary as part of divine law.
2647:
attempted to show that the 39 Articles could be read according to an
2052:
1899:
1869:
1450:
1216:
1132:
448:
used by the Church of England, and feature in parts of the worldwide
3245:(Thomas Barthelet, King's Printer, London 1543), full page views at
2902:(Thomas Berthelet, cum privilegio, London 1537), full page views at
2268:
in Christ). They reject the medieval Catholic teachings on works of
1743:
views denying real presence. In May 1539, a new Parliament met, and
1307:
The failure of the Ten Articles to settle doctrinal controversy led
4281:
On the Thirty Nine Articles: A Conversation with Tudor Christianity
1165:, while mildly criticising popular abuses and excesses. The use of
4241:
4041:
Our Inheritance of Faith: A Commentary on the Thirty Nine Articles
3371:
3369:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2445:
to salvation and was silent on whether God predestined people for
2428:
2329:
minister on his own initiative in defiance of church authorities.
2284:—that "Predestination to life is the everlasting purpose of God".
2221:
2081:
1986:
1728:
1697:
1675:
1316:
1291:
1274:
or masses for the dead offered at certain localities (such as the
1178:
1072:
and accepting into God's favour – was through "the only mercy and
1037:
2449:; however, most of the bishops and leading churchmen believed in
1280:
mass) can deliver immediately from purgatory, are to be rejected.
1251:
The observance of various rites and ceremonies, such as clerical
2484:
were still expected to sign up to them until the passing of the
2418:
1146:
Articles six to ten focused on secondary issues. Significantly,
986:
211:
4918:
4623:
475:, he began the reform of the Church of England, which would be
4454:
The Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England Explained...
4161:. Issue 241 of Everyman's library. David Campbell Publishers.
3452:
3450:
2204:: The first five articles articulate the doctrine of God, the
1069:
3990:
Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., eds. (1997).
2276:
can make a person worthy to receive justification (congruous
2246:
because they express Scriptural teaching. It states that the
4350:
Anglican Teaching: An Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles
4201:
Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation
3057:
3055:
2614:
This view has never been held by the whole church. In 1643,
1226:, with confession and absolution, is necessary to salvation.
3599:
3597:
2782:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
1442:, which would become a feature of the English Reformation.
3320:
3318:
3120:
3118:
2962:
2960:
2366:
are all received through baptism. The articles state that
2288:, the belief that God has also predestined some people to
1931:
The Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christian Man
3243:
The Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for Any Christen Man
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2714:
2712:
2324:. In addition, the Catholic practice of using Latin as a
2302:: These articles explain the nature and authority of the
1989:
and masses fell by half what they had been in the 1520s.
1461:, some of whom were later involved with translating the
1236:
Justification is by faith, but good works are necessary.
4263:
Remarks on Certain Passages in the Thirty-nine Articles
3281:
3279:
3147:
3145:
3049:. Bishop Tunstall was involved in negotiations as well.
2371:
not be understood in terms of the Catholic doctrine of
2793:
2791:
2043:. Others point to a much stronger Lutheran influence.
1952:
Significantly, the doctrine of justification by faith
2687:
2685:
2409:: The articles affirm the role of the monarch as the
2089:, in whose reign the Thirty-nine Articles were passed
3437:
3435:
3433:
2437:
has long been printed with the Thirty-nine Articles.
5094:
5049:
5017:
4950:
4945:
Intermediates between Catholicism and Protestantism
4868:
4832:
4801:
4746:
4737:
4657:
2634:This divergence of opinion became overt during the
2312:: These articles condemn the Catholic teachings on
2171:
29. Of the Wicked which eat not the Body of Christ.
1880:
1868:
1863:
1853:
1848:
1835:
1825:
1029:. This doctrinal statement was itself based on the
4347:Wilson, William Gilbert; Templeton, J. H. (1962).
4128:
3991:
2335:: These articles explain the Church of England's
2310:Articles 22–24: Errors to be avoided in the Church
2220:, which begin with the doctrine of revelation and
1412:prohibition on making and worshiping graven images
1196:are the basis and summary of true Christian faith.
1445:The list of the 46 divines as they appear in the
3375:
2676:
3750:"Thirty-Nine Articles, or Articles of Religion"
3456:
2623:
2590:
1783:whether clerical celibacy should be compulsory,
1248:is permitted, and holy days should be observed.
4556:Audio version of the 39 Articles in MP3 format
3906:Documents of the English Reformation 1526-1701
2547:remain an official doctrinal statement of the
2457:minority emerged to challenge this consensus,
4930:
4635:
4573:Anglican Communion resources relating to the
4355:Association for Promoting Christian Knowledge
3994:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
3528:
3492:
3061:
2535:which deleted the Athanasian Creed. Earlier,
2531:A revised version was adopted in 1801 by the
2509:never required subscription to the Articles.
1375:in imitation of what they had read about the
1080:, promised freely unto us for his Son’s sake
953:
403:
8:
4540:Articles of Religion of the Episcopal Church
4433:A Companion to Anglican Eucharistic Theology
2469:The Thirty-nine Articles are printed in the
2407:Articles 37–39: Christians and Civil Society
2383:Articles 32–36: The Discipline of the Church
2300:Articles 19–21: The Church and its Authority
2051:Edward died in 1553. With the coronation of
1894:itself did not appear in the final version.
1780:needed to be observed as part of divine law,
1386:also included expositions on the creed, the
1060:. The core doctrine in the Ten Articles was
838:History of the Puritans under King Charles I
442:. The Thirty-nine Articles form part of the
4526:has original text related to this article:
1765:whether it needed to be given to the laity
1355:) had been excluded from the Ten Articles.
1021:and German Lutheran theologians, including
5014:
4937:
4923:
4915:
4743:
4642:
4628:
4620:
3336:
3206:
3194:
3085:
3073:
3038:
2978:
2939:
2915:
2863:
2770:
2703:
2256:: These articles discuss the doctrines of
2104:
1945:. Because of its royal authorisation, the
1803:
960:
946:
780:History of the Puritans under King James I
580:
560:
410:
396:
20:
3998:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
3856:Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David, eds. (1993).
3711:
2621:laid out a broader view of the Articles:
2411:Supreme Governor of the Church of England
2155:21. Of the Authority of General Councils.
1790:were required (legitimate) by divine law,
735:History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I
438:with respect to the controversies of the
3827:
3773:
3360:
3324:
3309:
3297:
3230:
3218:
3124:
3109:
3097:
3014:
3002:
2966:
2927:
2887:
2821:
2809:
2751:
2718:
1943:Act for the Advancement of True Religion
1426:'s church at Zurich, the authors of the
1117:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist
2691:
2664:
2292:, is not endorsed by the articles and
2159:23. Of Ministering in the Congregation.
2122:6. Of the Sufficiency of the Scripture.
2014:authorised a reformed liturgy, and the
1416:Thou shalt have no other gods before me
1299:headed the committee that authored the
1188:In summary, the Ten Articles asserted:
1064:. Justification – which was defined as
572:
32:
3972:Anglicanism: A Very Short Introduction
3839:
3815:
3175:from the original on 12 September 2018
3136:
2520:Each of the 44 member churches in the
2385:: The articles defend the practice of
2320:, the use of religious images and the
2264:(salvation is a gift received through
2228:Articles 6–8: Scripture and the Creeds
2224:as the source of knowledge about God.
1229:That the body and blood of Christ are
1036:The five principal doctrines were the
4999:Assembly of Notables at Fontainebleau
4611:The Ten Articles and The Six Articles
4590:Original text in Latin and in English
4473:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
4451:Gibson, Edgar Charles Sumner (1908).
3858:Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar
3699:
3687:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3552:
3540:
3516:
3504:
3480:
3468:
3441:
3414:Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar
3387:
3285:
3270:
3258:
3151:
3026:
2990:
2951:
2875:
2797:
2730:
2476:and other Anglican prayer books. The
2165:26. Of the Unworthiness of Ministers.
2146:18. Of obtaining Salvation by Christ.
2003:Henry VIII was succeeded by his son,
1315:in spirituals, to convene a national
7:
4577:, including the articles of religion
4252:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3399:
3348:
2181:34. Of the Traditions of the Church.
2161:24. Of speaking in the Congregation.
2150:20. Of the Authority of the Church.
1414:was part of the first commandment, "
1321:The Institution of the Christian Man
823:Arminianism in the Church of England
553:and elsewhere through its wide use.
513:were written under the direction of
4709:Harmony of the Confessions of Faith
4284:(2nd ed.). London: SCM Press.
3898:. Vol. 2. Oxford: J.H. Parker.
2348:, the articles recognise only two:
2144:17. Of Predestination and Election.
1398:. These were greatly influenced by
617:Convocations of Canterbury and York
4597:adopted by the US Episcopal Church
4369:. Concordia Publishing House. 2000
4155:MacCulloch, Diarmaid, ed. (1999).
4106:Reformation in Britain and Ireland
3797:from the original on 28 April 2022
2845:from the original on 3 August 2018
2136:13. Of Works before Justification.
370:North American Anglican Conference
14:
4860:Baptist Affirmation of Faith 1966
4855:New Hampshire Confession of Faith
4402:Boultbee, Thomas Pownall (1877).
4222:The Oxford History of Anglicanism
4020:. Vol. 2 Book 3. Edinburgh:
2900:The Institution of A Christen Man
2396:First and Second Book of Homilies
2202:Articles 1–5: The Doctrine of God
2185:36. Of Consecrating of Ministers.
1906:during the reign of Henry's son,
931:History of the Anglican Communion
858:History of the Puritans from 1649
5173:History of the Church of England
5026:Crypto-Catholic or Crypto-Papist
4850:1689 Baptist Confession of Faith
4840:1644 Baptist Confession of Faith
4605:
4531:Thirty-nine Articles of Religion
4516:
4246:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3896:The Works of Archbishop Bramhall
2254:Articles 9–18: Sin and Salvation
2140:15. Of Christ alone without Sin.
2112:1. Of Faith in the Holy Trinity.
1812:
574:History of the Church of England
493:doctrine and Catholic practice.
424:Thirty-nine Articles of Religion
379:
40:
5018:Individuals with hidden beliefs
5009:(Lutheran and crypto-Calvinist)
4993:(Lutheran and crypto-Calvinist)
4769:Westminster Confession of Faith
4464:Reformierte Bekenntnisschriften
3954:. London: SPCK/Fortress Press.
2191:39. Of a Christian man's Oath.
2177:32. Of the Marriage of Priests.
2138:14. Of Works of Supererogation.
2116:3. Of his going down into Hell.
1937:on 6 May and differed from the
1935:special meeting of the nobility
1402:'s primer (an English-language
1371:to have been introduced by the
216:Medieval cathedral architecture
190:First seven ecumenical councils
4891:Kansas City Statement of Faith
4391:Bicknell, Edward John (1919).
4171:– via Church of England.
2505:make no such requirement. The
2333:Articles 25–31: The Sacraments
704:Elizabethan Church (1558–1603)
649:Dissolution of the Monasteries
551:religion in the United Kingdom
486:excommunication of Elizabeth I
236:Dissolution of the monasteries
1:
5178:Reformed confessions of faith
4824:Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral
4774:Westminster Shorter Catechism
4651:Reformed confessions of faith
4181:The Earlier Tudors, 1485–1558
3725:"Institution of an Incumbent"
3165:"The Act of the Six Articles"
2515:Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral
2339:. According to the articles,
2189:38. Of Christian men's Goods.
2179:33. Of Excommunicate Persons.
2175:31. Of Christ's one Oblation.
1438:". Such teachings encouraged
1135:'s authority to grant divine
426:(commonly abbreviated as the
328:Anglican Consultative Council
77:Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral
5138:16th-century Christian texts
5050:Movements within Catholicism
4957:Movements predating Luther:
4779:Westminster Larger Catechism
4582:Facsimile of a 1762 printing
3376:Cross & Livingstone 1997
2677:Cross & Livingstone 1997
2128:9. Of Original or Birth-sin.
2114:2. Of Christ the Son of God.
1359:argued for all seven, while
775:James I and religious issues
612:Religion in Medieval England
458:Continuing Anglican movement
354:Continuing Anglican movement
350:Other Anglican Denominations
313:Anglican Communion Primates'
16:Anglican doctrinal statement
4613:public domain audiobook at
4109:. Oxford University Press.
4079:Haigh, Christopher (1993).
4043:. Gilead Books Publishing.
3930:. New York: Chelsea House.
3903:Bray, Gerald Lewis (2004).
3860:. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK:
3457:Wilson & Templeton 1962
2364:adoption as children of God
1913:
1127:, but it clearly condemned
816:Caroline period (1625–1649)
768:Jacobean period (1603–1625)
5194:
4682:French Confession of Faith
4563:, text of the 1571 version
4018:The Reformation in England
3924:Brown, Stephen F. (2009).
3879:Blunt, John Henry (1878).
2486:Oxford University Act 1854
2389:and the church's power of
1996:
1968:The one area in which the
1801:United Kingdom legislation
1284:
305:Anglican Communion history
4985:Diet of Regensburg (1541)
4903:
4569:Church of England website
4485:10.1017/S0022046900031900
4204:. Yale University Press.
3909:. James Clarke & Co.
2630:under pain of damnation.
2187:37. Of Civil Magistrates.
2169:28. Of the Lord's Supper.
2142:16. Of Sin after Baptism.
1993:Forty-two Articles (1553)
1811:
1806:
1418:". In agreement with the
1181:was permitted as long as
532:, under the direction of
4551:The Ten Articles of 1536
4198:Marshall, Peter (2017).
3951:The Study of Anglicanism
2839:reformationhenryviii.com
2559:According to theologian
2124:7. Of the Old Testament.
1377:practice of the Apostles
1259:, bearing of candles on
1192:The Bible and the three
1084:, and the merits of his
921:Disestablishmentarianism
790:Hampton Court Conference
607:Anglo-Saxon Christianity
538:Archbishop of Canterbury
509:, Henry VIII's son, the
309:Archbishop of Canterbury
5112:Evangelical Catholicism
5107:High Church Lutheranism
4667:Tetrapolitan Confession
4430:Douglas, Brian (2011).
4425:. London: John Cochran.
3890:Bramhall, John (1842).
3714:, pp. 56 & 60.
2549:United Methodist Church
2126:8. Of the Three Creeds.
2118:4. Of his Resurrection.
1788:private (votive) masses
636:Reformation (1509–1559)
622:Development of dioceses
386:Christianity portal
208:Augustine of Canterbury
4963:Renaissance evangelism
4719:Conclusions of Utrecht
4601:Irish Articles of 1615
4457:Methuen & Company.
4299:Pierce, Chris (2003).
4131:Thomas Cranmer: A Life
4039:Davie, Martin (2013).
4014:d'Aubigné, J. H. Merle
3969:Chapman, Mark (2006).
2632:
2612:
2438:
2401:1549 and 1552 Ordinals
2262:justification by faith
2218:Westminster Confession
2163:25. Of the Sacraments.
2090:
1681:
1331:being synonymous with
1304:
1062:justification by faith
755:Marprelate Controversy
750:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
644:Reformation Parliament
600:Middle Ages (597–1500)
200:Background and history
5168:Christian terminology
5163:Book of Common Prayer
4764:Westminster Standards
4575:Book of Common Prayer
4363:"Wittenberg Articles"
4249:Catholic Encyclopedia
4240:Moyes, James (1913).
4183:. Oxford Paperbacks.
4137:Yale University Press
4022:Banner of Truth Trust
3732:Book of Common Prayer
3416:. The Boydell Press.
2783:"Wittenberg Articles"
2494:Book of Common Prayer
2473:Book of Common Prayer
2451:double predestination
2435:Book of Common Prayer
2432:
2286:Double predestination
2132:11. Of Justification.
2120:5. Of the Holy Ghost.
2106:Thirty-nine Articles
2085:
2018:Book of Common Prayer
2010:Book of Common Prayer
1975:Knights of the Garter
1819:Parliament of England
1679:
1468:Book of Common Prayer
1295:
1263:, giving of ashes on
1175:Mary, mother of Jesus
906:Bangorian Controversy
874:Book of Common Prayer
796:Book of Common Prayer
740:Vestments controversy
730:The Books of Homilies
713:Book of Common Prayer
673:Book of Common Prayer
660:Book of Common Prayer
546:Book of Common Prayer
445:Book of Common Prayer
366:Congress of St. Louis
362:Bartonville Agreement
120:Book of Common Prayer
5143:1563 in Christianity
4906:Subordinate standard
4809:Thirty-nine Articles
4692:Heidelberg Catechism
4687:Three Forms of Unity
4672:Helvetic Confessions
4595:Revised 1801 version
4567:Articles of Religion
4561:Articles of Religion
4367:Christian Cyclopedia
4125:MacCulloch, Diarmaid
3754:The Episcopal Church
3666:, pp. 526, 529.
2616:Archbishop of Armagh
2545:Articles of Religion
2337:sacramental theology
2322:invocation of saints
2272:and that performing
2214:Helvetic Confessions
2183:35. Of the Homilies.
1449:included all of the
1177:, and all the other
989:" and the latter as
863:Westminster Assembly
720:Thirty-nine Articles
481:Protestant movements
428:Thirty-nine Articles
358:Anglican realignment
220:Apostolic succession
99:Ministry and worship
65:Thirty-nine Articles
5007:Liturgical struggle
4979:Six Articles (1539)
4959:Proto-Protestantism
4792:Book of Confessions
4759:Negative Confession
4677:Consensus Tigurinus
4584:from the above site
4397:. London: Longmans.
4243:"Anglicanism"
4085:. Clarendon Press.
3791:history.hanover.edu
3738:. 2004. p. 24.
3618:, pp. 485–486.
3606:, pp. 468–470.
3591:, pp. 464–466.
3507:, pp. 230–232.
3312:, pp. 288–289.
3261:, pp. 160–161.
3100:, pp. 269–270.
2918:, pp. 187–188.
2866:, pp. 185–186.
2835:"Ten Articles 1536"
2824:, pp. 238–239.
2533:US Episcopal Church
2507:US Episcopal Church
2459:Archbishop Whitgift
2377:Unlimited atonement
2326:liturgical language
2107:
2023:reform of canon law
1704:through September.
1686:Schmalkaldic League
1672:Six Articles (1539)
1459:Doctors of Divinity
1173:to them. Prayer to
1156:masses for the dead
1152:Prayer for the dead
1031:Augsburg Confession
973:Ten Articles (1536)
911:Evangelical Revival
725:Convocation of 1563
530:Convocation of 1563
440:English Reformation
336:Ordination of women
228:English Reformation
204:Celtic Christianity
4876:Cambridge Platform
4786:Confession of 1967
4724:Barmen Declaration
4714:Helvetic Consensus
4258:Newman, John Henry
4058:Guy, John (1990).
3654:, p. 500–503.
3543:, p. 370-372.
2628:necessitate medii,
2522:Anglican Communion
2503:Anglican Communion
2439:
2415:capital punishment
2373:transubstantiation
2173:30. Of both kinds.
2148:19. Of the Church.
2134:12. Of Good Works.
2105:
2091:
2036:Forty-two Articles
1999:Forty-two Articles
1892:transubstantiation
1793:whether auricular
1723:, and withholding
1690:Friedrich Myconius
1682:
1619:William Buckmaster
1465:and compiling the
1323:(popularly called
1305:
1121:transubstantiation
1027:Philip Melanchthon
926:Prayer Book Crisis
803:King James Version
785:Millenary Petition
680:Forty-two Articles
667:Edwardine Ordinals
511:Forty-two Articles
450:Anglican Communion
320:Lambeth Conference
300:Anglican Communion
115:King James Version
57:Christian theology
5158:Anglo-Catholicism
5125:
5124:
5102:Anglo-Catholicism
5090:
5089:
5033:Crypto-Protestant
4912:
4911:
4899:
4898:
4886:Saybrook Platform
4881:Savoy Declaration
4869:Congregationalist
4845:Keach's Catechism
4729:Belhar Confession
4697:Belgic Confession
4443:978-90-04-21930-4
4331:978-1-4472-4128-7
4324:. Pan Macmillan.
4276:O'Donovan, Oliver
4168:978-1-85715-241-8
4116:978-0-19-928015-5
4071:978-0-19-285213-7
4031:978-0-85151-487-1
4005:978-0-19-211655-0
3982:978-0-19-157819-9
3961:978-0-8006-2087-5
3937:978-1-60413-112-3
3916:978-0-227-17239-1
3862:The Boydell Press
3736:Church of Ireland
3495:, pp. 11–12.
3169:tudorplace.com.ar
2641:John Henry Newman
2539:, founder of the
2499:Church of Ireland
2482:Oxford University
2387:clerical marriage
2196:
2195:
2157:22. Of Purgatory.
2130:10. Of Free-Will.
2058:Archbishop Parker
1887:
1886:
1864:Other legislation
1807:Act of Parliament
1721:clerical celibacy
1696:of the church in
1487:Cuthbert Tunstall
1408:The Bishops' Book
1337:The Bishops' Book
1325:The Bishops' Book
1246:Praying to saints
1233:in the Eucharist.
1222:The sacrament of
1201:remission of sins
1194:ecumenical creeds
1129:sacramentarianism
1125:sacramental union
1042:ecumenical creeds
979:Church of England
970:
969:
587:Westminster Abbey
436:Church of England
420:
419:
280:Anglo-Catholicism
240:Church of England
69:Books of Homilies
61:Anglican doctrine
5185:
5042:
5029:
5015:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4991:Augsburg Interim
4971:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4916:
4814:Lambeth Articles
4754:Scots Confession
4744:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4621:
4609:
4608:
4520:
4504:
4467:
4458:
4447:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4398:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4358:
4343:
4311:
4305:
4295:
4271:
4253:
4245:
4236:
4215:
4194:
4172:
4150:
4134:
4120:
4096:
4075:
4054:
4035:
4009:
3997:
3986:
3965:
3941:
3920:
3899:
3892:"Schism Guarded"
3886:
3875:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3471:, pp. 5, 8.
3466:
3460:
3454:
3445:
3439:
3428:
3427:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3247:Internet Archive
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3050:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2904:Internet Archive
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2755:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2680:
2674:
2651:interpretation.
2586:evangelical wing
2526:Athanasian Creed
2463:Lambeth Articles
2346:seven sacraments
2244:Athanasian Creed
2108:
2028:Council of Trent
1904:Treason Act 1547
1882:Status: Repealed
1875:Treason Act 1547
1816:
1815:
1804:
1767:under both kinds
1639:Thomas Robertson
1583:Cuthbert Marshal
1519:Nicholas Shaxton
1491:Stephen Gardiner
1424:Huldrych Zwingli
1420:Eastern Orthodox
1400:William Marshall
1388:Ten Commandments
1365:sacred tradition
1255:, sprinkling of
1199:Baptism imparts
1167:religious images
962:
955:
948:
886:Nonjuring schism
868:Savoy Conference
828:Caroline Divines
584:
561:
454:Episcopal Church
412:
405:
398:
384:
383:
272:Nonjuring schism
186:Christian Church
81:Episcopal polity
73:Caroline Divines
44:
21:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5148:1563 in England
5128:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5117:Taizé Community
5086:
5045:
5037:
5024:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4965:
4946:
4943:
4913:
4908:
4895:
4864:
4828:
4797:
4739:
4733:
4659:
4653:
4648:
4606:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4535:
4521:
4512:
4507:
4470:
4461:
4450:
4444:
4429:
4414:Denison, Edward
4412:
4401:
4390:
4386:
4384:Further reading
4381:
4372:
4370:
4361:
4346:
4332:
4314:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4274:
4256:
4239:
4233:
4218:
4212:
4197:
4191:
4175:
4169:
4154:
4147:
4123:
4117:
4099:
4093:
4078:
4072:
4064:. Oxford: OUP.
4057:
4051:
4038:
4032:
4012:
4006:
3989:
3983:
3975:. Oxford: OUP.
3968:
3962:
3946:Chadwick, Henry
3944:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3902:
3889:
3878:
3872:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3431:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3337:MacCulloch 1996
3335:
3331:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3207:MacCulloch 1996
3205:
3201:
3195:MacCulloch 1996
3193:
3189:
3178:
3176:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3086:MacCulloch 1996
3084:
3080:
3074:MacCulloch 1996
3072:
3068:
3060:
3053:
3047:Nicholas Wilson
3039:MacCulloch 1996
3037:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3009:
3001:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2979:MacCulloch 1996
2977:
2973:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2940:MacCulloch 1996
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2916:MacCulloch 1996
2914:
2910:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2864:MacCulloch 1996
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2771:MacCulloch 1996
2769:
2758:
2750:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2710:
2704:MacCulloch 1999
2702:
2698:
2690:
2683:
2679:, p. 1611.
2675:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2636:Oxford Movement
2557:
2427:
2391:excommunication
2236:Apostles' Creed
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2167:27. Of Baptism.
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2080:
2067:excommunication
2049:
2001:
1995:
1919:
1883:
1821:
1813:
1802:
1756:Duke of Norfolk
1745:Lord Chancellor
1674:
1627:Nicholas Wotton
1547:William Barlowe
1539:Richard Sampson
1515:Thomas Goodrich
1353:extreme unction
1309:Thomas Cromwell
1290:
975:
966:
937:
936:
935:
916:Oxford Movement
900:
892:
891:
890:
852:
844:
843:
842:
817:
809:
808:
807:
769:
761:
760:
759:
706:
696:
695:
694:
638:
628:
627:
626:
601:
593:
559:
469:Catholic Church
467:broke with the
452:(including the
416:
378:
373:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
343:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
311:
307:
302:
292:
291:
289:Oxford Movement
287:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
193:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
162:
161:
157:
153:
149:
128:
126:Liturgical year
124:
113:
109:
105:
100:
92:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5191:
5189:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5130:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5035:
5030:
5021:
5019:
5012:
5011:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4919:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4819:Irish Articles
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4761:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4702:Canons of Dort
4699:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4553:
4536:
4527:
4522:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:External links
4508:
4506:
4505:
4468:
4459:
4448:
4442:
4427:
4410:
4399:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4359:
4344:
4330:
4321:Thomas Cranmer
4316:Ridley, Jasper
4312:
4296:
4290:
4272:
4254:
4237:
4231:
4216:
4211:978-0300170627
4210:
4195:
4189:
4173:
4167:
4152:
4145:
4121:
4115:
4101:Heal, Felicity
4097:
4091:
4076:
4070:
4055:
4050:978-0956856074
4049:
4036:
4030:
4010:
4004:
3987:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3942:
3936:
3921:
3915:
3900:
3887:
3876:
3870:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3832:
3830:, p. 355.
3820:
3808:
3778:
3766:
3741:
3716:
3712:Marshall 2017b
3704:
3702:, p. 590.
3692:
3690:, p. 535.
3680:
3678:, p. 534.
3668:
3656:
3644:
3642:, p. 499.
3632:
3630:, p. 489.
3620:
3608:
3593:
3581:
3579:, p. 441.
3569:
3567:, p. 424.
3557:
3555:, p. 393.
3545:
3533:
3529:O'Donovan 2011
3521:
3519:, p. 294.
3509:
3497:
3493:O'Donovan 2011
3485:
3473:
3461:
3446:
3429:
3422:
3404:
3402:, p. 284.
3392:
3390:, p. 181.
3380:
3378:, p. 625.
3365:
3363:, p. 353.
3353:
3351:, p. 310.
3341:
3339:, p. 500.
3329:
3327:, p. 289.
3314:
3302:
3300:, p. 288.
3290:
3288:, p. 160.
3275:
3263:
3251:
3235:
3233:, p. 279.
3223:
3221:, p. 312.
3211:
3209:, p. 251.
3199:
3197:, p. 249.
3187:
3156:
3154:, p. 153.
3141:
3139:, p. 180.
3129:
3127:, p. 275.
3114:
3102:
3090:
3088:, p. 221.
3078:
3076:, p. 219.
3066:
3062:d'Aubigné 1972
3051:
3031:
3019:
3017:, p. 259.
3007:
2995:
2993:, p. 445.
2983:
2981:, p. 192.
2971:
2969:, p. 256.
2956:
2954:, p. 446.
2944:
2942:, p. 189.
2932:
2930:, p. 254.
2920:
2908:
2892:
2890:, p. 255.
2880:
2878:, p. 444.
2868:
2856:
2826:
2814:
2812:, p. 240.
2802:
2800:, p. 129.
2787:
2775:
2773:, p. 161.
2756:
2754:, p. 239.
2735:
2733:, p. 128.
2723:
2721:, p. 238.
2708:
2696:
2681:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:Anglo-Catholic
2561:Henry Chadwick
2556:
2555:Interpretation
2553:
2426:
2423:
2368:infant baptism
2304:visible church
2282:predestination
2270:supererogation
2222:Holy Scripture
2194:
2193:
2152:
2079:
2076:
2048:
2045:
1997:Main article:
1994:
1991:
1918:
1912:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1770:
1763:
1752:House of Lords
1741:Sacramentarian
1725:communion wine
1702:Lambeth Palace
1694:superintendent
1673:
1670:
1603:Ralph Bradford
1595:William Downes
1591:William Cliffe
1587:Richard Curren
1579:Nicholas Heath
1563:William Knight
1559:Richard Wolman
1555:Robert Holgate
1495:Robert Aldrich
1483:John Stokesley
1475:Thomas Cranmer
1432:God the Father
1361:Thomas Cranmer
1357:John Stokesley
1297:Thomas Cranmer
1289:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1268:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:really present
1227:
1220:
1197:
1015:Nicholas Heath
974:
971:
968:
967:
965:
964:
957:
950:
942:
939:
938:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
902:
901:
898:
897:
894:
893:
889:
888:
883:
881:Great Ejection
878:
870:
865:
860:
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
806:
805:
800:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
770:
767:
766:
763:
762:
758:
757:
752:
747:
745:Richard Hooker
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
708:
707:
702:
701:
698:
697:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
669:
664:
656:
654:Thomas Cranmer
651:
646:
640:
639:
634:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
585:
577:
576:
570:
569:
558:
555:
534:Matthew Parker
518:Thomas Cranmer
473:excommunicated
432:XXXIX Articles
418:
417:
415:
414:
407:
400:
392:
389:
388:
375:
374:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
340:Windsor Report
303:
298:
297:
294:
293:
276:Latitudinarian
256:Richard Hooker
252:Matthew Parker
232:Thomas Cranmer
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
173:
168:
167:
164:
163:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
55:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5190:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4940:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4907:
4902:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4640:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4616:
4612:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4525:
4519:
4509:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4455:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4428:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4291:9780334047810
4287:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4232:9780199639731
4228:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4190:0-19-285292-2
4186:
4182:
4178:
4177:Mackie, J. D.
4174:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4148:
4146:0-300-06688-0
4142:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4061:Tudor England
4056:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3927:Protestantism
3922:
3918:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3871:0-85115-549-9
3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3841:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3828:Bramhall 1842
3824:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3809:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3774:Chadwick 1988
3770:
3767:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3531:, p. 84.
3530:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3483:, p. 88.
3482:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3423:0-85115-549-9
3419:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3361:Marshall 2017
3357:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3325:Marshall 2017
3321:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3310:Marshall 2017
3306:
3303:
3299:
3298:Marshall 2017
3294:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3273:, p. 18.
3272:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3231:Marshall 2017
3227:
3224:
3220:
3219:Marshall 2017
3215:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3125:Marshall 2017
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:Marshall 2017
3106:
3103:
3099:
3098:Marshall 2017
3094:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3029:, p. 17.
3028:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3015:Marshall 2017
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:Marshall 2017
2999:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2967:Marshall 2017
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2928:Marshall 2017
2924:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2888:Marshall 2017
2884:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:Marshall 2017
2818:
2815:
2811:
2810:Marshall 2017
2806:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2752:Marshall 2017
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2719:Marshall 2017
2715:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2619:John Bramhall
2617:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2478:Test Act 1672
2475:
2474:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2425:Later history
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:is affirmed.
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:Lord's Supper
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:is affirmed.
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2153:
2151:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:Edmund Gheast
2059:
2054:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:Bishop's Book
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:Bishops' Book
1916:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1666:Bishops' Book
1663:
1662:Bishops' Book
1657:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:Thomas Barett
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:Simon Matthew
1608:
1607:Richard Smyth
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1571:Edmond Bonner
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Robert Partew
1548:
1544:
1543:William Repps
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:John Longland
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1457:and 17 other
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:Bishop's Book
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:images of God
1433:
1429:
1428:Bishops' Book
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1404:book of hours
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:Lord's Prayer
1389:
1385:
1384:Bishops' Book
1380:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:, the King's
1310:
1302:
1301:Bishop's Book
1298:
1294:
1287:
1286:Bishops' Book
1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:Ash Wednesday
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:was avoided.
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:justification
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:Martin Luther
1020:
1019:Robert Barnes
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
972:
963:
958:
956:
951:
949:
944:
943:
941:
940:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
896:
895:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
875:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
848:
847:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
813:
812:
804:
801:
799:
797:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
765:
764:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
714:
710:
709:
705:
700:
699:
691:
690:Marian exiles
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
674:
670:
668:
665:
663:
661:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
637:
632:
631:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
597:
596:
592:
588:
583:
579:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:
556:
554:
552:
548:
547:
541:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
494:
492:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
391:
390:
387:
382:
377:
376:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
347:
346:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
301:
296:
295:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
197:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
171:
166:
165:
160:
156:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:Churchmanship
127:
122:
121:
116:
112:
108:
104:
96:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
5072:Febronianism
5041:(pejorative)
5028:(pejorative)
4974:preachership
4808:
4790:
4747:Presbyterian
4574:
4538:
4537:
4529:
4528:
4479:(1): 42–67.
4476:
4472:
4463:
4453:
4432:
4419:
4404:
4393:
4371:. Retrieved
4366:
4349:
4320:
4307:
4280:
4262:
4247:
4221:
4200:
4180:
4157:
4130:
4105:
4081:
4060:
4040:
4017:
3993:
3971:
3950:
3926:
3905:
3895:
3881:
3857:
3835:
3823:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3790:
3781:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3753:
3744:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3611:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3413:
3407:
3395:
3383:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3305:
3293:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3190:
3177:. Retrieved
3168:
3159:
3132:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3034:
3022:
3010:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2838:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2778:
2726:
2699:
2692:Chapman 2006
2633:
2627:
2624:
2613:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2530:
2519:
2511:
2493:
2490:
2472:
2468:
2440:
2434:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2382:
2381:
2360:Regeneration
2358:
2332:
2331:
2309:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2258:original sin
2253:
2252:
2240:Nicene Creed
2227:
2226:
2206:Holy Trinity
2201:
2200:
2197:
2154:
2111:
2092:
2050:
2032:
2017:
2009:
2002:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1859:28 June 1539
1855:Royal assent
1733:
1717:Greek Church
1706:
1683:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1635:John Edmunds
1599:Robert Oking
1575:William Skip
1531:Hugh Latimer
1473:
1466:
1446:
1444:
1427:
1407:
1383:
1381:
1373:early Church
1369:
1347:, marriage,
1345:confirmation
1342:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:), the word
1324:
1320:
1306:
1300:
1285:
1275:
1205:regeneration
1187:
1183:superstition
1160:
1145:
1110:
1104:joined with
1082:Jesus Christ
1035:
1004:
985:without the
976:
873:
795:
719:
712:
672:
659:
586:
557:Predecessors
544:
542:
527:
502:
495:
462:
443:
431:
427:
423:
421:
268:William Laud
170:Christianity
159:Jesus Prayer
118:
64:
18:
5153:Anglicanism
5095:Present-day
5082:Cisalpinism
5077:Josephinism
5067:Gallicanism
4966: [
4738:British and
4658:Continental
4408:. Longmans.
3840:Newman 1841
3816:Pierce 2003
3137:Ridley 2013
2537:John Wesley
2461:issued the
2447:reprobation
2318:indulgences
2290:reprobation
2210:incarnation
2087:Elizabeth I
2071:Pope Pius V
2047:Development
1970:King's Book
1962:King's Book
1947:King's Book
1927:King's Book
1915:King's Book
1870:Repealed by
1631:Richard Cox
1623:William May
1535:John Hilsey
1527:Edward Foxe
1511:Rowland Lee
1499:John Voysey
1455:archdeacons
1349:holy orders
1333:instruction
1329:institution
1277:scala coeli
1272:indulgences
1209:Anabaptists
1163:Good Friday
1011:Edward Foxe
1000:Lutheranism
995:Convocation
983:Catholicism
503:King's Book
248:Elizabeth I
151:Monasticism
34:Anglicanism
5132:Categories
5039:Nicodemite
4981:(Anglican)
4951:Historical
4524:Wikisource
4353:. Dublin:
4135:. London:
4092:0198221622
3801:2 November
3700:Davie 2013
3688:Davie 2013
3676:Davie 2013
3664:Davie 2013
3652:Davie 2013
3640:Davie 2013
3628:Davie 2013
3616:Davie 2013
3604:Davie 2013
3589:Davie 2013
3577:Davie 2013
3565:Davie 2013
3553:Davie 2013
3541:Davie 2013
3517:Davie 2013
3505:Davie 2013
3481:Davie 2013
3469:Davie 2013
3442:Moyes 1913
3388:Haigh 1993
3286:Haigh 1993
3271:Davie 2013
3259:Haigh 1993
3179:1 December
3152:Haigh 1993
3043:George Day
3027:Davie 2013
2991:Blunt 1878
2952:Blunt 1878
2876:Blunt 1878
2798:Haigh 1993
2731:Haigh 1993
2655:References
2541:Methodists
2453:. When an
2341:sacraments
2274:good works
2100:Anabaptism
1979:Queen Jane
1827:Long title
1795:confession
1737:Anabaptist
1655:John Tyson
1643:John Baker
1507:John Clerk
1479:Edward Lee
1440:iconoclasm
1313:vicegerent
1257:holy water
1141:confession
1137:absolution
1113:sacraments
1098:contrition
1094:Good works
991:Protestant
833:Laudianism
589:(1749) by
515:Archbishop
465:Henry VIII
224:Henry VIII
85:Sacraments
5062:Jansenism
5057:Modernism
4501:162584862
4493:0022-0469
4318:(2013) .
4308:Cross†way
3400:Bray 2004
3349:Heal 2003
2660:Citations
2578:Charles I
2571:via media
2566:via media
2433:The 1662
2314:purgatory
2248:Apocrypha
2232:salvation
2096:Calvinism
2041:Calvinism
2005:Edward VI
1983:chantries
1908:Edward VI
1842:25 Hen. 8
1750:told the
1727:from the
1713:Stokesley
1651:John Hase
1615:John Pryn
1567:John Bell
1523:John Bird
1396:Hail Mary
1261:Candlemas
1253:vestments
1213:Pelagians
1171:offerings
1148:purgatory
1066:remission
1054:Eucharist
1033:of 1530.
1007:salvation
899:1700–1950
851:1649–1688
591:Canaletto
507:Edward VI
491:Calvinist
332:Ecumenism
264:Charles I
244:Edward VI
111:Eucharist
4802:Anglican
4740:American
4660:Reformed
4615:LibriVox
4416:(1835).
4373:3 August
4278:(2011).
4260:(1841).
4179:(1994).
4127:(1996).
4103:(2003).
4016:(1972).
3795:Archived
3759:25 April
3173:Archived
3171:. 1539.
2849:3 August
2843:Archived
2645:Tract 90
2576:In 1628
2455:Arminian
2443:election
2352:and the
2344:claimed
2294:Apostacy
2242:and the
2216:and the
2208:and the
1837:Citation
1786:whether
1778:chastity
1772:whether
1709:Tunstall
1453:, eight
566:a series
564:Part of
499:Lutheran
471:and was
316:Meetings
103:Ministry
52:Theology
26:a series
24:Part of
4833:Baptist
3849:Sources
2599:Latimer
2350:baptism
2078:Content
2069:by the
2012:of 1549
1844:. c. 14
1451:bishops
1224:penance
1106:charity
1090:passion
1076:of the
1050:penance
1046:baptism
685:Martyrs
430:or the
324:Bishops
284:Liberal
260:James I
142:Central
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2603:Ussher
2595:Ridley
2238:, the
2098:, and
2053:Mary I
1917:(1543)
1900:recant
1748:Audley
1390:, the
1288:(1537)
1217:heresy
1179:saints
1133:priest
1078:Father
1052:, the
876:(1662)
798:(1604)
715:(1559)
675:(1552)
662:(1549)
568:on the
536:, the
523:Mary I
477:headed
178:Christ
155:Saints
4970:]
4497:S2CID
4310:(89).
4304:(PDF)
3728:(PDF)
2471:1662
2278:merit
2266:faith
2016:1552
1987:obits
1958:alone
1954:alone
1929:, or
1849:Dates
1729:laity
1698:Gotha
1463:Bible
1317:synod
1102:faith
1086:blood
1074:grace
1038:Bible
463:When
175:Jesus
146:Broad
107:Music
4489:ISSN
4438:ISBN
4375:2018
4336:OCLC
4326:ISBN
4286:ISBN
4227:ISBN
4206:ISBN
4185:ISBN
4163:ISBN
4141:ISBN
4111:ISBN
4087:ISBN
4066:ISBN
4045:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4000:ISBN
3977:ISBN
3956:ISBN
3932:ISBN
3911:ISBN
3866:ISBN
3803:2022
3761:2023
3418:ISBN
3181:2018
3045:and
2851:2018
2607:Ryle
2419:alms
2260:and
1774:vows
1739:and
1422:and
1394:and
1382:The
1351:and
1211:and
1203:and
1154:and
1100:and
1088:and
1056:and
1040:and
1025:and
1017:and
987:Pope
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182:Paul
134:High
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